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1. <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7543881694514639380</id><updated>2024-11-01T03:38:51.794-07:00</updated><category term="Adsense"/><category term="Celeb"/><category term="World"/><category term="Technology"/><category term="News"/><category term="History"/><category term="Hot"/><category term="Politic"/><category term="Google"/><category term="Finance"/><category term="Hacking"/><category term="Sport"/><category term="Healthy"/><category term="Photos"/><category term="Economic"/><category term="Music"/><category term="Mistery"/><category term="Social"/><title type='text'>News Blog Communication</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aryodanter.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aryodanter.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25&amp;redirect=false'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>612</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7543881694514639380.post-7621020727585287164</id><published>2018-04-24T09:13:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2018-04-24T09:13:44.602-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="News"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Technology"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="World"/><title type='text'>Yahoo’s Marissa Mayer is out of a job at last</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://cdn1.tnwcdn.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2017/06/Marissa-Mayer-796x398.jpg&quot; image anchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;image border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://cdn1.tnwcdn.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2017/06/Marissa-Mayer-796x398.jpg&quot;
2. width="150" height="150" data-original-width="796" data-original-height="398" /></a></div>
3.  
4. 10 months ago,<a href="https://thenextweb.com/insider/2016/07/25/verizon-acquires-yahoo-4-3b/#.tnw_bvoqpXFP"> Verizon agreed to acquire Yahoo</a> for $4.8 billion. The deal – which included all of Yahoo’s search, communications and digital content products, as well as its ad services – had since been <a href="https://thenextweb.com/insider/2017/02/21/yahoos-valuation-slashed-by-350-million-following-high-profile-hacks/#.tnw_VSLSRCdg">amended to $4.5 billion</a> and has just been <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-06-13/verizon-seals-4-5-billion-yahoo-purchase-as-mayer-heads-out">completed.</a>. And with that, Marissa Mayer relinquishes her role as CEO.
5.  
6. As a former fan of the brand, I can’t help but be pleased with the news. While the task of making Yahoo relevant again with incredibly challenging competition to contend with has certainly been difficult, Mayer was unable to make any real impact beyond keeping the company afloat.
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19. Even with numerous<a href="https://thenextweb.com/apps/2017/02/16/yahoo-hack-continues/#.tnw_lQw1Ca7t#.tnw_Cy3XYsEB">massive security breaches</a>,no new products worth talking about and little by way of innovation from the company under her reign, Mayer is still slated to <a href="https://thenextweb.com/money/2017/03/14/even-after-massive-yahoo-bungles-ceo-marissa-mayer-is-set-to-take-home-millions/#.tnw_N7u7lUh5">receive a golden parachute package worth $23 million</a> when she walks out the door one last time.
20.  
21. Hopefully, Verizon will be able to turn things around. It’s adding the properties it’s acquired to a new unit called <a href="https://thenextweb.com/business/2017/04/03/verizon-plans-rebrand-aol-yahoo-oath/#.tnw_nrBW8Ua9">Oath</a>  (which also includes TechCrunch and the Huffington Post), and is replacing Mayer with new CEO Tim Armstrong.
22.  
23. The former AOL CEO has serious business-building chops: he’s known for <a href="having sold the first $1 million web ad deal ever">having sold the first $1 million web ad deal ever</a>, and grew Google’s ad operations from $700,000 to billions of dollars a year (AdSense and allied products now earn the company about $25 billion each quarter).
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36. With Verizon having spent over $9 billion on AOL and Yahoo at this point, Armstrong has a lot to prove, and a major challenge in taking on the likes of Google and Facebook in a bid to win audiences and ad dollars.
37.  
38. As we’ve heard before, it might &lt;a href=&quot;https://thenextweb.com/insider/2016/07/26/we-now-know-why-verizon-bought-yahoo-mobile-video/#.tnw_7TZqbT5y&quot;&gt;make sense for Verizon to bet big on mobile video&lt;/a&gt;to bring in more viewers. Between its acquisitions, which also include Tumblr and Flickr, it has a strong set of products to work with. It’ll be interesting to see how Armstrong leverages these to make Yahoo great again.</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/7621020727585287164'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/7621020727585287164'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aryodanter.blogspot.com/2017/06/yahoos-marissa-mayer-is-out-of-job-at.html' title='Yahoo’s Marissa Mayer is out of a job at last'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7543881694514639380.post-859443154419241870</id><published>2017-05-16T10:56:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2017-05-16T10:57:41.962-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="News"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Technology"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="World"/><title type='text'>Report: Google planning to bring its Assistant to the iPhone Google also expected to announce integration of the Assistant into GE appliances.</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://searchengineland.com/figz/wp-content/seloads/2017/03/google-assistant1-1920-800x450.png&quot; image anchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;image border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://searchengineland.com/figz/wp-content/seloads/2017/03/google-assistant1-1920-800x450.png&quot;
39. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
40. Google’s developer conference kicks off tomorrow in Mountain View, Calif. One of the expected announcements, according to a Bloomberg report, is the expansion of AI and the Google Assistant to a range of other devices, including the iPhone:
41.  
42.    At the Google I/O conference this week, the Alphabet Inc. unit plans to bring it to at least three more places: iPhones, coffee tables and kitchens. The Mountain View, California-based company is set to announce a version of its AI-powered assistant for Apple Inc.’s iPhone as soon as Wednesday, according to a person familiar with the matter.
43.  
44. The report says that it will be presented as a “free, standalone app” that can be downloaded from the App Store. It’s not clear whether it will be an update of the Google app or a new app called Google Assistant. The report also says that it will integrate with other Google apps installed on users’ iPhones.
45.  
46. Google’s Photos app will reportedly also be enhanced with more AI capabilities (it already has the Assistant baked in). Google will also enable the creation of physical “coffee table books” through the app.
47.  
48. Perhaps most interesting is the expected integration of the Google Assistant into home appliances made by GE:
49.  
50.    Google is also integrating its Assistant into GE home appliances such as refrigerators, dishwashers, ovens, washers and dryers. Users will be able to ask the Assistant how many cleaning pods are left in the dishwasher, or tell it to pre-heat the oven to 350F, or ask if the laundry is clean.
51.  
52. Samsung is likely to do something similar with its Assistant, Bixby. Bixby may be partly or wholly based on acquisition Viv. The battle for the smart home is well underway.
53.  
54. Last week, AI was also front and center at Microsoft’s developer conference. The company said that AI was being integrated into all of its products, from Office to the XBox.
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62. If the Bloomberg report is accurate (and I presume it is), the Google Assistant will join Cortana in seeking to lure users away from Siri, Apple’s digital assistant. While Siri has a built-in advantage over rivals, literally, Google Assistant on the iPhone puts additional pressure on Apple to improve Siri’s performance.
63.  
64. In a recent Stone Temple Consulting analysis, Google Assistant was found to be the most comprehensive and accurate vs. Alexa, Siri and Cortana.</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/859443154419241870'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/859443154419241870'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aryodanter.blogspot.com/2017/05/report-google-planning-to-bring-its.html' title='Report: Google planning to bring its Assistant to the iPhone Google also expected to announce integration of the Assistant into GE appliances.'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7543881694514639380.post-5325146619263677012</id><published>2017-05-16T10:40:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2017-06-14T09:32:59.181-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="News"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Technology"/><title type='text'>STEM students who learn by example may miss key concepts, study finds</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://3c1703fe8d.site.internapcdn.net/newman/csz/news/800/2017/stemstudents.jpg&quot; image anchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;image border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://3c1703fe8d.site.internapcdn.net/newman/csz/news/800/2017/stemstudents.jpg&quot;
65. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
66. No matter how smart, well-prepared or hard-working, many college students struggle with rigorous introductory science courses because their approach to learning fails to provide a working knowledge of abstract concepts that underlie examples presented in the classroom, suggests new research from Washington University in St. Louis.
67.  
68. "Our results find that individual differences in how learners acquire and represent concepts is a potentially crucial factor in explaining the success or failure of college students learning complex concepts in introductory chemistry courses," said study co-author Regina F. Frey, the Florence E. Moog Professor of STEM Education in Arts & Sciences.
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76. The findings, published online May 12 in the Journal of Chemical Education, are important because they may help to explain why so many aspiring students make an early exit from science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) programs after failing to perform well in tough introductory science courses.
77.  
78. In this study, which included more than 800 students taking chemistry courses over three semesters at a highly competitive research university, about 50 percent of those tested were classified as having difficulty making the leap from example to concept. And that was true of students with similar educational backgrounds and equally high marks in advance placement courses and college entrance exams.
79.  
80. "Every instructor nods when you say students seem to do well when tests present concepts the same way they were addressed in class or in homework, but flounder when the test presents these same concepts in a different context ," said study co-author Mark McDaniel, a professor of Psychological and Brain Sciences at Washington University. "If nothing else, this study should provide teachers with a better understanding of why some of their students may be floundering when it comes to applying a studied concept to a novel situation."
81.  
82. Frey and McDaniel are co-directors of the Center for Integrative Research on Cognition, Learning, and Education (CIRCLE) at Washington University, where they explore how new innovations from learning and memory research can be used to improve classroom education.
83.  
84. Much of their current research focuses on improving student performance in introductory science courses where a primary goal is ensuring that students can use basic concepts to explore problems in new and unknown contexts.
85.  
86. This study suggests there are real and identifiable cognitive differences in how individuals go about building a conceptual framework to explain what's happening in complex scientific scenarios. Understanding those differences and finding ways to deal with them early may be critical to success in science because advanced work requires students to be creative problem solvers, they argue.
87.  
88. The study used a computerized learning assessment to gauge how well students are able to grasp abstract concepts presented as part of a fictional NASA science assignment. The task required learning the functional relation between two new elements associated with a new organism discovered on Mars. The students were asked to determine how much of the fictional element Beros the new organism might excrete after absorbing a certain amount of Zebon.
89.  
90. By using a fictional scenario, the researchers eliminated any advantage a particular student might have based on prior education or experience with a real world science problem, ensuring that the ability to build concepts and apply them was a primary driver of performance in the learning assessment.
91.  
92. The assessment, which could be offered online, provides a way for researchers—and potentially teachers and students—to evaluate whether someone has difficulty building a conceptual framework for understanding the interaction between variables in a complex scientific scenario.
93.  
94. Students who are able to make accurate extrapolation predictions based on the study material were categorized as "abstraction learners." Those who failed to make the leap from the studied examples to the extrapolation test were classified as "exemplar learners."
95.  
96. After the assessment, researchers tracked the performance of all students as they worked their way through one of three semester-long chemistry courses. Abstraction learners consistently outperformed exemplar learners in all three courses. These performance differences grew even more pronounced among students taking the higher level course, Organic Chemistry 2.
97.  
98. "Abstraction learners demonstrated advantages over exemplar learners even after taking into account preparation via ACT scores and prior chemistry performance." Frey said. "Our results suggest that individual differences in how learners acquire and represent concepts persist from laboratory concept learning to learning complex concepts in introductory chemistry courses."
99. <center>
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105. &lt;/script&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/5325146619263677012'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/5325146619263677012'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aryodanter.blogspot.com/2017/05/stem-students-who-learn-by-example-may.html' title='STEM students who learn by example may miss key concepts, study finds'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7543881694514639380.post-2803614957610722668</id><published>2017-05-16T10:25:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2017-06-14T09:55:30.845-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="History"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Mistery"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="News"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="World"/><title type='text'>10 Weirdly Specific Gods Your Mythology Class Left Out</title><content type='html'>The old religions had a lot of gods. We made gods for every single thing we thought might be powerful or important. We saw thunder rolling over the clouds, and we made gods of thunder. We saw the waves of the sea crash into the coastline, and we made gods of water.
106.  
107. But we didn’t stop there. There are other gods that never became quite as popular as Zeus and Poseidon. We’ve made gods for almost everything you can imagine—including some gods you’d never have guessed we needed.
108. <p><b>
109. 10 Cardea The Roman Goddess Of Door Hinges
110. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/10a-cardea-door-hinges-goddess.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/10a-cardea-door-hinges-goddess.jpg"
111. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
112. “Goddess of the hinge!” wrote the Roman writer Ovid, praising the great deity Cardea. “She opens the closed, by her power, closes the open.”
113.  
114. The goddess Cardea, ruler over all things hinged and upon doors, isn’t particularly popular today, but she was a big part of the Roman religion. She wasn’t just a minor deity or luck charm; she was part of the Roman pantheon of gods, complete with her own mythological backstory.
115.  
116. Like most Roman stories, her story begins with the god Janus trying to have sex with somebody. He targeted Cardea, who wasn’t into it, so she told him that she would meet him in a cave. Then she used magical vanishing powers and tried to run away.
117.  
118. It didn’t work. Janus found her, and then—well, you don’t really want to know what happened next. Let’s just say that Roman myths have a tendency not to turn out well for women.
119.  
120. When he was done with her, Janus declared, “In return for our dalliance, be thine the control of hinges.” Then he gave her a magical hawthorn branch that repelled evil and declared that people must eat beans and pork in her honor every June 1—which, apparently, the Romans believed was the best way to make a woman feel special.
121. <p><b>
122. 9 Saehrimnir The Norse Pig Of Eternal Bacon
123. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/9-Saehr%C3%ADmnir.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/9-Saehr%C3%ADmnir.jpg"
124. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
125. As it is written in the old Norse Poetic Edda: “Saehrimnir, the boar, is boiled! The best of bacons!”
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133. The Norse knew that no religion was complete without divine bacon. After all, they couldn’t worship gods who settled for the garbage we mortals eat. The gods needed divine food—and that’s where Saehrimnir comes in. Saehrimnir is the best-tasting pig in the universe—and the one that happens to have the worst life.
134.  
135. Every night, the Norse gods boil Saehrimnir’s flesh and eat him. The poor pig is awoken every night by the return of a group of drunken Vikings, who dump him into a vat of boiling water and hold a big feast. He has to put up with the entire pantheon of Norse gods ripping off his body parts until they’re full.
136.  
137. Then, in the morning, he comes back to life and gets killed again. It’s a horrible life. But in the world of the Vikings, that’s the price you pay for being delicious.
138.  
139. <p><b>
140. 8 Matshishkapeu The Innu Spirit Of Farts
141. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/8-the-innu.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/8-the-innu.jpg"
142. width="150" height="150"/></a></div>
143. According to the traditional beliefs of the Native American Innu people, spirits speak to the living. Some talk through drums. Others come to us in dreams. And one of them, Matshishkapeu, speaks to us through farts.
144.  
145. Matshishkapeu, the Innu said, spoke to them “with great frequency”—especially when men were alone without women. Every fart, they believed, was Matshishkapeu giving them a message.
146.  
147. A sudden fart required immediate translation. If someone let one slip, an elder would have to rush over to let everyone know what the fart sounded like. Sometimes, though, that was easier said than done.
148.  
149. “Matshishkapeu’s utterances are usually cryptic,” one Innu hunter said. “You have to concentrate hard in order to understand what is being said.”
150.  
151. 7 Xochipilli The Aztec God Of Gay Prostitutes
152. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/7-Xochipilli.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/7-Xochipilli.jpg"
153. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
154. A lot of religions have gods of homosexuality, but the Aztecs got a bit more specific. It wasn’t enough for them to have a god of gay men; they needed a god for the gay men who have sex for money. And so Xochipilli came to be.
155.  
156. Xochipilli was more than just the god of gigolos—he was actually multipurpose. He was also called The Prince of Flowers. “Flowers,” though, doesn’t seem to have meant roses or daisies. Instead, it meant flowers that could get you high.
157.  
158. His statues were covered with psychoactive flowers and mushrooms. The statues also showed him with a facial expression that made it clear that he was absolutely blasted out of his mind.
159.  
160. This means that he wasn’t just the god of gay prostitutes—he was the god of hallucinogens, too.
161. <p><b>
162. 6 The Global Pantheon Of Poop Gods
163. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/6a-Coins-venus-cloacina.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/6a-Coins-venus-cloacina.jpg"
164. width="150" height="150"/></a></div>
165. There were gods of poop, too. But there were so many that it’s hard to narrow it down to a single religion. Japan probably went the furthest with it—they made a whole pantheon of poop gods and spirits.
166.  
167. But they weren’t the only ones. The Chinese had Zigu, the goddess of poop. Women could leave an image of Zigu by the toilet, and in return for their devotion, she would answer their questions.
168.  
169. The Babylonians had Shed Bet ha-Kise, a vengeful toilet god who cursed anyone who had sex near a toilet by giving them epilepsy. And the Romans actually had two such gods. They had Sterquilinus, an ordinary god of manure, and Cloacina, the goddess of the sewer system.
170. <p><b>
171. 5 Sapona The Yoruban God Of Smallpox
172. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/5-Sapona.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/5-Sapona.jpg"
173. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
174. The Yoruba people of West Africa believed in Sapona, the god of smallpox. Toward the end of the 19th century, Sapona had a whole cult worshiping him. But they were much happier about what he did than they should have been.
175.  
176. Sapona’s cult extorted money from people by threatening to curse them. If someone didn’t pay up, cult members went over to that person’s house and scraped smallpox scabs on the person. Alternatively, the cult powdered the scabs and rubbed them all over the person’s windows.
177.  
178. When doctors began to vaccinate people against the disease, the cult of Sapona saw it as their divine duty to stop the vaccinations. They threatened people and ran active campaigns to keep smallpox alive. Until the cult was taken down, they started a lot of major epidemics.
179. <p><b>
180. 4 Terminus The Roman God Of Mileposts
181. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/4-terminus.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/4-terminus.jpg"
182. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
183. Terminus was one of the very first gods created by the Romans. He was the god of landmarks and of the stones placed by Romans on boundary lines—and he was not to be crossed.
184.  
185. His stones were called termini, and if you moved one, you were in trouble. The moment you pushed a terminus out of place, every person in Rome had the legal right to hunt you down and murder you.
186.  
187. Simply dying, though, was a lucky fate for someone who angered Terminus. The inscriptions on his stones promised something even worse: “Whosoever shall take away this, or shall order it to be taken away, may he die the last of his family.”
188. 3 Tlazolteotl The Aztec Goddess Of Eating Dirt
189. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/3-Tlazolteotl.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/3-Tlazolteotl.jpg"
190. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
191. In artwork, Tlazolteotl is usually depicted with brown around her mouth. She is, after all, the divine dirt eater of the Aztec gods. That “dirt,” though, wasn’t stuff that you found on the ground; it was a euphemism. Tlazolteotl was the eater of divine excrement.
192.  
193. There’s an explanation for this one that actually makes a lot more sense than you’d expect. Tlazolteotl, the Aztecs believed, was the divine being who ate all waste. That included the decaying bodies of the dead, fruit, vegetables, and yes, excrement. She was the goddess of decomposition. Still, it’s a little weird that the Aztecs worshiped a goddess who spent her time eating feces.
194.  
195. She had a second job that makes things a bit better. In what might have been a rare stroke of Aztec generosity, they also made her the goddess of steam baths—which she probably could have used after all that.
196. <p><b>
197. 2 Kalfu The Haitian God Of Intersections
198. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/2-kalfu.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/2-kalfu.jpg"
199. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
200. “God of Intersections” sounds kind of cheesy, but Kalfu is actually a terrifying god. He is the Haitian Vodou (aka Voodoo) equivalent of Satan. Although he technically rules over intersections, it’s in more of a “devil at the crossroads” kind of way than a “wait for the green light to go” kind of way.
201.  
202. Kalfu is a red, demonic beast who drinks rum infused with gunpowder to pass the time. He controls the evil forces of the spirit world and the malevolent spirits of the night. He’s a demonic creature who possesses people and controls the passage of spirits into the real world.
203.  
204. All that responsibility for an intersections god makes Vodou unique. When the Haitians were looking for their most powerful gods, they didn’t look to the Sun, the Moon, the Earth, or the sea. They looked at the intersections.
205. <p><b>
206. 1 The Unknown God The Greek God Of Miscellany
207. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/1a-flock-of-sheep-herded-pasture-177127254.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/1a-flock-of-sheep-herded-pasture-177127254.jpg"
208. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
209. To make sure that they didn’t leave anything out, the Greeks came up with one extra god: The Unknown God, or the god of everything they forgot to mention. This was a sort of placeholder god who was used for everything they hadn’t thought up yet.
210.  
211. They started worshiping the unknown god after Athens was hit by a plague. No matter how many animals they ritually slaughtered, the plague didn’t go away—and ritually slaughtering animals was all they knew how to do.
212. <center>
213. <div>
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219. So the Greeks tried something a bit different. They sent a flock of sheep into a field, made an altar to all the miscellaneous, unspecific gods, and slaughtered the sheep, hoping that this act would appease whichever god they’d never heard of.</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/2803614957610722668'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/2803614957610722668'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aryodanter.blogspot.com/2017/05/10-weirdly-specific-gods-your-mythology.html' title='10 Weirdly Specific Gods Your Mythology Class Left Out'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7543881694514639380.post-5707787547158303624</id><published>2017-05-12T10:07:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2017-05-12T10:07:04.190-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Mistery"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="News"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Technology"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="World"/><title type='text'>10 Moons Humans Could Colonize</title><content type='html'>When we talk about human colonies being established in space, many of us probably think of Mars, and with good reason. We’ve been fascinated with the red planet for thousands of years, and both NASA and several private companies are making serious attempts to colonize it within decades.
220.  
221. However, there a<center>
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227. </script></div>e several moons throughout the solar system that are seemingly well-suited for us to set up colonies, and with signs of liquid water being present on some of them, we may find life is already there, albeit in microbe form. Whether they could host a small permanent base to launch further missions or a full-fledged colonized society, here are ten moons that human beings may very well call home in the future.
228. <p><b>
229. 10 Europa
230. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Europa.png?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Europa.png?w=632"
231. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
232. Not only is there a good chance that humans would be able to live on Europa, but it’s also possible that life may already exist there. One of Jupiter’s many moons, Europa has a thick icy crust, but a vast ocean is believed to be underneath it. It also has a rocky inner core, which could help to produce the correct environment to support alien life, be it simple microbes or more advanced living creatures.
233.  
234. Studies of the expected ocean and how it cycles oxygen and hydrogen will be a good indicator for the real chances of life on Europa as well as how real the possibility of humans being able to colonize it actually are. NASA hopes to determine whether the water reacts with the rocky core of the moon and then see if this reaction creates both heat and hydrogen, as the process does here on Earth. The study of oxidants in the icy crust will be an indicator of the amount of oxygen produced and how much of it is “pushed” into the ocean below.
235.  
236. It is thought that NASA will have studied Europa much more closely by 2025, which will be the only way to determine if their theories can work in reality. Closer study may also uncover the presence of active volcanoes under the icy surface, which would increase the chances of life on the moon. Such volcanoes would send water laced with vital minerals into the ocean.
237.  
238. When NASA does manage to get a closer look at Europa, they will carry out a variety of research to help give them a better idea of what lies beneath the thick layer of ice on its surface. Magnetic sounding should provide scientists with readings that will give them an indicator of how thick the ice is while also providing information on the depth of the ocean itself. Even the “saltiness” of the water should be determined from this operation. They will also use radar technology to penetrate the thick surface ice, which should ultimately disclose any structures that may lie beneath.
239. <p><b>
240. 9 Titan
241. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Titan.png?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Titan.png?w=632"
242. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
243. Although it’s in the outer solar system, Saturn’s moon Titan is probably one of the more favorable places for humans and one that many people believe we should be looking to colonize in the future.
244.  
245. Humans would still require breathing apparatuses, as the atmosphere is unbreathable to us, but there would be no need to wear pressurized space suits. There would, however, be a need to wear protective clothing due to the severely cold temperatures, which average –179 degrees Celsius (–290 degrees °F). The gravity there would be slightly less than the gravity of our Moon, which would make walking a “clumsy” activity, whereas traveling through the air in simple vehicles powered by nothing more than humans themselves would be relatively simple.
246.  
247. Food production would also have to be aided by artificial light, since Titan only receives between 1/300th and 1/1000th the amount of light that Earth does, depending on the amount of cloud cover. Incidentally, the clouds Titan, of which there are plenty, offer further protection from the elements. Although there is no water on Titan, the celestial body does contain liquid methane, which has even led some scientists to theorize that life may be found there that is based on methane as opposed to water.
248.  
249. There would be plenty to explore on Titan if humans ever make it there. There are numerous methane lakes and rivers as well as vast mountains, not to mention the fact that Titan is a relatively short distance from Saturn itself. The planet would be permanently visible (depending on clouds) and would fill around a third of the sky.
250. <p><b>
251. 8 Miranda
252. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Miranda.png?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Miranda.png?w=632"
253. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
254. Although Titania is the largest of Uranus’s moons, Miranda, the smallest of the planet’s five large moons, may prove to be a better place to set up a colony. Several of the fault cliffs of Miranda are extremely deep, in some cases nearly 12 times as deep as the Grand Canyon here on Earth. These could offer ideal places to land and set up a “base” that is protected somewhat from the outer elements, which would included charged, radioactive particles produced by Uranus’s magnetosphere. Miranda also has no atmosphere to provide any protection from these particles.
255.  
256. Ice exists on Miranda in abundance; astronomers and researchers estimate it to be half of the moon’s overall composition. Like Europa, there is a possibility that liquid water may exist under this ice, something that is not likely to be known for sure until it is studied at a much closer distance than we’ve currently managed. Liquid water would indicate significant geological activity under the surface, as Miranda is much too far away from the Sun for its heat to keep the water in a liquid state. Although it is only a theory (and not a very probable one at that), it may be that Miranda’s close proximity to Uranus and the consequent tidal forces are enough to trigger this geological activity.
257.  
258. Liquid water or not, if a human colony is ever set up on Miranda, the moon’s very low gravity would mean that any researches who fall from any of the large cliffs and into the deep canyons would take minutes to reach the bottom. The descent would be so much slower than here on Earth that such falls probably wouldn’t be fatal.
259. <p><b>
260. 7 Enceladus
261. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Enceladus.png?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Enceladus.png?w=632"
262. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
263. According to some researchers, not only would Enceladus, one of Saturn’s main moons, be a good place to set up a colony and observe the ringed planet, but it might also be the place most likely to already support life.
264.  
265. Enceladus is covered in ice, but it has been observed spewing ice particles high into space from geyser-like jets. Samples have been collected and analyzed by the Cassini spacecraft, which detected liquid water, nitrogen and organic carbon. These elements, as well as the energy source that sent them out into space in the first place, are essentially the “building blocks” of life. The next step now for scientists is to discover if more complex organisms are hidden beneath the icy surface. The results from initial testing of the contents of the plumes have made Enceladus more attractive to scientists.
266.  
267. It is theorized that the best location to set up a base on the ice world would be close to where the plumes originated—huge cracks on the surface of the ice at its south pole. The are known as Enceladus’s “tiger stripes.” The heat produced in this region is roughly equivalent to 20 coal-fired power stations and could be utilized by potential colonists as a heat source.
268.  
269. There would be plenty of craters and ridges to explore and potentially be utilized as bases as well, but the moon’s atmosphere is very thin at best, as is its gravity, which would make moving around quite difficult.
270. <p><b>
271. 6 Charon
272. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Charon.png?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Charon.png?w=632"
273. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
274. As NASA’s New Horizons space probe made its way to Pluto, it also sent back amazing images of the dwarf planet’s largest moon, Charon. These images sparked a debate among scientists as to whether or not geological activity is present, due to surface of Charon (and Pluto) appearing to be much younger than scientists had predicted.
275.  
276. Although there are cracks on Charon’s surface, it seems to be relatively free of asteroid markings and craters, which according to the New Horizons research team, could suggest that Charon is an active world. The cracks themselves are similar to the lava tubes found on our Moon and would be perfect for setting up a human research base or colony.
277.  
278. It is thought that Charon has a very thin atmosphere, which would be a further indicator of geological activity if it is proven to be coming from within the moon itself.
279. <p><b>
280. 5 Mimas
281. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Mimas.png?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Mimas.png?w=632"
282. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
283. Known as the “Death Star” moon, Saturn’s icy, rocky moon Mimas may have an ocean beneath its otherwise unwelcoming surface, which may in fact be suitable for life. Examination of the Cassini footage by scientists revealed that Mimas appeared to rock back and forth as it went around on its orbit. This could suggest activity beneath its surface.
284.  
285. Although scientists were very cautious with their findings, noting that there hadn’t been any other signs of geological activity, they stated if an ocean was discovered, the moon should certainly be considered a possibility for colonization. It’s estimated the possible ocean would be around 24 to 29 kilometers (15–18 mi) beneath the surface.
286.  
287. Should the rocking motion prove not to be the result of liquid water under the surface, then it is most likely to be the result of a misshapen core, possibly due to the immense gravitational pull of Saturn’s rings. As there are no further outward signs of activity under the surface, the only way to find out for sure would be to land on the moon and conduct research on the surface temperature and take measurements of its gravity field.
288. <p><b>
289. 4 Triton
290. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Triton.png?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Triton.png?w=632"
291. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
292. Images and data sent back from the Voyager 2 spacecraft in August 1989 showed that the surface of Neptune’s largest moon, Triton, was made up of rock and nitrogen ice. It also raised the possibility that there was activity under the surface which might suggest the presence of liquid water.
293.  
294. While Triton has an atmosphere, it is so thin that it would be virtually nonexistent to anyone on the surface. Not that you would be able to step outside without some very heavy-duty protective clothing, anyway. Triton has an average temperature of –235 degrees Celsius (–391 °F;), which makes it the coldest body in the known universe.
295.  
296. Triton would be a place of interest for scientists to visit and, technology permitting, set up a permanent base on, and it certainly has enough quirks to warrant close study:
297.  
298. Areas on Triton’s surface appear to reflect light as if they’re made of something hard and smooth like metal. It is widely accepted that these areas are the result of dust, nitrogen gas, and possibly water spewed from within the surface of the moon before then being distributed by the super-thin atmosphere and freezing on the surface to the appearance of smooth ice. It is not known how deadly these releases would be to the environment or to humans.
299.  
300. It also doesn’t appear that Triton formed at the same time and from the same material as its planet, which is relatively strange, given its size. It seems to have formed elsewhere in space, and while roaming the universe, was “captured” by Neptune. The strange moon also orbits its host in the opposite direction to the planet. Triton is the only known moon in the solar system to do this.
301. <p><b>
302. 3 Ganymede
303. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Ganymede.png?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Ganymede.png?w=632"
304. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
305.  
306. Ganymede is Jupiter’s largest moon, and like other celestial bodies in our solar system, with the improvement of technology improves has come the suspicion that liquid water exists under its surface. Compared to other ice-covered moons, Ganymede’s surface is thought to be relatively thin and therefore should be easier to penetrate.
307.  
308. Ganymede is also the only moon in the solar system to have its own magnetic field. This gives the moon auroras similar to the ones on Earth. The fact that these auroras don’t appear to move in any great way indicates to scientists there is an ocean under the surface. Ganymede also has a thin oxygen atmosphere. Although it seems to be too thin for life as we know it to exist, the potential for some form of terraforming exists.
309.  
310. In 2012, the European Space Agency received the go-ahead to launch a mission to explore Ganymede, along with two other of Jupiter’s moons—Callisto and Europa. The mission is scheduled to launch in 2022 and expected to reach Ganymede a decade later. Although all three moons will be of immense interest to researchers, it is believed that Ganymede may very well contain the richest environment for study and potential settlement.
311. <p><b>
312. 2 Callisto
313. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Callisto.png?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Callisto.png?w=632"
314. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
315. Approximately the same size as the planet Mercury, Jupiter’s second largest moon Callisto is another moon that appears to have a vast liquid ocean under its icy surface and consequently great potential for colonization.
316.  
317. The surface of Callisto consists mainly of craters and what are essentially fields of ice. Callisto also has a thin atmosphere made up of carbon dioxide. Research already undertaken suggests that this atmosphere is being replenished by carbon dioxide released from beneath the surface, as it is too thin to remain in place otherwise. Initial data suggests the possibility that oxygen may also be present in the atmosphere, but further testing would be required to confirm this.
318.  
319. As Callisto is at a safe distance from Jupiter, radiation from the planet would be relatively low, while the lack of geological activity makes the environment more stable for potential human colonists, so much so that habitats could feasibly be built on the surface of the moon as opposed to deep underground.
320. <p><b>
321. 1 The Moon
322. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/The-Moon.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/The-Moon.jpg?w=632"
323. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
324. Of course, when all is said and done, the first place in space that will be colonized is likely to be our very own Moon (aka Luna). As well as being a good “dress rehearsal” for missions much further afield, establishing a base on the Moon would serve as a great launching point for missions into deeper space.
325.  
326. A story circulated around many media platforms in March 2016 suggested that scientists predict such a base could very well be established within the next decade. Chris McKay, a NASA astrobiologist, is one person who is very much in favor of making the mission a reality. He believes that other missions to the Moon since Apollo 17 have failed due to them simply being too expensive, but his team’s plan will be a fraction of the cost. He states that this is partly due to new technologies which were designed for use on Earth but will also be very cost-effective in space—such as self-driving cars and waste-recycling toilets.
327.  
328. While NASA’s main focus is to land humans on Mars, McKay believes they will not be able to fulfill that dream before they’ve successfully set up a permanent base on the Moon, stating that it would provide a “blueprint” for missions to the red planet. McKay believes that the fact that other agencies as well as private companies are expressing real interest in, and even have plans for, setting up a base on the Moon will be all the motivation that NASA will need to make the plans happen, if only so they can “establish the rule of law” there.
329. <center>
330. <div>
331. <!-- Info News Blog Communication -->
332. <br />
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335. &lt;/script&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/5707787547158303624'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/5707787547158303624'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aryodanter.blogspot.com/2017/02/10-moons-humans-could-colonize.html' title='10 Moons Humans Could Colonize'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7543881694514639380.post-6362805079105055059</id><published>2017-05-05T11:45:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2017-05-10T10:09:09.961-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="History"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="News"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="World"/><title type='text'>Signs That Other Intelligent Life May Have Already Visited Earth</title><content type='html'>
336. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://img.grunge.com/img/gallery/signs-that-aliens-have-already-visited-earth/-1482352015.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://img.grunge.com/img/gallery/signs-that-aliens-have-already-visited-earth/-1482352015.jpg"
337. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
338. Alien evidence doesn't just come from crackpot conspiracy theorists or re-runs of the X-Files. There are quite a few mysteries in our world that are so beyond explanation, the only reasonable conclusion is "alien visitation."
339. <p><b>
340. 1.Felix Moncla and Robert Wilson's disappearance
341. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://img.grunge.com/img/gallery/signs-that-aliens-have-already-visited-earth/felix-moncla-and-robert-wilsons-disappearance-1482352056.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://img.grunge.com/img/gallery/signs-that-aliens-have-already-visited-earth/felix-moncla-and-robert-wilsons-disappearance-1482352056.jpg"
342. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
343. At the height of Cold War tensions, a large radar contact mysteriously appeared over the Canadian/American border, and slowly made its way North. Fearing this to be a Soviet airplane attack (and probably the slowest airplane attack ever), Kinross AFB in Michigan dispatched a F-89 Scorpion interceptor to investigate. The airplane was crewed by Felix Moncla and Robert Wilson, which would prove the last time anybody would ever see them.
344. <div>
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349. </script></div>
350. Eager radar operators watched the small dot of the F-89 close on the mysterious contact. When the crew was over Lake Superior, the two dots merged and suddenly vanished. Search parties launched immediately and combed the Lake to try to find the airplane, with no luck. The F-89 was gone, taking its two pilots with it.
351. <div>
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357. Immediately, the US Air Force issued statements. At first, they said that the fighter had been chasing a misidentified Canadian airplane and crashed for unknown reasons during the intercept. But that seems odd to UFO investigators, since the Canadian airplane would've filed a report of their flight plan, and the Air Force would've known the plane was in the air. The USAF later retracted their statement, now claiming that Moncla had experienced vertigo and crashed into Lake Superior. That still didn't explain why the SAR teams couldn't find the airplane, especially since Lake Superior was covered in ice. An airplane-shaped hole in the ice should have been easy to spot.
358.  
359. None of the official explanations stuck — to this day, nobody knows exactly what happened that night. All we know is that the F-89 disappeared into thin air while chasing a mysterious radar contact. What happened after that is anybody's guess. The hapless F-89 could
360. be anywhere in the universe.
361. <p><b>
362. 2.Val Johnson's cop car In the 1970s
363. <p><center>
364. <a href="<iframe
365. width="150" height="150" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/iMLom8BdeB4" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>"></a>
366. Minnesota was a hotbed of UFO activity, but none of the incidents were as strange and compelling as what happened to Sheriff Val Johnson. On August 26, 1979, Johnson was travelling the dark country roads on patrol, when he saw a light in the distance. Johnson describes the light as being a few inches in diameter and hovering above the ground.
367.  
368. As Johnson was staring at the light, it suddenly came at him and engulfed the car. Johnson described it as being hit by a 200-pound pillow (whatever that means). The cop car skidded off the road, and the sheriff lost consciousness. Minutes later, Johnson woke up, finding himself in a ditch by the side of the road. When he called for backup, Johnson realized that his watch had stopped for fourteen minutes. Backup arrived, but were unable to find the mysterious light.
369. <div>
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375. What makes this case so shocking is that it left physical evidence. Doctors examining Johnson treated him for burns around his eyes, much like welders get from being exposed to intense UV light. The car itself was wrecked, and a cracked windshield shows exactly where the thing hit the car, and the radio antennas are bent back at angles. Whatever hit Johnson certainly left its mark.
376.  
377. The story's so bizarre, it makes it hard to accept any other explanation besides aliens. Johnson's story is so interesting, it even inspired elements of Fargo's second season. The best part of it all? You can actually see Johnson's car for yourself, in a small museum in Warren, Minnesota. With a population of 1,500, the residents of Warren probably wouldn't mind the tourist money.
378. <p><b>
379. 3.The Valentich disappearance
380. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://img.grunge.com/img/gallery/signs-that-aliens-have-already-visited-earth/the-valentich-disappearance-1482352056.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://img.grunge.com/img/gallery/signs-that-aliens-have-already-visited-earth/the-valentich-disappearance-1482352056.jpg"
381. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
382. Ready for a creepy story? Once, an experienced pilot named Fred Valentich was flying over Australia's Bass Strait, when he saw something. We, in fact, have his last words on record, as he called the Melbourne Air Flight Service after seeing something odd above him. The pilot calls in and asks if there's any other "traffic" in the area. After being told there is none, he reports seeing a large aircraft passing over him. He says it's going incredibly fast, "playing some sort of game." He says he can't confirm what exactly it is and, shortly before he disappeared, said, "It's not an aircraft. It is –" before cutting off abruptly. He then said it's a flying ship that eventually began orbiting above him. His last words were, "It is hovering, and it's not an aircraft." After that, he was never heard from again.
383.  
384. Now, of course, there are some out there eager to debunk it, claiming that what the pilot saw was merely the bright light of Venus. Their idea goes that he saw a bunch of stars and then hallucinated a space ship between them, because apparently that's what happens when you look at Venus. You know, we've heard of Venus being used as the explanation for aliens before. The documentary Men In Black described the phenomenon best of all.
385.  
386. So, yes, there's a chance that this was actually an experienced pilot seeing some stars, and then literally imagining a spacecraft in between them, before somehow mysteriously disappearing without a trace and … okay, you know what? In this case, "aliens" is the less ridiculous explanation.
387. <p><b>
388. 4.Beltz Mystery Sphere
389. <P><center>
390. <iframe
391. width="150" height="150" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Zy58jZHIO50" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
392. Now, let's talk about some actual alien technology (probably). It's called the Beltz Mystery Sphere and, well, that's a great name for it, actually. It was found by Terry Beltz and his family — they were looking through an area of woodlands that had just been ravaged by a fire, when they found a small smooth sphere, with an elongated V on it. After examining it, the Beltz family thought it might have been part of a fallen satellite, because — c'mon — it's obviously from out of this world.
393. <div>
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398. </script></div>
399. It wasn't until later, when Terry was playing a guitar, that it started "vibrat[ing] like a tuning fork." After that, Terry decided to do some experiments with it. The sphere made his dog whimper, vibrated differently due to weather, had a magnetic spot on it, and when you rolled it away, it would stop, turn, and come back to you.
400.  
401. Just to be clear, this isn't some little thing that the family told a few people about. The New York Times covered it, and the Marines and NASA both contacted the family. It was even taken to a convention, where scientists could get a closer look at it. Here's the weirdest part of the story: it doesn't have a good conclusion. No one knows where the sphere is now, or what it was. Although one of the scientists who examined it did warn against attempting to open it. He said he inspected it and said that it had elements inside it that, if the case were broken would, explode like an atomic bomb.
402.  
403. And we don't know where this thing is? Well, that's just ducky. Aliens drop a nuclear bomb on us and we straight-up lose it. That's so us.
404. <p><b>
405. 5.Alien pipes of China
406. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://img.grunge.com/img/gallery/signs-that-aliens-have-already-visited-earth/alien-pipes-of-china-1482352056.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://img.grunge.com/img/gallery/signs-that-aliens-have-already-visited-earth/alien-pipes-of-china-1482352056.jpg"
407. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
408. In China, there are caves filled with pipes that run under lake beds. Some are huge, some are small, all are old, and none of them were made by humans. Or, at least, none that we know.
409.  
410. See, they were made around 150,000 years ago, which is slightly longer than we can actually think about. Humans weren't supposed to be smelting metal into other things back then. Humans were barely supposed to be doing anything back then. If they could smlet pipes, that would contradict every single thing we know about humans. It'd be like finding out Jesus had an iPod, except no, because this is still about 148,000 years before Jesus.
411.  
412. One of the weirder things about the pipes is that the area where they were found isn't a place that humans have traditionally lived, like, ever. These pipes, which seemed to have been used to transport water, are in a remote region that no one historically lived in, except for apparently aliens at some point.
413. <p><b>
414. 6.Ancient airplane models
415. <p><center>
416. <a href="<iframe
417. width="150" height="150" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/7LdOioSt6vc" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>"></a>
418. Imagine living back in the ancient world and aliens landed in your city. It would completely shake the world view of the civilization. For years, depictions of the event would appear in art, literature and myths. If aliens have already landed, we would certainly find evidence of them in artifacts. Well, some alien conspirators believe we already have.
419.  
420. In pre-Columbian America, there was a complex civilization known as the Quimbaya. While digging for nearby artifacts, archeologists began discovering weird golden figurines that appeared to depict non-existent animals. Actually, they looked more like modern fighter planes, complete with wings, tail surfaces, and fuselages. Amazingly, these models are aerodynamically sound. A German research group built a scale model of one of the figurines, and discovered that it flew. Somehow, this super-ancient civilization seemed to have known the principles of flight.
421.  
422. That's pretty strange, but it's not the only example of ancient airplanes. A figure discovered in Egypt follows similar elements to the Quimbaya figurines. It seems to depict a bird, but the wings seem more like a glider, and the tail isn't a normal bird tail, but rather looks like a vertical stabilizer. Like the Quimbaya figures, this one also showed aerodynamic stability when a scale model was built. Shockingly, it was dated to about the same time as the Quimbaya figures, roughly 2000 years ago.
423.  
424. What's going on here? Two different civilizations a world apart depicted airplanes thousands of years before they were invented. Clearly, they're basing their models off of something they saw. Since the idea of an ancient, worldwide air force is fairly absurd, they figurines remain unexplainable. Alien believers have an explanation, though: these are what ancient alien ships looked like.
425. <p><b>
426. 7.Ancient aluminum
427. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://img.grunge.com/img/gallery/signs-that-aliens-have-already-visited-earth/ancient-aluminum-1482352056.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://img.grunge.com/img/gallery/signs-that-aliens-have-already-visited-earth/ancient-aluminum-1482352056.jpg"width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
428. Besides being one of the funniest words to get a British person to say, aluminum is one of our most important materials. It's used in all manner of transportation — from cars to boats to planes. It's the primary ingredient in our soda cans, windows, and street lights. It's our baseball bats and forks, it's our CPUs and rocket fuel. It's one of our most used elements.
429.  
430. One thing you might've noticed about that list is that it's comprised almost entirely of objects from rather modern times. That's because aluminum is a pretty modern thing. Oh, except for this ancient aluminum we found in Romania. It's about 250,000 years old and is a form of metallic aluminum that's been quite obviously shaped, and — perhaps even more astonishingly — is made out of many different elements.
431.  
432. That last factoid is messing with researchers hardcore. If it was just one hundred percent something, the argument could be made it was naturally formed, but no — down to the design of it, which experts say suggests it was made as part of a complex machine — this item seems to be from … somewhere else.
433. <p><b>
434. 8.Statues depicting ancient astronauts
435. <p><center>
436. <a href="<iframe width="150" height="150" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/MuVp084zpWY" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>"></a>
437. Like the ancient airplane models from earlier, mysterious statues from world civilizations have provided evidence that aliens might have visit Earth in ancient times. The two most important examples are the dogu figurines in Japan, and the Ubaid Lizardmen.
438.  
439. The dogu figurines come from ancient Jomon culture, which thrived on Japan as far back as 14,000 BC. They developed some of the earliest forms of pottery and made tons of clay projects, including some baffling dogu figurines. The dogu usually depicted animals and people, but many had huge exaggerated eyes, which made them look like spacemen wearing goggles. Nobody can explain why the Jomon made these figures. They were clearly depicting something, but archeologists can not explain what they were trying to depict.
440.  
441. In the Middle East, other mysterious figures have showed up, created by the Ubaid people in Iraq. The Jomon figures may look relatively human, but the Ubiad figures do not. Instead, they look like people with lizard heads. Many of these lizardmen statues exist, each one showing a similar creature: body of a man, head of a lizard. Creepily, some figures depict a lizard woman breastfeeding her lizard offspring.
442.  
443. What are these figures supposed to represent? Are they some sort of religious image, or something else? Archeologists are as stumped as we are. None of them want to come out and say "aliens," but the fact that ancient cultures are depicting goggled humanoids and lizardmen does make it seem like something spacey has visited us in the past.
444. <p><b>
445. 9.Ancient UFOs in paintings
446. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://img.grunge.com/img/gallery/signs-that-aliens-have-already-visited-earth/ancient-ufos-in-paintings-1482352057.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://img.grunge.com/img/gallery/signs-that-aliens-have-already-visited-earth/ancient-ufos-in-paintings-1482352057.jpg"
447. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
448. UFOs have appeared in dozens of shows, movies, and cartoons over the years, ranging all the way back to the incident at Roswell. Except, they actually go back even further than that.
449.  
450. See, UFOs have been showing up in our art for a long, long time. There are even Native American cave paintings depicting spaceship and what appear to be spacesuit-wearing creatures coming from them. Oh, and African cave paintings. And Australian cave paintings. And Tanzian. Cultures all around the globe, from the beginning of art on, have been depicting UFOs in their paintings.
451.  
452. Even a good portion of Christian art has UFOs in it. Don't believe us? Check out Bonaventura Salimbeni's The Glorification of the Eucharist. Yep, that's right — some of our best depictions of UFOs are in paintings hung in galleries that'd put many of us to sleep. The real X-Files stuff isn't in Area 51, it's in The Louvre.
453.  
454. </content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/6362805079105055059'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/6362805079105055059'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aryodanter.blogspot.com/2017/05/signs-that-other-intelligent-life-may.html' title='Signs That Other Intelligent Life May Have Already Visited Earth'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://img.youtube.com/vi/Zy58jZHIO50/default.jpg" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7543881694514639380.post-354051216564096653</id><published>2017-05-05T11:42:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2017-05-10T09:36:02.654-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="History"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="News"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="World"/><title type='text'>The untold truth of Bill Gates</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;
455. 1.You'd think that we'd know every detail of the life of the richest man in the world
456. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://img.grunge.com/img/gallery/the-untold-truth-of-bill-gates/-1489508252.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://img.grunge.com/img/gallery/the-untold-truth-of-bill-gates/-1489508252.jpg"
457. width="150" height="150"/></a></div>
458. You'd think that we'd know every detail of the life of the richest man in the world, especially since he's been number one on the Forbes list 17 out of the last 22 years. But Bill Gates doesn't get a ton of attention. There've been two movies about Steve Jobs and a dissection of everything Apple, but the founder of Microsoft tends to keep a fairly low profile. So, get to know a little bit about the world's most famous college dropout billionaire.
459.  
460. <p><b>
461. 2.Harvard was a lot harder than he thought it would be
462. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://img.grunge.com/img/gallery/the-untold-truth-of-bill-gates/harvard-was-a-lot-harder-than-he-thought-it-would-be-1489508252.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://img.grunge.com/img/gallery/the-untold-truth-of-bill-gates/harvard-was-a-lot-harder-than-he-thought-it-would-be-1489508252.jpg"
463. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
464. It clearly takes brains to become a billionaire, unless your name rhymes with Fronald Frump. Bill Gates always knew he was much smarter than average Seattle youngster. So, in high school, he'd show off his smarts, undoubtedly to impress the ladies. Classes were a breeze, and when he got into Harvard, he figured he'd waltz right through the Ivy League school like a badass nerd genius.
465.  
466. Unbeknownst to him, Harvard was hard. It's practically in the name. He got a B in his first theoretical math class, a completely new experience. So Gates changed his major from theoretical math to applied math after his horrible defeat. But a one-time B was far from his last failure.
467.  
468. <p><b>
469. 3.Before Microsoft, he had a company called Traf-O-Data that was a complete failure
470. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://img.grunge.com/img/gallery/the-untold-truth-of-bill-gates/before-microsoft-he-had-a-company-called-traf-o-data-that-was-a-complete-failure-1489508252.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://img.grunge.com/img/gallery/the-untold-truth-of-bill-gates/before-microsoft-he-had-a-company-called-traf-o-data-that-was-a-complete-failure-1489508252.jpg"
471. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
472. Eventual co-owner of Microsoft Paul Allen met Gates in high school. One summer, when Allen was back in Seattle from college and Gates was a high school senior, they started a business. You know, just normal teenage boy shenanigans.
473.  
474. They created a minicomputer to track the flow of traffic. Though that sounds incredibly boring, it could be very useful to cities wanting to know where to place new traffic signals or stop signs or make road alterations or repairs. Gates came up with the name "Traf-O-Data," like it was some kind of horrible date-based candy. Gates and Allen had a working prototype two years and $1,500 later.
475.  
476. <div>
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482. Unfortunately for the Data duo, nobody cared. They did no market research, so they didn't realize that getting the local government to invest money in anything is a real pain. In Newsweek, Paul Allen said, "We had virtually no customers." After six years of trying, Traf-O-Data lost $3,494 and put away their traffic files forever. Obviously, that didn't stop the pair, and they went on to create Microsoft, probably to get revenge on those who didn't appreciate their traffic ideas.
483.  
484. <p><b>
485. 4.He was arrested in New Mexico
486. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://img.grunge.com/img/gallery/the-untold-truth-of-bill-gates/he-was-arrested-in-new-mexico-1489508252.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://img.grunge.com/img/gallery/the-untold-truth-of-bill-gates/he-was-arrested-in-new-mexico-1489508252.jpg"
487. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
488. Generally, Gates doesn't seem like a guy with a long rap sheet. But looks can be deceiving.
489.  
490. In 1977, Gates was arrested in New Mexico, though his exact crime wasn't recorded. Could it be some kind of computer/drug smuggling scheme? No: it was a traffic violation, and they just didn't record what specific error led to his arrest. Though the details are sketchy, it definitely happened, and Albuquerque has the smiling mug shot to prove it. It's doubtful that DUI was to blame, since few drunks can look so clean cut and wholesome while the cops are documenting their crimes.
491. <p><b>
492. 5.Said "no one is getting rich" making software in 1980
493. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://img.grunge.com/img/gallery/the-untold-truth-of-bill-gates/said-no-one-is-getting-rich-making-software-in-1980-1489508252.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://img.grunge.com/img/gallery/the-untold-truth-of-bill-gates/said-no-one-is-getting-rich-making-software-in-1980-1489508252.jpg"
494. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
495. In 1976, Gates wrote an "Open Letter to Hobbyists," to discourage computer hobbyists from using his software without paying. The technology was so new it wasn't clearly covered under copyright law. Gates was adamant that the "share and share alike" culture of early computer fiends would discourage programmers from bothering to make new software if they knew it would only be stolen.
496.  
497. Gates thought the letter would be the end of it, since open letters asking people to start paying for stuff they can get for free are usually very effective. But copyright law remained cloudy. In 1979, a federal court ruled that one company selling an exact copy of another company's computer chess game was not a violation of the law. By 1980, Gates had to speak out again about unlicensed software usage. In an interview with 80 Microcomputing Magazine, the hottest of all microcomputing magazines of 1980, Gates detailed the importance of software copyright and made this incredibly unprecient statement:
498.  
499. "There's nobody getting rich writing software that I know of."
500.  
501. This was true at the time, and with the licensing issues and completely uncharted territory of the software world, Gates had no reason to think he'd wind up the richest man in the world. Still, that's a quote that probably won't end up on a lot of inspirational Facebook memes.
502. <p><b>
503. 6.Gates was critical of Paul Allen's efforts when Allen was sick with cancer
504. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://img.grunge.com/img/gallery/the-untold-truth-of-bill-gates/gates-was-critical-of-paul-allens-efforts-when-allen-was-sick-with-cancer-1489508252.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://img.grunge.com/img/gallery/the-untold-truth-of-bill-gates/gates-was-critical-of-paul-allens-efforts-when-allen-was-sick-with-cancer-1489508252.jpg"
505. width="150" height="150"/></a></div>
506. Gates and Allen had a long relationship of working together. After the Traf-O-Data failure, the two pressed on, working feverishly to create software needed for the upcoming computer world. Since Gates named Traf-O-Data, Allen thought it best to take over the naming of any future endeavors, and he came up with the now legendary name "Microsoft."
507.  
508. Gates had a lot of respect for Allen. In fact, he dropped out of Harvard his sophomore year to join Allen in New Mexico to grow their business. But he didn't always treat him as an equal. When they debuted their first major project, the programming language BASIC, Gates spent hours double-checking all of Allen's work. Turns out, it was error-free.
509.  
510. Despite Allen's major contributions to Microsoft, in 1982, he overheard Gates and Steve Ballmer (who ran the business side of the company) talking about Allen's diminishing contributions, conspiring about how they could dilute his equity. But Allen wasn't just slacking off. He had cancer.
511.  
512. Allen called them out on their little "try to weasel money from the guy with cancer" plan and quit the company a while later. Luckily, Gates's cheapness worked to Allen's advantage. Gates wanted to buy Allen out of his stock holdings at $5 a share. Allen wanted $10, Gates said "no thank you," so Allen kept his stock. Now, he has almost $20 billion, all because of Bill Gates's cheap-o ways.
513. <p><b>
514. 7.Gates dealt with many monopoly problems
515. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://img.grunge.com/img/gallery/the-untold-truth-of-bill-gates/gates-dealt-with-many-monopoly-problems-1489508252.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://img.grunge.com/img/gallery/the-untold-truth-of-bill-gates/gates-dealt-with-many-monopoly-problems-1489508252.jpg"
516. width="150" height="150"/></a></div>
517. As Microsoft became huge, they faced a lot of monopoly problems. Not that Gates kept putting up hotels on Boardwalk and Park Place, but the United States was investigating hi, for violating antitrust laws. The government had an eye on Microsoft since 1990 and in 1994 made Microsoft sign an agreement to not use their preeminence over the software world to keep out competition. In 1997, the US struck again, filing a suit that Microsoft violated the agreement, by forcing PC makers to ship Internet Explorer with Windows 95. The courts felt they were purposely keeping out competitors. For years, the suit waged on, with Microsoft claiming it was easy to remove Internet Explorer and opposing witnesses saying it was impossible to remove. A lot of thrilling "can I delete this icon" trial footage is floating around somewhere.
518. <div>
519. <!-- Info News Blog Communication -->
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524.  
525. Microsoft agreed that computer makers could have the choice whether or not to include Internet Explorer with Windows. But that wasn't the end. After many years, a court found that Microsoft was acting as a monopoly and ordered the company to break up to loosen its hold on the industry. But after many appeals, that judgment was overruled, and by 2002, Microsoft agreed to a settlement. That meant Microsoft could stay one company, but they had to make their software compatible with non-Windows works and couldn't enter into any new agreement that would keep competitors out of new computer technology till 2011. By 2011, Microsoft was finally completely out of the woods with all this monopoly business. And it only took 21 years.
526. <p><b>
527. 8.He owns an insane house called Xanadu 2.0
528. <p><center>
529. <a href="<iframe
530. width="150" height="150" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/cGvOBrbRs-M" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>"></a>
531. Though Gates had his share of difficulties, he's been rewarded for his software genius with a net worth of $75 billion. He's not known for splashing out on crazy, expensive purchases. Unlike Paul Allen—who owns the Seattle Seahawks, has a collection of vintage war planes, and made a Rock 'n' Roll museum in Seattle that contains lots from his personal collection—Gates doesn't have any such hobbies. But, he did go all out on an insane house.
532.  
533. Sitting on Lake Washington, the 66,000-square-foot property is called "Xanadu 2.0." Sadly, it's not because Gates is a big Olivia Newton-John/ELO fan but is named after the fictional mansion of Charles Foster Kane. Though he doesn't seem like a gym rat, Gates built in a 2,500-foot fitness center, complete with trampoline room.
534.  
535. The coolest part is that Xanadu 2.0 has crazy smart home technology that none of us will have for another 40 years. Every guest who enters is given a pin. That pin interacts with sensors around the house that will adjust your surroundings based on your taste of music and lighting. Gates was already ahead of the curve with touchpad technology, since he's had a pad in every room to control the temperature since 1995. And within the walls of the mansion is the Codex Leicester, Leonardo da Vinci's notebook, which Gates bought for $30.8 million. If only we could all grow up to live out every child's dream of owning a 16th-century genius's scribbles.
536. <p><b>
537. 9.The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation tops the Forbes most charitable list
538. <p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://img.grunge.com/img/gallery/the-untold-truth-of-bill-gates/the-bill-and-melinda-gates-foundation-tops-the-forbes-most-charitable-list-1489508252.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://img.grunge.com/img/gallery/the-untold-truth-of-bill-gates/the-bill-and-melinda-gates-foundation-tops-the-forbes-most-charitable-list-1489508252.jpg"
539. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
540. Despite his lavish home, Bill Gates really does give a lot of his money away. Bill and Melinda Gates are number one of the Forbes list of most philanthropic people, and they have no intention of slowing down their generosity. In just one typical year, the husband-and-wife foundation gave away $2.65 billion toward fighting malaria, polio, and other diseases while donating tons to the World Health Organization. They decided to give a little $50 million bonus to the International AIDS vaccine initiative, just for fun, and also to help the world.
541. <div>
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547.  
548. The Gates foundation also gives away millions in college scholarships and other educational causes. He's given nearly a billion dollars out in scholarships to minority students and recently set up a Cambridge scholarship program with a trust of $210 million. All in all, Bill and Melinda Gates have donated $30.2 billion, a third of their net worth. It's nice to see all those billions aren't just going to trampoline maintenance.
549. 10.He did an AMA full of fun facts and made a "David Pumpkins" sequel to promote it
550. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/C5pRFRhUwAEhw60.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/C5pRFRhUwAEhw60.jpg"
551. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
552. Now that he's stepped down from running Microsoft, Gates has time for the little things in life, like Reddit AMAs. His Ask Me Anything was full of absolutely crucial facts, like that Gates's favorite sandwich is a cheeseburger, he loves going to Australia for vacation, and he doesn't have a lot of parenting advice. When a father-to-be asked him for dad tips, Gates replied, "Melinda is very creative about helping me find chances to spend time with the kids. Even just driving them to school is a great time to talk to them." Cool. So, talk to your kids. And drive cars. Thanks.
553.  
554. Gates seemed to take the Q&A seriously and even filmed a sketch to promote it. Clearly a viewer of Saturday Night Live, Gates did a David Pumpkins sequel, as "Christmas Pumpkins." Though his dancing leaves something to be desired, it's good that Gates chose to keep the Tom Hanks voice and do some fine lip syncing work.
555. <p><b>
556. 11.When he dies, he'll leave most of his money to charity
557. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://img.grunge.com/img/gallery/the-untold-truth-of-bill-gates/when-he-dies-hell-leave-most-of-his-money-to-charity-1489508252.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://img.grunge.com/img/gallery/the-untold-truth-of-bill-gates/when-he-dies-hell-leave-most-of-his-money-to-charity-1489508252.jpg" width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
558. When they aren't busy talking to their dad in cars, the Gates kids must getting ready for their sick billion-dollar inheritance, right? Well, Gates doesn't think his kids should get the majority of his wealth after he's gone. His three children won't have to work at McDonald's necessarily, but they aren't going to waste away in their own Xanadu-style mansions.
559.  
560. "They are never going to be poorly off," Gates explained. "Our kids will receive a great education and some money … but they'll go out and have their own career. It's not a favor to kids to have them have huge sums of wealth. It distorts anything they might do, creating their own path." Gates has it that each child will get $10 million.
561.  
562. Luckily, his kids agree with his thrifty inheritance plan and are happy that the money will go to help those in much greater need. Though his children may not be able to have a house with 24 bathrooms, somehow, they'll get by.
563. <p><b>
564. 12.Also, Bill Gates can jump over chairs
565. <p>
566. <a href="<iframe
567. width="150" height="150" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/KxaCOHT0pmI" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>"></a>
568. Bill Gates doesn't seem to be the sportiest chap around, but that doesn't mean he completely lacks physical ability. In an interview with Connie Chung in 1994, she pulled out the hard questions: "Is it true you can leap over a chair from a standing position?" Whoa, that's some real gotcha journalism. But Gates happily admitted that he can jump over chairs, though "it depends on the size of the chair." Good move, Gates.
569.  
570. Chung could have pulled out some Iron Throne-type stuff and really made him look like an idiot. But Gates was happy to jump over a regular office chair, and the world now knows of his prowess in vertical leaps.
571.  
572.  
573. </content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/354051216564096653'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/354051216564096653'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aryodanter.blogspot.com/2017/05/the-untold-truth-of-bill-gates.html' title='The untold truth of Bill Gates'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7543881694514639380.post-5391482636173365138</id><published>2017-05-05T10:13:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2017-05-10T09:24:30.953-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="History"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="News"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="World"/><title type='text'>Trump Fuzzy on Andrew Jackson, Civil War History</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://img.purch.com/w/660/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5saXZlc2NpZW5jZS5jb20vaW1hZ2VzL2kvMDAwLzA5MS84NDcvb3JpZ2luYWwvd2hhdC10cnVtcC1nb3Qtd3JvbmctYWJvdXQtamFja3Nvbi1yZXNpemUuanBn&quot; image anchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;image border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://img.purch.com/w/660/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5saXZlc2NpZW5jZS5jb20vaW1hZ2VzL2kvMDAwLzA5MS84NDcvb3JpZ2luYWwvd2hhdC10cnVtcC1nb3Qtd3JvbmctYWJvdXQtamFja3Nvbi1yZXNpemUuanBn&quot;
574. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
575. President Donald Trump delivered pronouncements yesterday (May 1) about President Andrew Jackson and the Civil War that left many people scratching their heads over the current president's interpretation of American history.
576.  
577. In an audio interview clip shared on Twitter by the political news radio channel SiriusXM Politics, Trump told Washington Examiner reporter Salena Zito that Jackson was "really angry that he saw what was happening with regard to the Civil War," adding that Jackson said, "There's no reason for this."
578. <div>
579. <!-- Info News Blog Communication -->
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584. Trump did not mention a time frame or context for the former president's supposed displeasure concerning what he "saw." However, Jackson died on June 8, 1845, and the American Civil War began in 1861. [6 Civil War Myths, Busted]
585. Later that day, Trump reiterated his claims about Jackson in a tweet, insisting that even though Jackson died 16 years before the Civil War began, the former president nonetheless "saw it coming and was angry." Trump added that if Jackson had been leading the country at the time, he "would never have let it happen!"
586. ackson, like Trump, was considered a Washington outsider. The 19th-century president favored a "plain and simple" approach to politics that resonated with voters and won him two terms in the White House. As President, "he sought to act as the direct representative of the common man," according to a biography published online by the White House website.
587.  
588. A portrait of the late Jackson is prominently displayed in Trump's Oval Office. And Trump has previously acknowledged that he greatly admires Jackson, calling him "an amazing figure in American history." Meanwhile, Trump's supporters have enthusiastically compared the current president to the populist Jackson, The New York Times reported in January.
589.  
590. But even a president's admiration must be tempered with reality, and there is little evidence to suggest that Jackson anticipated the Civil War, let alone that he would have been able to stop it, American historian Eric Foner, a professor of history at Columbia University in New York City, told Live Science in an email.
591. <div>
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597. "Jackson would certainly have opposed secession. He was a very strong nationalist," Foner explained.
598.  
599. Jackson adamantly favored a powerful federal government. In 1833, when South Carolina sought to reject a tariff already passed by Congress, Jackson sent armed forces into Charleston; privately, he threatened to hang the opposition leader, according to the White House website's biography of Jackson.
600.  
601. So, it seems unlikely that Jackson would have accepted the secession of slave states from the United States. And as far as the Civil War is concerned, it appears equally unlikely that Jackson, as Trump claimed, would "never have let it happen," Foner added.
602.  
603. &quot;There is no reason to think that were he alive or president in 1860 to 1861 he would have been any more successful than others in preventing [the] Civil War,&quot;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/5391482636173365138'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/5391482636173365138'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aryodanter.blogspot.com/2017/05/trump-fuzzy-on-andrew-jackson-civil-war.html' title='Trump Fuzzy on Andrew Jackson, Civil War History'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7543881694514639380.post-7840250245478376123</id><published>2017-05-05T09:48:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2017-05-05T09:48:09.705-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Economic"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="News"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="World"/><title type='text'>Top 10 Bizarre Ventures From Famous Companies</title><content type='html'>Corporations, especially famous ones, often have a set image attached to them. Each is known for certain products, but sometimes, famous companies have extremely surprising side ventures. Here are 10 you would never have guessed.
604.  
605. <p><b>
606. 10 Sony Sells Life Insurance
607. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/01-5.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/01-5.jpg?w=632" width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
608. Sony Corporation is famous for its electronics, which include everything from the iconic Sony Walkman to 3-D headsets. Counterintuitively, however, Sony’s electronics division is hemorrhaging money—it cost the company $8.5 billion over a 10-year period from 2003 to 2013, while its best-performing division was its insurance branch, which over the same 10-year period raked in more than $9 billion.
609.  
610. Sony originally did only sell electronics, but in the 1950s, one of the founders was touring the US and was so impressed with the skyscrapers that he decided the corporation would one day have its own financial business. In the 1980s, Sony started selling insurance. Sony’s digital and media records branch—also profitable—also got bigger at this point.
611.  
612. While some financial analysts and corporate insiders want Sony to leave the electronics industry entirely or spin it off into a separate company, Sony has been reluctant to give up in the industry it is most well known for and where it still has significant market share.
613. <p><b>
614. 9 Chrysler Used To Build Rockets
615. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/02-5.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/02-5.jpg?w=632"width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
616. While Chrysler had been a simple automobile company before World War II, during the militarization of the United States, Chrysler built tanks and military electronics. Chrysler gained a reputation for having an engineering solution to many military problems as well as not price gouging the US government during the war. After the war, Chrysler put its engineering skills to use in manufacturing the US’s first ballistic missile, the Redstone rocket—which was also the rocket that launched the first American astronauts into space. Although they were initially reluctant to take the contract to build the Redstone missile, a series of fortunate coincidences involving cancelation of other military projects freed a factory for Chrysler to use to build the missiles.
617.  
618. Chrysler also manufactured the first stage of the Saturn IB rockets that launched the first Apollo capsules into space. Later, they worked on the first stages of the gigantic Saturn V rockets that would land men on the Moon.
619. <div>
620. <!-- Info News Blog Communication -->
621. <br />
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625. <p><b>
626. 8 Target Runs Crime Scene Investigations
627. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/03-5.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/03-5.jpg?w=632" width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
628. One of the largest retailers in the US, Target isn’t the first place you think of when you think of high-tech forensics. However, since the mid-1990s, Target has been turning its anti-theft technologies toward solving crimes. Using technology developed for tracking its inventories and preventing theft in its stores, Target applied the technology to help police across the United States track down criminals and coordinate with each other. Target’s asset tracking group has also applied its technology to help police.
629.  
630. Target also has its own private forensics labs, which have the same accreditation as the forensics labs of city police departments. They handle some cases that the police crime labs would find difficult, such as video evidence of a crime that is in an unconventional codec format. Target has also provided technology to police departments for free, and target employees can sometimes become heavily involved in FBI operations targeting criminal organizations, even going undercover.
631. <p><b>
632. 7 Bose Corporation Researched Cold Fusion
633. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/04-5.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/04-5.jpg?w=632" width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
634. The Bose Corporation is best known for its high-definition speaker and sound systems. Indeed, Amar Bose, the scientist and MIT professor who founded the corporation, was inspired to create it because he was unsatisfied with the quality of the speakers he could buy. However, Bose himself is a tinker first and foremost, and because he has retained private control of his company, he can recycle company profits back into research of his choosing. And not all this research involves sound or even electronics.
635.  
636. In 1989, Bose walked into a forum on the new claim of cold fusion—a claim that could have revolutionized the world had it been true. However, upon discovering the scientists in the forum were hurling insults at each other instead of discussing cold fusion scientifically, Bose decided to form a group of scientists from his own company who would investigate cold fusion claims methodically. Over the course of two years, they disproved them all.
637. <p><b>
638. 6 Microsoft Sold Children’s Toys
639. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/05-5.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/05-5.jpg?w=632"width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
640. In 1997, soon before the dot com bubble, Microsoft came out with a new type of toy that it claimed would revolutionize the way children played—actimates. The 40-centimeter-high (16 in) toys, which included the likes of Barney the Dinosaur and Arthur the Aardvark, were packed with sensors and transmitters. This allowed the toys to make statements about TV shows the kids were watching as the kids watched them, as well as use sensors to interact with the kids directly through pre-programmed motions. Television channels would broadcast a secondary carrier signal that allowed real-time interaction and commentary.
641.  
642. Actimates was discontinued after just three years. The system was quite expensive and complicated to set up, costing $175. The choice of later characters after Barney may not have been as good, as later toys sold less well. As penetration of the toy market by technology was also quite limited by the time, the toy didn’t catch on.
643. <p><b>
644. 5 Pepsi Backed South American Coups
645. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/06-5.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/06-5.jpg?w=632" width="150" height="150"/></a></div>
646. In the 1960s, US corporations establishing operations in South America had their business interests looked after by the CIA. It was a cozy relationship, with US corporations helping the CIA prevent the spread of communism into South America and the CIA guaranteeing the assets of the corporations in turn. With Chile’s political situation becoming worse and worse toward US corporate interests, US corporations worked furiously behind the scenes to get the US government (and by extension the CIA) to manipulate the Chilean political scene to become more business-friendly.
647.  
648. One of these corporations was PepsiCo, which had Pepsi bottling operations and other interests in Chile and feared that the socialist coalition under president Salvador Allende would nationalize foreign corporate assets in Chile. In 1970, a PepsiCo plea to Richard Nixon, who had once worked for PepsiCo as a lawyer, directly precipitated the 1970 CIA-backed Chilean coup that forced Allende from power and led to the rise of the Chilean junta.
649. <p><b>
650. 4 McDonald’s Has Its Own Fashion Lines
651. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/07-5.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/07-5.jpg?w=632" width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
652. In 2015, McDonald’s came out in Sweden with something completely unexpected—a fashion line. The bizarre-looking clothing included raincoats and boots, with a white background adorned with pictures of Big Macs. Later offerings included wallpaper and even clothing for dogs. Part of a global campaign by McDonald’s called “I’m Lovin’ it 24,” the clothing was only available in Sweden.
653.  
654. This wasn’t a one-time idea. In March 2016, McDonald’s in Australia unveiled a limited edition line of pajamas, T-shirts, and casual button-downs, together with a national campaign of offering breakfast “brekkie” menu options throughout the entire day. Similar to the format of the 2015 campaign, the designs on the clothing had images of hash browns and McMuffins against a white or checkered background. Only a limited number of pieces were on sale, and they sold out extremely quickly.
655. <p><b>
656. 3 Playtex Made The Apollo Space Suits
657. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/08-5.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/08-5.jpg?w=632" width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
658. In the 1960s, the International Latex Corporation—which in the future would be known as Playtex—used their expertise with comfortable underwear to win a NASA contract to build the spacesuit that the Apollo astronauts would wear on the Moon. NASA (probably not fully trusting that a clothing company could make a spacesuit) made ILC work under Hamilton Standard, an aerospace and defense corporation. Without consulting ILC, Hamilton submitted its own prototype to NASA without ILC input. The Hamilton suit was rejected by NASA, and ILC lost their contract as Hamilton laid the blame for the suit failure at their feet.
659.  
660. ILC didn’t give up hope, however. When NASA hosted an invite-only competition for a new spacesuit, ILC managed to convince NASA to give them a second chance. ILC’s new suit, a wholly ILC design handmade by seamstresses, won the competition. Two competitor suits suffered embarrassing failures, while ILC’s suit passed the majority of the tests set for it. ILC would go on to make the suit Neil Armstrong wore when he first stepped on the Moon.
661. <p><b>
662. 2 Monsanto Helped Manufacture Nuclear Weapons
663. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/09-5.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/09-5.jpg?w=632" width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
664. Monsanto is most well known today for its forays into genetically modified organisms. It actually started and has continued for much of its corporate history as a company manufacturing chemicals. But during World War II, Monsanto was one of the organizations behind the Manhattan Project, building and operating facilities used in the production of nuclear weapons components, continuing to operate the facilitates well into the 1980s.
665.  
666. Dr. Charles Allen Thomas and Dr. Carroll A. Hochwalt, both chemists working for Monsanto, were recruited to help with the Manhattan project in 1943. Thomas in particular was tasked with working out the production of plutonium needed for the bomb. Another task Thomas had to figure out was the production of polonium, another element needed for a nuclear weapon to work. The production of polonium fell to Monsanto, who built a top secret industrial facility in Dayton, Ohio, on the site of a community center. They staffed it until after the war, when radioactive contamination forced it to be demolished.
667. <p><b>
668. 1 Hooters Had An Airline
669. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/10-5.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/10-5.jpg?w=632" width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
670. In 2003, the founder of Hooters, Bob Brookes, started an airline based on the model of his successful line of Hooters Restaurants. Buying a pre-existing airline, he remodeled it into Hooters Air. With competitive pricing and attractive, skimpily dressed hostesses onboard, the airline was initially a success, even though it had only a few aircraft. At its peak, the airline was transporting more than 1,000 passengers every week.
671.  
672. However, rising fuel costs and cheap competition ultimately doomed Hooters Air. In addition, the airline only shared the name and the waitresses of the Hooters restaurants, and no hooters restaurant food was served onboard. In 2006, the company stopped all passenger flights except for charter flights out of one city, resulting in hundreds of people losing their jobs. Afterward, Brookes decided to stop supporting the airline with his own money and let it go under.
673. <div>
674. <!-- Info News Blog Communication -->
675. <br />
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678. &lt;/script&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/7840250245478376123'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/7840250245478376123'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aryodanter.blogspot.com/2017/05/top-10-bizarre-ventures-from-famous.html' title='Top 10 Bizarre Ventures From Famous Companies'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7543881694514639380.post-6549824338590950060</id><published>2017-05-05T09:45:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2017-05-05T09:45:37.601-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="History"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="News"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="World"/><title type='text'> 150,000-Year-Old Pipes Baffle Scientists in China: Out of Place in Time?</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/field/image/150000-Year-Old-Pipes-china.jpg&quot; image anchor=&quot;1&quot; &gt;&lt;image border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/field/image/150000-Year-Old-Pipes-china.jpg&quot;
679. width="150" height="150" /></a>
680. Oopart (out of place artifact) is a term applied to dozens of prehistoric objects found in various places around the world that seem to show a level of technological advancement incongruous with the times in which they were made. Ooparts often frustrate conventional scientists, delight adventurous investigators open to alternative theories, and spark debate.
681.  
682. In a mysterious pyramid in China’s Qinghai Province near Mount Baigong are three caves filled with pipes leading to a nearby salt-water lake. There are also pipes under the lake bed and on the shore. The iron pipes range in size, with some smaller than a toothpick. The strangest part is that they may be about 150,000 years old.
683.  
684. Dating done by the Beijing Institute of Geology determined these iron pipes were smelted about 150,000 years ago, if they were indeed made by humans, according to Brian Dunning of Skeptoid.com.
685.  
686. And if they were made by humans, history as it is commonly viewed would have to be re-evaluated.
687.  
688. The dating was done using thermoluminescence, a technique that determines how long ago crystalline mineral was exposed to sunlight or heated. Humans are only thought to have inhabited the region for the past 30,000 years. Even within the known history of the area, the only humans to inhabit the region were nomads whose lifestyle would not leave any such structures behind.
689.  
690. The state-run news agency  Xinhua in China reported  on the pyramid, the pipes, and the research began by a team scientists sent to investigate in 2002.
691.  
692. Though some have since tried to explain the pipes as a natural phenomenon, Yang Ji, a research fellow at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told Xinhua the pyramid may have been built by intelligent beings. He did not dismiss the theory that ancient extraterrestrials may be responsible, saying this theory is “understandable and worth looking into … but scientific means must be employed to prove whether or not it is true.”
693.  
694. Another theory is that it was built by prehistoric humans with techniques lost to humans of a later period.
695.  
696. The pipes lead into a salty lake, though a twin lake nearby contains freshwater. The surrounding landscape is strewn with what Xinhua described as “strangely shaped stones.” Rocks protrude from the ground like broken pillars.
697.  
698. The head of the publicity department at the local Delingha government told Xinhua the pipes were analyzed at a local smeltery and 8 percent of the material could not be identified. The rest was made up of ferric oxide, silicon dioxide, and calcium oxide. The silicon dioxide and calcium oxide are products of long interaction between the iron and surrounding sandstone, showing the ancient age of the pipes. Liu Shaolin, the engineer who did the analysis, told Xinhua: “This result has made the site even more mysterious.”
699.  
700. “Nature is harsh here,” he said. “There are no residents let alone modern industry in the area, only a few migrant herdsmen to the north of the mountain.”
701.  
702. To further add to the mystery, Zheng Jiandong, a geology research fellow from the China Earthquake Administration  told state-run newspaper People’s Daily in 2007  that some of the pipes were found to be highly radioactive.  
703.  
704. Other Theories
705.  
706. Jiandong said iron-rich magma may have risen from deep in the Earth, bringing the iron into fissures where it would solidify into tubes. Though he admitted, “There is indeed something mysterious about these pipes.” He cited the radioactivity as an example of the strange qualities of the pipes.
707.  
708. Others have said iron sediments may have washed into the fissures, carried with water during floods.
709.  
710. Though Xinhua and other publications in China have referred to a pyramid or even a mysterious pyramid in which the pipes were found, some have said it was a pyramid-shaped natural formation.
711. <div>
712. <!-- Info News Blog Communication -->
713. <br />
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716. </script></div>
717. Another theory is that the pipes are fossilized tree roots.  Xinmin Weekly reported in 2003  that scientists found plant matter in an analysis of the pipes, and they also found what looked like tree rings. The article related the finding to a geological theory that in certain temperatures and under certain chemical conditions, tree roots can undergo diagenesis (transformation of soil into rock) and other processes that can produce iron formations.
718. <div>
719. <!-- Info News Blog Communication -->
720. <br />
721. <ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-5153329562612523" data-ad-slot="4311281772" style="display: inline-block; height: 90px; width: 250px;"></ins><script>
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723. </script></div>
724. Reports on the tree-root explanation for the so-called Baigong pipes often lead back to this Xinmin Weekly article or lack citation. It’s unclear exactly how well-supported this theory is in relation to the Baigong pipes.
725.  
726. An article published  in the Journal of Sedimentary Research in 1993 describes fossilized tree roots in South Louisiana in the United States. </content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/6549824338590950060'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/6549824338590950060'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aryodanter.blogspot.com/2017/05/150000-year-old-pipes-baffle-scientists.html' title=' 150,000-Year-Old Pipes Baffle Scientists in China: Out of Place in Time?'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7543881694514639380.post-7645810867823633603</id><published>2017-05-05T09:26:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2017-05-05T09:26:54.218-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="History"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="World"/><title type='text'>A History of Hamilcar: The Legend of Cardosa and a Lost Carthaginian City – Part I</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/field/image/History-of-Hamilcar.jpg&quot; image anchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;image border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/field/image/History-of-Hamilcar.jpg&quot; width=&quot;150&quot; height=&quot;150&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
727. Deep in the heart of the Portuguese arid interior lies a city. It is the regional capital of the lands known as Beira Baixa and is strategically well-placed near the grand Tejo river, the superhighway of ancient times. The city has a name but with an unknown origin: Castelo Branco.
728.  
729. Although attempts have been made to explain the name, none have ever really proved satisfactory. The city’s origins have been lost to time, just like the two character-defining hallmarks for which Castelo Branco is known: the famous ‘bordado’ (embroidery) of Castelo Branco and the beautiful and unique gardens called ‘Jardim do Paco’.
730. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/Bordado.jpg?itok=nC9J-dxL" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/Bordado.jpg?itok=nC9J-dxL" width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
731. There is no hiding this lack of identity. The city council admits to it in their official website; “Little is known about the origins of Castelo Branco” are the official words. Yet there is a general awareness that Castelo Branco had a distant past, even if unknown. It is an ancient city, the mishmash of stones and the successive rebuilding attests to that and, more importantly, everyone here believes it is so. Then there is the legendary nickname about which there is no denying, the name which according to legend identifies the ancient roots from which Castelo Branco came: Castraleuca . Nobody knows exactly how to pronounce it, nor spell it. Ask any senior citizen about the origin of their city, however, and they will probably reply using this word, even though they have no idea what it means or from where it came. The word Castraleuca, just like the bordado and the gardens, belongs to this city.
732. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/Jardim-do-Paco.jpg?itok=UpmZdzMz" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/Jardim-do-Paco.jpg?itok=UpmZdzMz" width="150" height="150"/></a></div>
733. Searching for a City’s Origins
734.  
735. Nineteenth century historian Porfirio de Silva in 1853 quoted a contemporary document which was very specific about the origins of the city: “Seven hundred years before the time of Christ, time of the Carthaginians, Goths, Saracens, there existed on Cardoso hill the ancient Castraleuca, and from its ruins of Castelo Branco was built.”
736.  
737. The name Cardoso, according to Portuguese historian Augusto Leal, was said to have come from the thorns and thistles (cardos) which grew amongst the ruins of Castraleuca.
738. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/Thistle.jpg?itok=iJExGOoL" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/Thistle.jpg?itok=iJExGOoL" width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
739. A little-known historian who worked in the famous Torre de Tombo and directly for the King confirmed this. His name was Gaspar Alvares de Lousada. He was highly respected in his time both here and abroad, and was known to have been well acquainted with the ‘antiquities of Portugal’. He said Castelo Branco had been rebuilt by the Knights Templars from the ruins of Castraleuca. He evidently had seen ‘cippos’ (marker stones) which identified Castelo Branco as being the ancient Castraleuca.
740. Knights Templar
741.  
742. This is confirmed by the city foral (a royal document) written by Knights Templar Pedro Alviti in 1213. The wording is important:
743.  
744. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/Foral-of-Castelo-Branco.jpg?itok=d19hma-W" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/Foral-of-Castelo-Branco.jpg?itok=d19hma-W" width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
745. Volumus restaurare atque populare castelbranco . Translated this gives “we wish to restore and populate Castelo Branco”. So, Castelo Branco already existed, including its name, otherwise they could not restore these things— the city and its name. It seems that the name Castello Branco had already become the commonly used name at the time of the Templar’s rebuilding of Castraleuca.
746.  
747. Nineteenth century historian Herculano rejected both the idea of Castelo Branco as being Castraleuca and Lousada (whom he discredited), calling Herculano and others ‘impostors’. His arguments were based upon the work of Ptolemy the Greek Geographer, who in the first centuries AD placed Castraleuca south of the Tejo. However, Ptolemy’s work was and is known to be flawed. He also significantly did place Castraleuca on Lusitanian soil and near the Tejo river. Ptolemy wrote from Alexandria in Egypt and had never placed foot on Lusitanian soil, and even today it is advised when reading his work not to rely on his coordinates. Lousada, a man highly respected by other contemporary historians throughout Europe, was soon forgotten. This was a great error. Instead of checking out the foral and comparing the city to see if it really was a rebuilt ancient city, the Castraleuca version was relegated to a fairy tale.
748.  
749. In actual fact, what happened was that opinion became divided. On one hand, there were the academics who, having rejected outright the story of Lousada and his Castraleuca, and being ignorant of the significance of the word, were left chasing their tails as to a new plausible explanation of the city’s ancient history. On the other hand, there were the ordinary Albicastrenses, who simply continued believing what they had always believed.
750.  
751. Castelo Branco is known for its ‘subterranean city’ as it is sometimes referred to by the locals. There are tunnels and, legend says, underground vaults. These have been closed-off by the local town council because they have become dangerous.
752. &lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/underground-tunnel_1.jpg?itok=1Y0_hdf3&quot; image anchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;image border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/underground-tunnel_1.jpg?itok=1Y0_hdf3&quot; width=&quot;150&quot; height=&quot;150&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/7645810867823633603'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/7645810867823633603'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aryodanter.blogspot.com/2017/05/a-history-of-hamilcar-legend-of-cardosa.html' title='A History of Hamilcar: The Legend of Cardosa and a Lost Carthaginian City – Part I'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7543881694514639380.post-2558632343281981165</id><published>2017-05-02T10:15:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2017-05-08T13:06:02.803-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="History"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="News"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="World"/><title type='text'>Top 10 Most Beautiful Places To Visit Before You Die!</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;
753. 10.Whitehaven Beach – Australia
754. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Whitehaven-Beach_Australia.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Whitehaven-Beach_Australia.jpg"
755. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
756. Whitehaven Beach is known for its white sands. The Beach is a 7 km stretch along Whitsunday Island. The island is accessible by boat from the mainland tourist ports of Airlie Beach and Shute Harbour, as well as Hamilton Island. The Beach was named the top Eco Friendly Beach in the world by CNN.com. Dogs are not permitted on the beach and cigarette smoking is prohibited.
757. <p><b>
758. 9.Westin Maui Resort & Spa Hawaii
759. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/pool-the-westin-maui-resort-spa.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/pool-the-westin-maui-resort-spa.jpg"
760. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
761. A fantastic lobby with waterfalls and pools greets visitors to this lush Kaanapali resort where the impressive scenery, friendly service, fabulous spa and awesome swimming pools are the highlights. The Westin Maui Resort & Spa, Ka’anapali is located along a breathtaking stretch of the gorgeous, white-sand Ka’anapali Beach.
762.  
763. <div>
764. <!-- Info News Blog Communication -->
765. <br />
766. <ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-5153329562612523" data-ad-slot="4311281772" style="display: inline-block; height: 90px; width: 250px;"></ins><script>
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768. </script></div>
769. <p><b>
770. 8.The Fairy Pools on the Isle of Skye – Scotland
771. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/The-Fairy-Pools-on-the-Isle-of-Skye-Scotland.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/The-Fairy-Pools-on-the-Isle-of-Skye-Scotland.jpg"
772. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
773. If you are backpacking in Scotland generally or are planning a trip to the Isle of Skye then I heartily recommend that you visit the so-called Fairy Pools.The Fairy Pools is located in Cuillins Hills, Isle of Skye, Scotland. The Fairy Pools are a series of clear, cold pools and waterfalls formed as Allt Coir’ a’ Mhadaidh tumbles down from the foothills of the Black Cuillins into Glen Brittle.
774. <p><b>
775. 7.Marble Caverns of Carrera Lake – Chile
776. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Marble-Caverns-of-Carrera-Lake-Chile.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Marble-Caverns-of-Carrera-Lake-Chile.jpg"
777. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
778. Azure temple, Lake General Carrera in Patagonia, Chile, A natural wonder that could be the world’s most beautiful cave network. An Azure Temple created by nature, the walls of this network of water-filled marble caverns show just how magnificent the precious geography of our planet can be.
779. <p><b>
780. 6.The Shahara Bridge – Yemen
781. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/The-Shahara-Bridge-Yemen.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/The-Shahara-Bridge-Yemen.jpg"
782. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
783. This bridge was constructed in 17th century to connect towns at the tops of mountains in the state of Yemen. Shahara Bridge built to fight against Turkish invaders. It’s a scary bridge and a popular tourist attraction.
784. <p><b>
785. 5.Havasu Falls – Grand Canyon National Park
786. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Havasu-Falls-Grand-Canyon-National-Park.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Havasu-Falls-Grand-Canyon-National-Park.jpg"
787. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
788. Havasu Falls is paradise on Earth. This is an absolutely amazingly beautiful waterfall located in a remote canyon of Arizona. The spectacular waterfalls and isolated community within the Havasupai Indian Reservation attract thousands of visitors each year. The Havasupai are intimately connected to the water and the land. This blue- green water is sacred to the Havasupai.
789. <p><b>
790. 4.Fjaðrárgljúfur Canyon – Iceland
791. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Fja%C3%B0r%C3%A1rglj%C3%BAfur-canyon-Iceland-1.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Fja%C3%B0r%C3%A1rglj%C3%BAfur-canyon-Iceland-1.jpg"
792. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
793. Fjaðrárgljúfur is a canyon in south east Iceland which is up to 100 m deep and about 2 kilometres long, with the Fjaðrá river flowing through it. It is located near the Ring Road, not far from the village of Kirkjubæjarklaustur.The canyon was created by progressive erosion by flowing water from glaciers through the rocks and palagonite over millennia.
794. <p><b>
795. 3.Arang Kel, Neelum Valley – Kashmir, Pakistan
796. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Arang-Kel.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Arang-Kel.jpg"
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798. A Breathtaking, Lush Green Village In Neelum Valley, Kashmir. Situated at the hill top near Kel, about 1500 feet ascend from River Neelam. It is also a village full of beautiful sceneries. It is a piece of utmost beauty, one can find in Kashmir. Visit Neelum Valley for Arang Kel, a worth visiting place.
799. <p><b>
800. 2.The Dark Hedges – Northern Ireland
801. This beautiful avenue of beech trees was planted by the Stuart family in the eighteenth century. The Dark Hedges is one of the most photographed natural phenomena in Northern Ireland and a popular attraction for tourists from across the world. It was intended as a compelling landscape feature to impress visitors.
802. <p><b>
803. 1.Coast near Marsa Matruh – Egypt
804. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Cleopatra-Beach-at-Marsa-Matruh-Egypt..jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Cleopatra-Beach-at-Marsa-Matruh-Egypt..jpg"
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806. Mersa Matruh is a major Egyptian tourist resort and serves as a getaway resort for Europeans as well as Cairenes eager to flee the capital in the sweltering summer months. It is served by Mersa Matruh Airport. The city is known for its white soft sands and calm transparent waters.
807.  
808. <div>
809. <!-- Info News Blog Communication -->
810. <br />
811. <ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-5153329562612523" data-ad-slot="4311281772" style="display: inline-block; height: 90px; width: 250px;"></ins><script>
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813. &lt;/script&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/2558632343281981165'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/2558632343281981165'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aryodanter.blogspot.com/2017/05/top-10-most-beautiful-places-to-visit.html' title='Top 10 Most Beautiful Places To Visit Before You Die!'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7543881694514639380.post-1838462569506024057</id><published>2017-05-02T09:57:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2017-05-08T13:03:55.578-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="History"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="News"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="World"/><title type='text'>10 Female Cult Leaders You’ve Never Heard Of</title><content type='html'>Cult leaders are fascinating with their charming personalities and strange beliefs. But the ones who tend to come to mind first are usually men. That might lead you to wonder: Are there even female cult leaders? Yes, there are . . . and they are gruesome.
814. <p><b>10 Anne Hamilton-Byrne
815. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/10-anne-hamilton-byrne.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/10-anne-hamilton-byrne.jpg"
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817. What do you do when you’re convinced that you’re the reincarnation of Jesus Christ? You gather a small following on a remote estate and start a sadistic cult. That’s what Anne Hamilton-Byrne did in Australia in the 1970s and ’80s.
818.  
819. <div>
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825. There, she projected herself as a motherly Christlike figure, but looks can be deceiving. In actuality, Hamilton-Byrne was beating children for not showing devotion to her. She was also preparing them for the coming apocalypse by bleaching their hair and giving them identical, creepy haircuts.
826.  
827. She adopted many of these children—often illegally and likely through some kidnappings. In total, she kept 28 children on her property as she prepared them for the apocalypse. In reality, she was on LSD most of the time and forcefully injected the children with LSD, too.
828.  
829. As punishment, she would starve and beat the children viciously, scaring them into submission. She was caught after some children escaped and alerted the authorities, who then rescued the other children.
830. <p><b>
831. 9 Clementine Barnabet
832. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/9-clementine-barnabet.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/9-clementine-barnabet.jpg"
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834. In the early 1900s, life could not have been easy for a black woman in Lafayette, Louisiana, which is why Clementine Barnabet sought solace in voodoo. As a teenager, she became the leader of a voodoo cult named the Church of the Sacrifice, which quickly gained a following.
835.  
836. Her preaching became deadly when her followers began murdering people with axes as they slept—40 in total. Her followers did this to show their devotion to her as high priestess of the Church of the Sacrifice. Apparently, they believed that immortality could be gained through human sacrifice.
837.  
838. None of them committed these crimes mercifully, either. The victims were all brutally slaughtered and dismembered. Barnabet herself is responsible for 17 axe murders and is considered to be the first black female serial killer.
839. <p><b>
840. 8 Aimee Semple McPherson
841. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/8a-aimee-semple-mcpherson.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/8a-aimee-semple-mcpherson.jpg"
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843. Aimee Semple McPherson was one of the first celebrity preachers. She rose to popularity in the 1920s because she was a beautiful preacher who looked as glamorous as a movie star. She also made her church services seem theatrical, much like some “megachurches” today.
844.  
845. McPherson promoted herself at Foursquare Church as a healer who spoke in tongues and could allegedly cure the blind. She was groundbreaking in her efforts to evangelize as many people as possible by having a popular radio broadcast and doing several on-camera sermons (which you can find online).
846.  
847. Her personality was charming, but she is often criticized for loving her celebrity status a little too much. All of that came to an end when she took a swim in 1926 and did not return. She was found a month later in Mexico claiming to have been kidnapped.
848.  
849. <div>
850. <!-- Info News Blog Communication -->
851. <br />
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854. </script></div>
855. It was a hoax, of course, and McPherson was brought back to the US on criminal charges. She continued preaching in Echo Park until her death in 1944.
856. <p><b>
857. 7 Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi
858. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/7-Shri-Mataji-Nirmala-Devi.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/7-Shri-Mataji-Nirmala-Devi.jpg"
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860. Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi is a spiritual leader who is the face of a growing modern meditation cult that is structured a bit like Scientology. The smiling guru seems harmless, but the sari-clad founder of the Sahaja Yoga Movement has been criticized for brainwashing followers and disrupting families.
861.  
862. Her empire is growing, however, with an estimated 30,000–100,000 followers worldwide. Her followers meditate to a picture of her. Although the movement claims that followers are only meditating and are free to go about their daily lives however they want, most followers devote their free time to evangelizing and promoting their great guru.
863.  
864. Former followers claim that they were encouraged to break off ties with family members who disagreed with their newfound enlightenment. Furthermore, children born into the religion are considered “soldiers of Sahaja Yoga.” Parents are asked to send their kids to a Sahaja school in Rome at the tender age of four and then to a school in India.
865.  
866. These practices are currently going on and continue to grow daily as Shri Mataji opens Sahaja centers around the world.
867. <p><b>
868. 6 Bonnie Nettles
869. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/6a-applewhite-nettles.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/6a-applewhite-nettles.jpg"
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871. Bonnie Nettles cofounded Heaven’s Gate with Marshall Applewhite, whom she met at a theater school. But she died two years before the cult’s mass suicide. The cult believed in Christianity with a curious mix of alien paranoia. They believed in UFOs and killed themselves to reach a spaceship that was supposedly following the Hale-Bopp comet.
872.  
873. Sadly, Nettles developed cancer. But she believed that it was impossible for her to die because she and Applewhite would ascend to space together. Nettles died from cancer, but Applewhite told his followers that she simply left her Earthly form.
874. <p><b>
875. 5 Ching Hai
876. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/5-ching-hai.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/5-ching-hai.jpg"
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878. Ching Hai is a spiritual leader who is often depicted in portraits of glowing light. Her estimated 500,000 followers worldwide adore her for starting the Quan Yin Method, which is a meditation cult that promotes inner lightness and peace.
879.  
880. The Quan Yin Method is often praised for its promotion of the self, advocating for women to be independent and seek light from within rather than guidance from a man. Women are also encouraged to seek guidance from Ching Hai herself.
881.  
882. As with most meditation cults, it sounds perfectly harmless from the outside. But Ching Hai has also found a way to monetize the Quan Yin Method’s peaceful practices: by creating a chain of vegan restaurants called the Loving Hut. You can find a Loving Hut location in several places around the globe, giving vegan goodness to anyone who wants to pay for it.
883.  
884. But that’s not all. Ching Hai is also cashing in on her spiritual lifestyle through a clothing line, a jewelry line, and countless books and CDs.
885. <p><b>
886. 4 Hak Ja Han
887. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/4-Hak-Ja-Han.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/4-Hak-Ja-Han.jpg"
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889. Remember the Moonies? Well, they didn’t go anywhere. Reverend Moon may be dead, but the Unification Church (aka the Moonies) was handed down to his wife, Hak Ja Han, and she is making sure things run smoothly.
890.  
891. She changed the name of God from Heavenly Father to Heavenly Parents and revised her own narrative to seem as important as her husband’s. She claims that Satan tried to kill her when she was born and that God chose her specific lineage, the “Han” family, as the chosen people to fight against Satan.
892. <p><b>
893. 3 Brigitte Boisselier
894. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/3-Brigitte-Boisselier.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/3-Brigitte-Boisselier.jpg"
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896. Brigitte Boisselier may be an unusual choice for this list as her leadership role in Raelianism is more cooperative than others. But she still holds the unusual distinction of being a director of the cloning division of Raelianism, the belief that humans were descended from aliens.
897.  
898. <div>
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904. Boisselier is a chemist who claims to have overseen the first project to clone a human with the Raelian project called Clonaid. The current leader of Raelianism was so impressed by Boisselier that he declared her to be next in line to lead the entire cult after he passes.
905.  
906. As the group’s spokesperson, she travels to do speaking engagements about the group’s progressive Raelian beliefs . . . as well as the coming doom of humanity and the salvation that only the aliens will bring.
907. <p><b>
908. 2 Valentina De Andrade
909. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/2-valentina-de-andrade.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/2-valentina-de-andrade.jpg"
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911. Brazilian cult leader Valentina de Andrade founded the Superior Universal Alignment cult, which believed she was receiving messages from aliens in space. One message she claimed to receive was that anyone born after 1981 was evil and had to be killed.
912.  
913. That’s when Valentina and her followers began their horrific practice of killing children. They ultimately tortured, raped, and mutilated 13 children. She escaped authorities and managed to find freedom in Argentina, where she continued to preach her beliefs.
914. <p><b>
915. 1 Silvia Meraz Moreno
916. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/1-silvia-meraz-moreno.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://listverse.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/1-silvia-meraz-moreno.jpg"
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918. Silvia Meraz Moreno is perhaps the most notorious woman on this list because her crimes were so heinous. She was the coleader of the very violent cult of La Santa Muerte (“Saint Death”) in Nacozari, Sonora, Mexico, which made human sacrifices to appease the gods.
919.  
920. But these were not willing sacrifices. Their first victim was Cleotilde Romero Pacheco, Moreno’s 55-year-old friend. Soon, the cult killed two children. Silvia even killed her own grandson by beheading him. The cult buried the bodies outside the city. But the police discovered the bodies while investigating an unrelated crime in 2012.
921. </content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/1838462569506024057'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/1838462569506024057'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aryodanter.blogspot.com/2017/05/10-female-cult-leaders-youve-never.html' title='10 Female Cult Leaders You’ve Never Heard Of'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7543881694514639380.post-8358099637690219719</id><published>2017-05-02T09:53:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2017-05-08T12:59:35.249-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="History"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="World"/><title type='text'>Top 10 American Festivals You Need to Attend Once in Your Life</title><content type='html'>The typical holiday season in America comes during the Summers although people chasing the American dream try to find some time off the daily grind during other months. You can sample some jazz, don up a cowboy hat or enjoy the extreme weather changes as you travel from Florida to Massachusetts. American festivals will present the frenzy, excitement and energy that you need. Ranging from exhibits to food festivals. America is the land which has everything for everyone; a sandwich at 4 a.m OR a horse ride along a ranch in the evening. There is a variety of fun across the land.
922.  
923. <div>
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929. Americans can be fat, they appear to eat a lot probably because they have upsize food and free coke refills, but the fact is that their food is much more and beyond hamburgers and fries. They invented salads, and as you enjoy Amish pie as you drive through Virginia and get your lunch special at Pierce’s BBQ. You will see that beyond the urban cities the country is quite different than it is perceived to be. The following festivals show that America is more than a nation of super sized meals!
930. Top 10 American Festivals
931. <p><b>
932. 10. Jazz and Heritage Festival, New Orleans<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Jazz-and-Heritage-Festival-New-Orleans.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Jazz-and-Heritage-Festival-New-Orleans.jpg" width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
933. Although bands play in New Orleans’ clubs all year round, what you witness during this festival is hard to beat. The easy going rhythm and the colourful culture of the South are more explicit during this time of the year. The festival is held in April/May every year so if you are looking for some time away from the disco pop and heat of the city clubs, you could head to New Orleans now.
934. <p><b>
935. 9. Burning Man, Nevada
936. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Burning-Man-Festival-in-Nevada.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Burning-Man-Festival-in-Nevada.jpg" width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
937. Burning Man is an annual festival that was first held in 1986. It is a festival that encourages self expression and attracts thousands of participants every year. You can enjoy a week of sojourn and leave the area without a trace. Black Rock City- a temporary city in the Black Rock Desert is erected every year for the event that is described as something that experiments with art and community. Based on ten principles that include civic responsibility, community cooperation, self-reliance and self-expression. The event is held between the last week of August and the first week of September every year.
938. <p><b>
939. 8. Groundhog Day, Pennsylvania
940. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Groundhog-Day-Pennsylvania.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Groundhog-Day-Pennsylvania.jpg" width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
941. The Groundhog Day is the nation’s one of the most family-friendly and quirky celebration. The festival is all about weather lore and in the former coal mining town, families find the perfect setting for watching weather predictions that are covered live by many channels and are attended by over 20,000 people every year. The event takes place in February every year. The GHC Headquarters, The gobbler’s Knob Tail and the Phil’s Burrow are exciting attractions while you are in the area.
942.  
943. <div>
944. <!-- Info News Blog Communication -->
945. <br />
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947. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
948. </script></div>
949. <p><b>
950. 7. The marriage marathon, New York
951. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/The-marriage-marathon-New-York.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/The-marriage-marathon-New-York.jpg"width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
952. Every year on 14th February, wedding couples tie the knot at 1377 feet above the ground in a specially constructed wedding chapel that lies on the 110th story of the Empire State building. It is not a drive thru like Vegas although something like this could only happen in America. Why they chose the Valentine’s Day for this occasion speaks for itself. Only those who are willing to make their wedding extra memorable for even the rest of the world choose the venue and place for the purpose.
953. <p><b>
954. 6. Happy Harry’s Ribfest
955. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Happy-Harry%E2%80%99s-Ribfest.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Happy-Harry%E2%80%99s-Ribfest.jpg" width="150" height="150"/></a></div>
956. Talk about food festivals in America and you don’t mention Happy Harry’s Ribfest- that is not possible! The food festival takes place in the second week of June every year. And if you find yourself in North Dakota- make sure you treat yourself with the extravaganza of All-American food including slow-cooked chicken (a break from the fast food) and beef on the bone. It is held in the state’s biggest city, Fargo and has been feeding visitors since 1996. They say that it is a great place to be for foodies and should you find yourself up to it. In addition don a bib!
957. <p><b>
958. 5. Boston Seafood Festival
959. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Boston-Seafood-Festival.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Boston-Seafood-Festival.jpg" width="150" height="150"/></a></div>
960. Every year in August, the capital of the state of Massachusetts sets itself up for the seafood festival where you can enjoy a carnival of crustaceans, chowder and fish. There are cooking demonstrations, contests for cooking oyster and various food stalls that offer everything from lobster delicacy to sushi. The Boston Fish Pier is literally taken over by fish for one whole day. Seafood is healthy and light and despite eating to your fill, you can keep the calorie count very low.
961. <p><b>
962. 4. Film festival, Utah
963. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Sundance-Film-Festival.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Sundance-Film-Festival.jpg" width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
964. Utah presents the largest independent film festival in the US every year in January. New work by independent filmmakers from all over the world is presented at this premier showcase. Independent film has high potential as per the belief of this event’s organizers and that is what they mean to prove every year in the festival that is chaired by Robert Redford. Officially called the Sundance Film Festival. It is held by the Sundance Institute and was attended by little less than half a million people in 2016.
965.  
966. <div>
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968. <br />
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972. <p><b>
973. 3. Eat Drink SF
974. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Eat-Drink-SF.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Eat-Drink-SF.jpg" width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
975. Besides the San Francisco bridge, there is another SF attraction that deems nationwide popularity- the Eat Drink SF Festival. There are August moments of foodie fascination in the festival that shines because of the participation of around 120 restaurants from the city. It is largely concentrated at the Fort Mason Center (keeping Alcatraz in view) and pitched on the waterfront. The restaurants lay out their most exquisite dishes and 70 wineries from California. They also play their due part in this food festival that has been specially designed in SF. So that it does not lose to its east-coast cousin! It is held during the last week of August each year.
976. <p><b>
977. 2. Great American Foodie fest
978. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Foodie-Fest-PIcture-Trucks.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Foodie-Fest-PIcture-Trucks.jpg" width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
979. It was the Americans who introduced the whole world to fast food. It was the Americans who introduced the whole world to the concept of dieting. Now it is the Americans that host big food festivals that appear to be so yummilicious. Travelers and tourists from all over the world visit the country to enjoy its festivities.
980.  
981. Las Vegas is a city that hosts the country’s largest casinos and clubs. It is a place that is popular for clubbing and playing. They say that you could get married in Vegas at 12 p.m in the night and go separate ways the next morning. The chic restaurants in the city present haute cuisine all through the year. But, from October 6 to October 9 each year – A four day bonanza offers “food truck” food and is primarily stationed around the Sunset Station. Even then, you may expect delicacies and imaginative food to come your way. There are long hot dogs, slivers of meat prepared in delicacy as well as humongous burgers. Because, there is no lack of imagination in the Vegas food festival.
982.  
983. <div>
984. <!-- Info News Blog Communication -->
985. <br />
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988. </script></div>
989. <p><b>
990. 1. New Orleans October’s music and black magic fest
991. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Voodoo-music-and-black-magic-fest.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.wonderslist.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Voodoo-music-and-black-magic-fest.jpg" width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
992. The Voodoo Music and Art Experience at New Orleans ranks top on our list of festivals in America this year. The city flaunts its ranking as no. 1 in people-watching anyway, so you could head over to the place in order to enjoy a festival on every other weekend. That is the plus point of being there. With over 65 bands performing in the festival, Voodoo is not just a festivity- it is an experience. It stirs together music, art and community and presents to you exotic nights with happenings that you would remember for long. Cuisine, mystery and adventure all conjure up in the city as the Halloween weekend approaches. Everything is fresh and made by the best chefs in town. If you own a pack of Nyx matte lipsticks that have blue, black and silver colors- it is time to get those out!
993.  
994. America is great for tourism for all the right reasons. Although most people have seriously misguided notions about Americans as people and the country as a nation-state, there is kindness and beauty in the place that needs to be explored. Instead of believing in stereotypes, it would be best if we learnt about the place ourselves.</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/8358099637690219719'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/8358099637690219719'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aryodanter.blogspot.com/2017/05/top-10-american-festivals-you-need-to.html' title='Top 10 American Festivals You Need to Attend Once in Your Life'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7543881694514639380.post-9134796047122003861</id><published>2017-02-20T11:24:00.003-08:00</published><updated>2017-03-29T10:27:09.594-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="News"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Technology"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="World"/><title type='text'>10 Animals Launched Into Space</title><content type='html'>On April 12, 1961, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human in space. But he was far from the first living creature to journey outside Earth’s atmosphere. In the past century, humanity has celebrated a grand tradition of strapping rockets onto animals and firing them at the stars. Some of them were meant to be recovered, but others were never intended to see Earth again.
995. <p><b>
996. 10 Cats
997. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Cute-Cats-cats-33440930-1280-800-e1380497376400.jpg?resize=632%2C395" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Cute-Cats-cats-33440930-1280-800-e1380497376400.jpg?resize=632%2C395"
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999. Housecats were a bit late to the space party compared to some other animals; the French first sent a cat into space on October 18, 1963. Whether it was a stray named Felix or his female equivalent Felicette remains a matter of contention. Felix’s (or Felicette’s) journey went well, but a subsequent flight a week later spelled doom for the poor kitty. Fifty years later, the government of Iran, which has begun to expand its horizons into space, has claimed they want to launch a Persian cat into space in the first few months of 2014.
1000. <p><b>
1001. 9 Rodents
1002. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/mouse-e1380502917278.jpg?resize=632%2C395" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/mouse-e1380502917278.jpg?resize=632%2C395"
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1004. Rodents have a long history in space: Mice, rats, hamsters, and guinea pigs have all been sent up over the years. Several experiments have been undertaken with rodents in space. In 2001, biomedical engineer Ted Bateman, working in conjunction with NASA and biotech company Amgen, used mice to test a protein called osteoprotegerin. They believed the protein might be useful in halting bone loss associated with aging, and since space accelerates the aging process, it was the perfect environment to conduct the study. Sure enough, the protein worked, and subsequent experiments may go a long way toward preventing bone diseases like osteoporosis in the future.
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1006. <div>
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1012. Another experiment, which featured rats, was conducted by Jeffrey Alberts, a professor of psychology at Indiana University. By subjecting pregnant rats to zero-gravity conditions and studying their offspring, he was able to observe the behavior of animals that had never experienced the limitations of gravity, which displayed a vastly more complex range of movement.
1013. <p><b>
1014. 8 Fish
1015. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/fish-e1380501447818.jpg?resize=632%2C420" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/fish-e1380501447818.jpg?resize=632%2C420"
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1017. In 2012, the Japanese HTV-3 supply ship docked with the International Space Station. They had an aquarium filled with fish called “medaka” onboard. They conducted various experiments on the fish, which were ideal for this purpose due to their quick breeding habits and transparent skin. This allowed the researchers to observe their organs with ease. Like other animals, they were checked for bone degradation and muscle atrophy. Although they are in water, the fish are also subjected to microgravity and behaved oddly in it, swimming in loops instead of straight lines.
1018. <p><b>
1019. 7 Chimpanzees
1020. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/chimp-e1380502468715.jpg?resize=632%2C423" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/chimp-e1380502468715.jpg?resize=632%2C423"
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1022. As the closest living relative of humans, the contribution of chimpanzees to the space program has proved invaluable. The first chimp in space was Ham, a wild ape caught in Cameroon in 1959. He was trained in brutal fashion at Holloman Air Force Base through a system of positive and negative reinforcement. If Ham did what his trainers wanted, he was given a banana pellet. If he defied commands, he received mild electric shock.
1023.  
1024. Ham’s test flight was dubbed Mercury-Redstone 2 and took off from Cape Canaveral, Florida on January 31, 1961. There were several malfunctions during the flight, but Ham performed well, and his space suit protected him. He would go on to live at Washington, D.C.’s National Zoo and the North Carolina Zoo. He died at the age of 26.
1025.  
1026. Ham was succeded by Enos, a better-trained animal who went on to orbit the planet twice. He returned to earth alive, delighted to see his human friends. Unfortunately, his story had a sad ending. Enos died of dysentery (almost assuredly unrelated to his space adventure) about 11 months later.
1027. <p><b>
1028. 6 Monkeys
1029. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/monkey-e1380502570944.jpg?resize=632%2C421" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/monkey-e1380502570944.jpg?resize=632%2C421"
1030. width="150" height="150"/></a></div>
1031. Several species of monkey have been sent into space, including squirrel monkeys, macaques, and rhesus monkeys. Well-known for their contributions to medical research, the rhesus is highly intelligent and received the honor of being the first primate ever cloned.
1032.  
1033. Albert II, a rhesus, was the first monkey in space after his predecessor (Albert) suffered a grim fate when he suffocated during a flight. The subsequent line of Alberts—III, IV, V, and VI—also died (Albert IV died a couple of hours after his return to Earth). Several other nations, including Argentina, France, and Russia, have also used monkeys for spaceflights. Unfortunately, many of them did not survive.
1034. <p><b>
1035. 5 Amphibians
1036. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/amphib.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/amphib.jpg?w=632"
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1038. Amphibians, such as frogs, toads, and newts, have been used by scientists for a long time to gauge the health of an environment. Occupying both water and land, amphibians are almost always the first to succumb to even the most subtle developments, including climate change, pollution, and the introduction of disease.
1039.  
1040. Dozens of frogs have been sent to space, and at least one poor frog was caught in the (likely deadly) crossfire of a flight he didn’t even get to go on. Pictures of NASA’s Minotaur V rocket blasting off in Virginia made headlines, an airborne frog in the foreground. Iberian ribbed newts have also made several space flights, beginning with the USSR’s Bion 7 in 1985. Scientists were interested in how the environment of space might affect the newt’s ability to regenerate.
1041. <p><b>
1042. 4 Nematodes
1043. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/nematode-e1380497225373.jpg?resize=632%2C520" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/nematode-e1380497225373.jpg?resize=632%2C520"
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1045. Nematodes, or roundworms, are mostly parasitical (they’re responsible for the trichinosis disease and infest our pet dogs as heartworms) and attract little sympathy—even from otherwise-dedicated animal lovers. These little buggers have also made several trips into space, and they accompanied the Apollo 16 mission to the moon.
1046.  
1047. In 2003, the space shuttle Columbia disintegrated when it re-entered Earth’s atmosphere. The seven astronauts aboard were killed, but all was not lost. A locker containing a nematode experiment was recovered from the wreckage, and despite insurmountable odds, the worms were still alive. These nematodes revealed that their species suffered some of the same effects as humans when traveling in space, including muscle deterioration and diabetic symptoms.
1048. <p><b>
1049. 3 Water Bears
1050. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/water-bear.jpg?resize=632%2C372" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/water-bear.jpg?resize=632%2C372"
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1052. It’s almost impossible to comprehend how hostile an environment space can be: a near vacuum devoid of oxygen, alternately blistering hot and glacially cold, and with enough radiation to melt your bones. Without the benefit of a space suit, a human could endure no more than a few seconds before losing consciousness. But passing out would be merciful, since you wouldn’t be awake to feel yourself freeze to death or your lungs rupture from the pressure of that last lungful of air you took.
1053.  
1054. Water bears are some of the toughest creatures on the planet, capable of surviving conditions that would destroy almost any other living thing. Resembling microscopic, bloated caterpillars, water bears seem nearly invulnerable. When confronted with harsh circumstances, the water bear enters a stasis where its biological functions almost entirely shuts down, allowing it to live for years without eating or drinking—in temperatures both broiling and verging on absolute zero. In 2007, about 3,000 of these creatures were taken on the European Space Agency’s Foton-M3 mission, and were shown to be able to withstand the vacuum of space.
1055. <p><b>
1056. 2 Spiders
1057. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/spider-e1380503323891.jpg?resize=632%2C429" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/spider-e1380503323891.jpg?resize=632%2C429"
1058. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1059. Although they’re easily among the most hated and feared creatures on Earth, spiders have been the subject of several space projects. In 2011, two golden orb spiders, named Gladys and Esmerelda, were housed on the International Space Station where they spun webs and hunted in microgravity. The golden orb was used because it has a habit of dismantling its web every night and building a new one (this would allow the scientist to study more web constructions, if nothing else).
1060.  
1061. A jumping spider named Nefertiti also lived on the ISS during 2011. She didn’t spin a web, instead choosing to pounce on her prey. Zero gravity seemed to have little effect on her hunting technique. Nefertiti was retired to the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History’s insect zoo upon returning to Earth.
1062. <p><b>
1063. 1 Dogs
1064. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/sad_dog-e1380503396915.jpg?resize=632%2C422" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/sad_dog-e1380503396915.jpg?resize=632%2C422"
1065. width="150" height="150"/></a></div>
1066. The USSR was well-known for sending a series of dogs into space. The natural assumption would be that the Soviets used purebred, laboratory-raised specimens, but the dogs were actually stray mutts, chosen because the scientists believed that they would have tougher constitutions than lab animals or house pets. Canines were selected because of the ease in training them and their comfort with confined spaces. All of the dogs used were female, as it was easier to design a space suit to collect waste from females.
1067. <center>
1068. <div>
1069. <!-- Info News Blog Communication -->
1070. <br />
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1074. The most famous space dog was Laika, a stray found on the streets of Moscow. Laika was the first animal ever sent into orbit, a suicide mission aboard Sputnik 2. While most of the animals sent into space were intended to be later retrieved, Laika was never meant to survive. After a set period of days, they would feed her a meal of poisoned food to avoid the agonizing fate of starving to death. However, the craft took on excessive heat, and Laika’s vital signs ceased between five and seven hours after the launch.
1075.  
1076. In 1960, two dogs named Belka and Strelka became the first animals to survive a trip into orbit. The next year, Strelka had puppies. As a gesture of goodwill, Soviet premier Nikita Khruschev gave one of the puppies, named Pushinka, to John F. Kennedy’s daughter Caroline as a gift. Pushinka would go on to have a litter of her own with Kennedy’s Welsh terrier, Charlie, and JFK would jokingly call their offspring “pupniks.”</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/9134796047122003861'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/9134796047122003861'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aryodanter.blogspot.com/2017/02/10-animals-launched-into-space.html' title='10 Animals Launched Into Space'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7543881694514639380.post-7640295690796809355</id><published>2017-02-20T11:15:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2017-04-10T08:55:59.709-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="News"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Technology"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="World"/><title type='text'>10 Strange Secrets Of The Moon</title><content type='html'>The Moon is humanity’s nearest companion in our travels in space and the only celestial body that we have had the chance to actually visit. Still, despite its relative closeness and familiarity, our satellite continues to hold many interesting secrets. From its scientific strangeness to the many ways it affects our lives, the Moon is a mystery that is definitely worth a closer look.
1077. <p><b>
1078. 10 Moonquakes
1079. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/154039097-e1385748106326.jpg?resize=632%2C373" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/154039097-e1385748106326.jpg?resize=632%2C373"
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1081. Despite being a dead hunk of rock with very little geological activity, the Moon is prone to shaking fits. These earthquake-like tremors are called moonquakes, and there are four different kinds of them. The first three types—deep quakes, vibrations from meteorite impacts, and thermal quakes caused by the Sun’s heat—are relatively harmless. The fourth one, however, can be quite unpleasant. These “shallow” moonquakes can register up to 5.5 on the Richter scale—enough to move large furniture around—and last for a remarkably long 10 minutes. According to NASA, these quakes also have the effect of making the Moon “ring like a bell.”
1082.  
1083. The frightening thing about moonquakes is that we have no real idea of what causes them. Earth’s earthquakes are usually caused by the movement of tectonic plates, but the Moon doesn’t have any active plate tectonics. Some researchers think they may have some link to Earth’s tidal activity, which is caused by the Moon’s pull. However, this theory is inconclusive, as the tidal forces affect the entirety of the Moon, but moonquakes are usually localized.
1084. <p><b>
1085. 9 The “Twin Planet”
1086. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/178416529.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/178416529.jpg?w=632"
1087. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1088. Most people think the Moon is, well, a moon, but there is some talk that it should actually be classified as a planet. For one, it’s far too big to be a “true” moon. Being about one-fourth of the diameter of Earth, it is easily the biggest moon in relation to its planet in our solar system. (Pluto has a moon called Charon that is half its diameter in size, but since Pluto isn’t a real planet anymore, it doesn’t count.)
1089.  
1090. Because of its large size, the Moon doesn’t actually orbit Earth at all. Instead, Earth and Moon orbit each other, around a point between them. This point is called a barycenter, and the illusion the Moon is actually orbiting Earth comes from the fact that the barycenter is currently located inside the Earth’s crust. The fact that the barycenter remains inside the Earth is pretty much the only reason Earth and Moon aren’t classified as a twin planet, instead of a planet and its satellite. However, this may change in the future.
1091. <p><b>
1092. 8 Moon Trash
1093. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/87330209-e1385748978514.jpg?resize=632%2C459" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/87330209-e1385748978514.jpg?resize=632%2C459"
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1095. Everybody knows that man has been on the Moon, but not everyone is aware that he treated the place like a picnic area. Over time, the astronauts who visited the Moon managed to leave quite a bit of trash behind. It is estimated that there’s 181,437 kilograms (about 400,000 lbs) of man-made materials lying around the Moon.
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1097. <div>
1098. <!-- Info News Blog Communication -->
1099. <br />
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1103. Don’t worry, though—it’s not as if the astronauts have been purposely littering the place and throwing sandwich wrappers and banana peels everywhere. Most of that garbage is debris from various experiments, space probes and lunar rovers. Some of it is, in fact, still functional today. There is also some real trash, however, such as astronaut poop containers. Gross.
1104. <p><b>
1105. 7 The Moon Is A Burial Ground
1106. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/180524655-e1385748628656.jpg?resize=632%2C421" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/180524655-e1385748628656.jpg?resize=632%2C421"
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1108. Eugene “Gene” Shoemaker, a famous astronomer and geologist, was something of a legend in his field. He invented the scientific research of cosmic impacts and came up with the methods and techniques that Apollo astronauts used to research the Moon.
1109.  
1110. Shoemaker wanted to be an astronaut himself, but was turned down because of a minor medical issue. Throughout his life, this remained his biggest disappointment. Still, hoping against hope, Shoemaker kept on dreaming that he would some day visit the Moon. When he died, NASA fulfilled his most precious wish and sent his ashes to the Moon with the Lunar Prospector in 1998. His ashes remain there, scattered among moon dust.
1111. <p><b>
1112. 6 Lunar Anomalies
1113. <center>
1114. <a href="https://youtu.be/RIjmjnBjxP0"></a></center>
1115. Some of the pictures taken by the various vessels that have visited it show some very strange things on the Moon’s surface. Many of these images seem to show artificial constructs that range from tiny canister-like shapes to the “Shard,” which appears to be a towering structure that could be at least 1.6 kilometers (1 mi) tall. According to paranormal enthusiasts, there’s even a large castle that is suspended high above the surface of the Moon. All of this seems to point toward an advanced civilization that has lived on the Moon and built complicated structures.
1116.  
1117. NASA has never really bothered to debunk these strange theories. This may be because the images showing these “signs of life” have almost certainly been doctored by the conspiracy theorists.
1118. <p><b>
1119. 5 Moon Dust
1120. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/061107_lunar_walk_02.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/061107_lunar_walk_02.jpg?w=632"
1121. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1122. One of the Moon’s most surprising dangers is lunar dust. As everyone knows, sand gets everywhere even on Earth, but on the Moon, it is downright hazardous. Lunar dust is as fine as flour, yet extremely rough. Thanks to this texture and the Moon’s low gravity, it clings absolutely everywhere.
1123.  
1124. NASA has experienced numerous problems caused by moon dust. It has eroded astronauts’ boots almost completely through and sandpapered their visors. It has traveled inside the ships with the space suits and caused “moon hay fever” in the poor astronauts that have inhaled it. It’s thought that prolonged exposure to the stuff could even cause airlocks to fail and space suits to break down.
1125.  
1126. And in case you were wondering: Yes, of course this devilish substance smells like spent gunpowder.
1127. <p><b>
1128. 4 Difficulties With Low Gravity
1129. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Magnificent_desolation_walking_on_the_moon_3d_002-e1385749689894.jpg?resize=632%2C417" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Magnificent_desolation_walking_on_the_moon_3d_002-e1385749689894.jpg?resize=632%2C417"
1130. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1131. Although the gravity on the Moon is only one-sixth of that on Earth, moving on its surface is by no means an easy feat. Buzz Aldrin says the Moon was actually an extremely difficult environment to move in. The space suits were clumsy and their feet sank in the moon dust for up to 15 centimeters (6 in).
1132.  
1133. Despite the low gravity, a person’s inertia (resistance to changes in movement) on the Moon is high, so things got difficult if they wanted to move fast or change directions. If the astronauts wanted to go any faster than slow walking, they had to move in clumsy kangaroo-like bounds. This presented another problem, because the terrain is full of craters and other tripping hazards.
1134. <p><b>
1135. 3 The Moon’s Origin
1136. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/185424064-e1385749894633.jpg?resize=632%2C447" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/185424064-e1385749894633.jpg?resize=632%2C447"
1137. width="150" height="150"/></a></div>
1138. Where did the Moon come from? The short answer is that we don’t really know. However, science is able to hazard a few educated guesses.
1139.  
1140. There are five main theories about the origin of the Moon. The Fission Theory argues that the Moon used to be a part of our planet that was separated at some very early point of Earth’s history. This would make the Moon part to what is currently the Pacific Ocean basin. The Capture Theory says that the Moon was just wandering the universe until our gravitational field caught it. Other theories say our satellite was either condensed from a bunch of asteroids or the remains of Earth’s collision with an unknown Mars-sized planet.
1141.  
1142. Currently, the most likely candidate for the Moon’s origin story is the Ejected Ring Theory, which is better known as Giant Impact Theory. According to this version, a protoplanet (a planet that is forming) called Theia collided with Earth. The ensuing cloud of debris eventually condensed into the Moon.
1143. <p><b>
1144. 2 The Moon And Sleep
1145. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/114366585-e1385749980285.jpg?resize=632%2C421" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/114366585-e1385749980285.jpg?resize=632%2C421"
1146. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1147. The Moon’s effects on Earth and vice versa cannot be denied. However, its effects on humans remain a source of constant debate. Many believe that the full moon brings out the strangest behavior in people, although science hasn’t been able to offer conclusive proof about this. There is one thing science has been able to confirm, though: There’s a very good chance that the moon could disturb our sleep cycle.
1148.  
1149. According to a volunteer-based experiment by the University of Basel in Switzerland, the phases of the moon affect—and disturb—human sleep cycles in a clearly measurable way, and the absolute worst night’s sleep is usually had during the full moon. If accurate, this find could very well explain the whole full moon madness theory: If no one can catch a good night’s sleep during the full moon, it makes sense that time would see quite a lot more strange things than your average night.
1150. <p><b>
1151. 1 Moon Shadows
1152. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Shadow720X4501-e1385750164145.jpg?resize=632%2C395" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Shadow720X4501-e1385750164145.jpg?resize=632%2C395"
1153. width="150" height="150"/></a></div>
1154. When Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin first walked the alien landscape of the Moon, they soon made a jarring discovery: The shadows of the Moon were far darker than those on Earth due to the lack of atmosphere. Everything the Sun didn’t shine directly on was pitch black. Once their foot stepped in a shadow, they could not see it anymore despite the fact that the Sun was blazing in the sky.
1155. <center>
1156. <div>
1157. <!-- Info News Blog Communication -->
1158. <br />
1159. <ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-5153329562612523" data-ad-slot="4311281772" style="display: inline-block; height: 90px; width: 250px;"></ins><script>
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1162. Although they soon found they could adjust to the shadows, the constant contrast between dark shadowy areas and sunny ones remained a challenge. Things got even stranger when they noticed that some of the shadows—namely, their own—had halos. They later learned eerie experience was caused by the opposition effect, a phenomenon that makes certain dark, shadowed areas appear surrounded by a bright aureole when they’re viewed in a certain angle to the Sun.
1163.  
1164. The shadows of the Moon caused mischief on many Apollo missions. Some astronauts found their maintenance tasks impossible because their own hands blocked out what they were doing, while others thought they were landing on a steep slope because of the deep shadows that seemed like a cavern.
1165.  
1166. </content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/7640295690796809355'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/7640295690796809355'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aryodanter.blogspot.com/2017/02/10-strange-secrets-of-moon.html' title='10 Strange Secrets Of The Moon'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7543881694514639380.post-3820107317516128250</id><published>2017-02-20T11:04:00.002-08:00</published><updated>2017-04-10T09:02:03.159-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="News"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Technology"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="World"/><title type='text'>10 Traits Aliens Must Have According To Science</title><content type='html'>If you believe what Hollywood tells us about alien life forms you’ll probably assume they’d be giant, slimy and really, really anti-human. As scientists don’t make a lot of movies, and movie producers aren’t typically awesome at science, this isn’t a very accurate portrayal of the interstellar life that’s at all likely to ever reach Earth.
1167.  
1168. Don’t get me wrong, it probably still won’t go well for us, but the faces of the creatures that would change our world forever will look very different to how we’ve imagined them. To set the record straight, great minds like Stephen Hawking and his contemporaries have given their opinions on what traits an alien race would have to possess in order to make it across the galaxy and pay a visit to the human homeworld.
1169. <p><b>
1170. 10 Aggressiveness
1171. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/149075263.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/149075263.jpg?w=632"
1172. width="150" height="150"/></a></div>
1173. What separates humans from other species on the planet in terms of evolution comes down to a simple principle: aggression. For any species to thrive within a given habitat it has to confront adversity and overcome it. These struggles drive evolutionary adaptation. The dominant life form on a planet (which aliens would almost certainly have to be) must have been able to master their environment.
1174. <center>
1175. <div>
1176. <!-- Info News Blog Communication -->
1177. <br />
1178. <ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-5153329562612523" data-ad-slot="4311281772" style="display: inline-block; height: 90px; width: 250px;"></ins><script>
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1181. A paper published by the University of Missouri suggests this means they would be aggressive—they would populate and conquer their surroundings in order to progress. If they are more intelligent than we are, they will likely see us as a resource, the way we view farm animals and their habitats.
1182. <p><b>
1183. 9 Explorers <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/178489151.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/178489151.jpg?w=632"
1184. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1185. Any life form that reaches Earth will, by definition, be an explorer. Looking to our own culture for clues, we immediately see how unexplored territories are targeted for their resources. We wonder what lands might possess that can help further our causes. Look at Columbus and the Americas, Marco Polo and the East Indies, the Vikings and most of Europe.
1186.  
1187. According to Stephen Hawking, aliens are likely to seek out other planets in order to colonize them or mine them for resources. Aliens may not come to destroy our planet, but they will in all likelihood seek to exploit what they find to increase their race’s reach, as again this is the hallmark of a developed species.
1188. <p><b>
1189. 8 Viral And Bacterial Immunity
1190. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/133998208.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/133998208.jpg?w=632"
1191. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1192. It’s a common trope in Science Fiction that aliens, having never encountered Earth bacteria before, will succumb to simple diseases which they have no immunity to. Just look at the pilgrims and conquistadors, and the havoc smallpox and typhus wreaked on unexposed native populations. But conquistadors and Aztecs were both human. According to Seth Shostak, senior engineer from SETI, bacteria are limited to the life forms they are biochemically related to.
1193.  
1194. Our germs have evolved to survive on our unique DNA. Even viruses and bacterial infections that infect one species on our planet will only rarely spread to another. Dogs don’t routinely get the ‘flu, for example. Any alien life form that invaded earth will likely be immune to earthly diseases, so don’t expect a War of the Worlds solution.
1195. <p><b>
1196. 7 They Won’t Eat Humans
1197. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/head.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/head.jpg?w=632"
1198. width="150" height="150"/></a></div>
1199. What if they want to feed on us? While a scary thought, it’s unlikely. A race advanced enough to achieve space travel surely will have conquered its need to prey on living animals. The journey to earth from any potentially life-supporting planet is incredibly long, and for any species to attempt it they would have to have sustainable food production methods already in place.
1200.  
1201. Further, the digestive setup of a creature that evolved in a different sector of the universe is not very likely to be compatible with the kinds of proteins found on our planet. It would be inconceivable that the minimal nourishment resources found on our planet would ever justify the energy spent to obtain it. An alien race would already be adept at harnessing energy by that point. So we won’t be cattle.
1202. <p><b>
1203. 6 Impersonal Killers
1204. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/pesticide.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/pesticide.jpg?w=632"
1205. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1206. How many people have ever moved into a new home and found a colony of bugs as an extremely unwelcome surprise? How many of those people then squished each and every offender by hand, swinging the shoe of death over and over again until the job was done? No, most people would call an exterminator to gas the home and lay down poisons for the survivors.
1207.  
1208. Aliens, like any advanced species, will make use of technology to their advantage. They will probably eradicate the life forms on a planet they are considering for their own uses before landing. Forget skies filled with single-pilot saucers firing laser beams at the Capitol Building. Expect a quick and efficient, probably biological, end to our existence.
1209. <p><b>
1210. 5 Not Giant Insects
1211. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/176789717.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/176789717.jpg?w=632"
1212. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1213. While it’s scary as crap to picture aliens as giant forms of the animals that give us the creeps on Earth, it isn’t scientifically plausible. This concept is born more out of a fear of losing our dominance on this planet combined with an evolved disgust response to disease-carriers.
1214.  
1215. In reality, the body structure of an insect only functions on a small scale. As they do not have oxygenated blood, they cannot take in enough oxygen from our atmosphere to grow larger than they do. In prehistoric times, when the atmosphere was much more oxygen rich, they did grow to distressing sizes, but we’re talking around a meter long. The image of roach-like creatures towering over us is pure fantasy. Sorry Heinlein.
1216. <p><b>
1217. 4 Super Intelligence
1218. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/communication.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/communication.jpg?w=632"
1219. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1220. This is a given. However, in a ton of movies, alien races are depicted as feudal, territorial beings that destroy everything in their paths. This doesn’t make sense. In order to organize the kind of effort needed to achieve interstellar travel, a highly advanced intelligence will need to be present. While the species may be, as noted before, aggressive towards other life forms they encounter and even their own race, the chances of them being intergalactic warlords are considerably low.
1221. <center>
1222. <div>
1223. <!-- Info News Blog Communication -->
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1228. It is more likely that they will be calculating, controlled beings making precise decisions—more like playing chess than dodge ball. Species based in aggression with lower intelligence tend to focus their energies towards one another and survival. For a race of beings to advance beyond the levels we have seen in our own civilization would suggest the need to lay individual differences aside in favor of mutual interests. The skills necessary for long-distance travel and exploration coincide with the key signs of intelligence in nature. Memory, self-awareness, cognition of motives, and creativity must be present before a considerable level of scientific proficiency could ever be achieved.
1229. <p><b>
1230. 3 Non-Humanoid
1231. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/nonhuman.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/nonhuman.jpg?w=632"
1232. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1233. It happens in countless TV shows and movies. Aliens appear on screen that resemble normal humans in face paint (I’m looking at you Darth Maul and every Star Trek character ever). This is convenient from a prop standpoint but not very likely at all in the realm of science. Humans developed as the result of specific environmental conditions.
1234.  
1235. We stood erect to cover greater distances and free our hands to manipulate tools. We formed thumbs as a response to our early tree-dwelling lives. But if a planet doesn’t have trees, it is going to be unusual to develop an appendage adept at manipulating them. There’s no way to tell exactly what an alien species will look like but most likely they will be fast, enabling their early survival and the ability to hunt for prey. They will have very well-developed sensory organs. One would expect (but cannot guarantee) rudimentary traits present in most earth-based life forms: mouths, eyes, a form of hearing and an efficient form of locomotion, such as legs. They must have been predators and will likely possess vestigial traits to indicate this.
1236. <p><b>
1237. 2 Speech And Writing
1238. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/alienwriting.gif?resize=632%2C361" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/alienwriting.gif?resize=632%2C361"
1239. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1240. For a civilization to develop it must communicate. A long-distance form of communication will have to be present in order to organize in large numbers and disseminate information, which is crucial to social development. Like humans, aliens would need the ability to communicate complex theories with one another, and record them, thereby assisting the next generation through learning. Without some form of writing, it is unlikely we would have ever passed beyond the barrier of individual generational limitations.
1241.  
1242. The type of speech employed by interstellar travellers, and how it might be recorded, is somewhat of a mystery, however. Depending on their environments, sound waves may not be the most effective approach. Perhaps they will use vibrations that are received via specialized sensory organs, or maybe they will, as Hollywood would have us believe, speak telepathically. Telepathy has yet to be proven in any other species however, so that would more likely be a secondary development or the result of technology.
1243. <p><b>
1244. 1 No Super Strength
1245. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/162247792.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/162247792.jpg?w=632"
1246. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1247. Aliens will not be super strong. Once reaching the level of technological proficiency required to be space explorers, the need for brute strength should be several thousand years removed from its usefulness. These creatures will be lean and efficiently designed beings, using minimal energy to power their bodies.
1248. Energy consumption dictates survival on a large scale. Larger muscles use more energy and require more upkeep, which diverts energy away from evolutionary progress.
1249.  
1250. A scientifically advanced culture would no longer require physical strength to manipulate its surroundings, and a species that has put its evolutionary chips on complex social bonds, abstract thinking and communicating, and fine motor skills and tool manipulation, all of which are necessary to develop interstellar travel, will probably not have the resources left to devote to physical strength or speed.
1251.  
1252. </content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/3820107317516128250'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/3820107317516128250'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aryodanter.blogspot.com/2017/02/10-traits-aliens-must-have-according-to.html' title='10 Traits Aliens Must Have According To Science'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7543881694514639380.post-2422917173792328384</id><published>2017-02-20T10:40:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2017-04-10T09:21:28.810-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="News"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Technology"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="World"/><title type='text'>10 Reasons That We Still Haven’t Found Aliens</title><content type='html'>The Fermi Paradox, first introduced by physicist Enrico Fermi, asks the question, “Where is everybody?” Or, more specifically, “Where are all the aliens?”
1253.  
1254. When we factor in the size of the universe, the number of Earth-like planets, and a range of other variables (as outlined in the Drake equation), there should be tens of thousands or more extraterrestrial civilizations in the galaxy. And with the galaxy being around 10 billion years old, scientists say that intelligent worlds have had plenty of time to contact one another. So if aliens should statistically exist, why haven’t we encountered any yet?
1255.  
1256. <p><b>
1257. 10 Earth Is Special
1258. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/01.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/01.jpg?w=632"
1259. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1260. The Rare Earth Hypothesis suggests that the chain of events that created life on this planet was so complex that only a biological perfect storm could recreate it elsewhere. While there may be Earth-like planets, none of them have exactly what it takes for intelligent life to develop. In other words, we haven’t met any aliens, because none are out there, or they are so few and far between that contact is highly improbable.
1261.  
1262. The major factor that makes Earth so hospitable to life is its long period of relatively stable climatic conditions, which is due to the planet’s unique orbit and position. Without our precise distance from the Sun and Moon, the planet would likely be too hot or cold, have too little oxygen, and be too unstable to support any life beyond bacteria.
1263.  
1264. Paleontologist Peter Ward and astronomer Donald Brownlee were the first to introduce the Rare Earth Hypothesis. Even though nearly 15 years have passed since they publicized the theory, and Earth-like planets have since been detected, they are still confident that the odds of those worlds having life are extraordinarily low.
1265. <p><b>
1266. 9 All Intelligent Life Hits A Stumbling Block
1267. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/02.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/02.jpg?w=632"
1268. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1269. According to the Great Filter theory, alien life does exist, but intelligent life is incapable of technologically advancing enough for long-distance space communication or travel. Although our modern spaceships, satellites, and radios may make it seem like we’re getting closer, we’ll inevitably reach a barrier or catastrophe that will either wipe us out or cause technology to devolve.
1270.  
1271. We know cataclysmic natural disasters periodically strike Earth, so it’s possible that these types of events hit worlds everywhere, sending intelligent life back to the Stone Age before technology can adequately develop. Or, maybe we annihilate ourselves, such as through nuclear war. Whatever the filter is, it seems to mean nothing but bad news for humans. Not only will we never communicate with space beings—we’ll probably die trying.
1272.  
1273. However, there is one possible bright side. Some think that we are the first individuals to make it past the filter, so we’ll eventually be the first super-intelligent beings to roam space.
1274. <p><b>
1275. 8 They’ve Moved Out Of The Universe
1276. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/03.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/03.jpg?w=632"
1277. width="150" height="150"/></a></div>
1278. According to futurist John Smart’s Transcension Hypothesis, intelligent alien life once existed in our universe, yet it became so advanced that it moved on to greener pastures. More specifically, aliens became so evolved that they stopped looking at outer space and instead focused on inner space.
1279.  
1280. The concept can be compared to the miniaturization we’ve experienced in computers. What initially began as an enormous, room-filling technology progressively became smaller (even pocket-sized) while simultaneously growing in complexity and power. To Transcension supporters, intelligent life evolves in much the same way, constantly working toward a denser, more efficient use of space, time, energy, and matter (“STEM compression“). Eventually, we’ll be living and operating at the nano-scale until we become so small that we create and exist in a black hole outside this space-time continuum.
1281.  
1282. To Smart and others, black holes are the ultimate destination. They allow for ideal computing and learning, time travel, energy harvesting, and more. Civilizations that don’t achieve this destiny are failures.
1283.  
1284. Other cosmic beings may be working toward their own transcendence. Like humans, they might emit space broadcasts, but these types of signals are supposedly the work of immature civilizations and are unlikely to be successful. Also, based on Moore’s Law (that computing power doubles every two years), these beings would likely reach transcendence before exploring the cosmos.
1285. <center>
1286. <div>
1287. <!-- Info News Blog Communication -->
1288. <br />
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1292. <p><b>
1293. 7 Earth Isn’t As Great As We Think
1294. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/04.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/04.jpg?w=632"
1295. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1296. Perhaps it’s hubris to think that aliens would even have an interest in us or our planet. Worlds far more interesting and life-supporting may exist, and intelligent beings would much rather spend their time focusing on super-habitable places rather than Earth. This theory is the complete opposite of the Rare Earth theory—Earth isn’t special at all.
1297.  
1298. An alien race capable of traveling or communicating across light years would no more care about chitchatting with us than a human would converse with a fly. Likewise, they’d undoubtedly have their own superior technologies and would not require any of our measly resources. If, however, they did need to harvest minerals or elements, they wouldn’t have to visit Earth. Those things are found floating all over space.
1299.  
1300. Furthermore, no matter how intelligent the beings, traveling across light years is no easy feat. What are the odds they’d invest all that energy coming here when there are 8.8 billion Earth-like planets in the Milky Way? For followers of this theory, to think Earth is everyone’s destination is to suffer from the same geocentrism that led to Galileo’s erroneous persecution.
1301. <p><b>
1302. 6 We’re Living In A Virtual Reality
1303. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/05.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/05.jpg?w=632"
1304. width="150" height="150"/></a></div>
1305. Arguably one of the most difficult to accept explanations to the Fermi Paradox is the Planetarium Hypothesis. Our world is a “form of virtual reality ‘planetarium,’ designed to give us the illusion the universe is empty.” We haven’t discovered any extraterrestrial life because those extraterrestrials haven’t designed that into the program.
1306.  
1307. The fundamentals of this theory date back to Descartes, who asked, “How can we know that the world around us is real—are we just a brain in a vat, which thinks it’s living in the real world?”
1308.  
1309. Instead of being brains in a vat, however, most modern supporters of this notion think we’re in a computer simulation designed by advanced aliens. These aliens are capable of harnessing enough energy to manipulate matter and energy on galactic scales. Why would the aliens want to watch us like ants in a farm? Maybe just for fun, or maybe they just made us to see if they could.
1310.  
1311. As unlikely as the Planetarium Hypothesis may sound, professional philosophers and physicists are serious about this idea. They say that we’re more likely to be artificial intelligences in a fabricated world than to have our own minds. Furthermore, we will likely discover the simulation, since we’ll inevitably notice a glitch in the system or devise an adequate test to prove the theory.
1312. <p><b>
1313. 5 We Live In The Cosmic Boonies
1314. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/06.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/06.jpg?w=632"
1315. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1316. Although intelligent alien life might exist, our planets may be too far apart to make communication practical or purposeful. Earth may be so far away from other inhabited planets that we’ve simply been overlooked. If that doesn’t feel lonely enough, some claim most other worlds exist relatively close together in clusters and are interacting with each other, while we’re off in cosmic no-man’s-land missing out on the party.
1317.  
1318. The roots of this idea come from a mathematical theory known as percolation, which describes how things clump in a random environment. Based on the percolation theory, the universe naturally formed with areas of large clustered growth and a few smaller areas of growth in outlier positions. Other intelligent beings are in the big cluster, and Earth is an isolated outlier.
1319.  
1320. Instead of trying to make contact with these faraway beings, some, like Stephen Hawking, suggest that we continue to lie low. Hawking says that if we pick up on an alien signal, “We should be wary of answering back, until we have evolved.” Otherwise, we may suffer a fate akin to the Native Americans after Columbus arrived.
1321. <p><b>
1322. 4 We Haven’t Spotted Their Signals (Yet)
1323. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/07.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/07.jpg?w=632"
1324. width="150" height="150"/></a></div>
1325. Scientists like Frank Drake and the late Carl Sagan have argued the “absence of evidence is very different from evidence of alien absence.” Alien hunting has been held back by lack of government funding, which is necessary to afford extensive alien-tracking equipment and resources. Historically, the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) programs have had to rely on borrowed radio telescopes and other equipment, which they could only use for a limited time. These hindrances have made it virtually impossible to make any real progress.
1326.  
1327. Still, there is some good news—at least for those who think making alien contact is a good idea. The Allen Telescope Array, a radio telescope array specially designed to search for extraterrestrial intelligence, became operational in 2007. This mega-telescope (consisting of 42 individual 6-meter-wide (20 ft) telescopes) was largely funded by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen. After numerous setbacks, it finally seems ready to begin doing some serious space exploration. If anything on Earth is capable of picking up alien signals, this is the device.
1328. <p><b>
1329. 3 We Can’t Recognize Their Signals
1330. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/08.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/08.jpg?w=632"
1331. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1332. Even if other planets are hospitable to life, would the beings there evolve similarly to living things on Earth? Maybe they are so different that neither of us would recognize a signal from the other. Comparable to how bats visualize sound waves while we only see light, it’s possible that humans and aliens operate with entirely different senses.
1333.  
1334. As cosmologist and astrophysicist Lord Rees pointed out, “They could be staring us in the face, and we just don’t recognize them. The problem is that we’re looking for something very much like us, assuming that they at least have something like the same mathematics and technology. I suspect there could be life and intelligence out there in forms we can’t conceive.”
1335.  
1336. Things get especially tricky when trying to connect with a highly advanced race because they might use communication methods (such as neutrinos or gravitational waves) beyond our technological understanding. Likewise, our primitive radio emissions might look like nothing more than white noise to them. If aliens and people are indeed extremely unalike, it’s unlikely that we’ll ever make contact and solve the Fermi paradox—especially so long as we’re anthropomorphizing aliens and expecting them to communicate as we do.
1337. <p><b>
1338. 2 Super-Organisms Are Inherently Suicidal
1339. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/09.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/09.jpg?w=632"
1340. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1341. The Medea Hypothesis, coined by paleontologist Peter Ward, is the notion that humans and other super-organisms carry within themselves the seeds of self-destruction. In this way, it very much ties in with the Great Filter theory, since it suggests that we end up dying before evolving enough to make alien contact.
1342.  
1343. The hypothesis is named after the murderous Medea from Greek mythology, who killed her own children. In this case, the planet is Medea, and all living things are her offspring. We don’t want to die, but Mother Earth made us destined to kill ourselves. Extinction is built into our biology to ensure that we are eliminated before we create too much of an imbalance on Earth. Once humans become an incurable plague on the planet, we will do something to guarantee our own demise.
1344.  
1345. Ward believes that almost all previous mass extinctions were brought on by living organisms. For instance, he blames the two Snowball Earth periods from millions of years ago on plants that proliferated so wildly that they absorbed excessive amounts of CO2. This brought about global cooling and consequently the plants’ demise. Similarly, if humans really are the root of today’s climate change, we may be well on the way to guaranteeing that our own species can’t survive on the planet.
1346.  
1347. In short, our internal suicidal clock will run out long before we get the chance to connect with aliens.
1348. <p><b>
1349. 1 They Walk Among Us
1350. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/10.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/10.jpg?w=632"
1351. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1352. It sounds like science fiction, yet people in prominent positions are confident that aliens live and work all around us. For example, former Canadian defense minister Paul Hellyer gave an interview in 2014 in which he claimed that 80 different species of alien life live on Earth. Some of them (including Nordic blondes) look nearly identical to humans. Another group, the “Short Greys,” appear more like stereotypical aliens and stay relatively hidden from the general population.
1353.  
1354. Hellyer is not alone in his claims. Physicist Paul Davies from Arizona State University and Dr. Robert Trundle from Northern Kentucky University have similar opinions about the existence of aliens on the planet. To Hellyer, Davies, Trundle, and those who share their beliefs, the Fermi paradox has already been answered—aliens do exist, and whether humans realize it or not, they interact with us on a daily basis.
1355.  
1356. Despite experiencing a great deal of criticism from their peers and the public, these men continue to be outspoken in their opinions.
1357. <center>
1358. <div>
1359. <!-- Info News Blog Communication -->
1360. <br />
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1364.  
1365.  
1366.  
1367. </content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/2422917173792328384'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/2422917173792328384'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aryodanter.blogspot.com/2017/02/10-reasons-that-we-still-havent-found.html' title='10 Reasons That We Still Haven’t Found Aliens'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7543881694514639380.post-3670569818868585533</id><published>2017-02-20T10:25:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2017-04-18T07:58:39.922-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="News"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Technology"/><title type='text'>10 Discoveries That Show Our Ancestors’ Obsession With Astronomy</title><content type='html'>Our ancestors were incredibly intelligent, and many discoveries over the years have turned up evidence of what they studied and observed. One subject that they especially focused on was astronomy. Some of our ancestors’ most impressive feats were related to what they saw in the heavens.
1368. <p><b>
1369. 10 The Dresden Codex
1370. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Dresden-Codex.png?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Dresden-Codex.png?w=632" width="150" height="150"/></a></div>
1371. The Dresden Codex is a Mayan manuscript that was given to the Royal Library in Dresden, Germany, sometime in the 1730s. The manuscript didn’t get any real attention until the late 1800s, when Ernst Forstemann, a German mathematician, concluded that much of the book was related to the planet Venus, although no one could read Mayan hieroglyphics at the time. Finally, in the 1920s, John Teeple, a chemical engineer, said that the text was a complex system that tracked the movements of Venus.
1372.  
1373. The manuscript dates back to the tenth century and was written by an astronomer who dutifully tracked Venus over a 25-year period. All of this occurred 500 years before Copernicus recorded the movements of the planets. Venus’s path was tracked and measured because the Maya timed certain large-scale ceremonies to the planet.
1374. <p><b>
1375. 9 The Seasonal Monolith
1376. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Gardoms-Edge-Monolith.png?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Gardoms-Edge-Monolith.png?w=632" width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1377. Located on a ridge known as Gardom’s Edge in Manchester, England, a 2.1-meter-tall (7 ft), 4000-year-old monolith stands. The monolith is triangular in shape, and its north-facing side is flat. Other Neolithic-era discoveries nearby suggest that the site had some sort of special meaning.
1378.  
1379. While we don’t know the significance the area had to ancient peoples, we know that the monolith had an ingenious use—marking the seasons. Based on how the monolith was illuminated, the seasons could be distinguished. During winter, the slanted side of the monolith would cast a shadow. During summer, there would only be shadows in the morning and afternoon. In midsummer, the stone would shine brightly all day.
1380. <p><b>
1381. 8 Babylonian Astronomical Geometry
1382. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Babylonian-Astronomical-Geometry.png?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Babylonian-Astronomical-Geometry.png?w=632" width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1383. Astronomical geometry, the system of calculation used to predict the movements of heavenly bodies, was long believed to have first been developed by medieval mathematicians at Oxford University in the 14th century. However, a Babylonian clay tablet bearing almost indistinguishable marks disproves that notion. The deciphered tablet shows what is believed to be the earliest system of astronomical calculation and dates to at least 1,400 years earlier than the developments at Oxford.
1384.  
1385. The Babylonian system was developed somewhere between 350 and 50 BC and was used to track the movements of Jupiter, or the “white star,” as they referred to it. The tablet was one of four others known to deal with geometry, but they couldn’t be read until 2015, when a sort of Babylonian Rosetta Stone was discovered, allowing for the tablets to be understood. All of the tablets were complex sets of calculations that were themselves abbreviated from another, more complete table of geometric formulations.
1386. <p><b>
1387. 7 The Antikythera Mechanism
1388. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Antikythera-Mechanism.png?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Antikythera-Mechanism.png?w=632" width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1389. The Antikythera Mechanism, named for the Greek island it was discovered near, was found in 1901 in the wreckage of a ship dating back to the first century BC. Over the years, historians have puzzled over the artifact’s use, and it was soon discovered to be a mechanical device that served as a calendar to measure the positions of the Sun, Moon, stars, and planets. However, we only recently learned who the device was meant for—philosophers and students.
1390.  
1391. According to a 3,500-character fragment (only a quarter of the original text) found inside the device, it wasn’t meant to be used as a research tool or for calculations but for teaching philosophy students about the cosmos and man’s place in the universe. It was a sort of textbook that taught what the ancients knew about astronomy and its implications for their lives.
1392. <div>
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1398. <p><b>
1399. 6 The Stargazing Tombs
1400. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Aldebran-Viewing-Tomb.png?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Aldebran-Viewing-Tomb.png?w=632" width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1401. In Portugal, 6,000-year-old tombs made of stone slabs were discovered in 2016. The tombs may have had a significant use—viewing Aldebaran, the red star which is brightest in the Taurus constellation. Like a telescope without a lens, many of the tunnels are aimed to give an unobstructed view of Aldebaran that is enhanced by the structures.
1402.  
1403. The star may have been important to shepherds, who led their flocks to summer grazing grounds in the mountains. Viewing Aldebaran would have been an important event that would have coincided with its appearance in the morning twilight. The tombs weren’t just for burial; they were for rites of passage. Many such ceremonies involved entrusting an astronomical secret to initiates, in this case, Aldebaran.
1404. <p><b>
1405. 5 The ‘Demon Star’ Calendar
1406. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Algol.png?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Algol.png?w=632" width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1407. The Cairo Calendar, also known as the “Demon Star” Calendar, dates between 1237 and 1163 BC. The “demon star” is a flickering star known as Algol, which is one of the calendar’s focuses. The Cairo Calendar tells which days were supposed to be “lucky” or “unlucky,” and astronomers began to notice a pattern in the calendar. This pattern was detected every 2.85 days, which matches the regular dimming of Algol.
1408.  
1409. “Algol” comes from the Arabic phrase ra’s al-ghul, which means “the demon’s head,” but the Egyptians called it Wadjet or the “Eye of Horus.” To the Egyptians, when the Eye of Horus was bright, it meant that Horus was raging and angry, but when it was closed, it meant he was pacified.
1410.  
1411. The significance to us, however, of the Egyptians tracking Algol comes from the fact that it is the first recorded instance of observations on a variable star. Before the discovery of the Cairo Calendar, the first instance of anyone tracking a variable star didn’t occur until 3,000 years later.
1412. <p><b>
1413. 4 The Greek Constellation Wine Cup
1414. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Greek-Constellation-Cup.png?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Greek-Constellation-Cup.png?w=632" width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1415. For many years, historians thought that an ancient two-handled Greek wine cup, now held at Lamia Archaeological Museum in Greece, was decorated with nothing more than innocuous depictions of animals. However, after closer examination, the cup was found to possibly illustrate images of star constellations.
1416.  
1417. The actual artifact dates to 625 BC and received no real attention when first discovered. While many Greek objects were decorated with hunting scenes, this wine cup was different: Several animal species were out of place. For instance, dolphins are depicted alongside land animals, while scorpions are featured prominently at a time when they were rarely shown alongside other animals.
1418.  
1419. Why would the Greeks create such a peculiar artifact? To serve as a calendar. The cup was a simple display of constellation positions throughout the seasons, a subject that the ancient Greeks took seriously and studied dutifully. Putting such images on the cup was a way of instilling the constellations into whoever used it.
1420. <p><b>
1421. 3 The Great Circles At Orkney
1422. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Great-Circles-Orkney.png?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Great-Circles-Orkney.png?w=632" width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1423. “The Great Circles” is the name given to an extensive Neolithic-era site that is the oldest group of standing stones in Britain, dating back 5,000 years. For many years, it was believed that the Great Circles corresponded in some way to the Sun and Moon; what we didn’t know is just how intricate the Circles actually are. Using cutting-edge 2-D and 3-D construction models, researchers were able to see the precise relationship between the Great Circles and the skies.
1424.  
1425. It seems that not only were the Great Circles in line with several different arrangements of the Sun and Moon, but they were also in line with the landscape and horizon and the movements of the Sun and Moon in that area. It seems that the Circles’ builders knew of the connection between the sky and the Earth and would continue the practice of aligning standing stones for the next 2,000 years.
1426. <p><b>
1427. 2 The Oldest Mayan Calendar
1428. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Xultun-Calendar.png?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Xultun-Calendar.png?w=632" width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1429. In 2012, an excavation of the ninth-century Xultun ruins in Guatemala uncovered a crumbling wall with a mural. When the mural was examined, a room, partly exposed by looters, was found to bear numerals, figural paintings, and most importantly, lunar glyphs. The presence of lunar glyphs suggested that the walls were related to astronomy in some way.
1430.  
1431. The Maya were known to meticulously record astronomical information, so researchers began to look into the theory. After decoding the glyphs and numerals, the walls were found to bear the oldest Mayan calendar ever discovered. The Xultun numerical tables show how extensive Maya knowledge of astronomy was: They created their own system of time measurement based off lunar movements, and some charts even suggest that they observed and studied planetary motions, like the lunar cycles of Jupiter.
1432. <p><b>
1433. 1 Celestial Petra
1434. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/iStock_70685435_SMALL.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/iStock_70685435_SMALL.jpg?w=632" width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1435. Petra was the capital of the little-known Nabatean civilization, which existed from the third century BC to the first century AD. Petra was, among many things, a bustling center of commerce, a religious hot spot, and a city built specifically for celestial deities. The Nabateans worshiped the Sun, and most of the structures built in Petra specifically correspond with it. In fact, on certain times of the year, like the winter solstice, many of the important buildings were brilliantly illuminated by the Sun’s rays.
1436.  
1437. The winter solstice held great importance to the Nabateans, as they believed it marked the birth of their main god, Dushara. In their monastery, Ad Deir, the sacred podium has the effect of creating a sort of light and shadow show during the winter solstice. The extreme dedication that the Nabateans had in order to build their city in complete harmony with the heavenly bodies makes it one of the most impressive feats of man on Earth.
1438. <div>
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1440. <br />
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1443. &lt;/script&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/3670569818868585533'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/3670569818868585533'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aryodanter.blogspot.com/2017/02/10-discoveries-that-show-our-ancestors.html' title='10 Discoveries That Show Our Ancestors’ Obsession With Astronomy'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7543881694514639380.post-612346960425204048</id><published>2017-02-17T09:06:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2017-02-17T09:06:48.333-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="History"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="News"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="World"/><title type='text'>10 Mysterious Hidden Texts</title><content type='html'>The archaeological record is filled with hidden messages from the past. Often, these secret texts hide in plain sight. They are buried under monuments and secreted away in machinery. Many times, they exist concealed in later works, remaining only as traces invisible to the naked eye. Modern technology like X-rays, CT scans, multispectral imaging, and robots are bringing these long-lost works to light.
1444. <p><b>
1445. 10 Codex Selden
1446. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Codex-Selden.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Codex-Selden.jpg?w=632"
1447. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1448. For decades, researchers were convinced that the Codex Selden contained hidden messages beneath its surface. Lost for nearly 500 years under a layer of gypsum and chalk, this precolonial Mexican manuscript is made of leather strips covered with a gesso, a plaster-like material. In 2016, hyperspectral imaging finally allowed researchers to peer within the Mixtec manuscript’s surface, revealing hidden text and images beneath. The technique works by taking high-resolution images across an entire spectrum of wavelengths.
1449.  
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1457. The process of scanning the whole manuscript is ongoing. Until it is completed, researchers are reluctant to comment on the hidden content. What little they have revealed is tantalizing. New characters and text have recently emerged. The hidden text reads sideways across the page, rather than the bottom-to-top orientation of the manuscript’s surface. Researchers report that there are many more discoveries to be made within the pages of the Codex Selden.
1458. <p><b>
1459. 9 Secret Message In Lincoln’s Watch
1460. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Lincolns-Watch.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Lincolns-Watch.jpg?w=632"
1461. width="150" height="150"/></a></div>
1462. On April 13, 1861, Jonathan Dillon, an Irish immigrant and watchmaker, carved a hidden message in Abraham Lincoln’s pocket watch. Employed by M.W. Galt and Co. jewelers in Washington, DC, Dillon was repairing the president’s watch the day Confederate forces fired on Fort Sumter, which led to the US Civil War. The message would remain hidden until the Smithsonian opened the timepiece in 2009.
1463. <div>
1464. <!-- Info News Blog Communication -->
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1469. Dillon’s inscription read: “The first gun is fired. Slavery is dead. Thank God we have a president who at least will try.” Dillon and the president never met, and Lincoln never saw the message hidden within his timepiece.
1470.  
1471. In the 1850s, Lincoln purchased the gold pocket watch from George Chatterton, a jeweler in Springfield, Illinois. Lincoln tended away from the ostentatious, but the gold watch was a sign of his prominent law career. In 1958, the 16th president’s great-grandson, Lincoln Isham, donated the watch to the Smithsonian.
1472. <p><b>
1473. 8 Magic Language Of The Silver Scroll
1474. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Jerash-Scroll.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Jerash-Scroll.jpg?w=632"
1475. width="150" height="150"/></a></div>
1476. In 2014, archaeologists uncovered a small amulet during an excavation of Jerash in Jordan. The site had been home to Greeks, Romans, and then Arabs. However, a devastating earthquake in AD 749 annihilated the settlement. The amulet was a silver scroll measuring 5 centimeters (2 in) long. Corrosion on the exterior belied a delicately coiled silver plate beaten to just .01 centimeters thick. After polishing, the researchers realized there was text. As desperate as they were to determine the message, the plate was too fragile to unroll.
1477.  
1478. In 2015, researchers used CT scanning technology to virtually unroll the scroll. They found 17 lines of text, each containing five letters. The first line contains spells written in Greek. The subsequent lines are completely undecipherable. Linguists believe they are composed in “pseudo-Arabic.” Writing in “secret, magical languages” was common at the time. Given the low literacy rate, even nonsense words could be seen as magic.
1479. <p><b>
1480. 7 Novgorod Codex
1481. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Novgorod-Codex.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Novgorod-Codex.jpg?w=632"
1482. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1483. In 2000, archaeologists excavating Novgorod in Russia discovered the earliest known book made by the Rus’ people. Made of three waxed wooden tablets, the Novgorod Codex contains so much hidden text that is has been labeled a “hyper-palimpsest.” (A palimpsest is a manuscript that has been scraped clean for reuse.) Dated to the 11th century, the Cyrillic text preserved two Psalms. When the wax was removed for conservation, the restorers realized that the wood had retained traces of earlier text, including a number of previously unknown Slavonic compositions of native origin.
1484.  
1485. Recreating these hidden texts is remarkably difficult. Often, the text’s faint traces are indistinguishable from cracks and other irregularities in the wood. The Codex was also reused multiple times, creating layer upon layer of hidden text. The identical handwriting between layers compounds the difficulty. This is the first hyper-palimpsest, and there are no standard techniques for deciphering one . . . yet. The Novgorod Codex may contain dozens—or even hundreds—of hidden text layers.
1486. <p><b>
1487. 6 Mussolini’s Message To The Future
1488. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/iStock-500280209.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/iStock-500280209.jpg?w=632"
1489. width="150" height="150"/></a></div>
1490. In 2016, historians reconstructed a hidden message under the base of Rome’s Mussolini Obelisk. The parchment text, which chronicles fascism’s rise to power and Mussolini’s feats, was buried when the obelisk was erected in 1932. It was largely forgotten over the following decades. Despite still being buried under a 300-ton monument, the Codex Fori Mussolini has been reconstructed from three obscure sources from libraries around Rome.
1491.  
1492. According to researchers, the text was intended for people in the remote future. Classic scholar Aurelio Giuseppe is credited with composing the three-part, 1,200-word eulogy. The text presents Mussolini as a new Roman emperor. The parchment is accompanied by a medal depicting Mussolini wearing a lion skin. Latin was chosen to draw a link between the rise of fascism and the Roman Empire. Ironically, the text can only be unearthed by toppling the obelisk, which would be a symbolic fall of fascism.
1493. <p><b>
1494. 5 Codex Zacynthius
1495. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Codex-Zacynthius.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i0.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Codex-Zacynthius.jpg?w=632"
1496. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1497. In 1861, researchers first detected hidden text in the Codex Zacynthius. The Codex is a palimpsest; the cost of writing materials made recycling manuscripts commonplace. The Codex Zacynthius originally contained a seventh-century account of the Gospel of Luke. In the 13th century, the early text was removed to make way for an Evangeliarium, a collection of Gospel passages.
1498.  
1499. The Codex Zachynthius predates the development of the New Testament, which was crystallized in the 16th-century Textus Receptus. The work’s name derives from the Greek island of Zakynthos, where it was discovered. Since 1984, Cambridge University has housed the mysterious work. In 2014, they raised £1.1 million to purchase it outright. Their goal is to use multispectral analysis to analyze the hidden text. Experts believe there are many more secrets to be discovered in the Codex’s 176 vellum leaves.
1500. <p><b>
1501. 4 Robot Researcher
1502. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Pyramid-Robot.jpg?w=632" imag eanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Pyramid-Robot.jpg?w=632"
1503. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1504. In 2011, archaeologists used the “Djedi” robot to unveil hidden messages in the Great Pyramid of Giza that hadn’t been seen in 4,500 years. The robot returned with images of previously unknown red hieroglyphics. Researchers believe these hidden messages may shed light on the Great Pyramid’s mysterious narrow shafts. First discovered in 1872, two of the shafts link the King’s Chamber to the open air. However, the others lead out of the Queen’s Chamber and disappear into the pyramid’s depths.
1505.  
1506. Rudolf Gantenbrink was the first to explore the shafts with robots in 1993. Nine years later, a second team returned with robots to explore the southern shafts. Both expeditions ended when the robot reached mysterious slabs secured with copper pins. The most recent expedition allowed the robot to use a “micro snake” camera, which penetrated a small hole in the slab, providing a glimpse of the hidden chamber beyond.
1507. <p><b>
1508. 3 Hidden Euripides
1509. A team of researchers from the Universities of Bologna and Gottingen discovered the hidden text of a fifth-century-BC Greek drama beneath a 13th-century-AD prophetic book of the Old Testament. The early work is attributed to Euripides. One of Athens’s foremost dramatists, Euripides completed over 92 plays in his life, but only 19 have survived. His work became a cornerstone of education during the Hellenistic age, and his influence on modern drama is immense.
1510.  
1511. The hidden text was uncovered via multispectral imaging in 2013. The ancient text had been washed off and rewritten over, making it a palimpsest. The manuscript contains not only Euripides’s work, but it is also full of ancient annotations. The text is now housed at the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate’s library in Jerusalem. The Palamedes Project is currently working to create a critical edition of the hidden ancient manuscript, which contains unknown Greek texts.
1512. <p><b>
1513. 2 2,000-Year-Old Jewish Graffiti
1514. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Ancient-Jewish-Graffiti.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Ancient-Jewish-Graffiti.jpg?w=632"
1515. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1516. In 2015, construction workers revealed ancient hidden graffiti from the Second Temple era in Jerusalem. The writing was discovered in a ritual bath (or mikvah) in a cave located under a school. The hidden inscriptions were written in Aramaic. Despite this being the period’s lingua franca, Aramaic inscriptions from the Second Temple era are rare. The graffiti message is written in mud and ash.
1517.  
1518. The inscriptions are very hard to read. Some suspect they are names. Experts have pointed out what appears to be the name “Cohen” and the word avad, meaning “served.” In addition to the writing, there are also dozens of depictions of trees, a boat, and what may be a menorah. Mikvahs were crucial to Jewish culture. According to tradition, the waters couldn’t touch human hands prior to use and needed to be derived from a natural source, like a spring or rainwater.
1519. <p><b>
1520. 1 Hidden Medieval Library
1521. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Book-Binding-Texts.jpg?w=632" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://i2.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Book-Binding-Texts.jpg?w=632"
1522. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1523. With the emergence of the printing press in the 15th century, handwritten manuscripts became passe. Bookbinders cut up or recycled these earlier tomes. They often used the ancient paper to reinforce the spines and covers of the more stylish printed books. Macro X-ray fluorescent spectrometry has allowed researchers glimpses of these medieval text fragments without having to destroy the bookbinding. It not only makes the hidden messages visible; it makes them legible.
1524. <div>
1525. <!-- Info News Blog Communication -->
1526. <br />
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1530. Many of the hidden fragments discovered so far date to the 14th and 15th centuries. However, researchers hold out hope for a medieval Bible or perhaps Carolingian material from the ninth century or earlier. So far, the oldest text discovered dates to the 12th century. It contains an excerpt from an even earlier work of Bede, an eighth-century scholar and monk. In one case, they have found enough contiguous material to create three full manuscript pages.
1531.  
1532. </content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/612346960425204048'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/612346960425204048'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aryodanter.blogspot.com/2017/02/10-mysterious-hidden-texts.html' title='10 Mysterious Hidden Texts'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7543881694514639380.post-4729180594865081245</id><published>2017-02-17T08:55:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2017-04-18T07:58:39.926-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="History"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="World"/><title type='text'>Were the Merovingians Descended from a Monster? Meet the Quinotaur</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/field/image/Merovingians-Descended-from-a-Monster.jpg&quot; image anchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;image border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/field/image/Merovingians-Descended-from-a-Monster.jpg&quot;
1533. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1534. You’ve probably heard of a Minotaur (half-man, half-bull), but what about a Quinotaur? In early Frankish history, there was a “beast of Neptune,” which was said to look like a creature called a Quinotaur. This mysterious mythical only appeared in one text, but he was said to have fathered a line of kings whose descendants still survive today and even made an appearance in The Da Vinci Code .
1535. Merovech, Founder of the Merovingians
1536.  
1537. This story involved the Franks, a Germanic tribe whose descendants eventually migrated to, and ruled parts of, what is now modern France, Germany, and Belgium. In a history of the Frankish people, the cleric Fredegar attributed the founding of its ruling dynasty, the Merovingians, to one guy named Merovech. Gregory of Tours was the first source to mention Merovech. He doesn’t give Merovech a monstrous lineage, instead making him a mortal man who founded a new royal dynasty.
1538. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/Merovech.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/Merovech.jpg"
1539. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1540.  
1541. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/quinotaur-sea-monster.jpg?itok=HQWx7AH-" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/quinotaur-sea-monster.jpg?itok=HQWx7AH-"
1542. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1543. A quinotaur sea monster possessing the king Clodio's wife, who became pregnant with the future king Merovech. Created by Andrea Farronato ( public domain )
1544. Who, or what, was a Quinotaur?
1545.  
1546. Other than the etymological similarity it bears to “Minotaur,” another famous beast, Fredergar’s is the sole reference to Quinotaur in history, so we don’t have any real means of comparison. Some scholars have suggested that “Quinotaur” was a misspelling of “Minotaur.” Bulls weren’t particularly prominent in Franco-Germanic myths, so it’s suggested that this creature was of Latin inspiration. Indeed, even by this time, there was a long tradition of casting the Franks as heirs to the classical Mediterranean (and thus as legitimate heirs of the Romans); after the Trojan War, the Trojans and their allies reportedly fled to the Rhine, where their descendants eventually became the Franks.
1547. <p>
1548. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/misspelling-of-minotaur_0.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/misspelling-of-minotaur_0.jpg"
1549. width="150" height="150"/></a></div>
1550. Is the quinotaur just a misspelling of minotaur (pictured)? ( public domain )
1551. Why did Fredegar suggest that Merovech had a mythical sea creature as a father?
1552. <div>
1553. <!-- Info News Blog Communication -->
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1558. Perhaps Fredegar was elevating Merovech to hero status. A semi-mythical ancestry was a characteristic of many mythological heroes; think of, for example, the Greek king Theseus of Athens, who claimed both the sea god Poseidon and the mortal king Aegeus as his father. In other words, having a sea monster father made Merovech—and his real-life descendants, living and ruling during the times of Gregory and Fredegar—different from those they ruled over, perhaps as demigods or, at least, divinely ordained. Some historians have suggested the Merovingians were indeed thought of as “sacred kings,” somehow more than mortal, men that were holy in and of themselves. The kings would be special, perhaps invincible in battle. The authors of Holy Blood, Holy Grail , who posited that the Merovingians were descended from Jesus—whose hidden bloodline migrated from Israel to France via Mary Magdalene—were big proponents of this theory. Others scholars have suggested that this tale was an attempt to parse out the name “Merovech,” assigning it a meaning of “sea bull,” or some such.
1559.  
1560. Rather than understanding the Quinotaur as a mythological justification for the Merovingians being sacred kings, some think the issue is much simpler. If Merovech was Chlodio’s son by his wife, then he was just your average kind—nothing special. And if Chlodio’s queen had a child by a man who was neither her husband nor a mythical sea creature, then Merovech was illegitimate. Rather than specifying that a mythic creature fathered Merovech, maybe the chronicler deliberately left the king’s parentage—and thus the ancestry of his son, Childeric—ambiguous because, as British Ian Wood wrote in an article, “there was nothing special about Childeric’s birth.”
1561.  
1562. </content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/4729180594865081245'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/4729180594865081245'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aryodanter.blogspot.com/2017/02/were-merovingians-descended-from_17.html' title='Were the Merovingians Descended from a Monster? Meet the Quinotaur'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7543881694514639380.post-2172828475528411596</id><published>2017-02-17T08:51:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2017-02-18T09:12:18.714-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="History"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="News"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="World"/><title type='text'>The Search for a Legendary Land: Does the Truth of Plato’s Atlantis Rest on a Shifting Sea Floor? </title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/field/image/Legendary-Land-Atlantis.jpg&quot; image anchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;image border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/field/image/Legendary-Land-Atlantis.jpg&quot; width=&quot;150&quot; height=&quot;150&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
1563. Plato wrote over two thousand years ago about a prehistoric Atlantean civilization that existed more than nine thousand years before his time, or over eleven thousand years ago. Plato describes a civilization with a Bronze Age level of technology, centered on what was a large “Atlantic island” located somewhere outside the Mediterranean Sea in the Atlantic Ocean.
1564. <div>
1565. <!-- Info News Blog Communication -->
1566. <br />
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1570. Plato wrote two works or “dialogues” called the Timaeus and Critias around 360 BCE and they are the only known works that describe the civilization of Atlantis in detail. They describe the travels to Egypt in about 570 BCE of the Athenian statesman Solon (638–558 BCE). While Solon was in Egypt, some senior Egyptian temple priests told him about the empire of Atlantis and its war against the nations of the eastern Mediterranean, including prehistoric Athens. The Mediterranean war occurred 9,000 years before Solon's time. After the war ended, the Atlantic Island sank and there were destructions of prehistoric Athens. Plato based his Atlantis dialogues on Solon's translation of the Egyptian story.
1571. <p><b>
1572. Historical Fact, or a Noble Lie?
1573.  
1574. In both the Timaeus and Critias, Plato repeatedly describes the Atlantis story as fact, not fiction. However, virtually from the time Plato wrote the dialogues in the 4 th century BCE, many philosophers and scholars have argued that Plato created the Atlantis story as a fiction or “noble lie”. They claim that Plato created a fictitious Atlantis and prehistoric Athens as a metaphor and moral message for a discussion about ideal societies. However, if you take the time to read a translation of the Timaeus and Critias, you will find the degree of detail that Plato uses, particularly to describe the geography of the Atlantic Island and prehistoric Athens, is much more than necessary for a metaphor. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/Athanasius-Kirchers-map.jpg?itok=v8BLoHW2" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/Athanasius-Kirchers-map.jpg?itok=v8BLoHW2" width="150" height="150"/></a></div>
1575. Athanasius Kircher's map of Atlantis, placing it in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. From Mundus Subterraneus 1669, published in Amsterdam. The map is oriented with south at the top. ( Public Domain )
1576.  
1577. Given the thousands of books and location theories already written about Atlantis, it surprises me that virtually all the authors pick parts of Plato's geographical descriptions or greatly alter them so that their theories satisfy only a few of the descriptions. Most commonly, the authors argue that Plato was either wrong in his time or distance calculations, that there was not an Atlantic Island that sank, or that Atlantis' location was not in the Atlantic Ocean. I have spent six years researching all of Plato's descriptions in the Timaeus and Critias as being true and precise.
1578. All of Plato's precise descriptions are explained in Plato’s Caribbean Atlantis —including the location and nature of an Atlantic Island in the Atlantic Ocean as well as the Atlantean Empire and prehistoric Athens of over 11,000 years ago.
1579.  
1580. <p><b>The Hidden Location of the Legendary Island
1581. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/Atlantic-island.jpg?itok=w9uhb2s3" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/Atlantic-island.jpg?itok=w9uhb2s3"width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1582. The "Atlantic island" in the Caribbean. (Image via author)
1583.  
1584. By analyzing Plato’s geographical descriptions of the “Atlantic island” , I have concluded that it was located in the eastern Caribbean region. The Atlantic Island was once a large landmass of over one million square kilometers that occupied the eastern half of the Caribbean Tectonic Plate. It was once above sea level but then most of it “sank” and now forms a large part of the Caribbean Sea floor.
1585.  
1586. Plato’s Atlantean civilization developed more than 11,600 years ago, after what is called the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), which occurred about 20,000 years ago. The LGM was the time during the current Ice Age when glacial ice sheets over Antarctica and much of North America and Eurasia were at their greatest extent and kilometers thick.
1587. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/Last-Glacial-Maximum-in-Eurasia.jpg?itok=z4l7K9W2" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/Last-Glacial-Maximum-in-Eurasia.jpg?itok=z4l7K9W2" width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1588. The extent of the Last Glacial Maximum in Eurasia. ( Public Domain )
1589.  
1590. A warm period we now call the Holocene Epoch began after the LGM and marks the melting of massive quantities of glacial ice and a very large rise in the worldwide sea-level. The sea-level rose about sixty meters (196 feet) between 20,000 to 14,000 years ago, and then rose another sixty meters between 14,000 to 8,000 years ago, before it stabilized to about its present level 8,000-6,000 years ago.
1591.  
1592. If a Caribbean Atlantic Island was once above sea-level over 11,600 years ago, and afterwards was covered by the known sea-level rise from glacial ice melting, it would only be fifty to sixty meters (164 to 196 feet) below the present sea-level. Instead, most of the Caribbean Sea bottom is now thousands of meters below sea-level. The only way the Atlantic Island could “sink” by thousands of meters over a few thousand years is through a series of major subsidences of a large part of the eastern Caribbean Tectonic Plate on which the Caribbean Sea rests. There is no currently accepted geological mechanism for a rapid subsidence of this magnitude.
1593. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/map-of-the-Caribbean-Plate.jpg?itok=5p_FvezF" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/map-of-the-Caribbean-Plate.jpg?itok=5p_FvezF" width="150" height="150"/></a></div>
1594. map of the Caribbean Plate ( CC BY-SA 4.0 )
1595.  
1596. A new geological hypothesis might describe a mechanism for the rapid and deep submergence of the Atlantic Island. I have independently developed this hypothesis but, to date, it has not been fully reviewed and accepted by academic geologists. The hypothesis is a radical departure from conventional thinking about the vertical motion of the Earth’s tectonic plates.
1597.  
1598. <p><b>Prehistoric Geology and Shifting Plates
1599.  
1600. The hypothesis’ basic concept is that during the current Ice Age, the weight of massive volumes of glacial ice that accumulated over the tectonic plates of Antarctica, North America and Eurasia pushed those plates down and caused uplift in remote tectonic plates not covered by ice. One of those remote tectonic plates that were uplifted was the Caribbean Plate and that uplift created an emergent Atlantic Island.
1601. Geological evidence exists of large vertical movements of parts of the Caribbean Plate over many millions of years that correspond to changes in glacial ice thickness; in particular, relatively recent downward movements that could account for the submergence of the Atlantic Island in the past 11,000 years.
1602. <div>
1603. <!-- Info News Blog Communication -->
1604. <br />
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1608. The Great Unknown
1609. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/Underwater-ruins.jpg?itok=eS7xgW7H" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/Underwater-ruins.jpg?itok=eS7xgW7H" width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1610. Underwater ruins, representational image. (Saramarielin/ CC BY 2.0)
1611.  
1612. The ultimate issue to consider is whether the details of Plato’s Atlantis story are based on fact. If Plato did write the truth, then Atlantean civilization developed several thousand years before any known ancient civilization in Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, China or the Americas. All the evidence available shows that Plato believed the Atlantis story and that more of the story once existed but is now lost.
1613.  
1614. Dr. P. P Flambas is author of Plato’s Caribbean Atlantis , analyzing the Ancient Greek philosopher Plato’s writings about Atlantis. The book is available on Amazon, iBookstore, Google Books, Barnes and Noble, Kobo, and many more.
1615. </content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/2172828475528411596'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/2172828475528411596'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aryodanter.blogspot.com/2017/02/the-search-for-legendary-land-does.html' title='The Search for a Legendary Land: Does the Truth of Plato’s Atlantis Rest on a Shifting Sea Floor? '/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7543881694514639380.post-8380961475616118431</id><published>2017-02-12T09:42:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2017-02-12T09:42:28.785-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="History"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="World"/><title type='text'>Were the Merovingians Descended from a Monster? Meet the Quinotaur</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/field/image/Merovingians-Descended-from-a-Monster.jpg&quot; image anchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;image border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/field/image/Merovingians-Descended-from-a-Monster.jpg&quot;
1616. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1617. You’ve probably heard of a Minotaur (half-man, half-bull), but what about a Quinotaur? In early Frankish history, there was a “beast of Neptune,” which was said to look like a creature called a Quinotaur. This mysterious mythical only appeared in one text, but he was said to have fathered a line of kings whose descendants still survive today and even made an appearance in The Da Vinci Code .
1618. Merovech, Founder of the Merovingians
1619.  
1620. This story involved the Franks, a Germanic tribe whose descendants eventually migrated to, and ruled parts of, what is now modern France, Germany, and Belgium. In a history of the Frankish people, the cleric Fredegar attributed the founding of its ruling dynasty, the Merovingians, to one guy named Merovech. Gregory of Tours was the first source to mention Merovech. He doesn’t give Merovech a monstrous lineage, instead making him a mortal man who founded a new royal dynasty.
1621. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/Merovech.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/Merovech.jpg"
1622. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1623.  
1624. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/quinotaur-sea-monster.jpg?itok=HQWx7AH-" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/quinotaur-sea-monster.jpg?itok=HQWx7AH-"
1625. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1626. A quinotaur sea monster possessing the king Clodio's wife, who became pregnant with the future king Merovech. Created by Andrea Farronato ( public domain )
1627. Who, or what, was a Quinotaur?
1628.  
1629. Other than the etymological similarity it bears to “Minotaur,” another famous beast, Fredergar’s is the sole reference to Quinotaur in history, so we don’t have any real means of comparison. Some scholars have suggested that “Quinotaur” was a misspelling of “Minotaur.” Bulls weren’t particularly prominent in Franco-Germanic myths, so it’s suggested that this creature was of Latin inspiration. Indeed, even by this time, there was a long tradition of casting the Franks as heirs to the classical Mediterranean (and thus as legitimate heirs of the Romans); after the Trojan War, the Trojans and their allies reportedly fled to the Rhine, where their descendants eventually became the Franks.
1630. <p>
1631. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/misspelling-of-minotaur_0.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/misspelling-of-minotaur_0.jpg"
1632. width="150" height="150"/></a></div>
1633. Is the quinotaur just a misspelling of minotaur (pictured)? ( public domain )
1634. Why did Fredegar suggest that Merovech had a mythical sea creature as a father?
1635.  
1636. Perhaps Fredegar was elevating Merovech to hero status. A semi-mythical ancestry was a characteristic of many mythological heroes; think of, for example, the Greek king Theseus of Athens, who claimed both the sea god Poseidon and the mortal king Aegeus as his father. In other words, having a sea monster father made Merovech—and his real-life descendants, living and ruling during the times of Gregory and Fredegar—different from those they ruled over, perhaps as demigods or, at least, divinely ordained. Some historians have suggested the Merovingians were indeed thought of as “sacred kings,” somehow more than mortal, men that were holy in and of themselves. The kings would be special, perhaps invincible in battle. The authors of Holy Blood, Holy Grail , who posited that the Merovingians were descended from Jesus—whose hidden bloodline migrated from Israel to France via Mary Magdalene—were big proponents of this theory. Others scholars have suggested that this tale was an attempt to parse out the name “Merovech,” assigning it a meaning of “sea bull,” or some such.
1637.  
1638. Rather than understanding the Quinotaur as a mythological justification for the Merovingians being sacred kings, some think the issue is much simpler. If Merovech was Chlodio’s son by his wife, then he was just your average kind—nothing special. And if Chlodio’s queen had a child by a man who was neither her husband nor a mythical sea creature, then Merovech was illegitimate. Rather than specifying that a mythic creature fathered Merovech, maybe the chronicler deliberately left the king’s parentage—and thus the ancestry of his son, Childeric—ambiguous because, as British Ian Wood wrote in an article, “there was nothing special about Childeric’s birth.”
1639.  
1640. </content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/8380961475616118431'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/8380961475616118431'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aryodanter.blogspot.com/2017/02/were-merovingians-descended-from_12.html' title='Were the Merovingians Descended from a Monster? Meet the Quinotaur'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7543881694514639380.post-1142476038253247349</id><published>2017-02-12T09:29:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2017-02-12T09:29:00.095-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="History"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="World"/><title type='text'>Were the Merovingians Descended from a Monster? Meet the Quinotaur</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/field/image/Merovingians-Descended-from-a-Monster.jpg&quot; image anchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;image border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/field/image/Merovingians-Descended-from-a-Monster.jpg&quot;
1641. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1642. You’ve probably heard of a Minotaur (half-man, half-bull), but what about a Quinotaur? In early Frankish history, there was a “beast of Neptune,” which was said to look like a creature called a Quinotaur. This mysterious mythical only appeared in one text, but he was said to have fathered a line of kings whose descendants still survive today and even made an appearance in The Da Vinci Code .
1643. Merovech, Founder of the Merovingians
1644. <div>
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1654.  
1655.  
1656. This story involved the Franks, a Germanic tribe whose descendants eventually migrated to, and ruled parts of, what is now modern France, Germany, and Belgium. In a history of the Frankish people, the cleric Fredegar attributed the founding of its ruling dynasty, the Merovingians, to one guy named Merovech. Gregory of Tours was the first source to mention Merovech. He doesn’t give Merovech a monstrous lineage, instead making him a mortal man who founded a new royal dynasty.
1657. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/Merovech.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/Merovech.jpg"
1658. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1659.  
1660. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/quinotaur-sea-monster.jpg?itok=HQWx7AH-" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/quinotaur-sea-monster.jpg?itok=HQWx7AH-"
1661. width="150" height="150" /></a></div>
1662. A quinotaur sea monster possessing the king Clodio's wife, who became pregnant with the future king Merovech. Created by Andrea Farronato ( public domain )
1663. Who, or what, was a Quinotaur?
1664.  
1665. Other than the etymological similarity it bears to “Minotaur,” another famous beast, Fredergar’s is the sole reference to Quinotaur in history, so we don’t have any real means of comparison. Some scholars have suggested that “Quinotaur” was a misspelling of “Minotaur.” Bulls weren’t particularly prominent in Franco-Germanic myths, so it’s suggested that this creature was of Latin inspiration. Indeed, even by this time, there was a long tradition of casting the Franks as heirs to the classical Mediterranean (and thus as legitimate heirs of the Romans); after the Trojan War, the Trojans and their allies reportedly fled to the Rhine, where their descendants eventually became the Franks.
1666. <p>
1667. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/misspelling-of-minotaur_0.jpg" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/misspelling-of-minotaur_0.jpg"
1668. width="150" height="150"/></a></div>
1669. Is the quinotaur just a misspelling of minotaur (pictured)? ( public domain )
1670. Why did Fredegar suggest that Merovech had a mythical sea creature as a father?
1671. <div><center>
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1680. Perhaps Fredegar was elevating Merovech to hero status. A semi-mythical ancestry was a characteristic of many mythological heroes; think of, for example, the Greek king Theseus of Athens, who claimed both the sea god Poseidon and the mortal king Aegeus as his father. In other words, having a sea monster father made Merovech—and his real-life descendants, living and ruling during the times of Gregory and Fredegar—different from those they ruled over, perhaps as demigods or, at least, divinely ordained. Some historians have suggested the Merovingians were indeed thought of as “sacred kings,” somehow more than mortal, men that were holy in and of themselves. The kings would be special, perhaps invincible in battle. The authors of Holy Blood, Holy Grail , who posited that the Merovingians were descended from Jesus—whose hidden bloodline migrated from Israel to France via Mary Magdalene—were big proponents of this theory. Others scholars have suggested that this tale was an attempt to parse out the name “Merovech,” assigning it a meaning of “sea bull,” or some such.
1681.  
1682. Rather than understanding the Quinotaur as a mythological justification for the Merovingians being sacred kings, some think the issue is much simpler. If Merovech was Chlodio’s son by his wife, then he was just your average kind—nothing special. And if Chlodio’s queen had a child by a man who was neither her husband nor a mythical sea creature, then Merovech was illegitimate. Rather than specifying that a mythic creature fathered Merovech, maybe the chronicler deliberately left the king’s parentage—and thus the ancestry of his son, Childeric—ambiguous because, as British Ian Wood wrote in an article, “there was nothing special about Childeric’s birth.”
1683.  
1684. </content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/1142476038253247349'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/1142476038253247349'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aryodanter.blogspot.com/2017/02/were-merovingians-descended-from.html' title='Were the Merovingians Descended from a Monster? Meet the Quinotaur'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7543881694514639380.post-6338499763729828416</id><published>2017-02-12T09:24:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2017-02-12T09:24:47.209-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="News"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="World"/><title type='text'>First Ever? Discovery of Philistine Cemetery Draws Criticism</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.livescience.com/images/i/000/084/737/original/ashkeon-cemetary-5.jpg?interpolation=lanczos-none&amp;downsize=*:1400&quot; image anchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;image border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://www.livescience.com/images/i/000/084/737/original/ashkeon-cemetary-5.jpg?interpolation=lanczos-none&amp;downsize=*:1400&quot; width=&quot;150&quot; height=&quot;150&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
1685. A 3,000-year-old graveyard with the bones of about 200 individuals discovered in Ashkelon, Israel, is being hailed as the first (and only) Philistine cemetery ever found.
1686.  
1687. If valid, the finding would reveal more about a mysterious people known as the Philistines. Archaeological evidence suggests that the Philistines came from the Aegean Sea region, along with other groups of people, during the 12th century B.C, at a time when cities and civilizations in Greece and the Middle East were collapsing.
1688.  
1689. According to the Hebrew Bible the Philistines fought a series of battles against the Israelis. The conflict between the Philistine giant Goliath and Israel's King David (who was armed only with a slingshot) is the most famous encounter. Little is known about the burial practices of this culture, archaeologists said.
1690. <div>
1691. <!-- Info News Blog Communication -->
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1696. However, experts not affiliated with the excavations are not yet convinced of the claim, saying that the identity of the people buried at the Ashkelon cemetery is not clear-cut and the finding itself has not been published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. Further muddying the waters, other burials found in known Philistine cities, though never confirmed, also have dibs on the title of "first-discovered Philistine cemetery." [See Photos of the Possible Philistine Cemetery and Artifacts]
1697.  
1698. Archaeologists are waiting to see what the scientific publication of the Ashkelon cemetery will show. "Though the Ashkelon Philistine cemetery received much media attention, the full professional archaeological picture still awaits further clarification," said Shlomo Bunimovitz, an archaeology professor at Tel Aviv University in Israel.
1699.  
1700. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.livescience.com/images/i/000/084/733/i01/ashkeon-cemetary-1.jpg?1468427655?interpolation=lanczos-none&downsize=192:*" image anchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><image border="0" src="http://www.livescience.com/images/i/000/084/733/i01/ashkeon-cemetary-1.jpg?1468427655?interpolation=lanczos-none&downsize=192:*" width="200" height="133" /></a></div>
1701.  
1702. The excavators acknowledge that other burials identified as Philistine have been found before, but say that their finds will show that most of the past discoveries were incorrectly identified as "Philistine."
1703.  
1704. "Ninety-nine percent of the chapters and articles written about Philistine burial customs should be revised or ignored now that we have the first and only Philistine cemetery, found just outside the city walls of Tel Ashkelon, one of the five primary cities of the Philistines," expedition co-director Lawrence Stager, a professor at Harvard University in Massachusetts, said in the press release announcing the find.
1705. Are these Philistine people?
1706.  
1707. Radiocarbon dating and analysis of the cemetery's pots indicate that the cemetery was in use between the late 11th century B.C. and the early eighth century B.C., said Daniel Master, a professor at Wheaton College in Illinois and a co-director of the excavations at Ashkelon.
1708.  
1709. During this time period, Ashkelon was a Philistine city, as were Ashdod, Ekron, Gath and Gaza, according to ancient texts, Master said. [The Holy Land: 7 Amazing Archaeological Finds]
1710.  
1711. "We have a high degree of confidence that Ashkelon was a major Philistine city in this period because of a convergence of earlier and later texts from Egypt, the Hebrew Bible, Assyria and Babylon," Master said. He also noted that the burial styles seen at the cemetery appear different than those of other groups who lived in the region, such as the Canaanites.
1712. <div>
1713. <!-- Info News Blog Communication -->
1714. <br />
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1718. Amihai Mazar, an archaeology professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, said he believes the answer is more complicated. Previous archaeological studies indicate that the Philistines arrived in Israel from the Aegean Sea region during the 12th century B.C., he told Live Science in an interview.
1719.  
1720. By the 10th century B.C., the Philistines were intermixing with the local Canaanite population and adopting local traditions as well as Canaanite artifacts and practices, Mazar said.
1721.  
1722. He said that while you "can call [the cemetery] Philistine," there may be differences between how people were buried in this 3,000-year-old cemetery and how they would have been buried 3,200 years ago, when the Philistines were newcomers to the region.
1723.  
1724. Images of the cemetery published in media outlets show numerous Phoenician pots and a structure with Phoenician architectural elements, Mazar said, adding that these features suggest that some of the people buried in the cemetery could be Phoenician merchants rather than Philistines.
1725.  
1726. Master agreed that not all the people buried in the cemetery were Philistine. "No one can be sure of the affiliation of every person in any ancient cemetery," he said.
1727.  
1728. Additionally, the people buried in the cemetery may not have thought of themselves as being Philistine and may have identified themselves more on the city they lived in or on their religious practices, said Raz Kletter, a professor of theology at the University of Helsinki in Finland.
1729.  
1730. Kletter doesn't dispute that the people buried at Ashkelon used a series of artifacts that modern-day archaeologists identify as belonging to the Philistines. However, that doesn't mean the people buried there thought of themselves as Philistine, he said.  
1731.  
1732. "We do not know how they [the Philistines] viewed themselves, having few written sources that are mostly from outside Philistia," Kletter said. "People living in Iron Age Philistia could identify themselves by city or religion, and not necessarily by an ethnic group."
1733. Is it the first Philistine cemetery ever discovered?
1734.  
1735. Neither Mazar nor Kletter agree with the assertion that the cemetery found at Ashkelon is the only known Philistine cemetery.
1736.  
1737. Kletter has been excavating an ancient city in Israel called Yavneh, which he says also contains artifacts that can be identified as "Philistine." Additionally, he and his colleagues found a cemetery there, which they described in the journal Atiqot in 2015. That cemetery also dates to a time when ancient texts say that Yavneh was a Philistine city. "I believe the people buried there [in Yavneh's cemetery] were Philistines," Kletter said.
1738.  
1739. Other sites with burials that could be considered "Philistine" have also been previously discovered both Kletter and Mazar said.
1740.  
1741. For instance, a Philistine cemetery at Azor, a site located near modern-day Tel Aviv, was excavated in the 1950s by the late archaeologist Moshe Dothan said Mazar. Additionally, some archaeologists consider burials dug up in southern Israel by British archaaeologist Sir Flinders Petrie a century ago to be Philistine, Mazar added.
1742.  
1743. "Ashkelon is not a 'first,' but it is certainly an important find," Kletter said.
1744.  
1745. Identifying a burial as that of a Philistine is difficult because archaeologists have to use ancient records of the areas that the Philistines ruled and try to confirm, using the artifacts they find, that the people in a cemetery are Philistine and not from other groups. These findings are published in scientific journals and can be the subject of debates that can go on for many years.</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/6338499763729828416'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7543881694514639380/posts/default/6338499763729828416'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aryodanter.blogspot.com/2017/02/first-ever-discovery-of-philistine.html' title='First Ever? Discovery of Philistine Cemetery Draws Criticism'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry></feed>

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