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        This will be a significant step towards testing ProtoDUNE for the ne ...
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Source: http://eps.site-ym.com/resource/rss/news.rss

<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<channel>
<title>News & Press</title>
<link>https://www.eps.org/news/</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Read about recent events, essential information and the latest community news. ]]></description>
<lastBuildDate>Tue, 7 May 2024 01:04:02 GMT</lastBuildDate>
<pubDate>Mon, 15 Apr 2024 15:15:00 GMT</pubDate>
<copyright>Copyright © 2024 European Physical Society (EPS)</copyright>
<atom:link href="http://www.eps.org/resource/rss/news.rss" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"></atom:link>
<item>
<title> ProtoDUNE’s argon filling underway</title>
<link>https://www.eps.org/news/670039/</link>
<guid>https://www.eps.org/news/670039/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[12 April, 2024, By Chetna Krishna, CERN<hr /><img alt="" src="https://www.eps.org/resource/resmgr/news_2024/CERN-protodune-20240412.jpg" style="width: 750px;" /> ProtoDUNE begins liquid argon filling (Image: CERN)
This will be a significant step towards testing ProtoDUNE for the next era of neutrino researchCERN’s Neutrino Platform houses a prototype of the <a href="https://www.dunescience.org/" data-mce-href="https://www.dunescience.org/">Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE</a>)
known as ProtoDUNE, which is designed to test and validate the
technologies that will be applied to the construction of the DUNE
experiment in the United States.Recently, ProtoDUNE has entered a
pivotal stage: the filling of one of its two particle detectors with
liquid argon. Filling such a detector takes almost two months, as the
chamber is gigantic – almost the size of a three-storey building.
ProtoDUNE’s second detector will be filled in the autumn.ProtoDUNE
will use the proton beam from the Super Proton Synchrotron to test the
detecting of charged particles. This argon-filled detector will be
crucial to test the detector response for the next era of neutrino
research. Liquid argon is used in DUNE due to its inert nature, which
provides a clean environment for precise measurements. When a neutrino
interacts with argon, it produces charged particles that ionise the
atoms, allowing scientists to detect and study neutrino interactions.
Additionally, liquid argon's density and high scintillation light yield
enhance the detection of these interactions, making it an ideal medium
for neutrino experiments.Interestingly, the interior of the
partially filled detector now appears green instead of its usual golden
colour. This is because when the regular LED light is reflected inside
the metal cryostat, the light travels through the liquid argon and the
wavelength of the photons is shifted, producing a visible green effect.The DUNE
far detector, which will be roughly 20 times bigger than protoDUNE, is
being built in the United States. DUNE will send a beam of neutrinos
from <a href="https://fnal.gov/" data-mce-href="https://fnal.gov/">Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory</a> (Fermilab)
near Chicago, Illinois, over a distance of more than 1300 kilometres
through the Earth to neutrino detectors located 1.5 km underground at
the <a href="https://sanfordlab.org/" data-mce-href="https://sanfordlab.org/">Sanford Underground Research Facility</a> (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota.Watch a short time-lapse video of protoDUNE being filled with liquid argon: <a href="https://youtu.be/FweOvhKsqaM">https://youtu.be/FweOvhKsqaM</a> ]]></description>
<category>News From Europe</category>
<pubDate>Mon, 15 Apr 2024 16:15:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>The CMS experiment at CERN measures a key parameter of the Standard Model</title>
<link>https://www.eps.org/news/669597/</link>
<guid>https://www.eps.org/news/669597/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[<div style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="https://www.eps.org/resource/resmgr/news_2024/CERN-pr-2024-08.jpg" style="width: 750px;" /></div><div style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center;">The CMS experiment (image: CERN) </div><div style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center;">With this measurement the LHC is again demonstrating its ability to provide very high-precision measurements and bringing new insights into an old mystery</div><div style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-align: justify;">Geneva, April 3 2024. Last week, at the annual<a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=u001.OhNCY5GQPYraX1C7copMHytp6DYxyznM7assJDK3Fq7VlSfxPlmwcuGs-2BK1NE-2F9QIO9D_WY9o56kxk3VBPfkhx3fNQYTc4G2A-2FvJCB3yvq-2Bu8eb3G39xBe76yhYBH8tGntREw1Bck7jBKcpoDNGFsbeMSVKcfauOQ6-2FgacBpklRvS2NnNn6JAcXyXUPLy-2BKUrNCFY8-2B-2BpazkBKDvRUaQySRwAan-2FyQNuo6bZxggvK-2B86-2F0n2ntTfIsm-2B-2BAu0Y-2BujWaAgOOr-2BU5Yz3pmXi0mRk9kQdShnnweb4u3jAuXb6VwX-2BUSYM-2BEGk9eTQpEINpEdsvND8PyJgOIIb-2FFDClU8AWDfiyHtbGKyotdRdO4ztye-2BsLNgKGLZxoK9tLVPXwblbVfcu3iQjS1TnNVCs4bJGrqMCBrmZtCGKUQam5Qj9qQ-2FRZeU-3D" style="text-decoration: underline;">Rencontres de Moriond</a>conference, the CMS collaboration presented a measurement of the effective leptonic electroweak mixing angle. The result is the most precise measurement performed at a hadron collider to date and is in good agreement with the prediction from the Standard Model. The Standard Model of Particle Physics is the most precise description to date of particles and their interactions. Precise measurements of its parameters, combined with precise theoretical calculations, yield spectacular predictive power that allows phenomena to be determined even before they are directly observed. In this way, the Model successfully constrained the masses of the W and Z bosons (discovered at CERN in 1983), of the top quark (discovered at Fermilab in 1995) and, most recently, of the Higgs boson (discovered at CERN in 2012). Once these particles had been discovered, these predictions became consistency checks for the Model, allowing physicists to explore the limits of the theory’s validity. At the same time, precision measurements of the properties of these particles are a powerful tool for searching for new phenomena beyond the Standard Model – so-called “new physics” - since new phenomena would manifest themselves as discrepancies between various measured and calculated quantities. The electroweak mixing angle is a key element of these consistency checks. It is a fundamental parameter of the Standard Model, determining how the unified electroweak interaction gave rise to the electromagnetic and weak interactions through a process known as electroweak symmetry breaking. At the same time, it mathematically ties together the masses of the W and Z bosons that transmit the weak interaction. So, measurements of the W, the Z or the mixing angle provide a good experimental cross-check of the Model. The two most precise measurements of the weak mixing angle were performed by experiments at the CERN LEP collider and by the SLD experiment at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). The values disagree with each other, which had puzzled physicists for over a decade. The new result is in good agreement with the Standard Model prediction and is a step towards resolving the discrepancy between the latter and the LEP and SLD measurements. “This result shows that precision physics can be carried out at hadron colliders,” says Patricia McBride, CMS spokesperson.“The analysis had to handle the challenging environment of LHC Run 2, with an average of 35 simultaneous proton-proton collisions. This paves the way for more precision physics at the High-Luminosity LHC, where five times more proton pairs will be colliding simultaneously.” Precision tests of the Standard Model parameters are the legacy of electron-positron colliders, such as CERN’s LEP, which operated until the year 2000 in the tunnel that now houses the LHC. Electron-positron collisions provide a perfect clean environment for such high-precision measurements. Proton-proton collisions in the LHC are more challenging for this kind of studies, even though the ATLAS, CMS and LHCb experiments have already provided a plethora of new ultra-precise measurements. The challenge is mainly due to huge backgrounds from other physics processes than the one being studied and to the fact that protons, unlike electrons, are not elementary particles. For this new result, reaching a precision similar to that of an electron-positron collider seemed like an impossible task, but it has now been achieved. The measurement presented by CMS uses a sample of proton-proton collisions collected from 2016 to 2018 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 137 fb−1, meaning about 11.000 million million collisions!  The mixing angle is obtained through an analysis of angular distributions in collisions where pairs of electrons or muons are produced. This is the most precise measurement performed at a hadron collider to date, improving on previous measurements from ATLAS, CMS and LHCb. Read more:<ul><li class="Body" style="border: none; margin: 0cm;"><a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=u001.gqh-2BaxUzlo7XKIuSly0rCyD3W7V5JK-2FD6LZBvV1dOg2Q9uDpneUh-2BvEs-2Fq9bfFfbfIC11iqbPK72kuSW70uKyA-3D-3DR40-_WY9o56kxk3VBPfkhx3fNQYTc4G2A-2FvJCB3yvq-2Bu8eb3G39xBe76yhYBH8tGntREw1Bck7jBKcpoDNGFsbeMSVKcfauOQ6-2FgacBpklRvS2NnNn6JAcXyXUPLy-2BKUrNCFY8-2B-2BpazkBKDvRUaQySRwAan-2FyQNuo6bZxggvK-2B86-2F0n2ntTfIsm-2B-2BAu0Y-2BujWaAgOOr-2BU5Yz3pmXi0mRk9kQdSkbuyNwBD6t092WgUQP-2FRbi3kwNCr3NX3VpSoJor6m5aHIBorqZoSTjb2pm9qUT58maXQgz-2BPsd7d9Ais8P-2BD2fMbasaMKaYnQJVZ0Z0GTd8LAbP5GOBau6m1s1Qqkrt2nJVQSeq5zx2nBz8BNdHBZw-3D" style="text-decoration: underline;">CMS Physics Analysis Summary</a></li><li class="Body" style="border: none; margin: 0cm;"><a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=u001.gqh-2BaxUzlo7XKIuSly0rC-2FUmLjoBQ-2BSajoECp7oCxfFBK6fqK7ac-2BGInwGs4ZekOio7MmMzBIaMx-2Be3SKSUWNUDTAUlHKl-2FAPDw3lmJdk82jsAgffOTOGywyUzg4QhJONCJ2_WY9o56kxk3VBPfkhx3fNQYTc4G2A-2FvJCB3yvq-2Bu8eb3G39xBe76yhYBH8tGntREw1Bck7jBKcpoDNGFsbeMSVKcfauOQ6-2FgacBpklRvS2NnNn6JAcXyXUPLy-2BKUrNCFY8-2B-2BpazkBKDvRUaQySRwAan-2FyQNuo6bZxggvK-2B86-2F0n2ntTfIsm-2B-2BAu0Y-2BujWaAgOOr-2BU5Yz3pmXi0mRk9kQdSoV5S4NCMA-2Bq7AvcgaQmo0ldfNX6YLRlEMtXoDK6EQJuqBa2KtzFVIA1RBov-2F0WnwaEliHI5uul3ttAK33aL-2F7-2BLV-2F0l207t1ZAx3k6FaJZBZJQvqhBrhImGwzFcVU7LvYKze2twh4UZCKztZxWm18o-3D" style="text-decoration: underline;">CMS Physics Briefing</a></li></ul></div>]]></description>
<category>News From Europe</category>
<pubDate>Tue, 9 Apr 2024 15:55:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title> Groundbreaking survey reveals secrets of planet birth around dozens of stars</title>
<link>https://www.eps.org/news/667048/</link>
<guid>https://www.eps.org/news/667048/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[<img alt="" src="https://www.eps.org/resource/resmgr/news/eso2405a.jpg" style="width: 750px;" />Planet-forming discs in three clouds of the Milky Way - image credit: ESO ESO, 5th March 2024. In a series of studies, a team of
astronomers has shed new light on the fascinating and complex process of
planet formation. The stunning images, captured using the European
Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope (ESO’s VLT) in Chile,
represent one of the largest ever surveys of planet-forming discs. The
research brings together observations of more than 80 young stars that
might have planets forming around them, providing astronomers with a
wealth of data and unique insights into how planets arise in different
regions of our galaxy.
“This is really a shift in our field of study,”
says Christian Ginski, a lecturer at the University of Galway, Ireland,
and lead author of one of three new papers published today in Astronomy & Astrophysics. “We’ve gone from the intense study of individual star systems to this huge overview of entire star-forming regions.”
To date more than 5000 planets have been discovered
orbiting stars other than the Sun, often within systems markedly
different from our own Solar System. To understand where and how this
diversity arises, astronomers must observe the dust- and gas-rich discs
that envelop young stars — the very cradles of planet formation. These
are best found in huge gas clouds where the stars themselves are
forming.
Much like mature planetary systems, the new images showcase the extraordinary diversity of planet-forming discs. “Some of these discs show huge spiral arms, presumably driven by the intricate ballet of orbiting planets,” says Ginski. “Others
show rings and large cavities carved out by forming planets, while yet
others seem smooth and almost dormant among all this bustle of activity,”
adds Antonio Garufi, an astronomer at the Arcetri Astrophysical
Observatory, Italian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), and
lead author of one of the papers.
The team studied a total of 86 stars across three different
star-forming regions of our galaxy: Taurus and Chamaeleon I, both
around 600 light-years from Earth, and Orion, a gas-rich cloud about
1600 light-years from us that is known to be the birthplace of several
stars more massive than the Sun. The observations were gathered by a
large international team, comprising scientists from more than 10
countries.
The team was able to glean several key insights from the
dataset. For example, in Orion they found that stars in groups of two or
more were less likely to have large planet-forming discs. This is a
significant result given that, unlike our Sun, most stars in our galaxy
have companions. As well as this, the uneven appearance of the discs in
this region suggests the possibility of massive planets embedded within
them, which could be causing the discs to warp and become misaligned.
While planet-forming discs can extend for distances
hundreds of times greater than the distance between Earth and the Sun,
their location several hundreds of light-years from us makes them appear
as tiny pinpricks in the night sky. To observe the discs, the team
employed the sophisticated Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet
REsearch instrument (<a href="https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/sphere/">SPHERE</a>) mounted on ESO’s <a href="https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/">VLT</a>. SPHERE’s state-of-the-art extreme <a href="https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/">adaptive optics</a>
system corrects for the turbulent effects of Earth’s atmosphere,
yielding crisp images of the discs. This meant the team were able to
image discs around stars with masses as low as half the mass of the Sun,
which are typically too faint for most other instruments available
today. Additional data for the survey were obtained using the VLT’s <a href="https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/x-shooter/">X-shooter</a>
instrument, which allowed astronomers to determine how young and how
massive the stars are. The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (<a href="https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/">ALMA</a>),
in which ESO is a partner, on the other hand, helped the team
understand more about the amount of dust surrounding some of the stars.
As technology advances, the team hopes to delve even deeper
into the heart of planet-forming systems. The large 39-metre mirror of
ESO’s forthcoming Extremely Large Telescope (<a href="https://elt.eso.org/">ELT</a>),
for example, will enable the team to study the innermost regions around
young stars, where rocky planets like our own might be forming. 
For now, these spectacular images provide researchers with a
treasure trove of data to help unpick the mysteries of planet
formation. “It is almost poetic that the processes that mark the
start of the journey towards forming planets and ultimately life in our
own Solar System should be so beautiful,” concludes Per-Gunnar
Valegård, a doctoral student at the University of Amsterdam, the
Netherlands, who led the Orion study. Valegård, who is also a part-time
teacher at the International School Hilversum in the Netherlands, hopes
the images will inspire his pupils to become scientists in the future.
<h3>More information</h3>This research was presented in three papers to appear in Astronomy & Astrophysics. The data presented were gathered as part of the SPHERE consortium guaranteed time programme, as well as the <a href="https://www.christian-ginski.com/home/destinys">DESTINYS</a> (Disk Evolution Study Through Imaging of Nearby Young Stars) ESO Large Programme.
<ol><li dir="ltr">
“The SPHERE view of the Chamaeleon I star-forming region:
The full census of planet-forming disks with GTO and DESTINYS programs” (<a href="https://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202244005">https://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202244005</a>)
</li></ol>
The team is composed of C. Ginski (University of Galway,
Ireland; Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, the Netherlands
[Leiden]; Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of
Amsterdam, the Netherlands [API]), R. Tazaki (API), M. Benisty (Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, France [Grenoble]), A. Garufi (INAF,
Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Italy), C. Dominik (API), Á. Ribas
(European Southern Observatory, Chile [ESO Chile]), N. Engler (ETH
Zurich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Switzerland),
J. Hagelberg (Geneva Observatory, University of Geneva, Switzerland), R.
G. van Holstein (ESO Chile), T. Muto (Division of Liberal Arts,
Kogakuin University, Japan), P. Pinilla (Max-Planck-Institut für
Astronomie, Germany [MPIA]; Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University
College London, UK), K. Kanagawa (Department of Earth and Planetary
Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan), S. Kim (Department of
Astronomy, Tsinghua University, China), N. Kurtovic (MPIA), M. Langlois
(Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon, CNRS, UCBL, France), J.
Milli (Grenoble), M. Momose (College of Science, Ibaraki University,
Japan [Ibaraki]), R. Orihara (Ibaraki), N. Pawellek (Department of
Astrophysics, University of Vienna, Austria), T. O. B. Schmidt
(Hamburger Sternwarte, Germany), F. Snik (Leiden), and Z. Wahhaj (ESO
Chile).
<ol start="2"><li dir="ltr">
“The SPHERE view of the Taurus star-forming region: The full census of planet-forming disks with GTO and DESTINYS programs” (<a href="https://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202347586">https://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202347586</a>)
</li></ol>
The team is composed of A. Garufi (INAF, Osservatorio
Astrofisico di Arcetri, Italy [INAF Arcetri]), C. Ginski (University of
Galway, Ireland), R. G. van Holstein (European Southern Observatory,
Chile [ESO Chile]), M. Benisty (Laboratoire Lagrange, Université Côte
d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, France; Univ. Grenoble
Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, France [Grenoble]), C. F. Manara (European Southern
Observatory, Germany), S. Pérez (Millennium Nucleus on Young Exoplanets
and their Moons [YEMS]; Departamento de Física, Universidad de Santiago
de Chile, Chile [Santiago]), P. Pinilla (Mullard Space Science
Laboratory, University College London, UK), A. Ribas (Institute of
Astronomy, University of Cambridge, UK), P. Weber (YEMS, Santiago), J.
Williams (Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i, USA), L. Cieza
(Instituto de Estudios Astrofísicos, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias,
Universidad Diego Portales, Chile [Diego Portales]; YEMS), C. Dominik
(Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, the
Netherlands [API]), S. Facchini (Dipartimento di Fisica, Università
degli Studi di Milano, Italy), J. Huang (Department of Astronomy,
Columbia University, USA), A. Zurlo (Diego Portales; YEMS), J. Bae
(Department of Astronomy, University of Florida, USA), J. Hagelberg
(Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève, Switzerland), Th. Henning
(Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Germany [MPIA]), M. R. Hogerheijde
(Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, the Netherlands; API), M.
Janson (Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, Sweden), F.
Ménard (Grenoble), S. Messina (INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di
Catania, Italy), M. R. Meyer (Department of Astronomy, The University of
Michigan, USA), C. Pinte (School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash
University, Australia; Grenoble), S. Quanz (ETH Zürich, Department of
Physics, Switzerland [Zürich]), E. Rigliaco (Osservatorio Astronomico di
Padova, Italy [Padova]), V. Roccatagliata (INAF Arcetri), H. M. Schmid
(Zürich), J. Szulágyi (Zürich), R. van Boekel (MPIA), Z. Wahhaj (ESO
Chile), J. Antichi (INAF Arcetri), A. Baruffolo (Padova), and T. Moulin
(Grenoble).
<ol start="3"><li dir="ltr">
“Disk Evolution Study Through Imaging of Nearby Young Stars (DESTINYS): The SPHERE view of the Orion star-forming region” (<a href="https://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202347452">https://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202347452</a>)
</li></ol>
The team is composed of P.-G. Valegård (Anton Pannekoek
Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
[API]), C. Ginski (University of Galway, Ireland), A. Derkink (API), A.
Garufi (INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Italy), C. Dominik
(API), Á. Ribas (Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, UK),
J. P. Williams (Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i, USA), M.
Benisty (University of Grenoble Alps, CNRS, IPAG, France), T. Birnstiel
(University Observatory, Faculty of Physics,
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany [LMU]; Exzellenzcluster
ORIGINS, Germany), S. Facchini (Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli
Studi di Milano, Italy), G. Columba (Department of Physics and
Astronomy "Galileo Galilei" - University of Padova, Italy; INAF –
Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Italy), M. Hogerheijde (API; Leiden
Observatory, Leiden University, the Netherlands [Leiden]), R. G. van
Holstein (European Southern Observatory, Chile), J. Huang (Department of
Astronomy, Columbia University, USA), M. Kenworthy (Leiden), C. F.
Manara (European Southern Observatory, Germany), P. Pinilla (Mullard
Space Science Laboratory, University College London, UK), Ch. Rab (LMU;
Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Germany), R. Sulaiman
(Department of Physics, American University of Beirut, Lebanon), A.
Zurlo (Instituto de Estudios Astrofísicos, Facultad de Ingeniería y
Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales, Chile; Escuela de Ingeniería
Industrial, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego
Portales, Chile; Millennium Nucleus on Young Exoplanets and their
Moons).
The European Southern Observatory (ESO) enables scientists
worldwide to discover the secrets of the Universe for the benefit of
all. We design, build and operate world-class observatories on the
ground — which astronomers use to tackle exciting questions and spread
the fascination of astronomy — and promote international collaboration
for astronomy. Established as an intergovernmental organisation in 1962,
today ESO is supported by 16 Member States (Austria, Belgium, Czechia,
Denmark, France, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands,
Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom),
along with the host state of Chile and with Australia as a Strategic
Partner. ESO’s headquarters and its visitor centre and planetarium, the
ESO Supernova, are located close to Munich in Germany, while the Chilean
Atacama Desert, a marvellous place with unique conditions to observe
the sky, hosts our telescopes. ESO operates three observing sites: La
Silla, Paranal and Chajnantor. At Paranal, ESO operates the Very Large
Telescope and its Very Large Telescope Interferometer, as well as survey
telescopes such as VISTA. Also at Paranal ESO will host and operate the
Cherenkov Telescope Array South, the world’s largest and most sensitive
gamma-ray observatory. Together with international partners, ESO
operates ALMA on Chajnantor, a facility that observes the skies in the
millimetre and submillimetre range. At Cerro Armazones, near Paranal, we
are building “the world’s biggest eye on the sky” — ESO’s Extremely
Large Telescope. From our offices in Santiago, Chile we support our
operations in the country and engage with Chilean partners and society. 
The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), an
international astronomy facility, is a partnership of ESO, the U.S.
National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institutes of Natural
Sciences (NINS) of Japan in cooperation with the Republic of Chile.
ALMA is funded by ESO on behalf of its Member States, by NSF in
cooperation with the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) and the
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) in Taiwan and by NINS in
cooperation with the Academia Sinica (AS) in Taiwan and the Korea
Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI). ALMA construction and
operations are led by ESO on behalf of its Member States; by the
National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), managed by Associated
Universities, Inc. (AUI), on behalf of North America; and by the
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) on behalf of East
Asia. The Joint ALMA Observatory (JAO) provides the unified leadership
and management of the construction, commissioning and operation of
ALMA. 
<h3>Links</h3><ul><li dir="ltr">Research papers: <a href="https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/forth/aa44005-22.pdf">Chamaeleon</a>, <a href="https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/forth/aa47586-23.pdf">Taurus</a>, <a href="https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/forth/aa47452-23.pdf">Orion</a></li><li dir="ltr"><a href="http://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/paranal/">Photos of the VLT</a></li><li dir="ltr">Find out more about ESO's Extremely Large Telescope on our <a href="https://elt.eso.org">dedicated website</a> and <a href="https://www.eso.org/public/archives/brochures/pdfsm/brochure_0079.pdf">press kit</a></li><li dir="ltr">For journalists: <a href="https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/pressmedia/#epodpress_form">subscribe to receive our releases under embargo in your language</a></li><li>For scientists: got a story? <a href="https://www.eso.org/public/news/pitch-your-research/">Pitch your research</a></li></ul>]]></description>
<category>News From Europe</category>
<pubDate>Mon, 11 Mar 2024 09:35:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>EPS Divisions and Groups prize calls</title>
<link>https://www.eps.org/news/664314/</link>
<guid>https://www.eps.org/news/664314/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Please visit the EPS Divisions and Groups websites to see the latest calls for prizes.  <h3 id="divisions">Divisions</h3><a target="_blank" href="https://www.eps.org/members/group.aspx?id=85184" title="EPS Atomic, Molecular and Optical physics Division">Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Division</a> 
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.eps.org/members/group.aspx?id=85187" title="EPS Condensed Matter Division">Condensed Matter Division</a> 
<a href="https://www.eps.org/group/PED" target="_blank" title="EPS Physics Education Division" rel="external">Physics Education Division</a> 
 
<a href="http://www.eps.org/group/EPD" rel="external">
Environmental Physics Division 
</a><a href="http://www.eps.org/group/GPD">
Gravitational Physics Division</a> 
<a href="http://eps-hepp.web.cern.ch/eps-hepp/" target="_blank" title="EPS High Energy & Particle Physics Division" rel="external">High Energy & Particle Physics Division</a> 
<a target="_blank" href="http://eps.site-ym.com/members/group.aspx?id=85199" title="EPS Nuclear Physics Division">Nuclear Physics Division</a> 
<a href="http://www.eps.org/group/DPL" target="_blank" title="EPS Physics in Life Sciences Division" rel="external"> 
Division of Physics in Life Sciences</a> 
<a href="http://plasma.ciemat.es/eps/" target="_blank" title="EPS Plasma Physics Division" rel="external">Plasma Physics Division</a>
 
<a href="http://qeod.epsdivisions.org/" target="_blank" title="EPS Quantum Electronics & Optics Division" rel="external">Quantum Electronics & Optics Division</a> 
<a href="https://www.eps.org/members/group.aspx?id=85203" target="_blank" title="EPS European Solar Physics Division" rel="external"> 
European Solar Physics Division</a> 
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.eps.org/members/group.aspx?id=85204" title="EPS Statistical & Nonlinear Physics Division">Statistical & Nonlinear Physics Division</a>
<h3 id="groups">Groups</h3><a target="_blank" href="https://www.eps-ag.org/" title="EPS Accelerator Group">Accelerator Group</a>
<a href="https://www.eps.org/computational_physics">Computational Physics Group</a> 
<a target="_blank" href="http://epsenergygroup.eu/" title="EPS Energy Group">Energy Group</a> 
<a href="http://www.ehphysg.eu/" title="History of Physics Group">History of Physics Group</a> 
<a href="http://www.physdev.org">Physics for Development Group</a> 
<a href="https://www.eps.org/members/group.aspx?id=85233">Technology and Innovation Group</a>
<a href="https://www.eps.org/members/member_engagement/groups.aspx?id=85199"></a> ]]></description>
<category>News From Prizes</category>
<pubDate>Tue, 6 Feb 2024 15:50:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>Nuclear fusion: European joint experiment achieves energy record</title>
<link>https://www.eps.org/news/665348/</link>
<guid>https://www.eps.org/news/665348/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[8th February 2024, Press release from Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik 
<hr />
At the Joint European Torus (JET) in the UK, a European research team
has succeeded in generating 69 megajoules of energy from 0.2 milligrams
of fuel. This is the largest amount of energy ever achieved in a fusion
experiment.
Fusion power plants are designed to fuse light atomic nuclei, following the example of the sun, in order to harness huge amounts of energy for humanity from very small amounts of fuel. The European research consortium EUROfusion is pursuing the concept
of magnetic fusion, which is considered by experts to be the most advanced. With the large-scale experiments ASDEX Upgrade and Wendelstein 7-X, the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (IPP) is driving forward research into this in Germany.
For experiments with the fuel of future power plants (deuterium and tritium), Europe's scientists operated the JET research facility near Oxford together with the UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA). A new world record was set there on 3 October 2023:
69 megajoules of fusion energy were released in the form of fast neutrons during a 5.2 second plasma discharge. 0.2 milligrams of fuel were required for this. The same amount of energy would have required about 2 kilograms of lignite – ten million
times as much. JET thus beat its own record from 2021 (59 megajoules in 5 seconds).

"This
world record is actually a by-product. It was not actively planned, but
we were hoping for it," explains IPP scientist Dr Athina Kappatou, who worked for JET as one of nine Task Force Leaders. "This experimental
campaign was mainly about achieving the different conditions necessary
for a future power plant and thus testing realistic scenarios. One
positive aspect, however, was that the experiments from two years ago
could also be successfully reproduced and even surpassed." The latter was the case with the record-breaking experiment. The entire campaign is essential for the future operation of the international fusion plant ITER, which is currently being built
in southern France, as well as for the planned European demonstration power plant DEMO. Over 300 scientists and engineers from EUROfusion contributed to these landmark experiments.
The JET record did not achieve a positive energy balance – in other words, more heating energy had to be invested in the plasma than fusion energy was generated. In fact, an "energy gain" is physically impossible with JET and all other current
magnetic fusion experiments worldwide. For a positive energy balance, these fusion plants must exceed a certain size, which will be the case with ITER.
The record-breaking experiment (JET pulse #104522) in the autumn was one of the last ever at JET. After four decades the facility ceased operations at the end of 2023.]]></description>
<category>News From Europe</category>
<pubDate>Mon, 19 Feb 2024 13:25:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>Greetings from the island of enhanced stability: The quest for the limit of the periodic table</title>
<link>https://www.eps.org/news/665058/</link>
<guid>https://www.eps.org/news/665058/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Press release, 13th February 2024Review in Nature Review Physics discusses major challenges in
the field of superheavy elements and their nuclei and provides an
outlook on future developmentsSince the turn of
the century, six new chemical elements have been discovered and
subsequently added to the periodic table of elements, the very icon of
chemistry. These new elements have high atomic numbers up to 118 and are
significantly heavier than uranium, the element with the highest atomic
number (92) found in larger quantities on Earth. This raises questions
such as how many more of these superheavy species are waiting to be
discovered, where – if at all – is a fundamental limit in the creation
of these elements, and what are the characteristics of the so-called
island of enhanced stability. In a recent review, experts in theoretical
and experimental chemistry and physics of the heaviest elements and
their nuclei summarize the major challenges and offer a fresh view on
new superheavy elements and the limit of the periodic table. One of them
is Professor Christoph Düllmann from the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für
Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz,
and the Helmholtz Institute Mainz (HIM). In its February issue, the
world's leading high-impact journal Nature Review Physics presents the topic as its cover story.Visualizing an island of stability of superheavy nucleiAlready
in the first half of the last century, researchers realized that the
mass of atomic nuclei is smaller than the total mass of their proton and
neutron constituents. This difference in mass is responsible for the
binding energy of the nuclei. Certain numbers of neutrons and protons
lead to stronger binding and are referred to as “magic”. In fact,
scientists observed early on that protons and neutrons move in
individual shells that are similar to electronic shells, with nuclei of
the metal lead being the heaviest with completely filled shells
containing 82 protons and 126 neutrons – a doubly-magic nucleus. Early
theoretical predictions suggested that the extra stability from the next
“magic” numbers, far from nuclei known at that time, might lead to
lifetimes comparable to the age of the Earth. This led to the notion of a
so-called island of stability of superheavy nuclei separated from
uranium and its neighbors by a sea of instability.There are
numerous graphical representations of the island of stability, depicting
it as a distant island. Many decades have passed since this image
emerged, so it is time to take a fresh look at the stability of
superheavy nuclei and see where the journey to the limits of mass and
charge might lead us. In their recent paper titled "The quest for
superheavy elements and the limit of the periodic table", the authors
describe the current state of knowledge and the most important
challenges in the field of these superheavies. They also present key
considerations for future development.Elements up to oganesson
(element 118) have been produced in experiments, named, and included in
the periodic table of elements in accelerator facilities around the
world, such as at GSI in Darmstadt and in future at FAIR, the
international accelerator center being built at GSI. These new elements
are highly unstable, with the heaviest ones disintegrating within
seconds at most. A more detailed analysis reveals that their lifetimes
increase towards the magic neutron number 184. In the case of
copernicium (element 112), for example, which was discovered at GSI, the
lifetime increases from less than a thousandth of a second to 30
seconds. However, the neutron number 184 is still a long way from being
reached, so the 30 seconds are only one step on the way. Since the
theoretical description is still prone to large uncertainties, there is
no consensus on where the longest lifetimes will occur and how long they
will be. However, there is a general agreement that truly stable
superheavy nuclei are no longer to be expected.Revising the map of superheavy elementsThis
leads to a revision of the superheavy landscape in two important ways.
On the one hand, we have indeed arrived at the shores of the region of
enhanced stability and have thus confirmed experimentally the concept of
an island of enhanced stability. On the other hand, we do not yet know
how large this region is – to stay with the picture. How long will the
maximum lifetimes be, with the height of the mountains on the island
typically representing the stability, and where will the longest
lifetimes occur? The Nature Reviews Physics paper discusses
various aspects of relevant nuclear and electronic structure theory,
including the synthesis and detection of superheavy nuclei and atoms in
the laboratory or in astrophysical events, their structure and
stability, and the location of the current and anticipated superheavy
elements in the periodic table.The detailed investigation of the
superheavy elements remains an important pillar of the research program
at GSI Darmstadt, supported by infrastructure and expertise at HIM and
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, forming a unique setting for such
studies. Over the past decade, several breakthrough results were
obtained, including detailed studies of their production, which led to
the confirmation of element 117 and the discovery of the comparatively
long-lived isotope lawrencium-266, of their nuclear structure by a
variety of experimental techniques, of the structure of their atomic
shells as well as their chemical properties, where flerovium (element
114) represents the heaviest element for which chemical data exist.
Calculations on production in the cosmos, especially during the merging
of two neutron stars, as observed experimentally for the first time in
2017, round off the research portfolio. In the future, the investigation
of superheavy elements could be even more efficient thanks to the new
linear accelerator HELIAC, for which the first module was recently
assembled at HIM and then successfully tested in Darmstadt, so that
further, even more exotic and therefore presumably longer-lived nuclei
will also be experimentally achievable. An overview of the element
discoveries and first chemical studies at GSI can be found in the
article “Five decades of GSI superheavy element discoveries and chemical
investigation,” published in May 2022.]]></description>
<category>News From Europe</category>
<pubDate>Thu, 15 Feb 2024 13:06:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>CERN Celebrates 70 Years of Scientific Discovery and Innovation</title>
<link>https://www.eps.org/news/663291/</link>
<guid>https://www.eps.org/news/663291/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[<p style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -moz-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; margin: 0cm;"><img alt="" src="https://www.eps.org/resource/resmgr/news_2024/CERN-70-2024.jpg" style="width: 750px;" /><p style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; margin: 0cm;"> <p style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; margin: 0cm;">Geneva, January 25, 2024. Today CERN, the European Laboratory for Particle Physics, announced a programme to celebrate its 70th anniversary in 2024. This landmark year honours CERN's remarkable contributions to scientific knowledge, technological innovation and international collaboration in the field of particle physics. Throughout the year, a variety of events and activities will showcase the Laboratory’s rich past as well as its bright future.<p style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; margin: 0cm;"> <p style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; margin: 0cm;">Leading up to an official high-level ceremony on 1 October, the preliminary anniversary programme, spanning the entire year, offers a rich array of events and activities, aimed at all types of audiences, at CERN and in the Organization’s Member States and Associate Member States and beyond. The<a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUT0fMHswK-2FrLsWwK4iHO74tmccA8lATNho-2FZp8NqON7XljIy_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCoz8lu-2B0sfB517Q3OK9ADz6dElOaf1pqjBIYZq85rkCi0a4RKKzYDGz80UTopA2EnDySJOhOsoJaQ-2B2SdlbbMLuz44cN8gHzxS-2FJu-2FeVsJ-2F-2Fmch61EbQV-2Br2CIiGCGgYcati9veQBe8D4dy0AEmUozpaFo3KuaUt6oVrE871XvwuBcocTiQiVMxGVV0KcrWKsVx2KxfsyOQPuFo1knTJR2RKRo8ofE-2BUlSCcPLBd3hZYu4-3D"> first public event</a>, scheduled for 30 January, will combine science, art and culture, and will feature a panel of eminent scientists discussing the evolution of particle physics and CERN’s significant contributions in advancing this field. On 7 March and 18 April, special events will showcase the practical applications of high-energy physics research in everyday life. Mid-May will see a focus on the importance of global collaboration in scientific endeavours, while the events in June and July will explore the current unanswered questions in particle physics and the facilities being planned for future breakthroughs. From talks by distinguished scientists and exhibitions showing CERN’s cutting-edge research and the diversity of its science and its people, to public engagement initiatives worldwide, everyone will find something to enjoy in this programme.<p style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; margin: 0cm;"> <p style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; margin: 0cm;">“CERN’s achievements over the 70 years of its history show what humanity can do when we put aside our differences and focus on the common good”, says Fabiola Gianotti, CERN Director-General. “Through the celebrations of CERN’s 70thanniversary, we will demonstrate how, over the past seven decades, CERN has been at the forefront of scientific knowledge and technological innovation, a model for training and education, collaboration and open science, and an inspiration for citizens around the world. This anniversary is also a great opportunity to look forward: CERN’s beautiful journey of exploration into the fundamental laws of nature and the constituents of matter is set to continue into the future with new, more powerful instruments and technologies.”<p style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; margin: 0cm;"> <p style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; margin: 0cm;"><a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc4S4iO7LvdCGQv5rqUmndsXryCHpjJJX7T24YONkrm0R2KelTQjCEZQVsJ0Wfy4pQ-3D-3DebZy_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCoz8lu-2B0sfB517Q3OK9ADz6dElOaf1pqjBIYZq85rkCi0a4RKKzYDGz80UTopA2EnDySJOhOsoJaQ-2B2SdlbbMLuzwcy8dVSlHyv9Lmk-2B5Hvt6LAXnkXCjmHgz-2BhRg1dIum3z1Tnm1pwR6W3m2-2Fw2BtcxxXXWEU5S51Pja-2BzzssfpQtZ8gVJT89h-2BfMbeIifI0wZ7-2FKO2VUth4dQnj2-2FvoqGxJSHqScYA8wVYJ81gbzCo5s-3D">CERN came to life in 1954</a>, in the aftermath of the Second World War, to bring excellence in scientific research back to Europe and to foster peaceful collaboration in fundamental research. This collective effort has pushed back the frontiers of human knowledge and of technology. As more powerful accelerators and experiments were built, foundational discoveries and innovations were made: among others, Georges Charpak revolutionised detection with his multiwire proportional chamber in 1968, the neutral currents were discovered in the 1970s, the<a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7XvevVOa5fgps7x48Gm2YI1QFVD1vq5-2BVYuYMmqU8m5Fp6n3UhiJJQnOPTyn3xnj-2Fhs-3DaBIu_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCoz8lu-2B0sfB517Q3OK9ADz6dElOaf1pqjBIYZq85rkCi0a4RKKzYDGz80UTopA2EnDySJOhOsoJaQ-2B2SdlbbMLuz4Hw-2BCsbvoRSHnWbt0mQDk-2BVE1Nuv4hQPkHNzQ8-2FSKPr2r0Dj9NUC-2FmODh7wrbP7RIK-2BAyTX46TPHsgYKKEGcGa1Dy2GoRWLWsc98QC9pDqckhjrPQMaesJthVWwEdPMYMr138n36dl4fz9KM-2BMkKdI-3D"> W</a> and<a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7Xvylfo-2BWv-2FivKsGZWsf2AtA7iu33zhEi1cRFpd59oZGLA-3D-3DddqJ_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCoz8lu-2B0sfB517Q3OK9ADz6dElOaf1pqjBIYZq85rkCi0a4RKKzYDGz80UTopA2EnDySJOhOsoJaQ-2B2SdlbbMLuz5CjPmrdh9nZ-2Fl-2FkLwQgK5faCZNrHRqJMYIiBAkXGrd4-2FYMGPIceu3cSY3l1Wm2-2FSud6nOaP6-2FMI1O5NCbFn-2BGverioHUTl4lSx66Ry4GmnFkExW7Q879nBpiCHmtzRSouNXLjGFWWwyj4MLQxJDfoE-3D"> Z</a> bosons were discovered in 1983, the precision measurement of the Z boson and of other parameters of the electroweak theory was made in the 1990s thanks to the<a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7XvS8KZZmPynhUVdb07SDKsdtnWthcjgMgsnYGSOR3P4W1e4vlvvAxtog8JAg-2BoPwBU-3D8FKA_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCoz8lu-2B0sfB517Q3OK9ADz6dElOaf1pqjBIYZq85rkCi0a4RKKzYDGz80UTopA2EnDySJOhOsoJaQ-2B2SdlbbMLuz1O41O6ePbeiLR3dk-2BDvCxQNR7Ij6WoGzrI4nxvAIMCdCzh3d4hiZaUHKcxLpLdcmNalf0B-2B35vTJ8hwf-2FKunJL1YA0ml0vo6R8kMxwzpByEN-2BF0xSwLwbU6eqt9cDOZYNGeZ0z3LiAnHDWqm3ykPNM-3D"> Large Electron Positron</a> (LEP) collider, the<a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUWowjZkGEXKUmRbJF9mJnkoMt9gkkG73F26mKuXQ1MptjarV2jQJ2lpiOCILMomFquezmIT2WMy-2BaRox5SmbJwY-3DMKdj_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCoz8lu-2B0sfB517Q3OK9ADz6dElOaf1pqjBIYZq85rkCi0a4RKKzYDGz80UTopA2EnDySJOhOsoJaQ-2B2SdlbbMLuz0bZYI9tneASVZKTT8fZd9PbXm4vzW7YwVdH6FN01pxFs3EjEU-2F-2B2DzpB4-2FtlzthlrLHjnrxARKrQfTITglDUOb4Lcp88MmhWQTdUmWq7-2BbVGi9wBepIpXj3JFOfP90PPuUK807uT1oIPXcXdq9ezrc-3D"> Large Hadron Collider</a> started up in 2009, and the <a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7XswC-2B7NIy-2F8s9eIUhZuqbYWh1V5HItPW6T0-2BS3ZyJmCTQ-3D-3DBxyj_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCoz8lu-2B0sfB517Q3OK9ADz6dElOaf1pqjBIYZq85rkCi0a4RKKzYDGz80UTopA2EnDySJOhOsoJaQ-2B2SdlbbMLuz6MrAKKLn2kUKJ0CwYZsv1e5vai8JvPa9tSJGuhpPGYzddTCw72k3ooBikcE8eEXOCDl0eWa1DHN-2F5Yy1Zm7Qr0Tdqit6lFiVqUJxcgihgbyGpeAU7dng4I6YEbxAcGWAkepdntP97-2FVs3ueOSXbyW4-3D">Higgs boson </a>was discovered in 2012. CERN is also the birthplace of the <a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUWowjZkGEXKUmRbJF9mJnkqg3uD2tRQNFsgXQo9XaYVjogKrODYZMvUufPuSNmF5LQ-3D-3Dt2DQ_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCoz8lu-2B0sfB517Q3OK9ADz6dElOaf1pqjBIYZq85rkCi0a4RKKzYDGz80UTopA2EnDySJOhOsoJaQ-2B2SdlbbMLuz3K6B-2FSz99hPYRbWWoo63eO-2F6pEaFhCZl9RK6qQLhJVu2YwP-2FbOLqRENoOTBA6EPM9Q2QKxkE4fr9HNjxr7DVT3R-2B6knc8DIqiy1P7t5HGqowbU28q6Ow5qX-2BKdnXKp52MdmReCsPlYBW4OXXr9o6Rk-3D">World Wide Web</a> and has generated technologies that are used in other fields, including medical diagnostics and therapy and environmental protection.<p style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; margin: 0cm;"> <p style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; margin: 0cm;">Today, CERN counts <a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUTot7xyzcG-2BAEKrQf139OuSxWAvO1NBCcF4CRVB1oLUE6tA3u185h-2BZtl39YZmuDmSaV8zZU5P0mxrWsjTbytZQ-3DPtPQ_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCoz8lu-2B0sfB517Q3OK9ADz6dElOaf1pqjBIYZq85rkCi0a4RKKzYDGz80UTopA2EnDySJOhOsoJaQ-2B2SdlbbMLuz85qxgka-2F-2F6OquoQ9H5vIxtMlUe4mHhY2us-2BtpySPpjUtltf-2BGShrSv-2BBQ-2FWSApwuXPde0eKGLFtAXw-2FsSKRVvhdDdYfcO-2BPcA548F4FI3gImnxzECXtfMCmbqtgw6a2KKA5deVB36w9SExmmdq-2Bn2c-3D">23 Member States</a>, 10 Associate Member States and a vibrant community of 17,000 people from all over the world, with more than 110 nationalities represented. Currently, the Laboratory is home to the Large Hadron Collider, the world’s most powerful particle accelerator. Building on its remarkable legacy of research and technological development, CERN is already looking to the future, in particular by studying the feasibility of a Future Circular Collider.<p style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; margin: 0cm;"> <p style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; margin: 0cm;">“This anniversary year is for everyone and should engage and inspire scientists, policy makers and the public. We are looking forward to welcoming everyone at CERN for the many events being planned, but also to the celebrations in our Member States, Associate Member States and beyond”, says Luciano Musa, coordinator of the CERN 70thanniversary. “These international events are a testament to CERN's impact on scientific knowledge, technological development and worldwide collaboration.”<p style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; margin: 0cm;"> <p style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; margin: 0cm;">CERN extends an invitation to everyone to take part in these inspiring events, which aim to kindle scientific curiosity, honour scientific progress and collaborative efforts, and underscore the role of science in society.<p style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; margin: 0cm;"> <p style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; margin: 0cm;">Join us in this year of celebration as we honour our glorious past and shape a bright future for CERN and its community.<p style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; margin: 0cm;"> <p style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; margin: 0cm;">For the complete CERN70 anniversary events and programme of activities, please visit: <a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUV0NTwN4Jl3X1sLatnbE9H-2Bn5Esz1nN0hbIwfJJokpsRvE8R_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCoz8lu-2B0sfB517Q3OK9ADz6dElOaf1pqjBIYZq85rkCi0a4RKKzYDGz80UTopA2EnDySJOhOsoJaQ-2B2SdlbbMLuzypRa9GDKfiN4dftO-2Bb4b00AhPNwneJAUaOtR-2B4g1mErPC0tFE27YtPHtA7Jfe2BOsyp-2Bp05o9U1rCCkd-2BeTNy1fMbsne85MrYKDhxO9Q6qAslVjidbJg62rHXqYUssuLvrJx0fycehAVc0NHw7hs-2B4-3D">cern.ch/cern70</a>. <p style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; margin: 0cm;"> ]]></description>
<category>News From Europe</category>
<pubDate>Thu, 25 Jan 2024 14:59:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>EPS Distinctions and Awards: Call for nominations</title>
<link>https://www.eps.org/news/660772/</link>
<guid>https://www.eps.org/news/660772/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[The calls for nominations for the EPS Distinctions and Awards can be found at: <a href="https://www.eps.org/blogpost/751263/495719/">https://www.eps.org/blogpost/751263/495719/</a>The deadline for nominations is 31st January 2024. ]]></description>
<category>News From Prizes</category>
<pubDate>Tue, 19 Dec 2023 07:54:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>Statement by the EPS Executive Committee about the 2024 International Physics Olympiad in Iran</title>
<link>https://www.eps.org/news/660535/</link>
<guid>https://www.eps.org/news/660535/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[<img alt="" src="https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.eps.org/resource/resmgr/news/logo_EPS_blue.gif" style="width: 200px; height: 201px;" /><h4 style="text-align: center;">Statement by the Executive Committee of the European Physical Society
about the organisation of the 2024 International Physics Olympiad in
Tehran, Iran</h4>14th December 2023 "The European Physical Society (EPS) supports the International
Physics Olympiad, which provides a wonderful opportunity to gather
promising young physicists from around the world to discuss physics and
solve physics problems in a safe, peaceful, and collaborative
atmosphere.Nevertheless, the EPS asks the organisers of the
upcoming International Physics Olympiad in 2024 to reconsider Tehran,
Iran, as a suitable location. The EPS is deeply concerned about the
actions of the Iranian regime, particularly its ongoing repression of
women and girls, as well as the recent violent crackdowns on political
protests. Such circumstances, the EPS believes, create an environment
where the safety of future physicists cannot be assured and where the
diversity found among physicists is not respected. Supporting
the International Physics Olympiad in Iran is an endorsement of the
actions of the Iranian government. Consequently, the EPS cannot endorse
the event if it is held in Iran and recommends relocating it to a
country where democratic ideals are respected and all participants will
be welcomed regardless of their nationality, religion, or gender
identity."]]></description>
<category>News from the EPS</category>
<pubDate>Thu, 14 Dec 2023 17:03:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>Job offer - conference manager for the European Physical Society</title>
<link>https://www.eps.org/news/659387/</link>
<guid>https://www.eps.org/news/659387/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[The European Physical Society is seeking a new conference manager. Deadline for applications 18th December 2023. Details about the position and the application procedure can be found at: <a href="https://fr.indeed.com/job/responsable-de-conf%C3%A9rences-hf-bef63c86a3a8b539">https://fr.indeed.com/job/responsable-de-conf%C3%A9rences-hf-bef63c86a3a8b539</a> ]]></description>
<category>Jobs</category>
<pubDate>Mon, 4 Dec 2023 09:04:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>Exotic atomic nucleus sheds light on the world of quarks</title>
<link>https://www.eps.org/news/658712/</link>
<guid>https://www.eps.org/news/658712/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[<img alt="" src="https://www.eps.org/resource/resmgr/newsletter-23/cern-pr-28112023.jpg" style="width: 750px;" /><span style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-size: 11px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -moz-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration: none; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: Arial;">The ISOLDE set-up used to study the exotic nucleus of aluminium. (Image: CERN)Geneva, 28th November 2023Experiments at CERN and the <a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUVTbJN-2FTvz-2FQIKAycXx08JTPla74BSvbyzHRccz-2FTrnd8B8wcmEJvQtrn4qSsqRQ2c6dnrjM7FBN7X5ycH3-2B6xAIrEtbWf8yKsOe4HHQ8Dxr0JwpBwwIrJXNGrFenfqMWHM4YWikbvMAgaTqpMZ0-2FF3nLb-2FujUKiak814aaTzZrmz7Oj-2FKI-2FKW4TQhzOOEegVUiQNssP4-2FkeSCsUXcULNUvlVWwl4M7nN6i0u6a3maVKHNEF_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozF9YnaHLEg-2FVHCu4IineofZsseTU8JGISMiBsRfkk4UQZbc-2F-2FIS-2BjoXRDOuiilJD4w4OX-2BdDTkVTNZSxPnyw-2FOdaubinRLOTW8pJXHrT3BOV25S4JJoAj2EcBFONXTHSbZlsQ-2FEV5x0UvbY1s6IHPvqtxBznFlRFT-2FuBSjesWowyMf3omgtPNA7ksVNQTT2LcaxTQ3udQ6MWAzfdZY4b8tI03O5Jbp5fhihdy2HD4TfA-3D" data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUVTbJN-2FTvz-2FQIKAycXx08JTPla74BSvbyzHRccz-2FTrnd8B8wcmEJvQtrn4qSsqRQ2c6dnrjM7FBN7X5ycH3-2B6xAIrEtbWf8yKsOe4HHQ8Dxr0JwpBwwIrJXNGrFenfqMWHM4YWikbvMAgaTqpMZ0-2FF3nLb-2FujUKiak814aaTzZrmz7Oj-2FKI-2FKW4TQhzOOEegVUiQNssP4-2FkeSCsUXcULNUvlVWwl4M7nN6i0u6a3maVKHNEF_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozF9YnaHLEg-2FVHCu4IineofZsseTU8JGISMiBsRfkk4UQZbc-2F-2FIS-2BjoXRDOuiilJD4w4OX-2BdDTkVTNZSxPnyw-2FOdaubinRLOTW8pJXHrT3BOV25S4JJoAj2EcBFONXTHSbZlsQ-2FEV5x0UvbY1s6IHPvqtxBznFlRFT-2FuBSjesWowyMf3omgtPNA7ksVNQTT2LcaxTQ3udQ6MWAzfdZY4b8tI03O5Jbp5fhihdy2HD4TfA-3D" data-mce-style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;">Accelerator Laboratory</a> inJyväskylä, Finland,haverevealed that the radius of an exoticnucleus ofaluminium,26mAl, is much larger than previously thought. The result, described in a <a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUQIFF3gc2OYF0VY1q1ETRf2rb-2BVpI4XiQvciMEMTbTY0kbQ7kd3B4KsZT-2BM3B-2FXf2lnJcZTuMcvq3ZcTwqJXKec-3DpH1p_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozF9YnaHLEg-2FVHCu4IineofZsseTU8JGISMiBsRfkk4UQZbc-2F-2FIS-2BjoXRDOuiilJD4w4OX-2BdDTkVTNZSxPnyw-2FOSfItrCYP4WeFQHtnY6l5b34Vtvep-2BDD-2B5MiYHHVSud6ybMHhbszr7r6i63Ker7Xz7LR-2BP1zRkaeVexOBNY17M-2FyDrDGF2shClb9UcBnJibZfHJTfX6W8dqj3tqWNZPZY5Qnb7kkH7bnlA-2FR0HcsD7c-3D" data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUQIFF3gc2OYF0VY1q1ETRf2rb-2BVpI4XiQvciMEMTbTY0kbQ7kd3B4KsZT-2BM3B-2FXf2lnJcZTuMcvq3ZcTwqJXKec-3DpH1p_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozF9YnaHLEg-2FVHCu4IineofZsseTU8JGISMiBsRfkk4UQZbc-2F-2FIS-2BjoXRDOuiilJD4w4OX-2BdDTkVTNZSxPnyw-2FOSfItrCYP4WeFQHtnY6l5b34Vtvep-2BDD-2B5MiYHHVSud6ybMHhbszr7r6i63Ker7Xz7LR-2BP1zRkaeVexOBNY17M-2FyDrDGF2shClb9UcBnJibZfHJTfX6W8dqj3tqWNZPZY5Qnb7kkH7bnlA-2FR0HcsD7c-3D" data-mce-style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;">paper</a> just published inPhysical Review Letters, sheds light on the effects of the weak force onquarks–the elementary particles that make upprotons,neutronsand other composite particles.Among thefourknown fundamental forcesof nature–the electromagnetic force, the strong force, the weak force and gravity –the weakforcecan,with a certain probability, change the“flavour”ofaquark. The <a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7XuOyny3lMMNWyDeffTeLS3gdOomCIfdo0rwKS02U9VHNg-3D-3Dsgam_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozF9YnaHLEg-2FVHCu4IineofZsseTU8JGISMiBsRfkk4UQZbc-2F-2FIS-2BjoXRDOuiilJD4w4OX-2BdDTkVTNZSxPnyw-2FOfZPkeEEhpXFRW0d-2FwM9dgyR2F-2B6OH-2BpTEK4Bd5SaNe0YkQlziu1X0ZPAmPfiADaIDo48HuTC85DpV0juisjYfzItYRn7LIiFjOA1oPTI3DVXP32PnPQJdiMoH4SdNBfvWvzRueH-2BFeDvjwkZY-2B76lw-3D" data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7XuOyny3lMMNWyDeffTeLS3gdOomCIfdo0rwKS02U9VHNg-3D-3Dsgam_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozF9YnaHLEg-2FVHCu4IineofZsseTU8JGISMiBsRfkk4UQZbc-2F-2FIS-2BjoXRDOuiilJD4w4OX-2BdDTkVTNZSxPnyw-2FOfZPkeEEhpXFRW0d-2FwM9dgyR2F-2B6OH-2BpTEK4Bd5SaNe0YkQlziu1X0ZPAmPfiADaIDo48HuTC85DpV0juisjYfzItYRn7LIiFjOA1oPTI3DVXP32PnPQJdiMoH4SdNBfvWvzRueH-2BFeDvjwkZY-2B76lw-3D" data-mce-style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;">Standard Model</a> of
particle physics, which describes all particles and their interactions
with one another, does not predict the value of this probability, but,
for a given quark flavour, does predict thesum of allpossibleprobabilitiesto be exactly1. Therefore, the probability sum offers a way to test the Standard Model and search for new physics: if theprobabilitysum is found to be different from 1, itwould imply new physicsbeyond the Standard Model.Interestingly,
the probability sum involving the up quark is presently in apparent
tension with the expected unity, although the strength of the tension
depends on the underlying theoretical calculations.This
sum includes the respective probabilities of the down quark, the
strange quark and the bottom quark transforming into the up quark.The first of these probabilities manifests itselfinthebeta decayof an atomic nucleus, in which a neutron (made of one up quark and two down quarks)changes into a proton (composed of two up quarks and one down quark)or vice versa.However,
due to the complex structure of the atomic nuclei that undergo beta
decays, an exact determination of this probability is generally not
feasible. Researchers thus turn to a subset of beta decays that are less
sensitive to the effects of nuclear structure to determine the
probability. Among the several quantities that are needed to
characterise such “superallowed” beta decays is the (charge) radius of
the decaying nucleus.This is where the new result for the radius of the26mAlnucleus, which undergoes a superallowed beta decay, comes in. The result was obtained by measuring the response of the26mAlnucleus to laser light in experiments conducted at CERN’s<a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7XtV2xUPOgjz6PDger-2BKblHU5-2FRV9kT8yfuL4N15IBS6dQ-3D-3Dq7Nj_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozF9YnaHLEg-2FVHCu4IineofZsseTU8JGISMiBsRfkk4UQZbc-2F-2FIS-2BjoXRDOuiilJD4w4OX-2BdDTkVTNZSxPnyw-2FOTr4yI-2B79t53gjFi5TZ727EILeaOHtt-2B9937AnT1eewWG492gZFA7av2uE-2BL-2FJcVkeFBXLQndG8igmplvOqmBXzxsv14zvyDuqO2vgqMH8v3t2f7TZ4Fx1s4-2Fc8wzESbyIyWoMgadz6vRUSl3tNw-2FEg-3D" data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7XtV2xUPOgjz6PDger-2BKblHU5-2FRV9kT8yfuL4N15IBS6dQ-3D-3Dq7Nj_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozF9YnaHLEg-2FVHCu4IineofZsseTU8JGISMiBsRfkk4UQZbc-2F-2FIS-2BjoXRDOuiilJD4w4OX-2BdDTkVTNZSxPnyw-2FOTr4yI-2B79t53gjFi5TZ727EILeaOHtt-2B9937AnT1eewWG492gZFA7av2uE-2BL-2FJcVkeFBXLQndG8igmplvOqmBXzxsv14zvyDuqO2vgqMH8v3t2f7TZ4Fx1s4-2Fc8wzESbyIyWoMgadz6vRUSl3tNw-2FEg-3D" data-mce-style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;"> ISOLDE</a> facility and the AcceleratorLaboratory’s<a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUbJ56sgYnERoxHm6-2FT6zQHQRcY5C0LlVNUpfa7ko0n0Sx3hoFtap3Fhk538u5CB-2BOJv2D8-2FFxd1ZgZO6-2Bjnv8CGGmutItcEJN4sv6vKaovy2Bk7xMfLFafcuiMMCQ-2FTcu5rYLp6PfNYaO9U-2B41WDtApugXjiH-2FpU3UbwlWufSV4aPrsikr-2BfOtsZYcQAHBvOVQ-3D-3DDd7U_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozF9YnaHLEg-2FVHCu4IineofZsseTU8JGISMiBsRfkk4UQZbc-2F-2FIS-2BjoXRDOuiilJD4w4OX-2BdDTkVTNZSxPnyw-2FOU-2FRkVWxHcjxP-2BU2RjbbmXipvf4Sp4lP41cht2bdody8S6yf-2FnqnQ-2FtqMF1-2BNnGDz8AIDV3k-2BT7RNX3KYl3U8TpaadNVwzbxMi5OG0J05B-2BaIGBB1pLsL5nhEqYEp-2FrhgLJvECzV2XyJN2wJ8TsM2io-3D" data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUbJ56sgYnERoxHm6-2FT6zQHQRcY5C0LlVNUpfa7ko0n0Sx3hoFtap3Fhk538u5CB-2BOJv2D8-2FFxd1ZgZO6-2Bjnv8CGGmutItcEJN4sv6vKaovy2Bk7xMfLFafcuiMMCQ-2FTcu5rYLp6PfNYaO9U-2B41WDtApugXjiH-2FpU3UbwlWufSV4aPrsikr-2BfOtsZYcQAHBvOVQ-3D-3DDd7U_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozF9YnaHLEg-2FVHCu4IineofZsseTU8JGISMiBsRfkk4UQZbc-2F-2FIS-2BjoXRDOuiilJD4w4OX-2BdDTkVTNZSxPnyw-2FOU-2FRkVWxHcjxP-2BU2RjbbmXipvf4Sp4lP41cht2bdody8S6yf-2FnqnQ-2FtqMF1-2BNnGDz8AIDV3k-2BT7RNX3KYl3U8TpaadNVwzbxMi5OG0J05B-2BaIGBB1pLsL5nhEqYEp-2FrhgLJvECzV2XyJN2wJ8TsM2io-3D" data-mce-style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;"> IGISOL</a> facility.
The new radius, a weighted average of the ISOLDE and IGISOL datasets,
is much larger than predicted, and the upshot is a weakening of the
current apparent tension inthe probability sum involving the up quark.“Charge
radii of other nuclei that undergo superallowed beta decays have been
measured previously at ISOLDE and other facilities, and efforts are
under way to determine the radius of54Co at IGISOL,”explains ISOLDE physicist and lead author of the paper, Peter Plattner. “But26mAlis
a rather unique case as, although it is the most precisely studied of
such nuclei, its radius has remained unknown until now, and, as it turns
out, it is much larger than assumed in the calculation of theprobability of the down quark transforming into the up quark.”“Searches
for new physics beyond the Standard Model, including those based on the
probabilities of quarks changing flavour, are often a high-precision
game,” says CERN theorist Andreas Juttner. “This result underlines the
importance of scrutinising all relevant experimental and theoretical
results in every possible way.”Past and present particle physics experiments worldwide, including the <a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7Xv2-2BWbRZYIs9xksAqHWzcfF5nUb-2BoC8HPAkaAGYewMR2w-3D-3DUU9y_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozF9YnaHLEg-2FVHCu4IineofZsseTU8JGISMiBsRfkk4UQZbc-2F-2FIS-2BjoXRDOuiilJD4w4OX-2BdDTkVTNZSxPnyw-2FOZzZ42CSIWLt-2BOoceamkv84-2FbAjNoa1ktBtHI1yOsAz5aLUTutfIqLrmaqP1Iqsm9tsVvK5ahk0eDzU1HnGEbKk8-2BrMQCQjQyVwLJAQFcfoJWBWXTiHw5-2BEfk81EirurNBTaondTlraGOW-2Bdem0O3HA-3D" data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7Xv2-2BWbRZYIs9xksAqHWzcfF5nUb-2BoC8HPAkaAGYewMR2w-3D-3DUU9y_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozF9YnaHLEg-2FVHCu4IineofZsseTU8JGISMiBsRfkk4UQZbc-2F-2FIS-2BjoXRDOuiilJD4w4OX-2BdDTkVTNZSxPnyw-2FOZzZ42CSIWLt-2BOoceamkv84-2FbAjNoa1ktBtHI1yOsAz5aLUTutfIqLrmaqP1Iqsm9tsVvK5ahk0eDzU1HnGEbKk8-2BrMQCQjQyVwLJAQFcfoJWBWXTiHw5-2BEfk81EirurNBTaondTlraGOW-2Bdem0O3HA-3D" data-mce-style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;">LHCb</a> experiment at the <a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7XvS8KZZmPynhUVdb07SDKsdVxYxzSyIVWZb3PRLoJb72-2B-2FG4LjtqB66UcSweNZs-2Foo-3Dxdqx_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozF9YnaHLEg-2FVHCu4IineofZsseTU8JGISMiBsRfkk4UQZbc-2F-2FIS-2BjoXRDOuiilJD4w4OX-2BdDTkVTNZSxPnyw-2FOe-2FGstQEa-2F0LOD5ymnJ2S6WPsjqGaxUkjFSJnxwWVs2etMecc3qIR4-2FYYgP8uBM-2FBT31SfMdipeeYtHr6-2Ft1YrvNNLkzgP49mdV8jBEBYN417TpMdC-2FEaNyIsbpupDHB7D-2BiukrP7XPqST-2BSpgEAISY-3D" data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7XvS8KZZmPynhUVdb07SDKsdVxYxzSyIVWZb3PRLoJb72-2B-2FG4LjtqB66UcSweNZs-2Foo-3Dxdqx_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozF9YnaHLEg-2FVHCu4IineofZsseTU8JGISMiBsRfkk4UQZbc-2F-2FIS-2BjoXRDOuiilJD4w4OX-2BdDTkVTNZSxPnyw-2FOe-2FGstQEa-2F0LOD5ymnJ2S6WPsjqGaxUkjFSJnxwWVs2etMecc3qIR4-2FYYgP8uBM-2FBT31SfMdipeeYtHr6-2Ft1YrvNNLkzgP49mdV8jBEBYN417TpMdC-2FEaNyIsbpupDHB7D-2BiukrP7XPqST-2BSpgEAISY-3D" data-mce-style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;">Large Hadron Collider</a>,
have contributed, and are continuing to contribute, significantly to
our knowledge of the effects of the weak force on quarks through the
determination ofvarious probabilities of a quarkflavour change. However,nuclear physics experiments onsuperallowed beta decays currently offer the best way to determine theprobability of the down quark transforming into the up quark, and this may well remain the case for the foreseeable future.]]></description>
<category>News From Europe</category>
<pubDate>Tue, 28 Nov 2023 10:09:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>The CMS collaboration at CERN presents its latest search for new exotic particles</title>
<link>https://www.eps.org/news/657776/</link>
<guid>https://www.eps.org/news/657776/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[<p style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -moz-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="https://www.eps.org/resource/resmgr/news-23/CERN-PR-20231113.jpg" style="width: 750px;" /><p style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -moz-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center;">Illustration of two types of long-lived particles decaying into a pair of muons, showing how the signals of the muons can be traced back to the long-lived particle decay point using data from the tracker and muon detectors. / Représentation graphique de deux types de particules à vie longue se désintégrant en paires de muons ; les signaux correspondant aux muons peuvent être associés au point où la particule à vie longue s'est désintégrée, à l’aide des données provenant du trajectographe et des détecteurs de muons. (Image: CMS/CERN) Geneva, 13th november 2023 The CMS experiment has presented its first search for new physics
using data from Run 3 of the Large Hadron Collider. The new study looks
at the possibility of “dark photon” production in the decay of Higgs
bosons in the detector. Dark photons are exotic long-lived particles:
“long-lived” because they have an average lifetime of more than a tenth
of a billionth of a second – a very long lifetime in terms of particles
produced in the LHC – and “exotic” because they are not part of the
Standard Model of particle physics. The Standard Model is the leading
theory of the fundamental building blocks of the Universe, but many
physics questions remain unanswered, and so searches for phenomena
beyond the Standard Model continue. CMS’s new result defines more
constrained limits on the parameters of the decay of Higgs bosons to
dark photons, further narrowing down the area in which physicists can
search for them.In theory, dark photons would travel a measurable
distance in the CMS detector before they decay into “displaced muons”.
If scientists were to retrace the tracks of these muons, they would find
that they don’t reach all the way to the collision point, because the
tracks come from a particle that has already moved some distance away,
without any trace.Run 3 of the LHC began in July 2022 and has a
higher instantaneous luminosity than previous LHC runs, meaning there
are more collisions happening at any one moment for researchers to
analyse. The LHC produces tens of millions of collisions every second,
but only a few thousand of them can be stored, as recording every
collision would quickly consume all the available data storage. This is
why CMS is equipped with a real-time data selection algorithm called the
trigger, which decides whether or not a given collision is interesting.
Therefore, it is not only a higher volume of data that could help to
reveal evidence of the dark photon, but also the way in which the
trigger system is fine-tuned to look for specific phenomena.“We
have really improved our ability to trigger on displaced muons,” says
Juliette Alimena from the CMS experiment. “This allows us to collect
much more events than before with muons that are displaced from the
collision point by distances from a few hundred micrometres to several
metres. Thanks to these improvements, if dark photons exist, CMS is now
much more likely to find them.”The CMS trigger system has been
crucial to this search, and was especially refined between Runs 2 and 3
to search for exotic long-lived particles. As a result, the
collaboration has been able to use the LHC more efficiently, obtaining a
strong result using just a third of the amount of data as previous
searches. To do this, the CMS team refined the trigger system by adding a
new algorithm called a non-pointing muon algorithm. This improvement
meant that even with just four to five months of data from Run 3 in
2022, more displaced-muon events were recorded than in the much larger
2016–18 Run 2 dataset. The new coverage of the triggers vastly increases
the momentum ranges of the muons that are picked up, allowing the team
to explore new regions where long-lived particles may be hiding.The
CMS team will continue using the most powerful techniques to analyse
all data taken in the remaining years of Run 3 operations, with the aim
of further exploring physics beyond the Standard Model.Find out more: <a href="https://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/preliminary-results/EXO-23-014/index.html#Sum" data-mce-href="https://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/preliminary-results/EXO-23-014/index.html#Sum">Paper</a>]]></description>
<category>News From Europe</category>
<pubDate>Tue, 14 Nov 2023 13:39:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>Statement by the Executive Committee of the EPS about the current situation in the Middle-East</title>
<link>https://www.eps.org/news/656903/</link>
<guid>https://www.eps.org/news/656903/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[<img alt="" src="https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.eps.org/resource/resmgr/news/logo_EPS_blue.gif" style="width: 200px; height: 201px;" />Statement by the Executive Committee of the EPS about the current situation in the Middle-East2nd November 2023 We remain convinced of the fundamental importance of the free
exchange of scientific ideas, transcending national boundaries, as a key
vector for the progress of civilization. This progress is hindered by
acts of violence which the EPS will always oppose. Fostering peaceful
international cooperation, EPS played a founding role in the SESAME
facility where both Israel and Palestine are represented and it created
Young Minds sections in Palestine (Bethlehem) and Israel (Jerusalem).We
stand with our colleagues of the Israeli Physical Society, a Member
Society of the EPS, and extend our heartfelt support to our Palestinian
colleagues suffering in these dark times.]]></description>
<category>News from the EPS</category>
<pubDate>Thu, 2 Nov 2023 13:27:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>Successful experiment with FAIR detector in Japan – First measurement of nucleus oxygen-28</title>
<link>https://www.eps.org/news/655372/</link>
<guid>https://www.eps.org/news/655372/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Researchers of the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung and
the Technical University in Darmstadt, together with an international
team, succeeded in producing and detecting the long-sought oxygen atomic
nucleus 28O for the first time. The experiment was conducted
at the Japanese research center RIKEN. A decisive factor was the
first-time use of the meter-high neutron detector NeuLAND, which weighs
several tons and was developed for the future accelerator center FAIR
(Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) in Darmstadt. At FAIR, it
will be an important component of one of the first experiments to go
into operation, starting in 2028. The current results are published in
the journal Nature.The experiment was conducted at the Radioactive Ion Beam Factory (RIBF) at the RIKEN research center in Japan. The 28O nuclei were produced in collisions of accelerated ions of the radioactive fluorine isotope 29F with a hydrogen target, in which a proton was shot out of the fluorine. Subsequently, the decay of the 28O into 24O
and four neutrons had to be measured. Thanks to the utilization of the
NeuLAND neutron detector setup, four neutrons could be observed in
coincidence with the charged remnant nucleus for the first time.“NeuLAND
is being developed at GSI/FAIR and built with the participation of
German university groups for the R3B experiment at the FAIR facility.
For the current experiment, we flew the detector to RIKEN in Japan and
recommissioned it on site,” explains Professor Thomas Aumann, who heads
the Research department Nuclear Reactions at GSI/FAIR and holds a
professorship for experimental nuclear physics with exotic ion beams at
TU Darmstadt. “The realization required an extraordinary effort, in
which the Darmstadt groups at GSI/FAIR and the TU Darmstadt made a
central contribution.”The most stable oxygen isotope is composed of eight protons and eight neutrons, while 28O
has eight protons and 20 neutrons. Understanding the properties of such
extremely neutron-rich nuclei is of great importance for the further
development and for tests of modern nuclear theories. These, in turn,
form the basis for predicting and understanding properties of
neutron-rich nuclei and neutron-rich nuclear matter, which play a major
role in our universe, for example in the synthesis of the heavy
elements. They are for example produced in collisions of neutron stars,
which have recently been detected by multi-messenger astronomy using the
measurement of gravitational waves. “The result impressively
highlights the relevance and contribution of the detector setups
developed for FAIR, such as in this case the NeuLAND detector, which was
essential to conduct the experiment,” says Professor Paolo Giubellino,
Scientific Managing Director of GSI and FAIR. “Together with our
Japanese colleagues, with whom we have a long-standing successful
collaboration, and in an international team of top researchers, we were
able to achieve this outstanding result, of which all involved can be
very proud.”The participation of German universities in the
development and construction of the R3B NeuLAND detector was
substantially supported through the BMBF's collaborative research
program. The experiment was funded by the DFG through the collaborative
research center SFB 1245 “Atomic nuclei: From Fundamental Interactions
to Structure and Stars” at the TU Darmstadt. <div class="fancybox-caption fancybox-caption--separate"><div class="fancybox-caption__body"><img alt="" src="https://www.eps.org/resource/resmgr/news/csm_NeuLAND_e4b3e2c7d9.jpg" style="width: 800px;" /> The NeuLand measurement setup at GSI/FAIR - Photo: G. Otto, GSI/FAIR</div></div> <div class="fancybox-caption fancybox-caption--separate"><div class="fancybox-caption__body"> <a href="https://www.gsi.de/fileadmin/oeffentlichkeitsarbeit/pressemitteilungen/2023/NeuLAND.jpg"></a><a href="https://www.gsi.de/fileadmin/_processed_/c/1/csm_NeuLAND_89e60d66d6.jpg"></a> </div></div> ]]></description>
<category>News From Europe</category>
<pubDate>Tue, 17 Oct 2023 16:52:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>Nobel Prize in Physics 2023 announced!</title>
<link>https://www.eps.org/news/654966/</link>
<guid>https://www.eps.org/news/654966/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[<img alt="" src="https://www.eps.org/resource/resmgr/news/nobel-prize-physics-2023.jpeg" style="width: 750px; height: 750px;" />Imagte credit: Niklas Elmehed © Nobel Prize Outreach<hr />3rd October 2023 - Press release Nobel Prize Foundation <a href="http://www.kva.se/en/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" data-mce-href="http://www.kva.se/en/">The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences</a> has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physics 2023 toPierre Agostini The Ohio State University, Columbus, USAFerenc Krausz Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching and Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, GermanyAnne L’Huillier Lund University, Sweden“for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter”Experiments with light capture the shortest of momentsThe
three Nobel Laureates in Physics 2023 are being recognised for their
experiments, which have given humanity new tools for exploring the world
of electrons inside atoms and molecules. Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz
and Anne L’Huillier have demonstrated a way to create extremely short
pulses of light that can be used to measure the rapid processes in which
electrons move or change energy.Fast-moving events flow into
each other when perceived by humans, just like a film that consists of
still images is perceived as continual movement. If we want to
investigate really brief events, we need special technology. In the
world of electrons, changes occur in a few tenths of an attosecond – an
attosecond is so short that there are as many in one second as there
have been seconds since the birth of the universe.The laureates’
experiments have produced pulses of light so short that they are
measured in attoseconds, thus demonstrating that these pulses can be
used to provide images of processes inside atoms and molecules.In 1987,Anne L’Huillier discovered
that many different overtones of light arose when she transmitted
infrared laser light through a noble gas. Each overtone is a light wave
with a given number of cycles for each cycle in the laser light. They
are caused by the laser light interacting with atoms in the gas; it
gives some electrons extra energy that is then emitted as light. Anne
L’Huillier has continued to explore this phenomenon, laying the ground
for subsequent breakthroughs.In 2001,Pierre Agostini succeeded
in producing and investigating a series of consecutive light pulses, in
which each pulse lasted just 250 attoseconds. At the same time,Ferenc Krausz was
working with another type of experiment, one that made it possible to
isolate a single light pulse that lasted 650 attoseconds.The
laureates’ contributions have enabled the investigation of processes
that are so rapid they were previously impossible to follow.“We
can now open the door to the world of electrons. Attosecond physics
gives us the opportunity to understand mechanisms that are governed by
electrons. The next step will be utilising them,” says Eva Olsson, Chair
of the Nobel Committee for Physics.There are potential
applications in many different areas. In electronics, for example, it is
important to understand and control how electrons behave in a material.
Attosecond pulses can also be used to identify different molecules,
such as in medical diagnostics.]]></description>
<category>News from the EPS</category>
<pubDate>Thu, 12 Oct 2023 10:44:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>CERN inaugurates Science Gateway, its new outreach centre for science education</title>
<link>https://www.eps.org/news/654737/</link>
<guid>https://www.eps.org/news/654737/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[<img alt="" src="https://www.eps.org/resource/resmgr/newsletter-23/CERN-science-gateway-2023.jpg" style="width: 800px;" /><span style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-size: 11px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -moz-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;">From left to right: <span style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-size: 11px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -moz-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; display: inline !important; float: none;">President of the CERN Council, <span style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-size: 11px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -moz-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-size: 11px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -moz-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; display: inline !important; float: none;">Eliezer Rabinovici, President of the Swiss Confederation, Alain Berset, <span style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-size: 11px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -moz-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;">CERN Director-General, Fabiola Gianotti, Chair of Stellantis, John Elkann, and architect, Renzo Piano, right after cutting the ribbon of Science Gateway, officially declaring the project open.Geneva, 7 October 2023. Today, CERN inaugurated its new
state-of-the-art facility for science education and outreach. In a
day-long inauguration event, CERN debuted <a data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUTvcqSQViwImbmwtuskC1uU1IC0F9E-2BDP4T1U8ymCrNM4VEl_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozaBBztP3XEcb5sRJ0zCfzbeSST7RINw27nMttfANlamiuiOW61zBnoGKJ4NxkA7miDPOrjyhrd81HFdUer49Unm3-2F66Ofq1hCwzVUBr63fiei8spCQQErX-2BFQKZSB8o33nhPM-2BGT70Oa2h-2B2hSI-2F5Xukt8OEK1hFiRyXOL63RV7w3xLJlrAM9VPucNgarGFJYTREDnh8Zx6aK6VCmdAPybjVDVcvFmG-2BdgCYXgK5NDy8-3D" href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUTvcqSQViwImbmwtuskC1uU1IC0F9E-2BDP4T1U8ymCrNM4VEl_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozaBBztP3XEcb5sRJ0zCfzbeSST7RINw27nMttfANlamiuiOW61zBnoGKJ4NxkA7miDPOrjyhrd81HFdUer49Unm3-2F66Ofq1hCwzVUBr63fiei8spCQQErX-2BFQKZSB8o33nhPM-2BGT70Oa2h-2B2hSI-2F5Xukt8OEK1hFiRyXOL63RV7w3xLJlrAM9VPucNgarGFJYTREDnh8Zx6aK6VCmdAPybjVDVcvFmG-2BdgCYXgK5NDy8-3D">Science Gateway</a> to
the President of the Swiss Confederation, ministers and other
high-level authorities from CERN’s Member and Associate Member States,
the project’s donors and partners in CERN’s research, education and
outreach. Designed by world-renowned <a data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=TeZUXWpUv-2B6TCY38pVLo9tUU55AknX8JQQfrrYjfIvs-3DV2Gx_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozaBBztP3XEcb5sRJ0zCfzbeSST7RINw27nMttfANlamiuiOW61zBnoGKJ4NxkA7miDPOrjyhrd81HFdUer49UntHACXpQXeOiIc-2BBTNZzmTQFOksjif3vIOm3Jh8vbF1ZGVxfsO2982Wqp3nAgTpeKPJNg-2FNc3Gq7rGTDusU210LiW3mX6PEA0VL5NtUmRS4DA2iQw0K4-2B2zO483pDUC7j8hoP21F713XXLBPpPE50Pk-3D" href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=TeZUXWpUv-2B6TCY38pVLo9tUU55AknX8JQQfrrYjfIvs-3DV2Gx_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozaBBztP3XEcb5sRJ0zCfzbeSST7RINw27nMttfANlamiuiOW61zBnoGKJ4NxkA7miDPOrjyhrd81HFdUer49UntHACXpQXeOiIc-2BBTNZzmTQFOksjif3vIOm3Jh8vbF1ZGVxfsO2982Wqp3nAgTpeKPJNg-2FNc3Gq7rGTDusU210LiW3mX6PEA0VL5NtUmRS4DA2iQw0K4-2B2zO483pDUC7j8hoP21F713XXLBPpPE50Pk-3D">Renzo Piano Building Workshop</a>,
the new facility is open to visitors from around the world, from the
age of five and upwards. It will allow CERN to significantly expand its
portfolio of educational and outreach activities. CERN Science Gateway
will be open to the public as of tomorrow, 8 October 2023. The inauguration ceremony began with an address by <a data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc4S4iO7LvdCGQv5rqUmndvSkfQu0moX9IdbkCAG6t4JJ579MH6d0-2BDJLs6D-2BghkZmDIVXW-2BDME7HujWz1lQNLFg70KrKrxzO3pPu6ICI-2BFcZ9nP_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozaBBztP3XEcb5sRJ0zCfzbeSST7RINw27nMttfANlamiuiOW61zBnoGKJ4NxkA7miDPOrjyhrd81HFdUer49UnnNIg1aLR-2FHYm68dnreXpIRLv2WNUupcOACEA4rM-2FOO-2BgEpq-2FwMlXN8ecafpLtp1iXVmQNjbA0ejgT2NkeZze9JsQCxmC-2FAyOJzfSxj1o4RiMXn1tTWAckJ-2BSVFwkuE4UDGQO6ASIEG2V8OFUOrnGks-3D" href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc4S4iO7LvdCGQv5rqUmndvSkfQu0moX9IdbkCAG6t4JJ579MH6d0-2BDJLs6D-2BghkZmDIVXW-2BDME7HujWz1lQNLFg70KrKrxzO3pPu6ICI-2BFcZ9nP_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozaBBztP3XEcb5sRJ0zCfzbeSST7RINw27nMttfANlamiuiOW61zBnoGKJ4NxkA7miDPOrjyhrd81HFdUer49UnnNIg1aLR-2FHYm68dnreXpIRLv2WNUupcOACEA4rM-2FOO-2BgEpq-2FwMlXN8ecafpLtp1iXVmQNjbA0ejgT2NkeZze9JsQCxmC-2FAyOJzfSxj1o4RiMXn1tTWAckJ-2BSVFwkuE4UDGQO6ASIEG2V8OFUOrnGks-3D">Fabiola Gianotti</a>,
the CERN Director-General, who stressed the value of education and
outreach with the public. “Sharing CERN’s research and the beauty and
utility of science with the public has always been a key objective and
activity of CERN, and with Science Gateway, as of tomorrow, we can
expand significantly this component of our mission. We want to show the
importance of fundamental research and its applications to society,
infuse everyone who comes here with curiosity and a passion for science,
and inspire young people to take up careers in Science, Technology,
Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)” she said. “Science Gateway will be a
place where scientists and the public can interact daily. For me,
personally, Science Gateway is a dream that has become a reality and I
am deeply grateful to all the people who have contributed, starting with
our generous donors.” <a data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc4S4iO7LvdCGQv5rqUmndvRjgox8ExxUF8yahIvFyLW-Miy_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozaBBztP3XEcb5sRJ0zCfzbeSST7RINw27nMttfANlamiuiOW61zBnoGKJ4NxkA7miDPOrjyhrd81HFdUer49UnuCr4klbCSxFUtu80X4xm7naxOE-2F1Pk-2FM-2FtIJf-2FDsg78uhzNkN1-2BDfBt7hr-2Fntm78JbH8aQHuk5t-2BGCPKc-2BhKHdjcFyYEmWkXnUvz-2B0JBBljjPwFPONMRjONuagJ7FVr7xpGsWoBvJoekkDmuou2fys-3D" href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc4S4iO7LvdCGQv5rqUmndvRjgox8ExxUF8yahIvFyLW-Miy_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozaBBztP3XEcb5sRJ0zCfzbeSST7RINw27nMttfANlamiuiOW61zBnoGKJ4NxkA7miDPOrjyhrd81HFdUer49UnuCr4klbCSxFUtu80X4xm7naxOE-2F1Pk-2FM-2FtIJf-2FDsg78uhzNkN1-2BDfBt7hr-2Fntm78JbH8aQHuk5t-2BGCPKc-2BhKHdjcFyYEmWkXnUvz-2B0JBBljjPwFPONMRjONuagJ7FVr7xpGsWoBvJoekkDmuou2fys-3D">CERN</a>, the European Laboratory for Particle Physics, is the home of the <a data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7XvS8KZZmPynhUVdb07SDKsdVxYxzSyIVWZb3PRLoJb72-2B-2FG4LjtqB66UcSweNZs-2Foo-3DFFJF_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozaBBztP3XEcb5sRJ0zCfzbeSST7RINw27nMttfANlamiuiOW61zBnoGKJ4NxkA7miDPOrjyhrd81HFdUer49Unv1PrXiZJCZ1dpASWZKqhzEtB6knetPQPfFomEnvAQ2GaYgAgaMqWtDGH-2FTSA9aIbeFWVQHSeOpHUWGywSchvn1MAFv9Ja1pLcSI2d3Qycx9PXCYiTsQosq-2BM2rioTJefH4mpQRmysNFlvQtqveT2xw-3D" href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7XvS8KZZmPynhUVdb07SDKsdVxYxzSyIVWZb3PRLoJb72-2B-2FG4LjtqB66UcSweNZs-2Foo-3DFFJF_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozaBBztP3XEcb5sRJ0zCfzbeSST7RINw27nMttfANlamiuiOW61zBnoGKJ4NxkA7miDPOrjyhrd81HFdUer49Unv1PrXiZJCZ1dpASWZKqhzEtB6knetPQPfFomEnvAQ2GaYgAgaMqWtDGH-2FTSA9aIbeFWVQHSeOpHUWGywSchvn1MAFv9Ja1pLcSI2d3Qycx9PXCYiTsQosq-2BM2rioTJefH4mpQRmysNFlvQtqveT2xw-3D">Large Hadron Collider</a>, the world’s largest and most powerful particle accelerator. In
his address, the President of the Swiss Confederation, Alain Berset,
said: “Those familiar with Venn diagrams will agree that this invisible
circle puts CERN at the intersection between Switzerland, France and
Europe, thus symbolising its commitment to shared scientific and
political values. CERN truly is an exceptional facility and one that
enables Switzerland and Geneva to shine on the world stage.” The
iconic building, inspired by the tubular structure of CERN’s
accelerators, comprises five areas housing exhibitions, laboratories and
an auditorium that can be flexibly configured into different spaces
depending on requirements, as well as a shop and a restaurant.  The
transparent glass panels and bridges further represent CERN’s
commitment to collaboration across borders and culture and open science
that is accessible to all. Renzo Piano, chief architect of the
project, said: “This will be a place where people meet: kids, students,
adults, teachers and scientists, everybody attracted by the exploration
of the Universe, from the infinitely vast to the infinitely small. It is
a bridge, in both a metaphorical and a real sense. This building is fed
by the energy of the Sun, landed in the middle of a newly grown
forest.” Not only is the building visually striking, but CERN and
the architects committed to it being fully carbon neutral, and almost
4000 square metres of solar panels supply more power than the building’s
needs. Over 400 trees have been planted, situating the whole campus in a
living forest.  While the full project was launched in 2018,
construction of the Science Gateway campus took just over two years,
with the first stone of the building being laid on <a data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUZNwZ4zLyzOebsryBBP7XUhiA27-2BM77xkyI5XgId4mNxTmy2ZtFwgXzN4VyaqhO-2BOWdFU51ys6qM9u3PLomquYsBhKZjB-2B0jO93VOYbQKSI0wn8F_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozaBBztP3XEcb5sRJ0zCfzbeSST7RINw27nMttfANlamiuiOW61zBnoGKJ4NxkA7miDPOrjyhrd81HFdUer49Unn32d2RA7HNU8iM1FsBwrRR3f6AyUGad9XhwZdJ-2B7P711qPUBgGXv7b7eK9hGTNTVNslUaXrKchqe7-2FODmkVsJ3YCmy-2Footf2i16LyTKqyitG9elgkyCkpHr2vBdcvGEbx-2FvQqKBDqYs68GiW0NRvBs-3D" href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUZNwZ4zLyzOebsryBBP7XUhiA27-2BM77xkyI5XgId4mNxTmy2ZtFwgXzN4VyaqhO-2BOWdFU51ys6qM9u3PLomquYsBhKZjB-2B0jO93VOYbQKSI0wn8F_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozaBBztP3XEcb5sRJ0zCfzbeSST7RINw27nMttfANlamiuiOW61zBnoGKJ4NxkA7miDPOrjyhrd81HFdUer49Unn32d2RA7HNU8iM1FsBwrRR3f6AyUGad9XhwZdJ-2B7P711qPUBgGXv7b7eK9hGTNTVNslUaXrKchqe7-2FODmkVsJ3YCmy-2Footf2i16LyTKqyitG9elgkyCkpHr2vBdcvGEbx-2FvQqKBDqYs68GiW0NRvBs-3D">21 June 2021</a>. This
new facility would not have been possible without the generous support
of the CERN Science Gateway sponsors, who share the same values and,
through their contributions, want to pay tribute to education
and knowledge for the benefit of society. The overall cost of Science
Gateway was about 100 million Swiss francs, and this was funded
exclusively through donations. In particular, the <a data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUTDrk7LNbqljKpGK86DXsPWeeTTg3fVBBO1cFf-2FBnSsuzYdF_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozaBBztP3XEcb5sRJ0zCfzbeSST7RINw27nMttfANlamiuiOW61zBnoGKJ4NxkA7miDPOrjyhrd81HFdUer49UnizUrWsL3A9dkEQf6Kc-2BvRt2tMgkSh55le8DJ76DBrFeCwXIpsvvPyNCETxW1h5Hkhy-2FWDJqq00wcedfPkNQ3ja5u9eIzrj8Ykyk0gxKqSdE1ObTy9nu-2BsyAJ0Ee1lEJFvzVHAzIr-2FbNJ9DmzI5SwHo-3D" href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUTDrk7LNbqljKpGK86DXsPWeeTTg3fVBBO1cFf-2FBnSsuzYdF_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozaBBztP3XEcb5sRJ0zCfzbeSST7RINw27nMttfANlamiuiOW61zBnoGKJ4NxkA7miDPOrjyhrd81HFdUer49UnizUrWsL3A9dkEQf6Kc-2BvRt2tMgkSh55le8DJ76DBrFeCwXIpsvvPyNCETxW1h5Hkhy-2FWDJqq00wcedfPkNQ3ja5u9eIzrj8Ykyk0gxKqSdE1ObTy9nu-2BsyAJ0Ee1lEJFvzVHAzIr-2FbNJ9DmzI5SwHo-3D">Stellantis Foundation</a> is
the largest single donor and contributed 45 million Swiss francs
towards the project. John Elkann, Chairman of Stellantis, said: “CERN is
an example of how we can work together in harmony, using scientific
knowledge and ingenuity for the greater good. Stellantis Foundation is
proud to partner with such an institution as it opens to the public the
new Science Gateway, which also celebrates a great innovator like Sergio
Marchionne. My family and I strongly believe in the power of education,
which is the mission of the Fondazione Agnelli : a commitment we
reinforce today with conviction and passion.” As part of wider
society, Stellantis takes action to advance human achievement.
Stellantis, through its philanthropic activities and its Foundation,
invests in individuals through education projects that spark innovation
and excellence.  The Fondation Hans Wilsdorf is also a major
donor. Other donors are the LEGO foundation, the Loterie Romande, Ernst
Göhner Stiftung, Rolex, the Carla Fendi Foundation, the Fondation
Gelbert, Solvay, the Fondation Meyrinoise du Casino and the town of
Meyrin. CERN thanks the République et Canton de Genève and the CERN and
Society Foundation for their support. The ceremony took place in
the new 900-seat auditorium, named after Sergio Marchionne, former CEO
of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, who recently passed away. Guests visited
the education laboratories and the unique immersive exhibitions and
enjoyed the Big Bang Café, the Collider Circle square and other areas of
the Science Gateway campus. Throughout the day, guided by CERN
scientists and children of CERN personnel, visitors were able to
experience first-hand the range of Science Gateway’s opportunities, from
interactive exhibitions to laboratories for hands-on experiments and
immersive spaces. They also had the opportunity to appreciate CERN’s
scientific breakthroughs and technologies, learn about the history of
the Universe and admire the mysteries of the quantum world. Teenagers
guided guests through various enquiry-based laboratory activities
throughout the afternoon.  Eliezer Rabinovici, President of the
CERN Council, speaking on behalf of CERN’s Member and Associate Member
States, said: “Today we celebrate the courage and passion to innovate
that CERN has always demonstrated and the commitment to share the fruits
of its research with people from all countries and of all ages. May the
science leaders of tomorrow come from among the curious children who
will fill this wonderful place with joy in the coming years.”The
new centre is expected to host up to 500 000 visitors a year from
across the world. Science Gateway will be free of charge and open 6 days
a week, from Tuesday to Sunday. ]]></description>
<category>News From Europe</category>
<pubDate>Tue, 10 Oct 2023 15:23:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>The CTAO will double its staff as major infrastructure development begins In 2024</title>
<link>https://www.eps.org/news/652350/</link>
<guid>https://www.eps.org/news/652350/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[<img alt="" src="https://www.eps.org/resource/resmgr/news/Chile_V04_Final-scaled.jpeg" style="width: 750px;" />Rendering of the southern array site, <a href="https://www.cta-observatory.org/about/locations/ctao-south/" rel="noopener" target="_blank" data-mce-href="https://www.cta-observatory.org/about/locations/ctao-south/">CTAO-South</a>, located in Chile. Credit: CTAO Bologna, Italy – On 6 September 2023, the Cherenkov
Telescope Array Observatory’s (CTAO’s) two governing bodies, the Board
of Governmental Representatives (BGR) and the <a href="https://www.cta-observatory.org/about/governance/" rel="noopener" target="_blank" data-mce-href="https://www.cta-observatory.org/about/governance/">CTAO gGmbH Council</a>,
gathered to agree on the significant forthcoming measures to advance
the Observatory to its construction phase. During the meeting, both
bodies unanimously certified their commitment to the progress of the
CTAO, including a foreseen endorsement of up to approximately 30 million
euro for 2024. This represents a significant increase in annual
funding, which will enable the Observatory to not only move forward with
substantial infrastructure development but also to double its
workforce.The CTAO is in the process of a two-step application to
transition from a gGmbH (under the German law) to a European Research
Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC, under the European law). While the <a href="https://www.cta-observatory.org/bgr-submits-step2-application-ctao-eric/" rel="noopener" target="_blank" data-mce-href="https://www.cta-observatory.org/bgr-submits-step2-application-ctao-eric/">first step has been completed</a>,
discussions with the European Commission concerning the second step are
still ongoing. The agreement between the BGR, comprised of
representatives of the future legal entity’s member countries, and the
CTAO gGmbH Council, allows the project to proceed in the meantime.“While
we continue to work towards obtaining the ERIC status, the member
countries and organisations within the BGR are prepared to advance the
project to its next phase,” explains Aldo Covello, Chair of the BGR.
Markus Schleier, Chair of the CTAO gGmbH Council, stated: “The pledge of
the BGR and the agreement we have reached in the Council will not only
ensure the stability of the project but will undoubtedly help the CTAO
attract new talent and investment as it continues to grow.”The
current legal entity of the CTAO, the CTAO gGmbH, and its partners have
carried out extensive design and pre-construction activities, including
the advancement of telescopes, such as the LST-1, the prototype of the
Large-Sized Telescope under commissioning on the CTAO-North site in La
Palma, Spain. In 2024, the Observatory plans to open at least 30 new
positions and start major infrastructure development including building
roads, power systems, and foundations for its southern array site in the
Atacama Desert (Chile). Together with the very important developments
in the northern array site, this represents a major milestone for the
project.These steps will bring the Observatory closer to realizing <a href="https://www.cta-observatory.org/ctao-releases-layouts-for-alpha-configuration/" rel="noopener" target="_blank" data-mce-href="https://www.cta-observatory.org/ctao-releases-layouts-for-alpha-configuration/">its planned 64 telescopes</a>, which will deliver an unprecedented sensitivity in the quest to unveil new discoveries in the high-energy gamma-ray Universe.]]></description>
<category>News International </category>
<pubDate>Mon, 25 Sep 2023 12:21:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>Commission and UK reach political agreement on UK participation in Horizon Europe and Copernicus</title>
<link>https://www.eps.org/news/651039/</link>
<guid>https://www.eps.org/news/651039/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[<div class="ecl-paragraph">The European Commission and the United Kingdom <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_23_4375" data-mce-href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_23_4375">reached a political agreement on 7th September 2023</a>
on the UK's participation in Horizon Europe, the EU's research and
innovation programme, and Copernicus, the EU's world-leading Earth
observation programme.President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, said: “The
EU and UK are key strategic partners and allies, and today's agreement
proves that point. We will continue to be at the forefront of global
science and research.”This mutually agreed solution follows
in-depth discussions between the EU and the UK and will be beneficial to
both. It will allow the EU and UK to deepen their relationship in
research, innovation and space, bringing together research and space
communities.Today's agreement remains fully in line with the
EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement. The UK will be required to
contribute financially to the EU budget and is subject to all the
safeguards of the Trade and Cooperation Agreement. Overall, it is
estimated that the UK will contribute almost €2.6 billion per year on
average for its participation to both Horizon Europe and the Copernicus
component of the Space programme.In more detailAs of 1 January 2024, researchers and organisations in the UK will be able to participate in Horizon Europe
on par with their counterparts in EU Member States and will have access
to Horizon Europe funding. This will reinforce the opportunity to be
part of a worldwide network of researchers and innovators aimed at
tackling global challenges in climate, energy, mobility, digital,
industry and space, health, and more.Association to Copernicus will
enable the UK's contribution to a strategically important space
programme with a state-of-the art capacity to monitor the Earth and to
access its services. Copernicus makes an essential contribution in
reaching our European Green Deal and net-zero objectives.The UK will also have access to services from the EU Space Surveillance and Tracking, a component of the EU Space Programme.Next stepsToday's
political agreement must now be approved by the Council before being
formally adopted in the EU-UK Specialised Committee on Participation in
Union Programmes.BackgroundThe UK
association to certain EU programmes is governed by the Trade and
Cooperation Agreement. The agreement on the Windsor Framework earlier
this year allowed the EU and the UK to open a new chapter in their
partnership, based on mutual trust and full cooperation.For more information<ul><li><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_23_4375" data-mce-href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_23_4375">Joint statement by the European Commission and UK Government</a> </li><li><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/qanda_23_4373" data-mce-href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/qanda_23_4373">Questions and Answers</a> </li><li><a href="https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/funding/funding-opportunities/funding-programmes-and-open-calls/horizon-europe_en" data-mce-href="https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/funding/funding-opportunities/funding-programmes-and-open-calls/horizon-europe_en">Horizon Europe</a> </li><li><a href="https://www.copernicus.eu/en" data-mce-href="https://www.copernicus.eu/en">Copernicus</a> </li><li><a href="https://www.eusst.eu/" data-mce-href="https://www.eusst.eu/">EU SST – EU Space Surveillance and Tracking</a> </li></ul></div>]]></description>
<category>News From Europe</category>
<pubDate>Fri, 8 Sep 2023 09:50:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>On the track of elusive neutrinos</title>
<link>https://www.eps.org/news/650918/</link>
<guid>https://www.eps.org/news/650918/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[<img alt="" src="https://www.eps.org/resource/resmgr/news/08prismaproject8phaseIIdrama.png" style="width: 750px;" /> View to Seattle: While the Project 8 group in Mainz is focusing on the
development of atomic sources, the first prototypes of the experiment
have been built in the USA. The device shown here is the second built by
the collaboration and the first to use tritium. ©/Foto: A. Lindman /
Project 8 Collaboration  University of Mainz, 7th September 2023. Important milestone reached in "Project 8" experiment to measure neutrino massNeutrinos
are ubiquitous elementary particles that interact only very weakly with
normal matter. Therefore, they usually penetrate it unhindered and are
therefore also called ghost particles. Nevertheless, neutrinos play a
predominant role in the early universe. In order to fully explain how
our universe evolved, we need above all to know their mass. But so far,
it has not been possible to determine this mass.The international
Project 8 collaboration wants to change this with its new experiment.
For the first time, Project 8 is using a completely new technology to
determine the neutrino mass, the so-called "Cyclotron Radiation Emission
Spectroscopy" - CRES for short. In a recent publication in the renowned
journal Physical Review Letters, the Project 8 collaboration
has now been able to show that the CRES method is indeed suitable for
determining the neutrino mass and has already set an upper limit for
this fundamental quantity in a first measurement – an important
milestone has thus been reached. From Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz (JGU), the research groups of Prof. Dr. Martin Fertl and Prof. Dr.
Sebastian Böser are involved, both researchers at the Cluster of
Excellence PRISMA+. Dr. Christine Claessens, former PhD
student of Sebastian Böser and now postdoc at the University of
Washington in Seattle (USA), made a crucial contribution to the current
publication as part of her PhD thesis.Electrons as the key to neutrino massThe
Project 8 experiment uses the beta decay of radioactive tritium to
track neutrino mass. Tritium is a heavy relative of hydrogen – a
so-called isotope. It is unstable and consists of one proton and two
neutrons. By converting one of these neutrons into a proton, tritium
decays to helium while emitting an electron and an antineutrino. "And
here's the kicker," says Martin Fertl. "Since neutrinos and their
antiparticles have no electric charge, they are very difficult to
detect. Therefore, we don't even try to detect them. Instead, we measure
the energy of the resulting electrons via their orbital frequency in a
magnetic field. Based on the shape of the energy spectrum of the
electrons, we then determine the neutrino mass, or set an upper limit on
that mass in this way."Very precise measurement of electron energy is necessaryTo
obtain reliable results, the energy of the electrons must be measured
extremely precisely. This is because the resulting (anti)neutrino is
incredibly light, at least 500,000 times lighter than an electron. "When
neutrinos and electrons are produced simultaneously, the neutrino mass
has only a tiny effect on the electron's motion. And we want to see this
small effect," explains Sebastian Böser. The method that makes this
possible is called "Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy" (CRES).
It registers the microwave radiation emitted by the nascent electrons
when they are forced into a circular path in a magnetic field. The
frequency of the emitted radiation can be determined extremely precisely
and then the mass of the neutrino can be inferred from the electron
energy.To make this work, Christine Claessens has made a decisive
experimental contribution: "As part of my doctoral thesis, I developed,
among other things, an event detection system consisting of a real-time
trigger and an offline event reconstruction. This system searches for
the characteristic CRES features in the continuously digitized and
processed radio frequency signal. Reconstruction of the start frequency
of each electron event enables high-precision recording of a tritium
decay spectrum." On this basis, Christine Claessens succeeded in
analyzing the first tritium spectrum recorded with CRES with respect to
systematic uncertainties – and thus in calculating a first upper limit
for the neutrino mass with this new technology, which has now found its
way into the latest publication.There, the Project 8
collaboration specifically reports 3,770 tritium-beta decay events that
were registered over a period of 82 days in a sample cell the size of a
single pea. The sample cell is cooled to very low temperatures and
placed in a magnetic field that causes the escaping electrons to travel
in a circular path long enough for the detectors to register a microwave
signal. Crucially, no false signals or background events are registered
that could be mistaken for or mask the "real signal". "The resulting
first-time determination of the upper limit for the neutrino mass with a
purely frequency-based measurement technique is a very promising
result, since we can measure frequencies very accurately nowadays,"
Sebastian Böser and Martin Fertl conclude.Next steps are already underwayAfter
the successful proof of principle, the next step is ready: For the
final experiment, the researchers need individual tritium atoms, which
they create from the fission of tritium molecules. This is tricky
because tritium, like hydrogen, prefers to form molecules. Developing
such a source – first for atomic hydrogen and later for atomic tritium –
is an important contribution of the Mainz team.At the moment the
Project 8 collaboration, which includes members from ten research
institutions worldwide, is working on testing designs for scaling up the
experiment from a pea-sized sample chamber to one a thousand times
larger. This will allow far more beta decay events to be registered. At
the end of a multi-year research and development program, the Project 8
experiment should eventually surpass the sensitivity of previous
experiments – such as the current KATRIN experiment – to provide a value
for neutrino mass for the first time. ]]></description>
<category>News From Europe</category>
<pubDate>Thu, 7 Sep 2023 11:06:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>Furthest ever detection of a galaxy’s magnetic field</title>
<link>https://www.eps.org/news/650916/</link>
<guid>https://www.eps.org/news/650916/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[<img alt="" src="https://www.eps.org/resource/resmgr/news/eso2316a.jpg" style="width: 750px;" />ALMA view of the 9io9 galaxy - © ESO ESO, 6th September 2023. Using the Atacama Large
Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), astronomers have detected the
magnetic field of a galaxy so far away that its light has taken more
than 11 billion years to reach us: we see it as it was when the Universe
was just 2.5 billion years old. The result provides astronomers with
vital clues about how the magnetic fields of galaxies like our own Milky
Way came to be.Lots of astronomical bodies in the Universe have magnetic fields, whether it be planets, stars or galaxies. “Many
people might not be aware that our entire galaxy and other galaxies are
laced with magnetic fields, spanning tens of thousands of light-years,”
says James Geach, a professor of astrophysics at the University of
Hertfordshire, UK, and lead author of the study published today in Nature.“We actually know very little about how these fields form, despite their being quite fundamental to how galaxies evolve,”
adds Enrique Lopez Rodriguez, a researcher at Stanford University, USA,
who also participated in the study. It is not clear how early in the
lifetime of the Universe, and how quickly, magnetic fields in galaxies
form because so far astronomers have only mapped magnetic fields in
galaxies close to us.Now, using<a href="https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/" data-mce-href="https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/"> ALMA</a>, in which the European Southern Observatory (<a href="https://www.eso.org/public/" data-mce-href="https://www.eso.org/public/">ESO</a>)
is a partner, Geach and his team have discovered a fully formed
magnetic field in a distant galaxy, similar in structure to what is
observed in nearby galaxies. The field is about 1000 times weaker than
the Earth’s magnetic field, but extends over more than 16 000
light-years.“This discovery gives us new clues as to how galactic-scale magnetic fields are formed,”
explains Geach. Observing a fully developed magnetic field this early
in the history of the Universe indicates that magnetic fields spanning
entire galaxies can form rapidly while young galaxies are still growing.The
team believes that intense star formation in the early Universe could
have played a role in accelerating the development of the fields.
Moreover, these fields can in turn influence how later generations of
stars will form. Co-author and ESO astronomer Rob Ivison says that the
discovery opens up “a new window onto the inner workings of galaxies, because the magnetic fields are linked to the material that is forming new stars.”To make this detection, the team searched for light emitted by dust grains in a distant galaxy, 9io9 <a href="https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso2316/?lang#1" data-mce-href="https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso2316/?lang#1">[1]</a>.
Galaxies are packed full of dust grains and when a magnetic field is
present, the grains tend to align and the light they emit becomes<a href="https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/polarimetry/" data-mce-href="https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/polarimetry/"> polarised</a>.
This means that the light waves oscillate along a preferred direction
rather than randomly. When ALMA detected and mapped a polarised signal
coming from 9io9, the presence of a magnetic field in a very distant
galaxy was confirmed for the first time.“No other telescope could have achieved this,”
says Geach. The hope is that with this and future observations of
distant magnetic fields the mystery of how these fundamental galactic
features form will begin to unravel.<h3>Notes</h3><a class="anchor mceItemAnchor" name="1"></a>[1]
9io9 was discovered in the course of a citizen science project. The
discovery was helped by viewers of the British BBC television programme
Stargazing Live, when over three nights in 2014 the audience was asked
to examine millions of images in the hunt for distant galaxies.<h3>Links</h3><ul><li><a href="https://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso2316/eso2316a.pdf" data-mce-href="https://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso2316/eso2316a.pdf">Research paper</a> </li><li><a href="https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/alma/" data-mce-href="https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/alma/">Photos of ALMA</a> </li></ul>]]></description>
<category>News From Europe</category>
<pubDate>Thu, 7 Sep 2023 10:59:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>New type of star gives clues to mysterious origin of magnetars</title>
<link>https://www.eps.org/news/649270/</link>
<guid>https://www.eps.org/news/649270/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[<img alt="" src="https://www.eps.org/resource/resmgr/news/eso2313a.jpg" style="width: 750px;" />Artist’s impression of HD 45166, the star that might become a magnetar - © ESO Magnetars are the strongest magnets in
the Universe. These super-dense dead stars with ultra-strong magnetic
fields can be found all over our galaxy but astronomers don’t know
exactly how they form. Now, using multiple telescopes around the world,
including European Southern Observatory (ESO) facilities, researchers
have uncovered a living star that is likely to become a magnetar. This
finding marks the discovery of a new type of astronomical object —
massive magnetic helium stars — and sheds light on the origin of
magnetars.
Despite having been observed for over 100 years, the
enigmatic nature of the star HD 45166 could not be easily explained by
conventional models, and little was known about it beyond the fact that
it is one of a pair of stars <a href="https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso2313/?lang#1">[1]</a>, is rich in helium and is a few times more massive than our Sun.
“This star became a bit of an obsession of mine,”
says Tomer Shenar, the lead author of a study on this object published
today in Science and an astronomer at the University of Amsterdam, the
Netherlands. “Tomer and I refer to HD 45166 as the ‘zombie star’,” says co-author and ESO astronomer Julia Bodensteiner, based in Germany. “This is not only because this star is so unique, but also because I jokingly said that it turns Tomer into a zombie."
Having studied similar helium-rich stars before, Shenar
thought magnetic fields could crack the case. Indeed, magnetic fields
are known to influence the behaviour of stars and could explain why
traditional models failed to describe HD 45166, which is located about
3000 light-years away in the constellation Monoceros. “I remember having a Eureka moment while reading the literature: ‘What if the star is magnetic?’,” says Shenar, who is currently based at the Centre for Astrobiology in Madrid, Spain.
Shenar and his team set out to study the star using
multiple facilities around the globe. The main observations were
conducted in February 2022 using an instrument on the
Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope that can detect and measure magnetic
fields. The team also relied on key archive data taken with the
Fiber-fed Extended Range Optical Spectrograph (<a href="https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/feros/">FEROS</a>) at ESO’s <a href="https://eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/">La Silla Observatory</a> in Chile.
Once the observations were in, Shenar asked co-author Gregg
Wade, an expert on magnetic fields in stars at the Royal Military
College of Canada, to examine the data. Wade’s response confirmed
Shenar’s hunch: “Well my friend, whatever this thing is — it is definitely magnetic.”
Shenar's team had found that the star has an incredibly strong magnetic field, of 43 000 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss_(unit)">gauss</a>, making HD 45166 the most magnetic massive star found to date <a href="https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso2313/?lang#2">[2]</a>. “The entire surface of the helium star has a magnetic field almost 100,000 times stronger than Earth's,” explains co-author Pablo Marchant, an astronomer at KU Leuven’s Institute of Astronomy in Belgium [see edit].
This observation marks the discovery of the very first massive magnetic helium star. “It is exciting to uncover a new type of astronomical object,” says Shenar, ”especially when it’s been hiding in plain sight all along.”
Moreover, it provides clues to the origin of magnetars,
compact dead stars laced with magnetic fields at least a billion times
stronger than the one in HD 45166. The team’s calculations suggest that
this star will end its life as a magnetar. As it collapses under its own
gravity, its magnetic field will strengthen, and the star will
eventually become a very compact core with a magnetic field of around
100 trillion gauss <a href="https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso2313/?lang#3">[3]</a> — the most powerful type of magnet in the Universe.
Shenar and his team also found that HD 45166 has a mass
smaller than previously reported, around twice the mass of the Sun, and
that its stellar pair orbits at a far larger distance than believed
before. Furthermore, their research indicates that HD 45166 formed
through the merger of two smaller helium-rich stars. “Our findings completely reshape our understanding of HD 45166,” concludes Bodensteiner.
Edit [17 August]: the quote by Pablo Marchant was
changed since a unit conversion mistake led to the previous version
being incorrect.
<h3>Notes</h3><a class="anchor" name="1"></a>[1] While HD 45166 is a binary system, in this text HD 45166 refers to the helium-rich star, not to both stars.
<a class="anchor" name="2"></a>[2] The magnetic field of 43 000 gauss is the strongest magnetic field ever detected in a star that exceeds the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandrasekhar_limit">Chandrasekhar mass limit</a>, which is the critical limit above which stars may collapse into neutron stars (magnetars are a type of neutron star).
<a class="anchor" name="3"></a>[3] In this text, a billion refers to one followed by nine zeros and a trillion refers to one followed by 12 zeros.]]></description>
<category>News From Europe</category>
<pubDate>Fri, 18 Aug 2023 07:37:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>ATLAS sets record precision on Higgs boson’s mass</title>
<link>https://www.eps.org/news/648073/</link>
<guid>https://www.eps.org/news/648073/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[<p style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center;" data-mce-style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center;"><img alt="ATLAS-Higgs_decay_2_photons.png" src="https://eu.vocuspr.com/Publish/2960786/vcsPRAsset_2960786_97881_1fe67292-f99c-462c-89b6-1f17e114b6dd_0.png" style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;" width="600" height="337" /><p style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center;" data-mce-style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center;">New result from the ATLAS experiment at CERN reaches the unprecedented precision of 0.09%<p style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center;" data-mce-style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center;"> <p class="BodyA" style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;" data-mce-style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;">In the 11 years since its discovery at the <a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUbu54SGOJ2jHHD7Cp1OOp6wajqmrJV82xTzbNUdpev19SZ1knBoAtwzh92dmeSiM5mKWnlm0DIWrXbgYXjodpnM-3D9xWZ_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozhD-2FPZTgrQ6q1SxDzbIkr46c0QovXGCztNIaBeX0d1h9Jr-2FHE5WWOURxWQqp49BMTFXeMP9VDewREg78YHwIKAPuQXBB-2FzC2YKRu5Y4V4g-2BiS-2BnY0QobGI2NiNmupm2DoNQlD3uW4kvfgs4yyrsGzlJEj9EHo4NxXlYpXP1w62PtNP5MGY5c7K6MDe8OsHlGScU6B-2Fw-2BbUKEWODsuhKNRin-2FVn-2FAgGJcs8C5q4CSeSfo-3D" data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUbu54SGOJ2jHHD7Cp1OOp6wajqmrJV82xTzbNUdpev19SZ1knBoAtwzh92dmeSiM5mKWnlm0DIWrXbgYXjodpnM-3D9xWZ_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozhD-2FPZTgrQ6q1SxDzbIkr46c0QovXGCztNIaBeX0d1h9Jr-2FHE5WWOURxWQqp49BMTFXeMP9VDewREg78YHwIKAPuQXBB-2FzC2YKRu5Y4V4g-2BiS-2BnY0QobGI2NiNmupm2DoNQlD3uW4kvfgs4yyrsGzlJEj9EHo4NxXlYpXP1w62PtNP5MGY5c7K6MDe8OsHlGScU6B-2Fw-2BbUKEWODsuhKNRin-2FVn-2FAgGJcs8C5q4CSeSfo-3D">Large Hadron Collider</a> (LHC), the <a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7XswC-2B7NIy-2F8s9eIUhZuqbYWh1V5HItPW6T0-2BS3ZyJmCTQ-3D-3D3YSu_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozhD-2FPZTgrQ6q1SxDzbIkr46c0QovXGCztNIaBeX0d1h9Jr-2FHE5WWOURxWQqp49BMTFXeMP9VDewREg78YHwIKAFpVz0GL0bNE6VDCKi0NPBI9KDRBzz6zM-2FvjrWDyqb1-2BJhFCxZp2E4ND1Dl4GFs1gQQld7-2FQqhpo8M8h65D-2FLlRHSan7r5NOPSX-2FObLs1qixiwrUu-2BEZmvkK4d2YNOOs0O8Ne5fILwvM5LzGkW5ubJk-3D" data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7XswC-2B7NIy-2F8s9eIUhZuqbYWh1V5HItPW6T0-2BS3ZyJmCTQ-3D-3D3YSu_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozhD-2FPZTgrQ6q1SxDzbIkr46c0QovXGCztNIaBeX0d1h9Jr-2FHE5WWOURxWQqp49BMTFXeMP9VDewREg78YHwIKAFpVz0GL0bNE6VDCKi0NPBI9KDRBzz6zM-2FvjrWDyqb1-2BJhFCxZp2E4ND1Dl4GFs1gQQld7-2FQqhpo8M8h65D-2FLlRHSan7r5NOPSX-2FObLs1qixiwrUu-2BEZmvkK4d2YNOOs0O8Ne5fILwvM5LzGkW5ubJk-3D"><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal !important; font-variant-caps: normal !important; font-variant-east-asian: normal !important; font-variant-position: normal !important;" data-mce-style="font-variant-ligatures: normal !important; font-variant-caps: normal !important; font-variant-east-asian: normal !important; font-variant-position: normal !important;">Higgs boson</a> has
become a central avenue for shedding light on the fundamental structure
of the Universe. Precise measurements of the properties of this special
particle are among the most powerful tools physicists have to test the<a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7XuOyny3lMMNWyDeffTeLS3gdOomCIfdo0rwKS02U9VHNg-3D-3DekMp_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozhD-2FPZTgrQ6q1SxDzbIkr46c0QovXGCztNIaBeX0d1h9Jr-2FHE5WWOURxWQqp49BMTFXeMP9VDewREg78YHwIKAAhheKstP9W8T-2FmZFBAmMILiOdB0vI6vBVuUUuB3THmTtpGzoC-2FdTQ8VoCSOaX-2Bf8yLNhb-2FfXTNhVHRnagKA0QoKzVl1yLYzykccf1DGmqEt5zi3t1tIfuTPXLoxO-2FkzEdjoh3wAfYaTVDz931q8mOM-3D" data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7XuOyny3lMMNWyDeffTeLS3gdOomCIfdo0rwKS02U9VHNg-3D-3DekMp_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozhD-2FPZTgrQ6q1SxDzbIkr46c0QovXGCztNIaBeX0d1h9Jr-2FHE5WWOURxWQqp49BMTFXeMP9VDewREg78YHwIKAAhheKstP9W8T-2FmZFBAmMILiOdB0vI6vBVuUUuB3THmTtpGzoC-2FdTQ8VoCSOaX-2Bf8yLNhb-2FfXTNhVHRnagKA0QoKzVl1yLYzykccf1DGmqEt5zi3t1tIfuTPXLoxO-2FkzEdjoh3wAfYaTVDz931q8mOM-3D"><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal !important; font-variant-caps: normal !important; font-variant-east-asian: normal !important; font-variant-position: normal !important;" data-mce-style="font-variant-ligatures: normal !important; font-variant-caps: normal !important; font-variant-east-asian: normal !important; font-variant-position: normal !important;"> Standard Model</a>, currently the theory that best describes the world of particles and their interactions. At the<a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUWS47esSiYuxU3G-2Fp6LXM8NbRYOvsUiUiZwfiE10vGZ8SV_l_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozhD-2FPZTgrQ6q1SxDzbIkr46c0QovXGCztNIaBeX0d1h9Jr-2FHE5WWOURxWQqp49BMTFXeMP9VDewREg78YHwIKAOjgzPI1SgvBNz5TP1VeGPAdaL4VmfFQnY8sj8J6LOOD-2BlIlJjo88BiSn-2Bo56mvVAUz0Ar-2BZpiPDw-2BRAjKv7O8pwwrdLcqe1OaeEEBjC1bzWBYIzF8vNkBnGgzvK0NZkX84p48yHOzc-2Bz7EVgBkhthw-3D" data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUWS47esSiYuxU3G-2Fp6LXM8NbRYOvsUiUiZwfiE10vGZ8SV_l_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozhD-2FPZTgrQ6q1SxDzbIkr46c0QovXGCztNIaBeX0d1h9Jr-2FHE5WWOURxWQqp49BMTFXeMP9VDewREg78YHwIKAOjgzPI1SgvBNz5TP1VeGPAdaL4VmfFQnY8sj8J6LOOD-2BlIlJjo88BiSn-2Bo56mvVAUz0Ar-2BZpiPDw-2BRAjKv7O8pwwrdLcqe1OaeEEBjC1bzWBYIzF8vNkBnGgzvK0NZkX84p48yHOzc-2Bz7EVgBkhthw-3D"><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal !important; font-variant-caps: normal !important; font-variant-east-asian: normal !important; font-variant-position: normal !important;" data-mce-style="font-variant-ligatures: normal !important; font-variant-caps: normal !important; font-variant-east-asian: normal !important; font-variant-position: normal !important;"> Lepton Photon Conference</a> this week, the<a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7XvaSd7VykOLipdNbJu-2B56GgYi2eybr2PPK7xuObe7xEZg-3D-3Dzo37_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozhD-2FPZTgrQ6q1SxDzbIkr46c0QovXGCztNIaBeX0d1h9Jr-2FHE5WWOURxWQqp49BMTFXeMP9VDewREg78YHwIKAIu5C5HLQMWD54PdeRqHqNpbvRdcGiEgD53AzjvxCzAOeUuG98rTXAJ146NGeA9hbabO4EYHyrIkqn4fNsaZCJbB5Hom7U7PLdJ4w-2BXJpi-2FDLmMl-2FufYxJEkuYdrvPW6twGUmjISjD3MQ9FIX-2BoB6hY-3D" data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7XvaSd7VykOLipdNbJu-2B56GgYi2eybr2PPK7xuObe7xEZg-3D-3Dzo37_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozhD-2FPZTgrQ6q1SxDzbIkr46c0QovXGCztNIaBeX0d1h9Jr-2FHE5WWOURxWQqp49BMTFXeMP9VDewREg78YHwIKAIu5C5HLQMWD54PdeRqHqNpbvRdcGiEgD53AzjvxCzAOeUuG98rTXAJ146NGeA9hbabO4EYHyrIkqn4fNsaZCJbB5Hom7U7PLdJ4w-2BXJpi-2FDLmMl-2FufYxJEkuYdrvPW6twGUmjISjD3MQ9FIX-2BoB6hY-3D"><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal !important; font-variant-caps: normal !important; font-variant-east-asian: normal !important; font-variant-position: normal !important;" data-mce-style="font-variant-ligatures: normal !important; font-variant-caps: normal !important; font-variant-east-asian: normal !important; font-variant-position: normal !important;"> ATLAS</a>  collaboration reported how it has measured the mass of the Higgs boson more precisely than ever before.<p class="BodyA" style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;" data-mce-style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;"> <p class="BodyA" style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;" data-mce-style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;">The
mass of the Higgs boson is not predicted by the Standard Model and must
therefore be determined by experimental measurement. Its value governs
the strengths of the interactions of the Higgs boson with the other
elementary particles as well as with itself. A precise knowledge of this
fundamental parameter is key to accurate theoretical calculations
which, in turn, allow physicists to confront their measurements of the
Higgs boson’s properties with predictions from the Standard Model.
Deviations from these predictions would signal the presence of new or
unaccounted-for phenomena. The Higgs boson’s mass is also a crucial
parameter driving the evolution and the stability of the <a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=qa2IbKGitjgQYp6e-2BOdtLaJIR8uEAno1mVcTeqRJVHH5L1fe5jOuwNayMJEh1cnbe9bUiDBXUzdzFdhh4eroTpND8Xo-2BaBrg-2BxE2TCG70Nw-3DGAj9_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozhD-2FPZTgrQ6q1SxDzbIkr46c0QovXGCztNIaBeX0d1h9Jr-2FHE5WWOURxWQqp49BMTFXeMP9VDewREg78YHwIKAF3rN3UOQlYKYVmlz-2BYWNy93jvmoWiuZeb5WpxLRhGbdS-2FvjIK2whWnZqb3WwMjTQx285y0BQFULcHaAq4oV18yHuIy6JyIvYlK0mtvhKpvUtisL3V06J7AKWEFaMIzuhDzH7T9-2FOrd8GLC8uy1fNZw-3D" data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=qa2IbKGitjgQYp6e-2BOdtLaJIR8uEAno1mVcTeqRJVHH5L1fe5jOuwNayMJEh1cnbe9bUiDBXUzdzFdhh4eroTpND8Xo-2BaBrg-2BxE2TCG70Nw-3DGAj9_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozhD-2FPZTgrQ6q1SxDzbIkr46c0QovXGCztNIaBeX0d1h9Jr-2FHE5WWOURxWQqp49BMTFXeMP9VDewREg78YHwIKAF3rN3UOQlYKYVmlz-2BYWNy93jvmoWiuZeb5WpxLRhGbdS-2FvjIK2whWnZqb3WwMjTQx285y0BQFULcHaAq4oV18yHuIy6JyIvYlK0mtvhKpvUtisL3V06J7AKWEFaMIzuhDzH7T9-2FOrd8GLC8uy1fNZw-3D">Universe’s vacuum</a>.<p class="BodyA" style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;" data-mce-style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;"> <p class="BodyA" style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;" data-mce-style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;">The ATLAS and <a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7XvXKNfjhuDKpQM83zDjw9fEeteRtemaaAbq39Fl1VJQPg-3D-3DbgXw_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozhD-2FPZTgrQ6q1SxDzbIkr46c0QovXGCztNIaBeX0d1h9Jr-2FHE5WWOURxWQqp49BMTFXeMP9VDewREg78YHwIKAPehaW84slZA4fsgkpeoL2lf2VZMlDkBticT0S8R4AzCh7LPRGOFUEQWj4DVBkiXwkQRHH91yajUWmIKK9gOIP2qJE90UDHz0fQ85uM0ZYOS9TrDsR8QNj0rROif2k65bYGUIkiYOxilwgBGEs-2BVG3k-3D" data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7XvXKNfjhuDKpQM83zDjw9fEeteRtemaaAbq39Fl1VJQPg-3D-3DbgXw_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozhD-2FPZTgrQ6q1SxDzbIkr46c0QovXGCztNIaBeX0d1h9Jr-2FHE5WWOURxWQqp49BMTFXeMP9VDewREg78YHwIKAPehaW84slZA4fsgkpeoL2lf2VZMlDkBticT0S8R4AzCh7LPRGOFUEQWj4DVBkiXwkQRHH91yajUWmIKK9gOIP2qJE90UDHz0fQ85uM0ZYOS9TrDsR8QNj0rROif2k65bYGUIkiYOxilwgBGEs-2BVG3k-3D"><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal !important; font-variant-caps: normal !important; font-variant-east-asian: normal !important; font-variant-position: normal !important;" data-mce-style="font-variant-ligatures: normal !important; font-variant-caps: normal !important; font-variant-east-asian: normal !important; font-variant-position: normal !important;">CMS</a> collaborations
have been making ever more precise measurements of the Higgs boson’s
mass since the particle’s discovery. The new ATLAS measurement combines
two results: a new Higgs boson mass measurement based on an analysis of
the particle’s decay into two high-energy photons (the “diphoton
channel”) and an <a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUXlDN4e46rfX0tz8-2FOw8Dd-2BQ4vz-2B6VOX2dkK2WpFEuQuekos_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozhD-2FPZTgrQ6q1SxDzbIkr46c0QovXGCztNIaBeX0d1h9Jr-2FHE5WWOURxWQqp49BMTFXeMP9VDewREg78YHwIKAIFgCPfv4h5QxMAfdaJU9Cf1qxliIPqNyq4U4iCymucspb9lei-2BdUm41tjUJgArAwY-2F-2FaWMeEZsD1ccLHfgdJJPYDj13Mp-2FyZZVdmTW2JmTBvmiO3QQsopvjWpTDsgWl26JQ-2FiHRFpUy-2BnA01ylf73E-3D" data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUXlDN4e46rfX0tz8-2FOw8Dd-2BQ4vz-2B6VOX2dkK2WpFEuQuekos_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozhD-2FPZTgrQ6q1SxDzbIkr46c0QovXGCztNIaBeX0d1h9Jr-2FHE5WWOURxWQqp49BMTFXeMP9VDewREg78YHwIKAIFgCPfv4h5QxMAfdaJU9Cf1qxliIPqNyq4U4iCymucspb9lei-2BdUm41tjUJgArAwY-2F-2FaWMeEZsD1ccLHfgdJJPYDj13Mp-2FyZZVdmTW2JmTBvmiO3QQsopvjWpTDsgWl26JQ-2FiHRFpUy-2BnA01ylf73E-3D"><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal !important; font-variant-caps: normal !important; font-variant-east-asian: normal !important; font-variant-position: normal !important;" data-mce-style="font-variant-ligatures: normal !important; font-variant-caps: normal !important; font-variant-east-asian: normal !important; font-variant-position: normal !important;">earlier mass measurement</a> based on a study of its decay into four leptons (the “four-lepton channel”).<p class="BodyA" style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;" data-mce-style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;"> <p class="BodyA" style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;" data-mce-style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;">The
new measurement in the diphoton channel, which combines analyses of the
full ATLAS data sets from Runs 1 and 2 of the LHC, resulted in a mass
of 125.22 billion electronvolts (GeV) with an uncertainty of only 0.14
GeV. With a precision of 0.11%, this diphoton-channel result is the most
precise measurement to date of the Higgs boson’s mass from a single
decay channel.<p class="BodyA" style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;" data-mce-style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;"> <p class="BodyA" style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;" data-mce-style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;">Compared
to the previous ATLAS measurement in this channel, the new result
benefits both from the full ATLAS Run 2 data set, which reduced the
statistical uncertainty by a factor of two, and from dramatic
improvements to the calibration of photon energy measurements, which
decreased the systematic uncertainty by almost a factor of four to 0.09
GeV.<p class="BodyA" style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;" data-mce-style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;"> <p class="BodyA" style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;" data-mce-style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;">“The
advanced and rigorous calibration techniques used in this analysis were
critical for pushing the precision to such an unprecedented level,”
says Stefano Manzoni, convener of the ATLAS electron–photon calibration
subgroup. “Their development took several years and required a deep
understanding of the ATLAS detector. They will also greatly benefit
future analyses.”<p class="BodyA" style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;" data-mce-style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;"> <p class="BodyA" style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;" data-mce-style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;">When
the ATLAS researchers combined this new mass measurement in the
diphoton channel with the earlier mass measurement in the four-lepton
channel, they obtained a Higgs boson mass of 125.11 GeV with an
uncertainty of 0.11 GeV. With a precision of 0.09%, this is the most
precise measurement yet of this fundamental parameter.<p class="BodyA" style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;" data-mce-style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;"> <p class="BodyA" style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;" data-mce-style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;">“This
very precise measurement is the result of the relentless investment of
the ATLAS collaboration in improving the understanding of our data,”
says ATLAS spokesperson Andreas Hoecker. “Powerful reconstruction
algorithms paired with precise calibrations are the determining
ingredients of precision measurements. The new measurement of the Higgs
boson’s mass adds to the increasingly detailed mapping of this critical
new sector of particle physics.”<p class="BodyA" style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;" data-mce-style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; border: none; margin: 0cm;"> Find out more on the <a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATURd6O7p9cBoEEIG55l6X6buy7ftSHsb-2BSIytjTfoIh8qipvwSkX-2FhHYNXfmmsK8gdQ-3D-3DkTBB_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozhD-2FPZTgrQ6q1SxDzbIkr46c0QovXGCztNIaBeX0d1h9Jr-2FHE5WWOURxWQqp49BMTFXeMP9VDewREg78YHwIKAG42uk92xDQnMNR1ggzLHcoeqPauOMLkymtPyrqRK-2BwlG-2FGEnf-2FLOtKIaA0oZtVTBDxbNCm9GEsv-2BhG4rzx2W43vD2ZtApbJRCXvaG0TwiqUhB3u5Ilj2LSXJnNAIhzk7ZXcb62zWbLXs0rmhyWbXlg-3D" data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATURd6O7p9cBoEEIG55l6X6buy7ftSHsb-2BSIytjTfoIh8qipvwSkX-2FhHYNXfmmsK8gdQ-3D-3DkTBB_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozhD-2FPZTgrQ6q1SxDzbIkr46c0QovXGCztNIaBeX0d1h9Jr-2FHE5WWOURxWQqp49BMTFXeMP9VDewREg78YHwIKAG42uk92xDQnMNR1ggzLHcoeqPauOMLkymtPyrqRK-2BwlG-2FGEnf-2FLOtKIaA0oZtVTBDxbNCm9GEsv-2BhG4rzx2W43vD2ZtApbJRCXvaG0TwiqUhB3u5Ilj2LSXJnNAIhzk7ZXcb62zWbLXs0rmhyWbXlg-3D">ATLAS website</a>.]]></description>
<category>News From Europe</category>
<pubDate>Tue, 8 Aug 2023 12:54:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>New image reveals secrets of planet birth</title>
<link>https://www.eps.org/news/647301/</link>
<guid>https://www.eps.org/news/647301/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[<img alt="" src="https://www.eps.org/resource/resmgr/news/eso2312a.jpg" style="width: 750px;" />Combined SPHERE and ALMA image of material orbiting V960 Mon - image credit: ESO 25th July 2023. A spectacular new image released
today by the European Southern Observatory gives us clues about how
planets as massive as Jupiter could form. Using ESO’s Very Large
Telescope (VLT) and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array
(ALMA), researchers have detected large dusty clumps, close to a young
star, that could collapse to create giant planets.“This
discovery is truly captivating as it marks the very first detection of
clumps around a young star that have the potential to give rise to giant
planets,” says Alice Zurlo, a researcher at the Universidad Diego Portales, Chile, involved in the observations.The work is based on a mesmerising picture obtained with the Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch (<a href="https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/sphere/" data-mce-href="https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/sphere/">SPHERE</a>) instrument on ESO’s<a href="https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/" data-mce-href="https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/"> VLT</a>
that features fascinating detail of the material around the star V960
Mon. This young star is located over 5000 light-years away in the
constellation Monoceros and attracted astronomers’ attention when it
suddenly increased its brightness more than twenty times in 2014. SPHERE
observations taken shortly after the onset of this brightness
‘outburst’ revealed that the material orbiting V960 Mon is assembling
together in a series of intricate spiral arms extending over distances
bigger than the entire Solar System.This finding then motivated astronomers to analyse archive observations of the same system made with<a href="https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/" data-mce-href="https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/"> ALMA</a>,
in which ESO is a partner. The VLT observations probe the surface of
the dusty material around the star, while ALMA can peer deeper into its
structure. “With ALMA, it became apparent that the spiral arms are
undergoing fragmentation, resulting in the formation of clumps with
masses akin to those of planets,” says Zurlo.Astronomers
believe that giant planets form either by ‘core accretion’, when dust
grains come together, or by ‘gravitational instability’, when large
fragments of the material around a star contract and collapse. While
researchers have previously found evidence for the first of these
scenarios, support for the latter has been scant.“No one had ever seen a real observation of gravitational instability happening at planetary scales — until now,” says Philipp Weber, a researcher at the University of Santiago, Chile, who led the study published today in The Astrophysical Journal Letters.“Our
group has been searching for signs of how planets form for over ten
years, and we couldn't be more thrilled about this incredible discovery,” says team-member Sebastián Pérez from the University of Santiago, Chile.ESO
instruments will help astronomers unveil more details of this
captivating planetary system in the making, and ESO’s Extremely Large
Telescope (<a href="https://elt.eso.org" data-mce-href="https://elt.eso.org">ELT</a>)
will play a key role. Currently under construction in Chile’s Atacama
Desert, the ELT will be able to observe the system in greater detail
than ever before, collecting crucial information about it. “The ELT
will enable the exploration of the chemical complexity surrounding these
clumps, helping us find out more about the composition of the material
from which potential planets are forming,” concludes Weber.<h3>More information</h3>The
team behind this work comprises young researchers from diverse Chilean
universities and institutes, under the Millennium Nucleus on Young
Exoplanets and their Moons (YEMS) research centre, funded by the Chilean
National Agency for Research and Development (ANID) and its Millennium
Science Initiative Program. The two facilities used, ALMA and VLT, are
located in Chile’s Atacama Desert.This research is presented in a paper to appear in The Astrophysical Journal Letters (doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ace186).Composition of the team: <a data-mce-href="https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso2312/?lang" href="https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso2312/?lang">https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso2312/?lang</a> <h3>Links</h3><ul><li><a href="https://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso2312/eso2312a.pdf" data-mce-href="https://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso2312/eso2312a.pdf">Research paper</a> </li><li><a href="http://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/paranal/" data-mce-href="http://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/paranal/">Photos of the VLT</a> </li><li><a href="https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/alma/" data-mce-href="https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/alma/">Photos of ALMA </a> </li><li><a href="https://elt.eso.org" data-mce-href="https://elt.eso.org">Find out more about ESO's Extremely Large Telescope</a></li></ul>]]></description>
<category>News From Europe</category>
<pubDate>Tue, 1 Aug 2023 14:39:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>LHCb tightens precision on key measurements of matter–antimatter asymmetry</title>
<link>https://www.eps.org/news/643459/</link>
<guid>https://www.eps.org/news/643459/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[<p style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center;"><img alt="LHCbMediaUpdate.jpeg" src="https://eu.vocuspr.com/Publish/2960786/vcsPRAsset_2960786_97453_54f45bcb-35c7-41ee-b65b-33e53c9d303d_0.jpeg" width="600" height="428" /> <p style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-align: center;">The LHCb experiment (image: CERN) Geneva 16th June 2023 The Big Bang is thought to have created equal amounts of matter and <a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7Xv4xyjQVbEYkouGMKFcmPFuc1895xgeDBfh5zC3q0DxGQ-3D-3Dv2zs_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozC4LHbeeINfGLYJom2dOczjTT8jtcPzEPjuqqr7uEbUwUJ7-2F4QA7q-2FU7mox3TCggK0ZMGXK2YpHdPcEwgn3nbBI-2BauL4DmUEi3Qs9xbnteGHddr4cHZEm0VNF5KzH66oSh0kWLOpjkakR-2B9z5w9nsQ-2F8iEFnYLS7l5Vjk3pmil1jMAOecm7MiAN-2FW2wHUdgSm3-2B-2F7h6h-2BIYk-2BjfJYenKcaEcxr4CdXAdMg0dXA2jqIcU-3D" data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7Xv4xyjQVbEYkouGMKFcmPFuc1895xgeDBfh5zC3q0DxGQ-3D-3Dv2zs_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozC4LHbeeINfGLYJom2dOczjTT8jtcPzEPjuqqr7uEbUwUJ7-2F4QA7q-2FU7mox3TCggK0ZMGXK2YpHdPcEwgn3nbBI-2BauL4DmUEi3Qs9xbnteGHddr4cHZEm0VNF5KzH66oSh0kWLOpjkakR-2B9z5w9nsQ-2F8iEFnYLS7l5Vjk3pmil1jMAOecm7MiAN-2FW2wHUdgSm3-2B-2F7h6h-2BIYk-2BjfJYenKcaEcxr4CdXAdMg0dXA2jqIcU-3D">antimatter</a>, yet the Universe today is made almost entirely of matter, so something must have happened to create this imbalance.The weak force of the <a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7XuOyny3lMMNWyDeffTeLS3gdOomCIfdo0rwKS02U9VHNg-3D-3DI6tO_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozC4LHbeeINfGLYJom2dOczjTT8jtcPzEPjuqqr7uEbUwUJ7-2F4QA7q-2FU7mox3TCggK0ZMGXK2YpHdPcEwgn3nbBHJfqp8uFzMLhzUvH-2BOA6OQBFVhzDKJciB7LIucBALaQ8aOY94eoDefRjpFXp4rATIn-2F3UNAllcZlxP7KrtN5mfMKDmUW7wwMX63vfj4y6fXuNxJsOO9cz0EQcmRvRU2dYBBgEE7yk4u4bj7Hgfktg4-3D" data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7XuOyny3lMMNWyDeffTeLS3gdOomCIfdo0rwKS02U9VHNg-3D-3DI6tO_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozC4LHbeeINfGLYJom2dOczjTT8jtcPzEPjuqqr7uEbUwUJ7-2F4QA7q-2FU7mox3TCggK0ZMGXK2YpHdPcEwgn3nbBHJfqp8uFzMLhzUvH-2BOA6OQBFVhzDKJciB7LIucBALaQ8aOY94eoDefRjpFXp4rATIn-2F3UNAllcZlxP7KrtN5mfMKDmUW7wwMX63vfj4y6fXuNxJsOO9cz0EQcmRvRU2dYBBgEE7yk4u4bj7Hgfktg4-3D">Standard Model</a> of
particle physics is known to induce a behavioural difference between
matter and antimatter – known as CP symmetry violation – in decays of
particles containing quarks, one of the building blocks of matter. But
these differences, or asymmetries, are hard to measure and insufficient
to explain the matter–antimatter imbalance in the present-day Universe,
prompting physicists to both measure precisely the known differences and
to look for new ones.At a <a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUT0fMHswK-2FrLsWwK4iHO74tZRnAoDXXp5bEfP6hJVuYEjXZt_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozC4LHbeeINfGLYJom2dOczjTT8jtcPzEPjuqqr7uEbUwUJ7-2F4QA7q-2FU7mox3TCggK0ZMGXK2YpHdPcEwgn3nbBI2Hi4QrWjDGRgui0vd519Tf9GxJ-2BavYmNc3gPnWkG3kedZLLdlhMU2-2BXW-2BrKDwgDBWH9cUx0xsYnrOH5-2Fs5BcBf1-2F2-2BsyDhrrcbzESbCKsmGFEC-2BwHKxfdZz4Jw-2B094CT7x1EyDHProT2KapuSJ3OM-3D" data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUT0fMHswK-2FrLsWwK4iHO74tZRnAoDXXp5bEfP6hJVuYEjXZt_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozC4LHbeeINfGLYJom2dOczjTT8jtcPzEPjuqqr7uEbUwUJ7-2F4QA7q-2FU7mox3TCggK0ZMGXK2YpHdPcEwgn3nbBI2Hi4QrWjDGRgui0vd519Tf9GxJ-2BavYmNc3gPnWkG3kedZLLdlhMU2-2BXW-2BrKDwgDBWH9cUx0xsYnrOH5-2Fs5BcBf1-2F2-2BsyDhrrcbzESbCKsmGFEC-2BwHKxfdZz4Jw-2B094CT7x1EyDHProT2KapuSJ3OM-3D">seminar</a> held at CERN today, the <a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7Xv2-2BWbRZYIs9xksAqHWzcfF5nUb-2BoC8HPAkaAGYewMR2w-3D-3D5ofo_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozC4LHbeeINfGLYJom2dOczjTT8jtcPzEPjuqqr7uEbUwUJ7-2F4QA7q-2FU7mox3TCggK0ZMGXK2YpHdPcEwgn3nbBFQeFABc5ruDYXE7M6kuIzG89nwihplJGwtj4XV27wkMM-2FO3S6To-2BMhiokSOW-2FYhxgrk77YUsqOCLLMUa47cwh9pbtcGPk84D9B5BMr697EMFnpFZAe0cf2pWSF1ZJSkQR13zlfAIORqeR2dH7mZdWY-3D" data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7Xv2-2BWbRZYIs9xksAqHWzcfF5nUb-2BoC8HPAkaAGYewMR2w-3D-3D5ofo_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozC4LHbeeINfGLYJom2dOczjTT8jtcPzEPjuqqr7uEbUwUJ7-2F4QA7q-2FU7mox3TCggK0ZMGXK2YpHdPcEwgn3nbBFQeFABc5ruDYXE7M6kuIzG89nwihplJGwtj4XV27wkMM-2FO3S6To-2BMhiokSOW-2FYhxgrk77YUsqOCLLMUa47cwh9pbtcGPk84D9B5BMr697EMFnpFZAe0cf2pWSF1ZJSkQR13zlfAIORqeR2dH7mZdWY-3D">LHCb</a> collaboration
reported how it has measured, more precisely than ever before, two key
parameters that determine such matter–antimatter asymmetries. In
1964, James Cronin and Val Fitch discovered CP symmetry violation
through their pioneering experiment at Brookhaven National Laboratory in
the US, using decays of particles containing strange quarks. This
finding challenged the long-held belief in this symmetry of nature and
earned Cronin and Fitch the <a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUWMVM8Ty3-2Fe-2F20cBR6cMpTJ0QhCWCC5zpHfggermKK6jxdkwMtGBOLp2pom-2BbqhSxQ-3D-3D3f1s_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozC4LHbeeINfGLYJom2dOczjTT8jtcPzEPjuqqr7uEbUwUJ7-2F4QA7q-2FU7mox3TCggK0ZMGXK2YpHdPcEwgn3nbBNgqDN6dFkd5uyDwIl-2Bx4NTXC84oUO-2B78p5B6MQDxpJsOiYKaZ5quRnSh7x1yeqvEGEEpOjLluzNiPp1Iss-2BvZvKgAQg46lixX8qqJXW08lvNGJlHm8Pd9JwWjgEjhYrNcUwcy-2BiPHOyv-2FdT1s7-2BN4s-3D" data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUWMVM8Ty3-2Fe-2F20cBR6cMpTJ0QhCWCC5zpHfggermKK6jxdkwMtGBOLp2pom-2BbqhSxQ-3D-3D3f1s_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozC4LHbeeINfGLYJom2dOczjTT8jtcPzEPjuqqr7uEbUwUJ7-2F4QA7q-2FU7mox3TCggK0ZMGXK2YpHdPcEwgn3nbBNgqDN6dFkd5uyDwIl-2Bx4NTXC84oUO-2B78p5B6MQDxpJsOiYKaZ5quRnSh7x1yeqvEGEEpOjLluzNiPp1Iss-2BvZvKgAQg46lixX8qqJXW08lvNGJlHm8Pd9JwWjgEjhYrNcUwcy-2BiPHOyv-2FdT1s7-2BN4s-3D">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> in 1980. In
2001, the BaBar experiment in the US and the Belle experiment in Japan
confirmed the existence of CP violation in decays of beauty mesons,
particles with a beauty quark, solidifying our understanding of the
nature of this phenomenon. This achievement ignited intense research
efforts to further understand the mechanisms behind CP violation. In
2008, Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa received the <a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUWMVM8Ty3-2Fe-2F20cBR6cMpTJ0QhCWCC5zpHfggermKK6jEY4vHzSfUQzoTAvOcgKPnQ-3D-3Dxi62_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozC4LHbeeINfGLYJom2dOczjTT8jtcPzEPjuqqr7uEbUwUJ7-2F4QA7q-2FU7mox3TCggK0ZMGXK2YpHdPcEwgn3nbBEqp3enHHOkXooFpK7eMaYlaaHUAX7w20ux8xElFX28w4s-2Bhy7g3Pgv-2B-2B6B3Z-2F6XLawqBuRQGBjCx16x7bJMTRdkL7WvG30nn6NuDc1ynMW4I9eB2O8oe9P-2FPKmMWd8PIZMt8RIMqRLONZPAWMAceqs-3D" data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUWMVM8Ty3-2Fe-2F20cBR6cMpTJ0QhCWCC5zpHfggermKK6jEY4vHzSfUQzoTAvOcgKPnQ-3D-3Dxi62_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozC4LHbeeINfGLYJom2dOczjTT8jtcPzEPjuqqr7uEbUwUJ7-2F4QA7q-2FU7mox3TCggK0ZMGXK2YpHdPcEwgn3nbBEqp3enHHOkXooFpK7eMaYlaaHUAX7w20ux8xElFX28w4s-2Bhy7g3Pgv-2B-2B6B3Z-2F6XLawqBuRQGBjCx16x7bJMTRdkL7WvG30nn6NuDc1ynMW4I9eB2O8oe9P-2FPKmMWd8PIZMt8RIMqRLONZPAWMAceqs-3D">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> for their theoretical framework that elegantly explained the observed CP violation phenomena.It its latest studies, using the full dataset recorded by the LHCb detector during the second run of the <a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7XvS8KZZmPynhUVdb07SDKsdVxYxzSyIVWZb3PRLoJb72-2B-2FG4LjtqB66UcSweNZs-2Foo-3DhV6P_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozC4LHbeeINfGLYJom2dOczjTT8jtcPzEPjuqqr7uEbUwUJ7-2F4QA7q-2FU7mox3TCggK0ZMGXK2YpHdPcEwgn3nbBLE7X2XLJSr3ayJGXIqoxvLW6PP0a4dEA8ohmntkCZNhHPfHlchsvsuRRlsW5DsQP8CZWc4l3VzpDdEvotxcKrwK2Tdz90DdY-2BGnwbb-2FsxpxBO5SBvdmOWLilZcMWSZx88pxhQV5B72-2B-2Bfwy4kWImTI-3D" data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7XvS8KZZmPynhUVdb07SDKsdVxYxzSyIVWZb3PRLoJb72-2B-2FG4LjtqB66UcSweNZs-2Foo-3DhV6P_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozC4LHbeeINfGLYJom2dOczjTT8jtcPzEPjuqqr7uEbUwUJ7-2F4QA7q-2FU7mox3TCggK0ZMGXK2YpHdPcEwgn3nbBLE7X2XLJSr3ayJGXIqoxvLW6PP0a4dEA8ohmntkCZNhHPfHlchsvsuRRlsW5DsQP8CZWc4l3VzpDdEvotxcKrwK2Tdz90DdY-2BGnwbb-2FsxpxBO5SBvdmOWLilZcMWSZx88pxhQV5B72-2B-2Bfwy4kWImTI-3D">Large Hadron Collider</a>(LHC),
the LHCb collaboration set out to measure with high precision two
parameters that determine the amount of CP violation in decays of beauty
mesons. One parameter determines the amount of CP violation
in decays of neutral beauty mesons, which are made up of a bottom
antiquark and a down quark. This is the same parameter as that measured
by the BaBar and Belle experiments in 2001. The other parameter
determines the amount of CP violation in decays of strange beauty
mesons, which consist of a bottom antiquark and a strange quark.Specifically,
these parameters determine the extent of time-dependent CP violation.
This type of CP violation stems from the intriguing quantum interference
that occurs when a particle and its antiparticle undergo decay. The
particle has the ability to spontaneously transform into its
antiparticle and vice versa. As this oscillation takes place, the decays
of the particle and antiparticle interfere with each other, leading to a
distinctive pattern of CP violation that changes over time. In other
words, the amount of CP violation observed depends on the time the
particle lives before decaying. This fascinating phenomenon provides
physicists with key insights into the fundamental nature of particles
and their symmetries.For both parameters, the new LHCb results,
which are more precise than any equivalent result from a single
experiment, are in line with the values predicted by the Standard Model.“These
measurements are interpreted within our fundamental theory of particle
physics, the Standard Model, improving the precision with which we can
determine the difference between the behaviour of matter and
antimatter,” explains LHCb spokesperson Chris Parkes. “Through more
precise measurements, large improvements have been made in our
knowledge. These are key parameters that aid our search for unknown
effects from beyond our current theory.”Future data, from the third run of the LHC and the collider’s planned upgrade, the <a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7Xt20vqf3CncbMg9EUdZS-2BJBdWLTNVefroRll5e1wruwEouEr1-2BkFgKjHZabFUdCg7U-3Dj2sK_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozC4LHbeeINfGLYJom2dOczjTT8jtcPzEPjuqqr7uEbUwUJ7-2F4QA7q-2FU7mox3TCggK0ZMGXK2YpHdPcEwgn3nbBMmgjrRQB368MZ2vfYRCzq-2FKoiP60vEcybDvnPAtTizVuUvshdyvkMFziO1KRPVi-2BvM40Scfu157hmnA95-2FAuGIMgJu0755zpW-2Fp1JG7EvI-2FopHZBcsyCf8Iton965n4ZOdEJNQ71FakSM6zRofGWns-3D" data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUc8vWM9VEzHYccUazZJT7Xt20vqf3CncbMg9EUdZS-2BJBdWLTNVefroRll5e1wruwEouEr1-2BkFgKjHZabFUdCg7U-3Dj2sK_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozC4LHbeeINfGLYJom2dOczjTT8jtcPzEPjuqqr7uEbUwUJ7-2F4QA7q-2FU7mox3TCggK0ZMGXK2YpHdPcEwgn3nbBMmgjrRQB368MZ2vfYRCzq-2FKoiP60vEcybDvnPAtTizVuUvshdyvkMFziO1KRPVi-2BvM40Scfu157hmnA95-2FAuGIMgJu0755zpW-2Fp1JG7EvI-2FopHZBcsyCf8Iton965n4ZOdEJNQ71FakSM6zRofGWns-3D">High-Luminosity LHC</a>,
will further tighten the precision on these matter–antimatter asymmetry
parameters and perhaps point to new physics phenomena that could help
shed light on what is one of the Universe’s best-kept secrets.Find out more on LHCb's website: <a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATURfrzAjt4eM0fPfjVbu6euuzST7PEgpwFlJHtJxDWFYrlo4AnioyJaie3flI9bfoqLPgtOX2g6uSqHMW2M0NGfvDIpbOWm74NgYMy7e0UQewDmqAlX-2B4XT05QrgAoFE8mQ-3D-3D8haO_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozC4LHbeeINfGLYJom2dOczjTT8jtcPzEPjuqqr7uEbUwUJ7-2F4QA7q-2FU7mox3TCggK0ZMGXK2YpHdPcEwgn3nbBHqnn2vTE6E4c9YsKGBnOJUFM9146726m5PJF-2BcJgKoeGinReCx7f6zMrAbOBPEajqlMcEGmDHU0r8rn3aRD2SeazSKAh1BlMLwQN0ZIq9Mt8yjMbbDGRCAamJQX8C8-2FbbbuLXFaZTQyhWnzjODM3eU-3D" data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATURfrzAjt4eM0fPfjVbu6euuzST7PEgpwFlJHtJxDWFYrlo4AnioyJaie3flI9bfoqLPgtOX2g6uSqHMW2M0NGfvDIpbOWm74NgYMy7e0UQewDmqAlX-2B4XT05QrgAoFE8mQ-3D-3D8haO_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozC4LHbeeINfGLYJom2dOczjTT8jtcPzEPjuqqr7uEbUwUJ7-2F4QA7q-2FU7mox3TCggK0ZMGXK2YpHdPcEwgn3nbBHqnn2vTE6E4c9YsKGBnOJUFM9146726m5PJF-2BcJgKoeGinReCx7f6zMrAbOBPEajqlMcEGmDHU0r8rn3aRD2SeazSKAh1BlMLwQN0ZIq9Mt8yjMbbDGRCAamJQX8C8-2FbbbuLXFaZTQyhWnzjODM3eU-3D">precise measurement of the CP-violating phase φs</a> and <a href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATURfrzAjt4eM0fPfjVbu6euuzST7PEgpwFlJHtJxDWFYrlo4AnioyJaie3flI9bfoqLPgtOX2g6uSqHMW2M0NGfuxL5EQcjFH-2BYmtLcFHG-2F7NpqT7M7GME8PDs4daPa-2BVeRMSD-2BFeN4KnESuAeLngeeY-3Dlm4V_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozC4LHbeeINfGLYJom2dOczjTT8jtcPzEPjuqqr7uEbUwUJ7-2F4QA7q-2FU7mox3TCggK0ZMGXK2YpHdPcEwgn3nbBIHn5kXTCzSIxXd3mGT6rlmxe5iizCySXIFfk9IupFvt0qOlPLM2qbNqJiSmt6Qpe4-2F9Gy2P2ChfYatM8DyKneivwAxiuA94xSdISvi358eIBODwiYVsG3DGYFzVjBbYkWrF6YbAInW1-2BdfBpghcWiI-3D" data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATURfrzAjt4eM0fPfjVbu6euuzST7PEgpwFlJHtJxDWFYrlo4AnioyJaie3flI9bfoqLPgtOX2g6uSqHMW2M0NGfuxL5EQcjFH-2BYmtLcFHG-2F7NpqT7M7GME8PDs4daPa-2BVeRMSD-2BFeN4KnESuAeLngeeY-3Dlm4V_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozC4LHbeeINfGLYJom2dOczjTT8jtcPzEPjuqqr7uEbUwUJ7-2F4QA7q-2FU7mox3TCggK0ZMGXK2YpHdPcEwgn3nbBIHn5kXTCzSIxXd3mGT6rlmxe5iizCySXIFfk9IupFvt0qOlPLM2qbNqJiSmt6Qpe4-2F9Gy2P2ChfYatM8DyKneivwAxiuA94xSdISvi358eIBODwiYVsG3DGYFzVjBbYkWrF6YbAInW1-2BdfBpghcWiI-3D">precise measurement of the unitarity triangle angle β</a> ]]></description>
<category>News From Europe</category>
<pubDate>Thu, 15 Jun 2023 08:45:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>LHC experiments see first evidence of a rare Higgs boson decay</title>
<link>https://www.eps.org/news/642490/</link>
<guid>https://www.eps.org/news/642490/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[<img alt="Atlas cms art.png" src="https://eu.vocuspr.com/Publish/2960786/vcsPRAsset_2960786_97065_9e6b2401-6b0b-425e-8a08-dbb1f884fc30_0.png" style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;" width="600" height="309" /><em style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;" data-mce-style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-family: CenturyGothic; font-size: 12px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Candidate events fromATLAS (left) and CMS (right) for a Higgs boson decaying into a Z bosonand a photon,with the Z bosondecayinginto a pair of muons. (Image: CERN)The discovery of the Higgs boson at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider
(LHC) in 2012 marked a significant milestone in particle physics. Since
then, the ATLAS and CMS collaborations have been diligently
investigating the properties of this unique particle and searching to
establish the different ways in which it is produced and decays into
other particles.At the Large Hadron Collider Physics (LHCP)
conference this week, ATLAS and CMS report how they teamed up to find
the first evidence of the rare process in which the Higgs boson decays
into a Z boson, the electrically neutral carrier of the weak force, and a
photon, the carrier of the electromagnetic force. This Higgs boson
decay could provide indirect evidence of the existence of particles
beyond those predicted by the Standard Model of particle physics.The
decay of the Higgs boson into a Z boson and a photon is similar to that
of a decay into two photons. In these processes, the Higgs boson does
not decay directly into these pairs of particles. Instead, the decays
proceed via an intermediate "loop" of “virtual” particles that pop in
and out of existence and cannot be directly detected. These virtual
particles could include new, as yet undiscovered particles that interact
with the Higgs boson.The Standard Model predicts that, if the
Higgs boson has a mass of around 125 billion electronvolts,
approximately 0.15% of Higgs bosons will decay into a Z boson and a
photon. But some theories that extend the Standard Model predict a
different decay rate. Measuring the decay rate therefore provides
valuable insights into both physics beyond the Standard Model and the
nature of the Higgs boson.Previously, using data from
proton–proton collisions at the LHC, ATLAS and CMS independently
conducted extensive searches for the decay of the Higgs boson into a Z
boson and a photon. Both searches used similar strategies, identifying
the Z boson through its decays into pairs of electrons or muons –
heavier versions of electrons. These Z boson decays occur in about 6.6%
of the cases.In these searches, collision events associated with
this Higgs boson decay (the signal) would be identified as a narrow
peak, over a smooth background of events, in the distribution of the
combined mass of the decay products. To enhance the sensitivity to the
decay, ATLAS and CMS exploited the most frequent modes in which the
Higgs boson is produced and categorised events based on the
characteristics of these production processes. They also used advanced
machine-learning techniques to further distinguish between signal and
background events.In a new study, ATLAS and CMS have now joined
forces to maximise the outcome of their search. By combining the data
sets collected by both experiments during the second run of the LHC,
which took place between 2015 and 2018, the collaborations have
significantly increased the statistical precision and reach of their
searches.This collaborative effort resulted in the first evidence
of the Higgs boson decay into a Z boson and a photon. The result has a
statistical significance of 3.4 standard deviations, which is below the
conventional requirement of 5 standard deviations to claim an
observation. The measured signal rate is 1.9 <a data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUXc1jVaiM4SRbb3B-2BVyTKeHf7MaJSULqF41ytbs7Cw8ivu48sLyyUXGSa08cWWjj8g-3D-3D5dB__Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozIP9c8b85HEqRpIas2P-2Bqr9CnpLDdj0EIzXVFWC60H-2BgmLE-2B5jugLT3QrOdtjjV0d7tcd1MNc9drMb18SzV9JR9zp-2B4g5-2FplMHmOlGLVnrI0jnlpO6zJCjuwuUgUQtBQfDGP38T1Mp66vOUdikvdaMr1dtxijzrUVDiprTEvz9vO1OkcHL4cIFnziNCOSQIpx9-2FXZwlmf9hi5PDzSbCQFVwB2-2FInjYCFsDM8SD3Lo9H8-3D" href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUXc1jVaiM4SRbb3B-2BVyTKeHf7MaJSULqF41ytbs7Cw8ivu48sLyyUXGSa08cWWjj8g-3D-3D5dB__Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozIP9c8b85HEqRpIas2P-2Bqr9CnpLDdj0EIzXVFWC60H-2BgmLE-2B5jugLT3QrOdtjjV0d7tcd1MNc9drMb18SzV9JR9zp-2B4g5-2FplMHmOlGLVnrI0jnlpO6zJCjuwuUgUQtBQfDGP38T1Mp66vOUdikvdaMr1dtxijzrUVDiprTEvz9vO1OkcHL4cIFnziNCOSQIpx9-2FXZwlmf9hi5PDzSbCQFVwB2-2FInjYCFsDM8SD3Lo9H8-3D">standard deviations</a> above the Standard Model prediction.“Each
particle has a special relationship with the Higgs boson, making the
search for rare Higgs decays a high priority,” says ATLAS physics
coordinator Pamela Ferrari. "Through a meticulous combination of the
individual results of ATLAS and CMS, we have made a step forward towards
unravelling yet another riddle of the Higgs boson."“The
existence of new particles could have very significant effects on rare
Higgs decay modes,” says CMS physics coordinator Florencia Canelli.
“This study is a powerful test of the Standard Model. With the ongoing <a data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUbfeodTgU7iRVZxb1L7-2B8D8x7tfdAnM7Q19Urx081EPY-2BDyltB4i-2BXPdnNLL1cKKB2RiA5UNApkalRUojtp4RRuHfznkYf9F3XeIvSB3gCvvmjVwmmBpwYK2a2iWJvMyyA-3D-3D7WhR_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozIP9c8b85HEqRpIas2P-2Bqr9CnpLDdj0EIzXVFWC60H-2BgmLE-2B5jugLT3QrOdtjjV0d7tcd1MNc9drMb18SzV9JR-2F-2Bgt06W1pASWKKoRD4Uecg-2BCgTG3IUR14jmecZg04ogtAwji4tFTlaxe-2BhtOSkoQt1UZuc4yukYDgKjv4v2ja6P-2BGCNj8mXSblgNkEVmvDRc-2FcbDBxXrs5-2F3OJVtuW4V3xrTOXnqNNm2e2m8BMYcj8-3D" href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUbfeodTgU7iRVZxb1L7-2B8D8x7tfdAnM7Q19Urx081EPY-2BDyltB4i-2BXPdnNLL1cKKB2RiA5UNApkalRUojtp4RRuHfznkYf9F3XeIvSB3gCvvmjVwmmBpwYK2a2iWJvMyyA-3D-3D7WhR_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozIP9c8b85HEqRpIas2P-2Bqr9CnpLDdj0EIzXVFWC60H-2BgmLE-2B5jugLT3QrOdtjjV0d7tcd1MNc9drMb18SzV9JR-2F-2Bgt06W1pASWKKoRD4Uecg-2BCgTG3IUR14jmecZg04ogtAwji4tFTlaxe-2BhtOSkoQt1UZuc4yukYDgKjv4v2ja6P-2BGCNj8mXSblgNkEVmvDRc-2FcbDBxXrs5-2F3OJVtuW4V3xrTOXnqNNm2e2m8BMYcj8-3D">third run of the LHC</a> and the future <a data-mce-href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUbu54SGOJ2jHHD7Cp1OOp6wajqmrJV82xTzbNUdpev192nLb-2FGq1bavtctzOZQ2x2L0pJLKZunfezQqkSSSXcZ8-3DtQwp_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozIP9c8b85HEqRpIas2P-2Bqr9CnpLDdj0EIzXVFWC60H-2BgmLE-2B5jugLT3QrOdtjjV0d7tcd1MNc9drMb18SzV9JR-2B9EHeNHAMnVKqkp80y7SDLw0IwxFE56W4mlOtVdez0kRmbSnaDRhhFihsNbxUoE9Sq92E0ZOabTf01nyLrSWmngYrivTkc3lpFV2rFFL1cq79-2By84l1HfVGNRh06xq-2F3zPmwJ404MDycgABh7fYA9w-3D" href="https://u7061146.ct.sendgrid.net/ls/click?upn=4tNED-2FM8iDZJQyQ53jATUbu54SGOJ2jHHD7Cp1OOp6wajqmrJV82xTzbNUdpev192nLb-2FGq1bavtctzOZQ2x2L0pJLKZunfezQqkSSSXcZ8-3DtQwp_Lx56kaPCrju0d9CukUI9a7rxet-2Bg9c2ILiXtMiPLryWZ-2BqCeXYJPgpc8LS-2BySOpbzxAnYHB9uCz8ZQvNmkEvb-2BTTabOFSFSTW-2B5uEEnAaiF-2BDuCVj7AcnRkunROVnCozIP9c8b85HEqRpIas2P-2Bqr9CnpLDdj0EIzXVFWC60H-2BgmLE-2B5jugLT3QrOdtjjV0d7tcd1MNc9drMb18SzV9JR-2B9EHeNHAMnVKqkp80y7SDLw0IwxFE56W4mlOtVdez0kRmbSnaDRhhFihsNbxUoE9Sq92E0ZOabTf01nyLrSWmngYrivTkc3lpFV2rFFL1cq79-2By84l1HfVGNRh06xq-2F3zPmwJ404MDycgABh7fYA9w-3D">High-Luminosity LHC</a>, we will be able to improve the precision of this test and probe ever rarer Higgs decays.”]]></description>
<category>News From Europe</category>
<pubDate>Tue, 6 Jun 2023 14:29:00 GMT</pubDate>
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