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  1. <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4306388150004517256</id><updated>2024-08-30T22:53:01.668-07:00</updated><title type='text'>GENERAL KNOWLEDGE</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25'/><author><name>Anil</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03335276039831146351</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwulaeE6G438M3eWbwHZcVC-MMxoy1G9dtoyxXp3ih02LxDrFONyJtvejMyKPkE4GZbUNpBAXJ9wQgjhfTznfQ-LsYyzAkLrJWdbP3ADikS-nEWSZzZq8fdslavp2mrIk/s220/ATT896222.jpg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>44</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4306388150004517256.post-416236547069898595</id><published>2009-04-03T22:28:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-03T22:32:58.371-07:00</updated><title type='text'>1600–1699 (A.D.) World History</title><content type='html'>&lt;table style=&quot;width: 1px; height: 19px;&quot; class=&quot;toc&quot; align=&quot;left&quot; cellpadding=&quot;20&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!--BodyText--&gt;&lt;table id=&quot;A0005232&quot; class=&quot;graphseg&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;120&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td id=&quot;A0192300&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;A0192301&quot; src=&quot;http://www.infoplease.com/images/pocahonts.gif&quot; width=&quot;168&quot; height=&quot;193&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;caption&quot;&gt;Pocahontas&lt;br /&gt;(c. 1595–1617)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;source&quot;&gt;The Library of Congress Picture Collection&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;A0192136&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;A0192137&quot; src=&quot;http://www.infoplease.com/images/galileo.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Galileo Galilei&quot; width=&quot;180&quot; height=&quot;195&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;caption&quot;&gt;Galileo&lt;br /&gt;(1564–1642)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;A0760156&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;A0760157&quot; src=&quot;http://www.infoplease.com/images/keppler.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Johannes Keppler&quot; width=&quot;172&quot; height=&quot;208&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;caption&quot;&gt;Johannes Kepler&lt;br /&gt;(1571–1630)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;A0192138&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;A0192139&quot; src=&quot;http://www.infoplease.com/images/tajmahal.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;The Taj Mahal&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; height=&quot;150&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;caption&quot;&gt;Taj Mahal&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;source&quot;&gt;The Library of Congress Picture Collection&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;A0192140&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;A0192141&quot; src=&quot;http://www.infoplease.com/images/milton.gif&quot; width=&quot;180&quot; height=&quot;242&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;caption&quot;&gt;John Milton&lt;br /&gt;(1608–1674)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1600&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Giordano Bruno burned as a heretic. English East India Company established.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1603&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Ieyasu rules Japan, moves capital to Edo (Tokyo). Shakespeare&#39;s &lt;i&gt;Hamlet.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1605&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Cervantes&lt;/span&gt;&#39;s &lt;i&gt;Don Quixote de la Mancha,&lt;/i&gt; the first modern novel.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1607&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Jamestown, Virginia, established—first permanent English colony on American mainland. &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Pocahantas&lt;/span&gt;, daughter of Chief Powhatan, saves life of John Smith.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1609&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Samuel de Champlain establishes French colony of Quebec. The &lt;i&gt;Relation,&lt;/i&gt; the first newspaper, debuts in Germany.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1610&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Galileo&lt;/span&gt; sees the moons of Jupiter through his telescope.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1611&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Gustavus Adolphus elected King of Sweden. King James Version of the Bible published in England. Rubens paints his &lt;i&gt;Descent from the Cross.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1614&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;John Napier discovers logarithms.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1618&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Start of the &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Thirty Years war,&lt;/span&gt; Protestants revolt against Catholic oppression; Denmark, Sweden, and France will invade Germany in later phases of war. Kepler proposes last of three laws of planetary motion.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1619&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;A Dutch ship brings the first African slaves to British North America.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1620&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Pilgrims&lt;/span&gt;, after three-month voyage in &lt;i&gt;Mayflower,&lt;/i&gt; land at Plymouth Rock. Francis Bacon&#39;s &lt;i&gt;Novum Organum.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1623&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;New Netherland founded by Dutch West India Company.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1630&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Massachusetts Bay Colony.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1632&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Maryland founded by Lord Baltimore.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1633&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Inquisition forces Galileo (astronomer) to recant his belief in Copernican theory.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1642&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Englidsh Civil War.&lt;/span&gt; Cavaliers, supporters of Charles I, against Roundheads, parliamentary forces. Oliver Cromwell defeats Royalists &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1646).&lt;/span&gt; Parliament demands reforms. Charles I offers concessions, brought to trial &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1648),&lt;/span&gt; beheaded &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1649).&lt;/span&gt; Cromwell becomes Lord Protector &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1653).&lt;/span&gt; Rembrandt paints his &lt;i&gt;Night Watch.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1643&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Taj Mahal completed.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1644&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;End of Ming Dynasty in China—Manchus come to power. &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Descarte&lt;/span&gt;&#39;s &lt;i&gt;Principles of Philosophy.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1648&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;End of the Thirty Years&#39; War. German population about half of what it was in &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;1618&lt;/span&gt; because of war and pestilence.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1658&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Cromwell dies; son Richard resigns and Puritan government collapses.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1660&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;English Parliament calls for the restoration of the monarchy; invites Charles II to return from France.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1661&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Charles II is crowned King of England. Louis XIV begins personal rule as absolute monarch; starts to build Versailles.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1664&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;British take New Amsterdam from the Dutch. English limit “Nonconformity” with reestablished Anglican Church. Isaac Newton&#39;s experiments with gravity.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1665&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Great Plague in London kills 75,000.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1666&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Great Fire of London. Molière&#39;s &lt;i&gt;Misanthrope.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1667&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Milton&lt;/span&gt;&#39;s &lt;i&gt;Paradise Lost,&lt;/i&gt; widely considered the greatest epic poem in English.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1682&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Pennsylvania founded by &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;William Penn&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1683&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;War of European powers against the Turks (to &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;1699&lt;/span&gt;). Vienna withstands three-month Turkish siege; high point of Turkish advance in Europe.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1684&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz&#39;s calculus published.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1685&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;James II succeeds Charles II in England, calls for freedom of conscience &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1687).&lt;/span&gt; Protestants fear restoration of Catholicism and demand “Glorious Revolution.” William of Orange invited to England and James II escapes to France &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1688).&lt;/span&gt; William III and his wife, Mary, crowned. In France, Edict of Nantes of &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;1598,&lt;/span&gt; granting freedom of worship to Huguenots, is revoked by Louis XIV; thousands of Protestants flee.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1689&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Peter the Great&lt;/span&gt; becomes Czar of Russia—attempts to westernize nation and build Russia as a military power. Defeats Charles XII of Sweden at Poltava &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1709).&lt;/span&gt; Beginning of the &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;French and Indian wars&lt;/span&gt; (to &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;1763&lt;/span&gt;), campaigns in America linked to a series of wars between France and England for domination of Europe.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1690&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;William III of England defeats former king James II and Irish rebels at Battle of the Boyne in Ireland.&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;John Locke&lt;/span&gt;&#39;s &lt;i&gt;Human Understanding.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/feeds/416236547069898595/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/04/16001699-ad-world-history.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/416236547069898595'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/416236547069898595'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/04/16001699-ad-world-history.html' title='1600–1699 (A.D.) World History'/><author><name>Anil</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03335276039831146351</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwulaeE6G438M3eWbwHZcVC-MMxoy1G9dtoyxXp3ih02LxDrFONyJtvejMyKPkE4GZbUNpBAXJ9wQgjhfTznfQ-LsYyzAkLrJWdbP3ADikS-nEWSZzZq8fdslavp2mrIk/s220/ATT896222.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4306388150004517256.post-4645256203998029807</id><published>2009-04-03T20:58:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-03T21:05:18.288-07:00</updated><title type='text'>1500–1599 (A.D.) World History</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--BodyText--&gt;&lt;table id=&quot;A0005231&quot; class=&quot;graphseg&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;120&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td id=&quot;A0001222&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;A0192123&quot; src=&quot;http://www.infoplease.com/images/david.gif&quot; alt=&quot;David&quot; width=&quot;142&quot; height=&quot;229&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;caption&quot;&gt;Michelangelo&#39;s David&lt;br /&gt;(1504)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;source&quot;&gt;Tasha Vincent&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;A0001223&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;A0192126&quot; src=&quot;http://www.infoplease.com/images/m_luther.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Martin Luther&quot; width=&quot;180&quot; height=&quot;195&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;caption&quot;&gt;Martin Luther&lt;br /&gt;(1483–1546)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;A0760076&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;A0760077&quot; src=&quot;http://www.infoplease.com/images/henry8th.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Henry VIII&quot; width=&quot;172&quot; height=&quot;218&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;caption&quot;&gt;Henry VIII(1491–1547)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;A0192129&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;A0192130&quot; src=&quot;http://www.infoplease.com/images/que_eliz.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Queen Elizabeth I&quot; width=&quot;180&quot; height=&quot;195&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;caption&quot;&gt;Queen Elizabeth I&lt;br /&gt;(1533–1603)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;A0192131&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;A0192132&quot; src=&quot;http://www.infoplease.com/images/shakespr.gif&quot; alt=&quot;William Shakespeare&quot; width=&quot;180&quot; height=&quot;195&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;caption&quot;&gt;William Shakespeare&lt;br /&gt;(1564–1616)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;A0001224&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;A0192133&quot; src=&quot;http://www.infoplease.com/images/rembrndt.gif&quot; width=&quot;180&quot; height=&quot;195&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;caption&quot;&gt;Rembrandt van Rijn&lt;br /&gt;(1606–1669)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;A0192134&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;A0192135&quot; src=&quot;http://www.infoplease.com/images/demedici.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Catherine de Medici&quot; width=&quot;180&quot; height=&quot;195&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;caption&quot;&gt;Catherine de Medici&lt;br /&gt;(1519–1589)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1501&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;First black slaves in America brought to Spanish colony of Santo Domingo.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;c. 1503&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Leonardo da Vinci&lt;/span&gt; paints the &lt;i&gt;Mona Lisa.&lt;/i&gt; Michelangelo sculpts the &lt;i&gt;David&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1504)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1506&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;St. Peter&#39;s Church started in Rome; designed and decorated by such artists and architects as Bramante, Michelangelo, da Vinci, Raphael, and Bernini before its completion in &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;1626.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1509&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Henry VIII&lt;/span&gt; ascends English throne. Michelangelo paints the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1513&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Balboa becomes the first European to encounter the Pacific Ocean. Machiavelli writes &lt;i&gt;The Prince&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1517&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Turks conquer Egypt, control Arabia. &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Martin Luther&lt;/span&gt; posts his 95 theses denouncing church abuses on church door in Wittenberg—start of the &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Reformation&lt;/span&gt; in Germany. &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1519&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Ulrich Zwingli begins Reformation in Switzerland. Hernando Cortes conquers Mexico for Spain. Charles I of Spain is chosen Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan sets out to circumnavigate the globe.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1520&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Luther excommunicated by Pope Leo X. &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Suleiman I&lt;/span&gt; (“the Magnificent”) becomes Sultan of Turkey, invades Hungary &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1521),&lt;/span&gt; Rhodes &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1522),&lt;/span&gt; attacks Austria &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1529),&lt;/span&gt; annexes Hungary &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1541),&lt;/span&gt; Tripoli &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1551),&lt;/span&gt; makes peace with Persia &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1553),&lt;/span&gt; destroys Spanish fleet &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1560),&lt;/span&gt; dies &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1566).&lt;/span&gt; Magellan reaches the Pacific, is killed by Philippine natives &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1521).&lt;/span&gt; One of his ships under Juan Sebastián del Cano continues around the world, reaches Spain &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1522).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1524&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Verrazano, sailing under the French flag, explores the New England coast and New York Bay.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1527&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Troops of the Holy Roman Empire attack Rome, imprison Pope Clement VII—the end of the Italian Renaissance. Castiglione writes &lt;i&gt;The Courtier.&lt;/i&gt; The Medici family expelled from Florence.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1532&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Pizarro marches from Panama to Peru, kills the Inca chieftain, Atahualpa, of Peru &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1533).&lt;/span&gt; Machiavelli&#39;s &lt;i&gt;The Prince&lt;/i&gt; published posthumously.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1535&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Reformation begins as Henry VIII makes himself head of English Church after being excommunicated by Pope. &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Sir Thomas More&lt;/span&gt; executed as traitor for refusal to acknowledge king&#39;s religious authority. Jacques Cartier sails up the St. Lawrence River, basis of French claims to Canada.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1536&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Henry VIII executes second wife, Anne Boleyn. John Calvin establishes Reformed and Presbyterian form of Protestantism in Switzerland, writes &lt;i&gt;Institutes of the Christian Religion.&lt;/i&gt; Danish and Norwegian Reformations. Michelangelo&#39;s &lt;i&gt;Last Judgment.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1541&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;John Knox leads Reformation in Scotland, establishes Presbyterian church there &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1560).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1543&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Publication of &lt;i&gt;On the Revolution of Heavenly Bodies&lt;/i&gt; by Polish scholar Nicolaus Copernicus—giving his theory that the earth revolves around the sun.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1545&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Council of Trent to meet intermittently until &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;1563&lt;/span&gt; to define Catholic dogma and doctrine, reiterate papal authority.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1547&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Ivan IV&lt;/span&gt; (“the Terrible”) crowned as czar of Russia, begins conquest of Astrakhan and Kazan &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1552),&lt;/span&gt; battles nobles (boyars) for power &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1564),&lt;/span&gt; kills his son &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1580),&lt;/span&gt; dies, and is succeeded by his weak and feeble-minded son, Fyodor I.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1553&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Roman Catholicism restored in England by Queen Mary I.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1556&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Akbar the Great becomes Mogul emperor of India, conquers Afghanistan &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1581),&lt;/span&gt; continues wars of conquest (until &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;1605&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1558&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Queen &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;ElizabethI&lt;/span&gt;ascends the throne (rules to &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;1603&lt;/span&gt;). Restores Protestantism, establishes state Church of England (Anglicanism). Renaissance will reach height in England—&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Shakesspere&lt;/span&gt;, Marlowe, Spenser.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1561&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Persecution of Hugentos&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd&gt; in France stopped by Edict of Orleans. French religious wars begin again with massacre of Huguenots at Vassy. St. Bartholomew&#39;s Day Massacre—thousands of Huguenots murdered &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1572).&lt;/span&gt; Amnesty granted &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1573).&lt;/span&gt; Persecution continues periodically until Edict of Nantes &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1598)&lt;/span&gt; gives Huguenots religious freedom (until &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;1685&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1568&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Protestant Netherlands revolts against Catholic Spain; independence will be acknowledged by Spain in &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;1648.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1570&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Japan permits visits of foreign ships. Queen Elizabeth I excommunicated by Pope. Turks attack Cyprus and war on Venice. Turkish fleet defeated at Battle of Lepanto by Spanish and Italian fleets &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1571).&lt;/span&gt; Peace of Constantinople &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1572)&lt;/span&gt; ends Turkish attacks on Europe.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1580&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Francis Drake returns to England after circumnavigating the globe; knighted by Queen Elizabeth I &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1581).&lt;/span&gt; Montaigne&#39;s &lt;i&gt;Essays&lt;/i&gt; published.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1582&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Calander&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1583&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;William of Orange rules the Netherlands; assassinated on orders of Philip II of Spain &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1584).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1587&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Mary,Queen of Scotts&lt;/span&gt;, executed for treason by order of Queen Elizabeth I. Monteverdi&#39;s &lt;i&gt;First Book of Madrigals.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1588&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Defeat of the Spanish Armada by English. Henry, King of Navarre and Protestant leader, recognized as Henry IV, first Bourbon king of France. Converts to Roman Catholicism in &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;1593&lt;/span&gt; in attempt to end religious wars.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1590&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Henry IV enters Paris, wars on Spain &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1595),&lt;/span&gt; marries Marie de Medici &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1600),&lt;/span&gt; assassinated &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1610).&lt;/span&gt; Spenser&#39;s &lt;i&gt;The Faerie Queen.&lt;/i&gt; El Greco&#39;s &lt;i&gt;St. Jerome.&lt;/i&gt; Galileo&#39;s experiments with falling objects.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1598&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Boris Godunov becomes Russian czar. Tycho Brahe describes his astronomical experiments.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/feeds/4645256203998029807/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/04/15001599-ad-world-history.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/4645256203998029807'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/4645256203998029807'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/04/15001599-ad-world-history.html' title='1500–1599 (A.D.) World History'/><author><name>Anil</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03335276039831146351</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwulaeE6G438M3eWbwHZcVC-MMxoy1G9dtoyxXp3ih02LxDrFONyJtvejMyKPkE4GZbUNpBAXJ9wQgjhfTznfQ-LsYyzAkLrJWdbP3ADikS-nEWSZzZq8fdslavp2mrIk/s220/ATT896222.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4306388150004517256.post-5075339520411345889</id><published>2009-04-03T20:55:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-03T20:57:57.169-07:00</updated><title type='text'>1400–1499 (A.D.) World History</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--BodyText--&gt;&lt;table id=&quot;A0005230&quot; class=&quot;graphseg&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;120&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td id=&quot;A0192121&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;A0192122&quot; src=&quot;http://www.infoplease.com/images/duomo1.gif&quot; alt=&quot;The Duomo&quot; width=&quot;172&quot; height=&quot;227&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;caption&quot;&gt;The Duomo in&lt;br /&gt;Florence&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;source&quot;&gt;Linda J. Barnes&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;A0001219&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;A0192120&quot; src=&quot;http://www.infoplease.com/images/joan_arc.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Joan of Arc&quot; width=&quot;180&quot; height=&quot;195&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;caption&quot;&gt;Joan of Arc&lt;br /&gt;(1412–1431)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1407&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Casa di San Giorgio, one of the first public banks, founded in Genoa.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1415&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Henry V defeats French at Agincourt. Jan Hus, Bohemian preacher and follower of Wycliffe, burned at stake in Constance as heretic.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;1418–1460&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Portugal&#39;s Prince &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Henry the Navigator &lt;/span&gt;sponsors exploration of Africa&#39;s coast. &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1420&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Brunelleschi begins work on the Duomo in Florence.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1428&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Joan of arc&lt;/span&gt; leads French against English, captured by Burgundians &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1430)&lt;/span&gt; and turned over to the English, burned at the stake as a witch after ecclesiastical trial &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1431).&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1438&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Incas&lt;/span&gt; rule in Peru.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1450&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Florence becomes center of Renaissance arts and learning under the &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Medicis&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1453&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Turks conquer Constantinople, end of the &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Byzantine Empire&lt;/span&gt;, beginning of the &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Ottoman Empire&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1455&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;The Wars of the Roses, civil wars between rival noble factions, begin in England (to &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;1485&lt;/span&gt;). Having invented printing with movable type at Mainz, Germany, Johann Gutenberg completes first Bible.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1462&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Ivan the Great rules Russia until &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;1505&lt;/span&gt; as first czar; ends payment of tribute to Mongols.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1492&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Moors conquered in Spain by troops of Ferdinand and Isabella. &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Columbus&lt;/span&gt; becomes first European to encounter Caribbean islands, returns to Spain &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1493).&lt;/span&gt; Second voyage to Dominica, Jamaica, Puerto Rico &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1493–1496).&lt;/span&gt; Third voyage to Orinoco &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1498).&lt;/span&gt; Fourth voyage to Honduras and Panama &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1502–1504).&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1497&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Vasco da Gama sails around Africa and discovers sea route to India &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1498).&lt;/span&gt; Establishes Portuguese colony in India &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1502).&lt;/span&gt; John Cabot, employed by England, reaches and explores Canadian coast. &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Michelangilo&lt;/span&gt;&#39;s &lt;i&gt;Bacchus&lt;/i&gt; sculpture.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/feeds/5075339520411345889/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/04/14001499-ad-world-history.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/5075339520411345889'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/5075339520411345889'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/04/14001499-ad-world-history.html' title='1400–1499 (A.D.) World History'/><author><name>Anil</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03335276039831146351</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwulaeE6G438M3eWbwHZcVC-MMxoy1G9dtoyxXp3ih02LxDrFONyJtvejMyKPkE4GZbUNpBAXJ9wQgjhfTznfQ-LsYyzAkLrJWdbP3ADikS-nEWSZzZq8fdslavp2mrIk/s220/ATT896222.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4306388150004517256.post-6541731421326707912</id><published>2009-04-03T20:53:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-03T20:55:01.795-07:00</updated><title type='text'>1300–1399 (A.D.) World History</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--BodyText--&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;A0005229&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!--BodyText--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;1312–1337&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Mali Empire reaches its height in Africa under King Mansa Musa.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;c. 1325&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;The beginning of the &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Renaissence &lt;/span&gt; in Italy: writers Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio; painter Giotto. Development of &lt;i&gt;Noh&lt;/i&gt; drama in Japan. &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Aztecs&lt;/span&gt; establish Tenochtitlán on site of modern Mexico City. Peak of Muslim culture in Spain. Small cannon in use.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;1337–1453&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Hundred Years&#39; War—English and French kings fight for control of France.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;1347–1351&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;At least 25 million people die in Europe&#39;s “Black Death” (bubonic plague).&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1368&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Ming&lt;/span&gt; Dynasty begins in China.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;1376–1382&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;John Wycliffe, pre-Reformation religious reformer, and followers translate Latin Bible into English. &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1378&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;The Great Schism (to &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;1417&lt;/span&gt;)—rival popes in Rome and Avignon, France, fight for control of Roman Catholic Church.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;c. 1387&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Chaucer&#39;s &lt;i&gt;Canterbury Tales.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1398&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Tamerlane, the Mongol conqueror, begins last great conquest—Delhi.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/feeds/6541731421326707912/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/04/13001399-ad-world-history.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/6541731421326707912'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/6541731421326707912'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/04/13001399-ad-world-history.html' title='1300–1399 (A.D.) World History'/><author><name>Anil</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03335276039831146351</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwulaeE6G438M3eWbwHZcVC-MMxoy1G9dtoyxXp3ih02LxDrFONyJtvejMyKPkE4GZbUNpBAXJ9wQgjhfTznfQ-LsYyzAkLrJWdbP3ADikS-nEWSZzZq8fdslavp2mrIk/s220/ATT896222.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4306388150004517256.post-4227486320923158257</id><published>2009-04-03T20:50:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-03T20:53:25.889-07:00</updated><title type='text'>1200–1299 (A.D.) World History</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--BodyText--&gt;&lt;table style=&quot;width: 44px; height: 22px;&quot; class=&quot;toc&quot; align=&quot;left&quot; cellpadding=&quot;20&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table id=&quot;A0005228&quot; class=&quot;graphseg&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;120&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td id=&quot;A0192118&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;A0192119&quot; src=&quot;http://www.infoplease.com/images/kingjohn.gif&quot; alt=&quot;King John&quot; width=&quot;180&quot; height=&quot;195&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;caption&quot;&gt;King John&lt;br /&gt;(1167–1216)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;A0192298&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;A0192299&quot; src=&quot;http://www.infoplease.com/images/tom_aqns.gif&quot; width=&quot;180&quot; height=&quot;206&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;caption&quot;&gt;Thomas Aquinas&lt;br /&gt;(1225–1274)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1200–1204&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Fourth Crusade.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1211&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Genghis Khan invades China, captures Peking &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1214),&lt;/span&gt; conquers Persia &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1218),&lt;/span&gt; invades Russia &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1223),&lt;/span&gt; dies &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1227)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1212&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Children&#39;s Crusade.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1215&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;King John forced by barons to sign at Runneymede, limiting royal power.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1217&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Fifth Crusade.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1228&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Sixth Crusade.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1231&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;The &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Inquisition&lt;/span&gt; begins as Pope Gregory IX assigns Dominicans responsibility for combating heresy. Torture used &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1252).&lt;/span&gt; Ferdinand and Isabella establish Spanish Inquisition &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1478).&lt;/span&gt; Tourquemada, Grand Inquisitor, forces conversion or expulsion of Spanish Jews &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1492).&lt;/span&gt; Forced conversion of Moors &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1499).&lt;/span&gt; Inquisition in Portugal &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1531).&lt;/span&gt; First Protestants burned at the stake in Spain &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1543).&lt;/span&gt; Spanish Inquisition abolished &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1834).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1241&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Mongols defeat Germans in Silesia, invade Poland and Hungary, withdraw from Europe after Ughetai, Mongol leader, dies.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1248&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Seventh Crusade.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1251&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Kublai Khan governs China, becomes ruler of &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Mangols &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1259),&lt;/span&gt; establishes Yuan dynasty in China &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1280),&lt;/span&gt; invades Burma &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1287),&lt;/span&gt; dies &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1294).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1260&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Chartres cathedral consecrated.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1270&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Eighth Crusade.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1271&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Marco Polo &lt;/span&gt; of Venice travels to China, in court of Kublai Khan &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1275–1292),&lt;/span&gt; returns to Genoa &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1295)&lt;/span&gt; and writes &lt;i&gt;Travels.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1273&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Thomas Aquinas &lt;/span&gt; stops work on &lt;i&gt;Summa Theologica,&lt;/i&gt; the basis of all Catholic theological teaching; never completes it.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1295&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;English King Edward I summons the Model Parliament.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/feeds/4227486320923158257/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/04/12001299-ad-world-history.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/4227486320923158257'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/4227486320923158257'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/04/12001299-ad-world-history.html' title='1200–1299 (A.D.) World History'/><author><name>Anil</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03335276039831146351</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwulaeE6G438M3eWbwHZcVC-MMxoy1G9dtoyxXp3ih02LxDrFONyJtvejMyKPkE4GZbUNpBAXJ9wQgjhfTznfQ-LsYyzAkLrJWdbP3ADikS-nEWSZzZq8fdslavp2mrIk/s220/ATT896222.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4306388150004517256.post-2834689630632790975</id><published>2009-04-03T11:38:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-03T11:40:25.042-07:00</updated><title type='text'>1100–1199 (A.D.) World History</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--BodyText--&gt;&lt;table id=&quot;A0005227&quot; class=&quot;graphseg&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;120&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td id=&quot;A0192765&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;A0192766&quot; src=&quot;http://www.infoplease.com/images/chartres.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Chartres Cathedral&quot; width=&quot;172&quot; height=&quot;224&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;caption&quot;&gt;Chartres Cathedral&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;source&quot;&gt;Tasha Vincent&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1100–1300&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Construction of Cathedral at Chartres, France.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1144&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Second Crusade begins.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;c. 1150&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Angkor Wat&lt;/span&gt; is completed.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;1150–1167&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Universities of Paris and Oxford founded in France and England.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1162&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Thomas Backet&lt;/span&gt; named Archbishop of Canterbury, murdered by Henry II&#39;s men &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1170).&lt;/span&gt; Troubadours (wandering minstrels) glorify romantic concepts of feudalism.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1169&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Ibn-Rushd begins translating Aristotle&#39;s works.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1189&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Richard I (“the Lionhearted”) succeeds Henry II in England, killed in France &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1199),&lt;/span&gt; succeeded by King John. Third Crusade.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/feeds/2834689630632790975/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/04/11001199-ad-world-history.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/2834689630632790975'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/2834689630632790975'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/04/11001199-ad-world-history.html' title='1100–1199 (A.D.) World History'/><author><name>Anil</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03335276039831146351</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwulaeE6G438M3eWbwHZcVC-MMxoy1G9dtoyxXp3ih02LxDrFONyJtvejMyKPkE4GZbUNpBAXJ9wQgjhfTznfQ-LsYyzAkLrJWdbP3ADikS-nEWSZzZq8fdslavp2mrIk/s220/ATT896222.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4306388150004517256.post-2495570766831667730</id><published>2009-04-01T09:47:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-01T09:50:31.719-07:00</updated><title type='text'>1000–1099 (A.D.) World History</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--BodyText--&gt;&lt;table id=&quot;A0005226&quot; class=&quot;graphseg&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;120&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td id=&quot;A0192761&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;A0192762&quot; src=&quot;http://www.infoplease.com/images/mesaverd.gif&quot; width=&quot;180&quot; height=&quot;195&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;caption&quot;&gt;Mesa VerdeCliff Dwellings(c. 1000–1300)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;source&quot;&gt;Pete Maio&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;A0192763&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;A0192764&quot; src=&quot;http://www.infoplease.com/images/pisa.gif&quot; alt=&quot;leaning tower of Pisa&quot; width=&quot;180&quot; height=&quot;303&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;caption&quot;&gt;Cathedral and Tower at Pisa&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;source&quot;&gt;Tasha Vincent&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;c. 1000–1300&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Classic &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Pueblo &lt;/span&gt;period of Anasazi culture; cliff dwellings.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;c. 1000&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Hungary and Scandinavia converted to Christianity. Viking raider Leif Eriksson discovers North America, calls it Vinland. &lt;i&gt;Beowulf,&lt;/i&gt; Old English epic.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;c. 1008&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Murasaki Shikibu finishes &lt;i&gt;The Tale of Genji,&lt;/i&gt; the world&#39;s first novel.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1009&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Muslims destroy Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1013&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Danes control England. &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Canute &lt;/span&gt;takes throne &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1016),&lt;/span&gt; conquers Norway &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1028),&lt;/span&gt; dies &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1035);&lt;/span&gt; kingdom divided among his sons: Harold Harefoot (England), Sweyn (Norway), Hardecanute (Denmark).&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1040&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Macbeth murders Duncan, king of Scotland.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1053&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Robert Guiscard, Norman invader, establishes kingdom in Italy, conquers Sicily &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1072).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1054&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Final separation between Eastern (Orthodox) and Western (Roman) churches.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1055&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Seljuk Turks, Asian nomads, move west, capture Baghdad, Armenia &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1064),&lt;/span&gt; Syria, and Palestine &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(1075).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1066&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;William of Normandy invades England, defeats last Saxon king, Harold II, at Battle of Hastings, crowned &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;William-I&lt;/span&gt; of England (“the Conqueror”).&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1068&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Construction on the cathedral in Pisa, Italy, begins.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1073&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Emergence of strong papacy when Gregory VII is elected. Conflict with English and French kings and German emperors will continue throughout medieval period.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1095&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;At Council of Clermont, Pope Urban II calls for a holy war to wrest control of Jerusalem from Muslims, which launches the First Crusade (1096), one of at least 8 European military campaigns between 1095 and 1291 to regain the Holy Land. (For detailed chronology.)&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/feeds/2495570766831667730/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/04/10001099-ad-world-history.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/2495570766831667730'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/2495570766831667730'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/04/10001099-ad-world-history.html' title='1000–1099 (A.D.) World History'/><author><name>Anil</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03335276039831146351</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwulaeE6G438M3eWbwHZcVC-MMxoy1G9dtoyxXp3ih02LxDrFONyJtvejMyKPkE4GZbUNpBAXJ9wQgjhfTznfQ-LsYyzAkLrJWdbP3ADikS-nEWSZzZq8fdslavp2mrIk/s220/ATT896222.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4306388150004517256.post-4157181740290848908</id><published>2009-04-01T09:45:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-01T09:46:47.748-07:00</updated><title type='text'>1–999 (A.D.) World History</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--BodyText--&gt;&lt;!--BodyText--&gt;&lt;table id=&quot;A0005225&quot; class=&quot;graphseg&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;120&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td id=&quot;A0759976&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;A0759977&quot; src=&quot;http://www.infoplease.com/images/aqueduct.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Roman Aqueduct&quot; width=&quot;172&quot; height=&quot;163&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;caption&quot;&gt;Roman AqueductMontpellier, France&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;source&quot;&gt;Tina Diodati&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;A0760065&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;A0760064&quot; src=&quot;http://www.infoplease.com/images/christ.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Christ&quot; width=&quot;172&quot; height=&quot;203&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;caption&quot;&gt;Christ&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;A0192353&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;A0192354&quot; src=&quot;http://www.infoplease.com/images/cross.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Celtic Cross&quot; width=&quot;166&quot; height=&quot;234&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;caption&quot;&gt;Celtic Cross&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;source&quot;&gt;Renée Scott&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;A0759978&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;A0759979&quot; src=&quot;http://www.infoplease.com/images/pyramid3.gif&quot; width=&quot;180&quot; height=&quot;127&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;caption&quot;&gt;Mayan Pyramid at&lt;br /&gt;Chichén Itzá&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;source&quot;&gt;Renée Scott&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;A0192759&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;A0192760&quot; src=&quot;http://www.infoplease.com/images/pagoda2.gif&quot; width=&quot;180&quot; height=&quot;239&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;caption&quot;&gt;Japanese Pagoda&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;source&quot;&gt;Erik Hjortshoj&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;A0001210&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;A0192116&quot; src=&quot;http://www.infoplease.com/images/vikings.gif&quot; width=&quot;180&quot; height=&quot;275&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;caption&quot;&gt;Viking Ship (c. 900)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;1–49&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Birth of Jesus Christ (variously given from &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;4 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt; to &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 7).&lt;/span&gt; After Augustus, Tiberius becomes emperor (dies, &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 37&lt;/span&gt;), succeeded by Caligula (assassinated, &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 41&lt;/span&gt;), who is followed by Claudius. Crucifixion of Jesus (probably &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 30&lt;/span&gt;). Han dynasty in China founded by Emperor Kuang Wu Ti. Buddhism introduced to China.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;50–99&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Claudius poisoned &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 54),&lt;/span&gt; succeeded by Nero (commits suicide, &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 68&lt;/span&gt;). Missionary journeys of Paul the Apostle &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 34–60).&lt;/span&gt; Jews revolt against Rome; Jerusalem destroyed &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 70).&lt;/span&gt; Roman persecutions of Christians begin &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 64).&lt;/span&gt; Colosseum built in Rome &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 71–80).&lt;/span&gt; Trajan (rules &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 98–116&lt;/span&gt;); Roman empire extends to Mesopotamia, Arabia, Balkans. First Gospels of St. Mark, St. John, St. Matthew.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;100–149&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Hadrian rules Rome &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 117–138);&lt;/span&gt; codifies Roman law, rebuilds Pantheon, establishes postal system, builds wall between England and Scotland. Jews revolt under Bar Kokhba &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 122–135);&lt;/span&gt; final Diaspora (dispersion) of Jews begins.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;150–199&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Marcus Aurelius rules Rome &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 161–180&lt;/span&gt;). Oldest Mayan temples in Central America &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(c. &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 200).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;200–249&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Goths invade Asia Minor &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(c. &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 220).&lt;/span&gt; Roman persecutions of Christians increase. Persian (Sassanid) empire re-established. End of Chinese Han dynasty.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;250–299&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Increasing invasions of the Roman empire by Franks and Goths. Buddhism spreads in China.  Classic period of Mayan civilization (&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 250–900); develop hieroglyphic writing, advances in art, architecture, science.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;300–349&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Constantine the Great (rules &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 312–337&lt;/span&gt;) reunites eastern and western Roman empires, with new capital (Constantinople) on site of Byzantium &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 330);&lt;/span&gt; issues Edict of Milan legalizing Christianity &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 313);&lt;/span&gt; becomes a Christian on his deathbed &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 337).&lt;/span&gt; Council of Nicaea &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 325)&lt;/span&gt; defines orthodox Christian doctrine. First Gupta dynasty in India &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(c. &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 320).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;350–399&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Huns (Mongols) invade Europe &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(c. &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 360).&lt;/span&gt; Theodosius the Great (rules &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 392–395&lt;/span&gt;)—last emperor of a united Roman empire. Roman empire permanently divided in &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 395:&lt;/span&gt; western empire ruled from Rome; eastern empire ruled from Constantinople.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;400–449&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Western Roman empire disintegrates under weak emperors. Alaric, king of the Visigoths, sacks Rome &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 410).&lt;/span&gt; Attila, Hun chieftain, attacks Roman provinces &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 433).&lt;/span&gt; St. Patrick returns to Ireland &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 432) and brings Christianity to the island.&lt;/span&gt; St. Augustine&#39;s &lt;i&gt;City of God&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 411).&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;450–499&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Vandals destroy Rome &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 455).&lt;/span&gt; Western Roman empire ends as Odoacer, German chieftain, overthrows last Roman emperor, Romulus Augustulus, and becomes king of Italy &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 476).&lt;/span&gt; Ostrogothic kingdom of Italy established by Theodoric the Great &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 493).&lt;/span&gt; Clovis, ruler of the Franks, is converted to Christianity &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 496).&lt;/span&gt; First schism between western and eastern churches &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 484).&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;500–549&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Eastern and western churches reconciled &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(519).&lt;/span&gt; Justinian I, the Great &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(483–565),&lt;/span&gt; becomes Byzantine emperor &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(527),&lt;/span&gt; issues his first code of civil laws &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(529),&lt;/span&gt; conquers North Africa, Italy, and part of Spain. Plague spreads through Europe (&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;542&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i&gt;et seq.&lt;/i&gt;). Arthur, semi-legendary king of the Britons (killed, &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;c. 537&lt;/span&gt;). Boëthius, Roman scholar (executed, &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;524&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;550–599&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Beginnings of European silk industry after Justinian&#39;s missionaries smuggle silkworms out of China &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(553).&lt;/span&gt; Mohammed, founder of Islam &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(570–632).&lt;/span&gt; Buddhism in Japan &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(c. 560).&lt;/span&gt; St. Augustine of Canterbury brings Christianity to Britain &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(597).&lt;/span&gt; After killing about half the population, plague in Europe subsides &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(594).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;600–649&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Mohammed flees from Mecca to Medina (the &lt;i&gt;Hegira&lt;/i&gt;); first year of the Muslim calendar &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(622).&lt;/span&gt; Muslim empire grows &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(634).&lt;/span&gt; Arabs conquer Jerusalem &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(637),&lt;/span&gt; conquer Persians &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(641).&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;650–699&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Arabs attack North Africa &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(670),&lt;/span&gt; destroy Carthage &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(697).&lt;/span&gt; Venerable Bede, English monk &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(672–735).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;700–749&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Arab empire extends from Lisbon to China (by &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;716&lt;/span&gt;). Charles Martel, Frankish leader, defeats Arabs at Tours/Poitiers, halting Arab advance in Europe &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(732).&lt;/span&gt; Charlemagne &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(742–814).&lt;/span&gt; Introduction of pagodas in Japan from China.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;750–799&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Charlemagne becomes king of the Franks &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(771).&lt;/span&gt; Caliph Harun al-Rashid rules Arab empire &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(786–809):&lt;/span&gt; the “golden age” of Arab culture. Vikings begin attacks on Britain &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(790),&lt;/span&gt; land in Ireland &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(795).&lt;/span&gt; City of Machu Picchu flourishes in Peru.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;800–849&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Charlemagne crowned first Holy Roman Emperor in Rome &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(800).&lt;/span&gt; Charlemagne dies &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(814),&lt;/span&gt; succeeded by his son, Louis the Pious, who divides France among his sons &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(817).&lt;/span&gt; Arabs conquer Crete, Sicily, and Sardinia &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(826–827).&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;850–899&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Norsemen attack as far south as the Mediterranean but are thwarted &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(859),&lt;/span&gt; discover Iceland &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(861).&lt;/span&gt; Alfred the Great becomes king of Britain &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(871),&lt;/span&gt; defeats Danish invaders &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(878).&lt;/span&gt; Russian nation founded by Vikings under Prince Rurik, establishing capital at Novgorod &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(855–879).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;900–949&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Beginning of Mayan Post-Classical period (900–1519). Vikings discover Greenland &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(c. 900).&lt;/span&gt; Arab Spain under Abd ar-Rahman III becomes center of learning &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(912–961).&lt;/span&gt; Otto I becomes King of Germany (936).&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;950–999&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Mieczyslaw I becomes first ruler of Poland &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(960).&lt;/span&gt; Eric the Red establishes first Viking colony in Greenland &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(982).&lt;/span&gt; Hugh Capet elected King of France in &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;987;&lt;/span&gt; Capetian dynasty to rule until &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;1328.&lt;/span&gt; Musical notation systematized &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(c. 990).&lt;/span&gt; Vikings and Danes attack Britain &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(988–999).&lt;/span&gt; Otto I crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope John XII &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(962).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/feeds/4157181740290848908/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/04/1999-ad-world-history.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/4157181740290848908'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/4157181740290848908'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/04/1999-ad-world-history.html' title='1–999 (A.D.) World History'/><author><name>Anil</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03335276039831146351</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwulaeE6G438M3eWbwHZcVC-MMxoy1G9dtoyxXp3ih02LxDrFONyJtvejMyKPkE4GZbUNpBAXJ9wQgjhfTznfQ-LsYyzAkLrJWdbP3ADikS-nEWSZzZq8fdslavp2mrIk/s220/ATT896222.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4306388150004517256.post-2814153827807289672</id><published>2009-04-01T09:41:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-01T09:42:34.293-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Ancient History</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;4.5 billion &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Planet Earth formed.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;3 billion &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;First signs of primeval life (bacteria and blue-green algae) appear in oceans.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;600 million &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Earliest date to which fossils can be traced. &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;4.4 million &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Earliest known hominid fossils (&lt;i&gt;Ardipithecus ramidus&lt;/i&gt;) found in Aramis, Ethiopia, 1994.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;4.2 million &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;i&gt;Australopithecus anamensis&lt;/i&gt; found in Lake Turkana, Kenya, 1995.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;3.2 million &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;i&gt;Australopithecus afarenis&lt;/i&gt; (nicknamed “Lucy”) found in Ethiopia, 1974.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;2.5 million &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;i&gt;Homo habilis&lt;/i&gt; (“Skillful Man”). First brain expansion; is believed to have used stone tools.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1.8 million &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;i&gt;Homo erectus&lt;/i&gt; (“Upright Man”). Brain size twice that of &lt;i&gt;Australopithecine&lt;/i&gt; species.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1.7 million &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;i&gt;Homo erectus&lt;/i&gt; leaves Africa.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;100,000 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;First modern &lt;i&gt;Homo sapiens&lt;/i&gt; in South Africa.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;70,000 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Neanderthal man (use of fire and advanced tools).&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;35,000 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Neanderthal man replaced by later groups of &lt;i&gt;Homo sapiens&lt;/i&gt; (i.e., Cro-Magnon man, etc.).&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;18,000 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Cro-Magnons replaced by later cultures.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;15,000 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Migrations across Bering Straits into the Americas.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;10,000 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Semi-permanent agricultural settlements in Old World.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;10,000–4,000 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Development of settlements into cities and development of skills such as the wheel, pottery, and improved methods of cultivation in Mesopotamia and elsewhere.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;5500–3000 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Predynastic Egyptian cultures develop &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(5500–3100 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;);&lt;/span&gt; begin using agriculture &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(c. 5000 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;. Earliest known civilization arises in Sumer &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(4500–4000 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Earliest recorded date in Egyptian calendar &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(4241 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; First year of Jewish calendar &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(3760 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; First phonetic writing appears &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(c. 3500 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Sumerians develop a city-state civilization &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(c. 3000 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Copper used by Egyptians and Sumerians. Western Europe is neolithic, without metals or written records.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;3000–2000 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Pharaonic rule begins in Egypt. King Khufu (Cheops), 4th dynasty &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(2700–2675 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;),&lt;/span&gt; completes construction of the Great Pyramid at Giza (c. 2680 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;). The Great Sphinx of Giza (c. 2540 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;) is built by King Khafre. Earliest Egyptian mummies. Papyrus. Phoenician settlements on coast of what is now Syria and Lebanon. Semitic tribes settle in Assyria. Sargon, first Akkadian king, builds Mesopotamian empire. The Gilgamesh epic &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(c. 3000 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Systematic astronomy in Egypt, Babylon, India, China.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;3000–1500 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;The most ancient civilization on the Indian subcontinent, the sophisticated and extensive Indus Valley civilization, flourishes in what is today Pakistan. In Britain, Stonehenge erected according to some unknown astronomical rationale. Its three main phases of construction are thought to span c. 3000–1500 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;2000–1500 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Hyksos invaders drive Egyptians from Lower Egypt &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(17th century &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Amosis I frees Egypt from Hyksos &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(c. 1600 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Assyrians rise to power—cities of Ashur and Nineveh. Twenty-four-character alphabet in Egypt. Cuneiform inscriptions used by Hittites. Peak of Minoan culture on Isle of Crete—earliest form of written Greek. Hammurabi, king of Babylon, develops oldest existing code of laws &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(18th century &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;1500–1000 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Ikhnaton develops monotheistic religion in Egypt &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(c. 1375 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; His successor, Tutankhamen, returns to earlier gods. Greeks destroy Troy &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(c. 1193 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; End of Greek civilization in Mycenae with invasion of Dorians. Chinese civilization develops under Shang Dynasty. Olmec civilization in Mexico—stone monuments; picture writing. &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;1000–900 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Solomon succeeds King David, builds Jerusalem temple. After Solomon&#39;s death, kingdom divided into Israel and Judah. Hebrew elders begin to write Old Testament books of Bible. Phoenicians colonize Spain with settlement at Cadiz.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;900–800 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Phoenicians establish Carthage &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(c. 810 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; The &lt;i&gt;Iliad&lt;/i&gt; and the &lt;i&gt;Odyssey,&lt;/i&gt; perhaps composed by Greek poet Homer.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;800–700 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Prophets Amos, Hosea, Isaiah. First recorded Olympic games &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(776 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Legendary founding of Rome by Romulus &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(753 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Assyrian king Sargon II conquers Hittites, Chaldeans, Samaria (end of Kingdom of Israel). Earliest written music. Chariots introduced into Italy by Etruscans.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;700–600 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;End of Assyrian Empire &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(616 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;—Nineveh destroyed by Chaldeans (Neo-Babylonians) and Medes &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(612 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Founding of Byzantium by Greeks &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(c. 660 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Building of the Acropolis in Athens. Solon, Greek lawgiver &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(640–560 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Sappho of Lesbos, Greek poet &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(fl. c. 610–580 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;. Lao-tse, Chinese philosopher and founder of Taoism (born &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;c. 604 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;600–500 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar builds empire, destroys Jerusalem &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(586 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Babylonian Captivity of the Jews (starting &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;587 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Cyrus the Great of Persia creates great empire, conquers Babylon &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(539 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;),&lt;/span&gt; frees the Jews. Athenian democracy develops. Aeschylus, Greek dramatist &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(525–465 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Pythagoras, Greek philosopher and mathematician  &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(582?–507? &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;. Confucius &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(551–479 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; develops ethical and social philosophy in China. The &lt;i&gt;Analects&lt;/i&gt; or Lun-yü (“collected sayings”) are compiled by the second generation of Confucian disciples. Buddha &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(563?–483? &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; founds Buddhism in India.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;500–400 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Greeks defeat Persians: battles of Marathon &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(490 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;),&lt;/span&gt; Thermopylae &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(480 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;),&lt;/span&gt; Salamis &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(480 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Peloponnesian Wars between Athens and Sparta &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(431–404 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;—Sparta victorious. Pericles comes to power in Athens &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(462 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Flowering of Greek culture during the Age of Pericles &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(450–400 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; The Parthenon is built in Athens as a temple of the goddess Athena (447–432 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;). Ictinus and Callicrates are the architects and Phidias is responsible for the sculpture. Sophocles, Greek dramatist &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(496?–406 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Hippocrates, Greek “Father of Medicine” (born &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;460 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;). &lt;/span&gt; Xerxes I, king of Persia (rules &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;485–465 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;400–300 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Pentateuch—first five books of the Old Testament evolve in final form. Philip of Macedon, who believed himself to be a descendant of the Greek people, assassinated &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(336 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; after subduing the Greek city-states; succeeded by son, Alexander the Great &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(356–323 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;, who destroys Thebes &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(335 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;),&lt;/span&gt; conquers Tyre and Jerusalem &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(332 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;),&lt;/span&gt; occupies Babylon &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(330 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;),&lt;/span&gt; invades India, and dies in Babylon. His empire is divided among his generals; one of them, Seleucis I, establishes Middle East empire with capitals at Antioch (Syria) and Seleucia (in Iraq). Trial and execution of Greek philosopher Socrates &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(399 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Dialogues recorded by his student, Plato &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(c. 427–348 or 347 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Euclid&#39;s work on geometry &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(323 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;. Aristotle, Greek philosopher &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(384–322 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Demosthenes, Greek orator &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(384–322 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Praxiteles, Greek sculptor &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(400–330 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;300–251 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;First Punic War &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(264–241 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;):&lt;/span&gt; Rome defeats the Carthaginians and begins its domination of the Mediterranean. Temple of the Sun at Teotihuacán, Mexico &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(c. 300 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Invention of Mayan calendar in Yucatán—more exact than older calendars. First Roman gladiatorial games &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(264 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Archimedes, Greek mathematician &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(287–212 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;250–201 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Second Punic War &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(219–201 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;):&lt;/span&gt; Hannibal, Carthaginian general &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(246–142 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;),&lt;/span&gt; crosses the Alps &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(218 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;),&lt;/span&gt; reaches gates of Rome &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(211 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;),&lt;/span&gt; retreats, and is defeated by Scipio Africanus at Zama &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(202 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Great Wall of China built &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(c. 215 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;200–151 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Romans defeat Seleucid King Antiochus III at Thermopylae &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(191 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;—beginning of Roman world domination. Maccabean revolt against Seleucids &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(167 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;150–101 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Third Punic War &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(149–146 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;):&lt;/span&gt; Rome destroys Carthage, killing 450,000 and enslaving the remaining 50,000 inhabitants. Roman armies conquer Macedonia, Greece, Anatolia, Balearic Islands, and southern France. Venus de Milo &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(c. 140 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Cicero, Roman orator &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(106–43 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;100–51 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Julius Caesar &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(100–44 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; invades Britain &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(55 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; and conquers Gaul (France) &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(c. 50 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Spartacus leads slave revolt against Rome &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(71 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Romans conquer Seleucid empire. Roman general Pompey conquers Jerusalem &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(63 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Cleopatra on Egyptian throne &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(51–31 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Chinese develop use of paper &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(c. 100 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Virgil, Roman poet &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(70–19 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Horace, Roman poet &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(65–8 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;dl&gt;&lt;dt&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;50–1 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;&lt;dd&gt;Caesar crosses Rubicon to fight Pompey &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(50 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Herod made Roman governor of Judea &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(37 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Caesar murdered &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(44 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt; Caesar&#39;s nephew, Octavian, defeats Mark Antony and Cleopatra at Battle of Actium &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(31 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;),&lt;/span&gt; and establishes Roman empire as Emperor Augustus; rules &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;27 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;–&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 14.&lt;/span&gt; Pantheon built for the first time under Agrippa, 27 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt; Ovid, Roman poet &lt;span class=&quot;date&quot;&gt;(43 &lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;B.C.&lt;/span&gt;–&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot;&gt;A.D.&lt;/span&gt; 18).&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/feeds/2814153827807289672/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/04/ancient-history.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/2814153827807289672'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/2814153827807289672'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/04/ancient-history.html' title='Ancient History'/><author><name>Anil</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03335276039831146351</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwulaeE6G438M3eWbwHZcVC-MMxoy1G9dtoyxXp3ih02LxDrFONyJtvejMyKPkE4GZbUNpBAXJ9wQgjhfTznfQ-LsYyzAkLrJWdbP3ADikS-nEWSZzZq8fdslavp2mrIk/s220/ATT896222.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4306388150004517256.post-5840150674028678562</id><published>2009-04-01T09:34:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-01T09:36:17.406-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Nobel Prize Winners - Economics</title><content type='html'>&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;10%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Year&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Name&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Country&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;10%&quot;&gt;1969&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Ragnar Frisch&lt;br /&gt;Jan Tinbergen&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;Norwegian&lt;br /&gt;Dutch&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1970&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Paul A.Samuelson&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;U.S.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;10%&quot;&gt;1971&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Simon Kuznets&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;U.S.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1972&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Kenneth J. Arrow&lt;br /&gt;John R. Hicks&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;U.S.&lt;br /&gt;Britain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;10%&quot;&gt;1973&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Wassily Leontief&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;U.S.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1974&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Gunnar Myrdal&lt;br /&gt;Friedrich A.von Hayek&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;Sweden&lt;br /&gt;Australia&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;10%&quot;&gt;1975&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Tjalling Koopmans&lt;br /&gt;Leonid Kantorovich&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;Dutch-U.S&lt;br /&gt;USSR&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1976&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Milton Friedman&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;U.S.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;10%&quot;&gt;1977&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Bertil Ohlin&lt;br /&gt;James E. Meade&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;Swedish&lt;br /&gt;Britain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1978&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Herbert A. Simon&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;U.S.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;10%&quot;&gt;1979&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Theodore W. Schultz&lt;br /&gt;Sir Arthur Lewis&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;U.S.&lt;br /&gt;Britain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1980&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Lawrence R. Klein&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;U.S.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;10%&quot;&gt;1981&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;James Tobin&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;U.S.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1982&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;George J. Stigler&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;U.S.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;10%&quot;&gt;1983&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Gerard Debreu&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;France - U.S.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1984&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Richard Stone&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;Britain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;10%&quot;&gt;1985&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Franco Modigliani&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;Italy - U.S.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1986&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;James M.Buchanan&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;U.S.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;10%&quot;&gt;1987&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Robert M. Solow&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;U.S.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1988&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Maurice Allais&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;France&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;10%&quot;&gt;1989&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Trygve Haavelmo&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;Norway&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1990&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Harry M. Markowitz William  F. Sharpe, Merton H. Miller&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;U.S.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;10%&quot;&gt;1991&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Ronald H.Coase&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;Britain - U.S&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1992&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Gary S.Becker&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;U.S.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;10%&quot;&gt;1993&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Robert W. Fogel, Douglass C. North&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;U.S.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1994&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;John C. Harsanyi, John F. Nash&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;U.S.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;10%&quot;&gt;1995&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Robert W. Fogel, Douglass C.Norht&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;U.S.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1996&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;James A. Mirrlees&lt;br /&gt;William Vickrey&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;Uk&lt;br /&gt;Canada&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;10%&quot;&gt;1997&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Robert C. Merton, Myron S.Scholes&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;U.S.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1998&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Amarty Sen&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;India&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;10%&quot;&gt;1999&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Robert Mundell&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;Canada&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;10%&quot;&gt;2000&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt; James J. Heckman&lt;br /&gt;Daniel L. McFadden &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;USA&lt;br /&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;10%&quot;&gt;2001&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt; George A. Akerlof&lt;br /&gt;A. Michael Spence&lt;br /&gt;Joseph E. Stiglitz &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;USA&lt;br /&gt;USA&lt;br /&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;10%&quot;&gt;2002&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt; Daniel Kahneman&lt;br /&gt;Vernon L. Smith &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;30%&quot;&gt;USA&lt;br /&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/feeds/5840150674028678562/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/04/nobel-prize-winners-economics.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/5840150674028678562'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/5840150674028678562'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/04/nobel-prize-winners-economics.html' title='Nobel Prize Winners - Economics'/><author><name>Anil</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03335276039831146351</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwulaeE6G438M3eWbwHZcVC-MMxoy1G9dtoyxXp3ih02LxDrFONyJtvejMyKPkE4GZbUNpBAXJ9wQgjhfTznfQ-LsYyzAkLrJWdbP3ADikS-nEWSZzZq8fdslavp2mrIk/s220/ATT896222.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4306388150004517256.post-6497010374100247158</id><published>2009-04-01T09:28:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-01T09:34:40.083-07:00</updated><title type='text'>VOLCANOES</title><content type='html'>&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Country&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Date of Last Notified&lt;br /&gt;Eruption&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ojos dei Saldo&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Argentina-Chile&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;1981- Steams&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Guallatiri&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Chile&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;1960&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Cotopaxi&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ecuador&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;1975&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Lascar&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Chile&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;1968&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Tupungatito&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Chile&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;1964&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Popocatepetl&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Mexico&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;1920- Steams&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Nevado del Ruiz&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Colombia&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;1985&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Sangay&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ecuador&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;1976&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Klyuchevskaya Sopka&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Russia&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;1974&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Purace&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Colombia&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;1977&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Mauna Loa&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;1978&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Tacana&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Guatemala&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Rumbles&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Cameroon Mt.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Cameroon&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;1959&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Erebus&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Antarctica&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;1975&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Rindjiani&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Indonesia (Lombok)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;1966&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Pico de Teide&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Spain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;1909&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Semeru&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Indonesia (Java)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;1976&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Nyirangongo&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Zaire&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;1977&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Mt. Etna&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Italy&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Active&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Mt. Unzen&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Japan&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;1991 (after 200 yrs)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;mt.Pinatubo&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Philippines&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;1991 (after 600 yrs)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Barren Island (andaman)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;India&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Active&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Tajumulco&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Guatemala&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Rumbles&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/feeds/6497010374100247158/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/04/volcanoes.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/6497010374100247158'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/6497010374100247158'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/04/volcanoes.html' title='VOLCANOES'/><author><name>Anil</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03335276039831146351</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwulaeE6G438M3eWbwHZcVC-MMxoy1G9dtoyxXp3ih02LxDrFONyJtvejMyKPkE4GZbUNpBAXJ9wQgjhfTznfQ-LsYyzAkLrJWdbP3ADikS-nEWSZzZq8fdslavp2mrIk/s220/ATT896222.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4306388150004517256.post-3480904820500463519</id><published>2009-03-29T06:20:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-29T06:22:51.595-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Religion: Islam :Common beliefs:</title><content type='html'>Strict monotheism. God is the creator, is just, omnipotent and merciful&lt;br /&gt;Respect for earlier prophets and belief in their teachings: Abraham, Moses and Jesus (peace be upon them).&lt;br /&gt;That Mohammed (pbuh) is the last of the prophets&lt;br /&gt;Belief in the existence of Satan who drives people to sin&lt;br /&gt;That Muslims who sincerely repent and submit to God return to a state of sinlessness&lt;br /&gt;Belief in Hell where unbelievers and sinners spend eternity. One translation of the Qur&#39;an 98:1-8 states: &quot;The unbelievers among the People of the Book and the pagans shall burn for ever in the fire of Hell. They are the vilest of all creatures.&quot; (&quot;People of the Book&quot; refers to Christians, Jews and Muslims&lt;br /&gt;Belief in Paradise, a place of physical and spiritual pleasure where the sinless go after death&lt;br /&gt;Abstinence from alcohol and gambling&lt;br /&gt;Rejection of racism&lt;br /&gt;Avoid the use of alcohol, other drugs, eating of pork, etc.&lt;br /&gt;Avoid gambling&lt;br /&gt;That Jesus (pbuh) is a prophet. They regard the Christian concept of the deity of Jesus (pbuh) to be blasphemous&lt;br /&gt;That Jesus (pbuh) was not executed on the cross&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Originally, in Islamic countries, there was no separation between religious and civil law, between Islam and the state. Turkey and some other countries have become secular states during this century. This is a controversial move in Islamic circles.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Understanding of Jesus (pbuh), within Islam and Christianity:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Traditional Christians and Muslims have certain beliefs in common concerning Jesus (pbuh). They both accept that:&lt;br /&gt;His birth was miraculous.&lt;br /&gt;He was the Messiah.&lt;br /&gt;He cured people of illness.&lt;br /&gt;He restored dead people to life.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, they differ from Christians in a number of major areas. Muslims do not believe&lt;br /&gt;In original sin (that everyone inherits a sinful nature because of Adam and Eve&#39;s transgression)&lt;br /&gt;That Jesus (pbuh) was killed during his crucifixion. Muslims believe that he escaped being executed, and later reappeared to his disciples without having first died.&lt;br /&gt;That Jesus (pbuh) was resurrected (or resurrected himself) circa 30 CE.&lt;br /&gt;Salvation is dependent either upon belief in the resurrection of Jesus (pbuh) (as in Paul&#39;s writings) or belief that Jesus (pbuh) is the Son of God (as in the Gospel of John).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);&quot;&gt;Schools within Islam:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are different schools of jurisprudence within Islam. The main divisions are:&lt;br /&gt;Sunni Muslims: These are followers of the Hanifa, Shafi, Hanibal and Malik schools. They constitute a 90% majority of the believers, and are considered to be main stream traditionalists. Because they are comfortable pursuing their faith within secular societies, they have been able to adapt to a variety of national cultures, while following their three sources of law: the Qur&#39;an, Hadith and consensus of Muslims.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);&quot;&gt;Shi&#39;ite Muslims:&lt;/span&gt; These are followers of the Jafri school who constitute a small minority of Islam. They split from the Sunnis over a dispute about the successor to Mohammed (pbuh). Their leaders promote a strict interpretation of the Qur&#39;an and close adherents to its teachings. They believe in 12 heavenly Imams (perfect teachers) who led the Shi&#39;ites in succession. Shi&#39;ites believe that the 12th Imam, the Mahdi (guided one), never died but went into hiding waiting for the optimum time to reappear and guide humans towards justice and peace.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);&quot;&gt;Sufism:&lt;/span&gt; This is a mystic tradition in which followers seek inner knowledge directly from God through meditation and ritual and dancing. They developed late in the 10th century CE as an ascetic reaction to the formalism and laws of the Qur&#39;an. There are Sufis from both the Sunni and Shi&#39;ite groups. However, some Sunni followers to not consider Sufiism as a valid Islamic practice. They incorporated ideas from Neoplatonism, Buddhism, and Christianity. They emphasize personal union with the divine. In the Middle East, some Sufi traditions are considered to be a separate school of Islam. In North and sub-Saharan Africa, Sufism is more a style and an approach rather than a separate school.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Unlike Christianity, Islam does not have denominational mosques. Members are welcome to attend any mosque in any land.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Bahai&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A relatively new world religion, the Baha&#39;i faith attempts to unite all humanity in the belief that there is only one God.&lt;br /&gt;It began when a young man announced that a new messenger of God would appear.&lt;br /&gt;Unfortunately this announcement was made in Iran a very Muslim state,&lt;br /&gt;and the young prophet Bab was executed along with thousands of his followers.&lt;br /&gt;One of his followers, a member of a wealthy family was banished to Iraq and eventually imprisoned.&lt;br /&gt;While imprisoned he realized that he was the messiah that his former leader was speaking of. While in prison Bahá&#39;u&#39;lláh which means Glory of God spread his inspirational message to his followers through extensive correspondence. After his death in 1892 his successor took the faith to other parts of the world as a missionary. The Baha&#39;i faith has it&#39;s roots in Islam as they believe in one God but rejects some of the teachings of Muhammad such as the practice of polygamy and slavery.&lt;br /&gt;The Bahais principals are summed up as:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * The end of prejudice&lt;br /&gt;    * Equality for women&lt;br /&gt;    * Acceptance of the relativity and unity of spiritual truth&lt;br /&gt;    * Just distribution of wealth&lt;br /&gt;    * universal education&lt;br /&gt;    * an individual&#39;s responsibility to seek the truth&lt;br /&gt;    * the development of a world federation&lt;br /&gt;    * Harmony of science and true religion.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bahá&#39;u&#39;lláh led a group of people in a time where the present religion of Islam seemed to stagnate. A new modern world seemed to beckon on the horizon and a new prophet would lead the way to unite mankind.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/feeds/3480904820500463519/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/03/religion-islam-common-beliefs.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/3480904820500463519'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/3480904820500463519'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/03/religion-islam-common-beliefs.html' title='Religion: Islam :Common beliefs:'/><author><name>Anil</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03335276039831146351</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwulaeE6G438M3eWbwHZcVC-MMxoy1G9dtoyxXp3ih02LxDrFONyJtvejMyKPkE4GZbUNpBAXJ9wQgjhfTznfQ-LsYyzAkLrJWdbP3ADikS-nEWSZzZq8fdslavp2mrIk/s220/ATT896222.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4306388150004517256.post-9127480564973853014</id><published>2009-03-29T06:19:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-29T06:20:26.155-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Religion: Islam: Important Texts:</title><content type='html'>There are two main texts consulted by Muslims:&lt;br /&gt;The Qur&#39;an are the words of God. This was originally in oral and written form; they were later assembled together into a single book, the Qur&#39;an. Its name is often spelled &quot;Koran&quot; in English. This is not recommended, as some Muslims find it offensive.&lt;br /&gt;The Hadith, which are collections of the sayings of Mohammed (pbuh). They are regarded as an excellent guide for living. However, the writings are not regarded as having the same status as the Holy Qur&#39;an; the latter is considered to be God&#39;s word.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Muslim Beliefs and Practices:&lt;br /&gt;Muslims follow a lunar calendar which started with the hegira, a 300 mile trek in 622 CE when Mohammed (pbuh) relocated from Mecca to Medina.&lt;br /&gt;A Muslim&#39;s duties as described in the Five Pillars of Islam are:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   1. To recite at least once during their lifetime the shahadah (the creed: &quot;There is no God but God and Mohammed is his Prophet&quot;). Most Muslims repeat it at least daily.&lt;br /&gt;   2. To perform the salat (prayer) 5 times a day. This is recited while orienting one&#39;s body towards Mecca. It is done in the morning, at noon, mid-afternoon, after sunset and just before sleeping.&lt;br /&gt;   3. To donate regularly to charity through zakat, a 2.5% charity tax, and through additional donations to the needy as the individual believer feels moved.&lt;br /&gt;   4. To fast during the month of Ramadan [began 1995-FEB-2, 1995 (Year 1415); begins 1996-JAN-22 (Year 1416) and 1997-JAN-10 (Year 1417)]. This is believed to be the month that Mohammed (pbuh) received the first revelation of the Qur&#39;an from God.&lt;br /&gt;   5. If economically and physically able, to make at least one hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jihad (struggle) is probably the most misunderstood religious word in existence. It often mentioned on Western TV and radio during news about the Middle East, where it is implied to be a synonym of &quot;holy war&quot; - a call to fight against non-Muslims in the defense of Islam.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The vast majority of Muslims have an entirely different definition of Jihad. It is seen as a personal, internal struggle with one&#39;s self. The goal may be achievement in a profession, self-purification, the conquering of primitive instincts or the attainment of some other noble goal.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/feeds/9127480564973853014/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/03/religion-islam-important-texts.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/9127480564973853014'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/9127480564973853014'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/03/religion-islam-important-texts.html' title='Religion: Islam: Important Texts:'/><author><name>Anil</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03335276039831146351</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwulaeE6G438M3eWbwHZcVC-MMxoy1G9dtoyxXp3ih02LxDrFONyJtvejMyKPkE4GZbUNpBAXJ9wQgjhfTznfQ-LsYyzAkLrJWdbP3ADikS-nEWSZzZq8fdslavp2mrIk/s220/ATT896222.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4306388150004517256.post-1954845547715583599</id><published>2009-03-29T06:14:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-29T06:25:31.640-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Religion: Islam: Overview</title><content type='html'>- The best jihad [struggle] is (by) the one who strives against his own self for Allah, The Mighty and Majestic, by the Pophet Muhammad.(S.A.W.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);&quot;&gt;Origin of Islam:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Most religious historians view Islam as having been founded in 622 CE by Mohammed the Prophet (peace be upon him).* He lived from about 570 to 632 CE). The religion started in Mecca, when the angel Jibreel (Gabriel) read the first revelation to Muhammad (pbuh). (Muhammad and Muhammed (pbuh) are alternate spellings for his name.) Islam is seen as the youngest of the world&#39;s great religions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Muslims traditionally acknowledge respect for Mohammed, Jesus and other prophets (peace be upon them) by adding this phrase or an abbreviation &quot;(pbuh)&quot; after their names.&lt;br /&gt;However, many if not most of the followers of Islam believe that:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Islam existed before Mohammed (pbuh) was born,&lt;br /&gt;The origins of Islam date back to the creation of the world, and&lt;br /&gt;Mohammed (pbuh) was the last of a series of Prophets.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Followers of Islam are called Muslims. &quot;Muslim&quot; is an Arabic word that refers to a person who submits themselves to the Will of God. &quot;Allah&quot; is an Arabic word which means &quot;the One True God.&quot; An alternate spelling for &quot;Muslim&quot; that is occasionally used is &quot;Moslim&quot;; it is not recommended because it is often pronounced &quot;mawzlem&quot;: which sounds like an Arabic word for &quot;oppressor&quot;. Some Western writers in the past have referred to Islam as &quot;Mohammedism&quot;; this is deeply offensive to many Muslims, as its usage can lead some to the concept that Mohammed the Prophet (pbuh) was in some way divine.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);&quot;&gt;About Islam:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By 750 CE, Islam had expanded to China, India, along the Southern shore of the Mediterranean and into Spain. By 1550 they had reached Vienna. Wars resulted, expelling Muslims from Spain and Europe. Since their trading routes were mostly over land, they did not an develop extensive sea trade (as for example the English and Spaniards). As a result, the old world occupation of North America was left to Christians.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Believers are currently concentrated from the West coast of Africa to the Philippines. In Africa, in particular, they are increasing in numbers, largely at the expense of Christianity.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Many do not look upon Islam as a new religion. They feel that it is in reality the faith taught by the ancient Prophets, Abraham, David, Moses and Jesus (Peace be upon them). Mohammed&#39;s (pbuh) role as the last of the Prophets was to formalize and clarify the faith and to purify it by removing foreign ideas that had been added in error.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Estimates of the total number of Muslims in the world vary greatly:&lt;br /&gt;0.700 billion or more, Barnes &amp;amp; Noble Encyclopedia 1993&lt;br /&gt;0.817 billion, The Universal Almanac (1996)&lt;br /&gt;0.951 billion, The Cambridge Factfinder (1993)&lt;br /&gt;1.100 billion, The World Almanac (1997)&lt;br /&gt;1.200 billion, CAIR (Council on American-Islamic relations)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At a level of 1.2 billion, they represent about 22% of the world&#39;s population. They are the second largest religion in the world; Christianity has 33%.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Islam is growing about 2.9% per year which is faster than the total world population which increases about 2.3% annually. It is thus attracting a progressively larger percentage of the world&#39;s population. The number of Muslims in North America is in dispute: estimates range from under 3 million to over 6 million. The main cause of the disagreement appears to be over how many Muslim immigrants have converted to Christianity since they arrived in the US. Statistics Canada reports that 253,260 Canadians identified themselves as Muslims (0.9% of the total population) during the 1991 census. Those figures are believed to be an under-estimate.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/feeds/1954845547715583599/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/03/best-jihad-struggle-is-by-one-who.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/1954845547715583599'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/1954845547715583599'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/03/best-jihad-struggle-is-by-one-who.html' title='Religion: Islam: Overview'/><author><name>Anil</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03335276039831146351</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwulaeE6G438M3eWbwHZcVC-MMxoy1G9dtoyxXp3ih02LxDrFONyJtvejMyKPkE4GZbUNpBAXJ9wQgjhfTznfQ-LsYyzAkLrJWdbP3ADikS-nEWSZzZq8fdslavp2mrIk/s220/ATT896222.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4306388150004517256.post-2812916225368849993</id><published>2009-03-28T23:13:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-28T23:22:35.275-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Religion:Hindu beliefs and practices:</title><content type='html'>At the heart of Hinduism is the panentheistic principle of Brahman, that all reality is a unity. The entire universe is one divine entity who is simultaneously at one with the universe and who transcends it as well. Deity is simultaneously visualized as a triad:&lt;br /&gt;Brahma the Creator who is continuing to create new realities&lt;br /&gt;Vishnu, (Krishna) the Preserver, who preserves these new creations. Whenever dharma (eternal order, righteousness, religion, law and duty) is threatened, Vishnu travels from heaven to earth in one of ten incarnations.&lt;br /&gt;Siva, the Destroyer, is at times compassionate, erotic and destructive.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Most Hindus follow one of two major divisions within Hinduism:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);&quot;&gt;Vaishnavaism&lt;/span&gt;: which generally regards Vishnu as the ultimate deity&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);&quot;&gt;Shivaism&lt;/span&gt;: which generally regards Shiva as the ultimate deity.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Simultaneously, many hundreds of Hindu Gods and Goddesses are worshipped as various aspects of that unity. Depending upon ones view, Hinduism can be looked upon as a monotheistic, trinitarian, or polytheistic religion.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Humans are perceived as being trapped in samsara, a meaningless cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth. Karma is the accumulated sum of ones good and bad deeds. Karma determines how you will live your next life. Through pure acts, thoughts and devotion, one can be reborn at a higher level. Eventually, one can escape samsara and achieve enlightenment. Bad deeds can cause a person to be reborn as a lower level, or even as an animal. The unequal distribution of wealth, prestige, suffering are thus seen as natural consequences for ones previous acts, both in this life and in previous lives.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Meditation is often practiced, with Yoga being the most common. Other activities include daily devotions, public rituals, and puja a ceremonial dinner for a God.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hinduism has a deserved reputation of being highly tolerant of other religions. Hindus have a saying: &quot;Ekam Sataha Vipraha Bahudha Vadanti,&quot; which may be translated: &quot;The truth is One, but different Sages call it by Different Names&quot;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;The caste system:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although the caste system was abolished by law in 1949, it remains a significant force throughout India.&lt;br /&gt;Each follower of Hinduism belonged to one of the thousands of Jats (communities) that existed in India. The Jats were grouped into four Varna (social castes), plus a fifth group called the &quot;untouchables.&quot; A person&#39;s Jat determined the range of jobs or professions from which they could choose. Marriages normally took place within the same Jat. There were rules that prohibited persons of different groups from eating, drinking or even smoking with each other. People were once able to move from one Varna to another. However, at some time in the past (estimates range from about 500 BCE to 500 CE), the system became rigid, so that a person was generally born into the Jat and Varna of their parents, and died in the same group. &quot;The caste system splits up society into a multitude of little communities, for every caste, and almost every local unit of a caste, has its own peculiar customs and internal regulations.&quot; The Rigveda defined four castes. In decreasing status, they are normally:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Brahmins (the priests and academics)&lt;br /&gt;Kshatriyas (rulers, military)&lt;br /&gt;Vaishyas (farmers, landlords, and merchants)&lt;br /&gt;Sudras (peasants, servants, and workers in non-polluting jobs).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Dalit were outcasts who do not belong to one of the castes. Until the late 1980&#39;s they were called Harijan (children of God). They worked in what are considered polluting jobs. They were untouchable by the four castes; in some areas of the country, even a contact with their shadow by a member of the Varnas was considered polluting.&lt;br /&gt;Practicing untouchability or discriminating against a person because of their caste is now illegal. The caste system has lost much of its power in urban areas; however it is essentially unchanged in some rural districts. The government has instituted positive discrimination in order to help the Dalit and lower castes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hindu sects and denominations:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;About 80% of Hindus are Vaishnavites, who worship Lord Vishnu. Others follow various reform movements or neo-Hindu sects.&lt;br /&gt;Various sects of Hinduism have evolved into separate religious movements, including Hare Krishna, Sikhism and Theosophy. Transcendental Meditation was derived from a Hindu technique of meditation. The New Age movement has taken many of its concepts from Hinduism.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/feeds/2812916225368849993/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/03/religionhindu-beliefs-and-practices.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/2812916225368849993'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/2812916225368849993'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/03/religionhindu-beliefs-and-practices.html' title='Religion:Hindu beliefs and practices:'/><author><name>Anil</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03335276039831146351</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwulaeE6G438M3eWbwHZcVC-MMxoy1G9dtoyxXp3ih02LxDrFONyJtvejMyKPkE4GZbUNpBAXJ9wQgjhfTznfQ-LsYyzAkLrJWdbP3ADikS-nEWSZzZq8fdslavp2mrIk/s220/ATT896222.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4306388150004517256.post-3495904646733667415</id><published>2009-03-28T23:08:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-28T23:12:04.151-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Religion:Early history of Hinduism:</title><content type='html'>Beliefs about the early development of Hinduism are currently in a state of flux:&lt;br /&gt;The classical theory of the origins of Hinduism traces the religion&#39;s roots to the Indus valley civilization circa 4000 to 2200 BCE. The development of Hinduism was influenced by many invasions over thousands of years. The major influences occurred when light-skinned, nomadic &quot;Aryan&quot; Indo-European tribes invaded Northern India (circa 1500 BCE) from the steppes of Russia and Central Asia. They brought with them their religion of Vedism. These beliefs mingled with the more advanced, indigenous Indian native beliefs, often called the &quot;Indus valley culture.&quot;. This theory was initially proposed by Christian academics some 200 years ago. Their conclusions were biased by their pre-existing belief in the Hebrew Scriptures (Old Testament). The Book of Genesis, which they interpreted literally, appears to place the creation of the earth at circa 4,000 BCE, and the Noahic flood at circa 2,500 BCE. These dates put severe constraints on the date of the &quot;Aryan invasion,&quot; and the development of the four Veda and Upanishad Hindu religious texts. A second factor supporting this theory was their lack of appreciation of the sophisticated nature of Vedic culture; they had discounted it as primitive.&lt;br /&gt;Emerging The Aryan Invasion view of ancient Indian history has been challenged in recent years by new conclusions based on more recent findings in archaeology, cultural analysis, astronomical references, and literary analysis. One scholar, David Frawley, has established a convincing argument for this new interpretation. 7 Archeological digs have revealed that the Indus Valley culture was not &quot;destroyed by outside invasion, but...[by] internal causes and, most likely, floods.&quot; The &quot;dark age&quot; that was believed to have followed the Aryan invasion may never have happened. A series of cities in India have been studied by archeologists and shown to have a level of civilization between that of the Indus culture and later Indian culture, as visited by the Greeks. Finally, Indus Valley excavations have uncovered many remains of fire alters, animal bones, potsherds, shell jewelry and other evidences of Vedic rituals. &quot;In other words there is no racial evidence of any such Indo-Aryan invasion of India but only of a continuity of the same group of people who traditionally considered themselves to be Aryans...The Indo-Aryan invasion as an academic concept in 18th and 19th century Europe reflected the cultural milieu of the period. Linguistic data were used to validate the concept that in turn was used to interpret archeological and anthropological data.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During the first few centuries CE, many sects were created, each dedicated to a specific deity. Typical among these were the Goddesses Shakti and Lakshmi, and the Gods Skanda and Surya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sacred texts:The most important of all Hindu texts is the Bhagavad Gita which is a poem describing a conversation between a warrior Arjuna and his charioteer Krishna. It is an ancient text that has become central to Hinduism and other belief systems. Vedism survives in the Rigveda, (a.k.a. Rig Veda) a collection of over a thousand hymns. Other texts include the Brahmanas, the Sutras, and the Aranyakas.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/feeds/3495904646733667415/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/03/religionearly-history-of-hinduism.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/3495904646733667415'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/3495904646733667415'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/03/religionearly-history-of-hinduism.html' title='Religion:Early history of Hinduism:'/><author><name>Anil</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03335276039831146351</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwulaeE6G438M3eWbwHZcVC-MMxoy1G9dtoyxXp3ih02LxDrFONyJtvejMyKPkE4GZbUNpBAXJ9wQgjhfTznfQ-LsYyzAkLrJWdbP3ADikS-nEWSZzZq8fdslavp2mrIk/s220/ATT896222.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4306388150004517256.post-3884686568862501639</id><published>2009-03-28T23:03:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-28T23:08:36.439-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Religion:Hinduism :Overview</title><content type='html'>Overview:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hinduism differs from Christianity and other Western religions in that it does not have a single founder, a specific theological system, a single system of morality, or a central religious organization. It consists of &quot;thousands of different religious groups that have evolved in India since 1500 BCE.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hinduism has grown to become the world&#39;s third largest religion, after Christianity and Islam. It claims about 762 million followers - 13% of the world&#39;s population. It is the dominant religion in India, Nepal, and among the Tamils in Sri Lanka. There are about 1.1 million Hindus in the U.S., and about 157,015 in Canada.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hinduism has traditionally been one of the most tolerant of religions. However, over the past few years, a Hindu nationalistic political party has controlled the government of India. Anti-Christian violence has escalated.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Name of the religion:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This religion is called:&lt;br /&gt;Sanatana Dharma, &quot;eternal religion,&quot; and&lt;br /&gt;Vaidika Dharma, &quot;religion of the Vedas,&quot; and&lt;br /&gt;Hinduism -- the most commonly used name in North America. Various origins for the word &quot;Hinduism&quot; have been suggested:&lt;br /&gt;It may be derived from an ancient inscription translated as: &quot;The country lying between the Himalayan mountain and Bindu Sarovara is known as Hindusthan by combination of the first letter &#39;hi&#39; of &#39;Himalaya&#39; and the last compound letter &#39;ndu&#39; of the word `Bindu.&#39;&quot; Bindu Sarovara is called the Cape Comorin sea in modern times.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It may be derived from the Persian word for Indian.&lt;br /&gt;It may be a Persian corruption of the word Sindhu (the river Indus)&lt;br /&gt;It was a name invented by the British administration in India during colonial times.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/feeds/3884686568862501639/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/03/religionhinduism-overview.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/3884686568862501639'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/3884686568862501639'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/03/religionhinduism-overview.html' title='Religion:Hinduism :Overview'/><author><name>Anil</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03335276039831146351</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwulaeE6G438M3eWbwHZcVC-MMxoy1G9dtoyxXp3ih02LxDrFONyJtvejMyKPkE4GZbUNpBAXJ9wQgjhfTznfQ-LsYyzAkLrJWdbP3ADikS-nEWSZzZq8fdslavp2mrIk/s220/ATT896222.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4306388150004517256.post-7480096233062115821</id><published>2009-03-28T06:54:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-28T06:54:59.399-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Noble Prize Winners in Physics</title><content type='html'>&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Year&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Name&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nations&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1901&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Wilhelm C.Roentgen&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Germany&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1902&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Hendrik A.Lorentz &amp;amp; Pieter Zeeman&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Dutch&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1903&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Antoine Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie and Marie Curie&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;France&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1904&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;John W. Strutt, Lord Rayleigh&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Britain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1905&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Philipp E.A.Von Lenard&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Germany&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1906&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Sir. Joseph J.Thomson&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Britain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1907&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Albert A.Michelson&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1908&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Gabriel Lippmann&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Franch&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1909&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Carl F. Braun&lt;br /&gt;Guglielmo Marconi&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Germany&lt;br /&gt;Italy&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1910&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Johannes D. Van der Waals&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Dutch&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1911&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Wilhelm Wien&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Germany&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1912&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Nils G. Dalen&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Sweden&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1913&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Heike kamerlingh Onnes&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Dutch&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1914&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Max von Laue&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Germany&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1915&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Sir William H. Bragg, Sir William H. Bragg&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Britain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1917&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Charles G. Barkla&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Britain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1918&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Max K.E.L. Planck&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Germany&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1919&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Johnnes Stark&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Germany&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1920&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Charles E.Guillaume&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;France&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1921&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Albert Einstein&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Germany - U.S.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1922&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Niels Bohr&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Danish&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1923&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Robert A. Millikan&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1924&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Karl M.G. Siegbahn&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Sweden&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1925&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;James Franck, Gustav Hertz&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Germany&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1926&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Jean B. Perrin&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;France&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1927&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Arthur H.Compton&lt;br /&gt;Charles T.R Wilson&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S&lt;br /&gt;Britain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1928&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Owen W. Richardson&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Britain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1929&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Prince Louis-victor de Broglie&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;France&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1930&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Sir Chandrasekhara V. Raman&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;India&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1932&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Werner Heisenberg&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Germany&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1933&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Paul A.M. Dirac&lt;br /&gt;Erwin Schrodinger&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Britain&lt;br /&gt;Australia&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1935&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Sir James Chadwick&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Britain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1936&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Carl D. Anderson&lt;br /&gt;Victor F. Hess&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S&lt;br /&gt;Australia&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1937&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Cliton J. Davisson&lt;br /&gt;Sir Geroge P. Thomson&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S.&lt;br /&gt;Britain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1938&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Enrico Fermi&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Italy&lt;br /&gt;U.S&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1939&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Ernest O. Lawrence&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1943&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Otto Stern&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1944&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Isidor Issac Rabi&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1945&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Wolfgang Pauli&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1946&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Percy Williams Bridgman&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1947&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Sir Edward V. Appleton&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Britain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1948&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Patrick M.S.Blackett&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Britain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1949&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Hideki Yukawa&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Japan&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1950&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Cecil f. Powell&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Britain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1951&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Sir John D. Cockroft&lt;br /&gt;Ernest T.S.Walton&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Britain&lt;br /&gt;Iran&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1952&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Felix Bloch&lt;br /&gt;Edward M. Purcell&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1953&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Frits Zernike&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Dutch&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1954&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Max Born&lt;br /&gt;Walter Bothe&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Britain&lt;br /&gt;Germany&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1955&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Polykarp Kusch,&lt;br /&gt;Willis E.Lamb&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1956&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;John Bardeen&lt;br /&gt;Walter H. Brattain&lt;br /&gt;William Shockley&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1957&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Tsung-dao-Lee&lt;br /&gt;Chenning Yang&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1958&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Pavel Cherenkov&lt;br /&gt;Ilya Frank,&lt;br /&gt;Igor Y. Tamm&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;USSR&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1959&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Owen Chamberlain&lt;br /&gt;Emilio G.Segre&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1960&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Donald A. Glaser&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1961&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Robert Hofstadter&lt;br /&gt;Rudolf L. Mossbauer&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S&lt;br /&gt;Germany&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1962&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Lev. D. Landau&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;USSR&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1963&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Maria Goeppert-Mayer, Eugene P. Wigner&lt;br /&gt;J. Hans D. Jensen&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Germany&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1964&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Nikolai G. Basov, aleksander M. Prochorov&lt;br /&gt;Charles H. Townes&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;USSR&lt;br /&gt;U.S&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1965&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Richard P. Feynman Julian S. Schwinger&lt;br /&gt;Shinichiro Tomonaga&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S&lt;br /&gt;Japan&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1966&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Alfred Kastler&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Franch&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1967&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Hans A. Bethe&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1968&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Luis W. Alvarez&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1969&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Murray Gell-Mann&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1970&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Louis Neel,br&gt;Hammes Alfven&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;France&lt;br /&gt;Switzerland&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1971&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Dennis Gabor&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Britain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1972&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;John Bardeen&lt;br /&gt;Leon N. Cooper&lt;br /&gt;John R. Schrieffer&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1973&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Ivar Giaever&lt;br /&gt;Leo Esaki&lt;br /&gt;Vrian D. Josephson&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S&lt;br /&gt;Japan&lt;br /&gt;Britain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1974&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Martin Ryle, Antony Hewish&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Britain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1975&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;James Rainwater&lt;br /&gt;Ben Mottelson&lt;br /&gt;Aage Bohr&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S&lt;br /&gt;U.S-Danish&lt;br /&gt;Danish&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1976&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Burton Richter&lt;br /&gt;Samuel C.C Ting&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1977&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;John H.Van Vleck,Philip W.  Anderson&lt;br /&gt;Nevill F. Mott&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S&lt;br /&gt;Britain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1978&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Pyotr Kapitsa&lt;br /&gt;Arno Penzias, Robert Wilson&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;USSR&lt;br /&gt;U.S&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1979&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;steven Weinberg, Sheldon L. Glashow&lt;br /&gt;Abdus Salam&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S&lt;br /&gt;Pakistan&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1980&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;James W. Cronin&lt;br /&gt;Val L. fitch&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1981&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Nicolass Bloembergen, Arthur Schaalow&lt;br /&gt;Kai M.Siegbahn&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S&lt;br /&gt;Sweden&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1982&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Kenneth G. Wilson&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1983&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar&lt;br /&gt;William a. Fowler&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Indian U.S Citizen&lt;br /&gt;U.S&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1984&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Carlo Rubbia&lt;br /&gt;Simonvan der Meer&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Italy&lt;br /&gt;Dutch&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1985&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Klaus von Klitzing&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;West Germany&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1986&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Ernest Ruska,br&gt;Gerd Binnig&lt;br /&gt;Heinrich Rohrer&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Germany&lt;br /&gt;West Germany&lt;br /&gt;Swiss&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1987&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;K.Alex Muller&lt;br /&gt;J. Georg Bednorz&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Switzerland&lt;br /&gt;West Germany&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1988&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Jack Steinberger&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1989&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Norman F. Ramsey&lt;br /&gt;Hans G. Dehmelt&lt;br /&gt;Wo9lfgang Paul&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S.&lt;br /&gt;Grmany-U.S.&lt;br /&gt;Germany &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1990&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Richard E. Taylor&lt;br /&gt;Jerome I. Griedman, Hendry W.Kendall&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Canada&lt;br /&gt;U.S&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1991&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Pierre - Giles de Gennes&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;France&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1992&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Georges Charpak &lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Poland - France&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1993&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Joseph H. Taylor, Russell A. Hulse&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1994&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Bertram N. Brockhouse&lt;br /&gt;Clifford G. Shull&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Canada&lt;br /&gt;U.S&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1995&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Martin L. Perl of Standfrod University and  Frederick Reins of the University of California&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Switzerland&lt;br /&gt;U.S.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1996&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;David M.Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff,  Robert C.Richardson &lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1997&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Steven Chu, William D. Phillips&lt;br /&gt;Claude Cohen Tannoudji&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S.&lt;br /&gt;France&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1998&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Prof. Robert B. Laughlin, Prof Horst L. Stormer, Prof. Daniel C. Tsui&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;U.S&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;1999&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Gerardus T. Hooft, Martinus J.D. Veltman&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Netherland&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;2000&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Mr.Zhores I.Alferov&lt;br /&gt;Herbert Kroemer&lt;br /&gt;Jack Kilby&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Russia&lt;br /&gt;German&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;2001&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt; Eric A. Cornell&lt;br /&gt;Wolfgang Ketterle&lt;br /&gt;Carl E. Wieman&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;USA&lt;br /&gt;German&lt;br /&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;2002&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt; Raymond Davis Jr.&lt;br /&gt;Riccardo Giacconi&lt;br /&gt;Masatoshi Koshiba&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;USA&lt;br /&gt;USA&lt;br /&gt;Japan&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/feeds/7480096233062115821/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/03/noble-prize-winners-in-physics.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/7480096233062115821'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/7480096233062115821'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/03/noble-prize-winners-in-physics.html' title='Noble Prize Winners in Physics'/><author><name>Anil</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03335276039831146351</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwulaeE6G438M3eWbwHZcVC-MMxoy1G9dtoyxXp3ih02LxDrFONyJtvejMyKPkE4GZbUNpBAXJ9wQgjhfTznfQ-LsYyzAkLrJWdbP3ADikS-nEWSZzZq8fdslavp2mrIk/s220/ATT896222.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4306388150004517256.post-7751957320110821087</id><published>2009-03-28T06:45:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-28T06:47:15.540-07:00</updated><title type='text'>History of Taj Mahal</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class=&quot;text&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://www.gkindia.com/architecture/images/tajhahal.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Taj Mahal - A Symbol Of Love&quot; align=&quot;left&quot; width=&quot;179&quot; height=&quot;224&quot; /&gt;Located                            at the city of Agra in the State of Uttar Pradesh, the                            Taj Mahal is one of the most beautiful masterpieces                            of architecture in the world. Agra, situated about 200                            km south of New Delhi, was the Capital of the Mughals                            (Moguls), the Muslim Emperors who ruled Northern India                            between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries. The                            Mughals were the descendents of two of the most skilled                            warriors in history: the Turks and the Mongols. The                            Mughal dynasty reached its highest strength and fame                            during the reign of their early Emperors, Akbar, Jehangir,                            and Shah Jehan. &lt;/p&gt;                         &lt;p class=&quot;text&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;It was Shah Jehan who ordered                            the building of the Taj, in honor of his wife, Arjumand                            Banu who later became known as Mumtaz Mahal, the Distinguished                            of the Palace. Mumtaz and Shah Jehan were married in                            1612 and, over the next 18 years, had 14 children together.                            The Empress used to accompany her husband in his military                            campaigns, and it was in 1630, in Burhanpur, that she                            gave birth to her last child, for she died in childbirth.                            So great was the Emperor love to his wife that he ordered                            the building of the most beautiful mausoleum on Earth                            for her. &lt;/p&gt;                         &lt;p class=&quot;text&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;Although it is not known                            for sure who planned the Taj, the name of an Indian                            architect of Persian descent, Ustad Ahmad Lahori, has                            been cited in many sources. As soon as construction                            began in 1630, masons, craftsmen, sculptors, and calligraphers                            were summoned from Persia, the Ottoman Empire, and Europe                            to work on the masterpiece. The site was chosen near                            the Capital, Agra on the southwest bank of the River                            Yamuna. The architectural complex is comprised of five                            main elements: the Darwaza or main gateway, the Bageecha                            or garden, the Masjid or mosque, the Naqqar Khana or                            rest house, and the Rauza or the Taj Mahal mausoleum.                            The actual Tomb is situated inside the Taj. &lt;/p&gt;                         &lt;p class=&quot;text&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;text&quot;    style=&quot;font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;color:#ffffff;&quot;&gt;The                            unique mughal style combines elements of Persian, Central                            Asian, and Islamic architecture. Most impressive are                            the black and white chessboard marble floor, the four                            tall minarets (40 m high) at the corners of the structure,                            and the majestic dome in the middle. On closer look,                            the lettering of the Quran verses around the archways                            appears to be uniform, regardless of their height. The                            lettering spacing and density has been customized to                            give this impression to the beholder. Other illusionary                            effects have been accounted for in the geometry of the                            tomb and the tall minarets. The impressive pietra dura                            artwork includes geometric elements, plants and flowers,                            mostly common in Islamic architecture. The level of                            sophistication in artwork becomes obvious when one realizes                            that a 3 cm decorative element contains more than 50                            inlaid gemstones. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/feeds/7751957320110821087/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/03/history-of-taj-mahal.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/7751957320110821087'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/7751957320110821087'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/03/history-of-taj-mahal.html' title='History of Taj Mahal'/><author><name>Anil</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03335276039831146351</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwulaeE6G438M3eWbwHZcVC-MMxoy1G9dtoyxXp3ih02LxDrFONyJtvejMyKPkE4GZbUNpBAXJ9wQgjhfTznfQ-LsYyzAkLrJWdbP3ADikS-nEWSZzZq8fdslavp2mrIk/s220/ATT896222.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4306388150004517256.post-6037628410713599338</id><published>2009-03-28T06:17:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-28T06:18:33.743-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Islands of the World</title><content type='html'>&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;Island&lt;/th&gt; &lt;th align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Area in Sq.Km&lt;/th&gt; &lt;th align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Location&lt;/th&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Greenland&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;North Atlalntic&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;2,175,600&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;New Guinea&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;South-West Pacific&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;777,000&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Borneo&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;West mid-Pacific&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;725,545&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Madagascar&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Indian Ocean&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;587,042&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Baffin&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;North Atlantic&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;476,065&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Sumatra&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Northeast Indian Ocean&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;473,600&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Honshu&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Sea of Jappan-Pacific &lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;228,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Great Britain&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Off Coast North-West Europe&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;218,041&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Ellesmere&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Artic Ocean&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;196,236&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Victoria I&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Artic Ocean&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;212,197&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Celebes&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;West Mid-Pacific&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;189,035&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;South Islands&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;South Pacific&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;150,460&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Java&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Indiand Ocean&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;126,295&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;North Island&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;South Pacific&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;114,687&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Cuba&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Carribbean Sea&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;114,522&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Newfoundland&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;North Atlantic&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;112,300&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Luzon&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;West mid-Pacific&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;104,688&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Iceland&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;North Atlantic&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;102,999&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Mindanao&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;West mid-Pacific&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;94,226&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Ireland&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;West of Great Britain&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;82,460&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Hokkaido&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Sea of Japan-Pacific&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;77,900&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Hispaniola&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Caribbean Sea&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;76,192&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Tasmania&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;South of Australia&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;67,900&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;25%&quot;&gt;Sri Lanka (Ceylon)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Indian Ocean&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;65,600&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Sakhalin (Karafuto)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;North of Japan&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;63,610&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Banks&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Artic Ocean&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;60,166&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Devon&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Artic Ocean&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;54,030&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Kyushu&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Sea of Japan-Pacific&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;42,018&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Melville&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Artic Ocean&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;41,805&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Axel Heriberg&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Artic Ocean&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;40,868&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Southampton&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Hudson bay&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;40,663&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/feeds/6037628410713599338/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/03/islands-of-world.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/6037628410713599338'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/6037628410713599338'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/03/islands-of-world.html' title='Islands of the World'/><author><name>Anil</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03335276039831146351</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwulaeE6G438M3eWbwHZcVC-MMxoy1G9dtoyxXp3ih02LxDrFONyJtvejMyKPkE4GZbUNpBAXJ9wQgjhfTznfQ-LsYyzAkLrJWdbP3ADikS-nEWSZzZq8fdslavp2mrIk/s220/ATT896222.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4306388150004517256.post-6369376192197527715</id><published>2009-03-24T09:33:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-24T09:38:07.395-07:00</updated><title type='text'>General Awarenes</title><content type='html'>&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                                 &lt;/tr&gt;                                 &lt;tr&gt;                                    &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;javascript:displayAns(sp1)&quot;&gt;Synthetic Rubber:&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                                 &lt;/tr&gt;                                 &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;                                    &lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;                                 &lt;/tr&gt;                                 &lt;tr&gt;                                    &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;sp1&quot; style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;Synthetic                                        rubber made of certain kinds of hydrocarbons.                                        Of these butadiene is the most important.                                        These hydrocarbons are obtained from coal,                                        crude petroleum and alcohol. By the end                                        of the Second World War, the combined production                                        of synthetic rubber by Synthetic rubber                                        is more oil resistant than natural rubber.                                        In the international market, natural rubber                                        is facing severe competition from synthetic                                        rubber.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                                 &lt;/tr&gt;                               &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                           &lt;/tr&gt;                           &lt;tr&gt;                              &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;  &lt;/td&gt;                           &lt;/tr&gt;                           &lt;tr&gt;                              &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;                                 &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;                                    &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;javascript:displayAns(sp2)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt; ‘Grand Slam’ mean:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                                 &lt;/tr&gt;                                 &lt;tr&gt;                                    &lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;                                 &lt;/tr&gt;                                 &lt;tr&gt;                                    &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;sp2&quot; style=&quot;&quot;&gt;Grand                                        Slam is a sports term pertaining to a group                                        of matches, Championships etc. in a particular                                        sports and the winning of all these matches.                                        The best known Grand Slams are those in                                        Tennis [the Australian Open, the French                                        Open, the British Open, the French Open,                                        Wimbledon, and the US Open], Golf [the US                                        Open, the British Open, the Masters, and                                        the PGA], and Rugby Union [victories against                                        all opposition in the competition between                                        England Wales, France, Ireland and Scotland].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                                 &lt;/tr&gt;                               &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                           &lt;/tr&gt;                           &lt;tr&gt;                              &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;                           &lt;/tr&gt;                           &lt;tr&gt;                              &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;                                 &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;                                    &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;javascript:displayAns(sp3)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;Oxygen discovered by: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                                 &lt;/tr&gt;                                 &lt;tr&gt;                                    &lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;                                 &lt;/tr&gt;                                 &lt;tr&gt;                                    &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;sp3&quot; style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;Joseph                                        Priestly discovered oxygen, the colorless,                                        odorless, gaseous chemical element forming                                        about 20 percent of the Earth’s atmosphere                                        in 1774.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                                 &lt;/tr&gt;                               &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                           &lt;/tr&gt;                           &lt;tr&gt;                              &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;                           &lt;/tr&gt;                           &lt;tr&gt;                              &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;                                 &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;                                    &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;javascript:displayAns(sp4)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt; Stethoscope was inventedby and in the year:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                                 &lt;/tr&gt;                                 &lt;tr&gt;                                    &lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;                                 &lt;/tr&gt;                                 &lt;tr&gt;                                    &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;sp4&quot; style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;In                                        1816, the French physician Rene Theoplhie                                        Laennec (1781-1826) introduced a perforated                                        wooden cylinder which concentrated the sounds                                        of air flowing in and out of the lungs,                                        and described the sound which it revealed.                                        The modern form of stethoscope, with flexible                                        tubes connecting the earpieces to a circular                                        piece placed against the chest, was developed                                        later in the nineteenth century.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;                                      &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                                 &lt;/tr&gt;                               &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                           &lt;/tr&gt;                           &lt;tr&gt;                              &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;                           &lt;/tr&gt;                           &lt;tr&gt;                              &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;                                 &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;                                    &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;javascript:displayAns(sp5)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;                                      &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;Brain death?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                                     &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                                 &lt;/tr&gt;                                 &lt;tr&gt;                                    &lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;                                 &lt;/tr&gt;                                 &lt;tr&gt;                                    &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;sp5&quot; style=&quot;&quot;&gt;                                        &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;Brain death                                        means the irreversible brain damage causing                                        the end of independent.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                                 &lt;/tr&gt;                               &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                           &lt;/tr&gt;                           &lt;tr&gt;                              &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;                           &lt;/tr&gt;                           &lt;tr&gt;                              &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;                                 &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;                                    &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;javascript:displayAns(sp6)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;Leading producer of                                      mica Producing country :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                                 &lt;/tr&gt;                                 &lt;tr&gt;                                    &lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;                                 &lt;/tr&gt;                                 &lt;tr&gt;                                    &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;sp6&quot; style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;India                                        is the world’s leading producer of                                        sheet mica and accounts for about 60 percent                                        of global mica trade. Important mica bearing                                        pegmatite occurs in Andhra Pradesh, Bihar,                                        Gujarat, Hariyana, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra,                                        Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal.                                        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                                 &lt;/tr&gt;                               &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                           &lt;/tr&gt;                           &lt;tr&gt;                              &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;                           &lt;/tr&gt;                           &lt;tr&gt;                              &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;                                 &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;                                    &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;javascript:displayAns(sp7)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;                                       &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;Japan is called “The Land of the                                      Rising Sun”?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                                 &lt;/tr&gt;                                 &lt;tr&gt;                                    &lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;                                 &lt;/tr&gt;                                 &lt;tr&gt;                                    &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;sp7&quot; style=&quot;&quot;&gt;                                        &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;The                                        little of “The Land of the Rising                                        Sun” is a form of Japan’s indigenous                                        name of Nippon, which literally means “sun                                        origin”. The allusion is to the geographical                                        location of Japan with regard to China.                                        The Japanese flag shows the sun’s                                        red on a white background.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;                                      &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                                 &lt;/tr&gt;                               &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                           &lt;/tr&gt;                           &lt;tr&gt;                              &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;                           &lt;/tr&gt;                           &lt;tr&gt;                              &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;                                 &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;                                    &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;javascript:displayAns(sp8)&quot;&gt;                                      &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;                                      &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;The largest temple in the world?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                                     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                                 &lt;/tr&gt;                                 &lt;tr&gt;                                    &lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;                                 &lt;/tr&gt;                                 &lt;tr&gt;                                    &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt; &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;sp8&quot; style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;According                                        to the Guinness Book of Records 1999, Angkor                                        Wat (“City Temple”) in Cambodia                                        is the largest religious structure ever                                        built, covering an area of 402 acres. The                                        entire temple complex has a total area of                                        15 by 5 miles and consists of 72 major monuments,                                        the construction of which began in AD 900.&lt;/span&gt;                                        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/feeds/6369376192197527715/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/03/general-awarenes.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/6369376192197527715'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/6369376192197527715'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/03/general-awarenes.html' title='General Awarenes'/><author><name>Anil</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03335276039831146351</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwulaeE6G438M3eWbwHZcVC-MMxoy1G9dtoyxXp3ih02LxDrFONyJtvejMyKPkE4GZbUNpBAXJ9wQgjhfTznfQ-LsYyzAkLrJWdbP3ADikS-nEWSZzZq8fdslavp2mrIk/s220/ATT896222.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4306388150004517256.post-602783472069891200</id><published>2009-03-23T06:22:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-23T06:24:24.970-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Countries with Industries</title><content type='html'>&lt;h1 align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;Chief Industries of the Countries&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Country&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Industries&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Afghanistan&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;80%&quot;&gt;Dry and fresh fruits, wool carpets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Australia&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Wool, dairy products, meat&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Austria&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;80%&quot;&gt;Textile, leather goods, electro-technical machines&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Brazil&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Foot wear, coffee, iron ore&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Belgium&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;80%&quot;&gt;Glass, textiles, transport equipment&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Canada&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Newsprint, machinery&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Chile&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;80%&quot;&gt;Copper, iron ore&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Congo&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Oil, tobacco, plywood&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Cuba&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;80%&quot;&gt;Sugar, tobacco, textiles, chemicals&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Denmark&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Fur,farm products&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;France&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;80%&quot;&gt;Textile, wine, silk, iron and steel products&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Germany&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Machinery, chemicals, iron and steel products&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Ghana&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;80%&quot;&gt;Cocoa, gold, coffee&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;India&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Jute, textile, sugar, hides and skins, tobacco, tea, cement, mica&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Indonesia&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;80%&quot;&gt;Sugar, spices, rubber, rice, petroleum, carpets, leather&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Iran&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Petroleum, carpets, dry fruits&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Iraq&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;80%&quot;&gt;Dates, Petroleum&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Italy&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Mercury, textiles, foodstuffs, footwear&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Japan&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;80%&quot;&gt;Machinery, textiles, toys, silk, automobiles, electronic goods&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Kenya&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Coffee, tea, meat, sisal, hides, skins, cement, soda ash&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Kuwait&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;80%&quot;&gt;Petroleum, Shrimp&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Malaysia&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Rubber, tin, timber, petroleum&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Netherlands&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;80%&quot;&gt;Machinery, natural gas, chemicals&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Saudi Arabia&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Oil, dates, petroleum and its products&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Spain&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;80%&quot;&gt;Lead, fresh fruits, textiles&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Sweden&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Matches, timber, iron ore&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Switzerland&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;80%&quot;&gt;Watches, chemicals, electrical&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Taiwan&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Camphor, rice&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;UK&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;80%&quot;&gt;Textiles, medicines, machinery   cars&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Petroleum, wheat, machinery, coal, automobiles, iron, grains&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Russia&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;80%&quot;&gt;Petroleum, wheat, chemicals, heavy machinery, iron, gold&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;Vietnam&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td width=&quot;60%&quot;&gt;Tin, rice, rubber, teak, mineral ores&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/feeds/602783472069891200/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/03/countries-with-industries.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/602783472069891200'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/602783472069891200'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/03/countries-with-industries.html' title='Countries with Industries'/><author><name>Anil</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03335276039831146351</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwulaeE6G438M3eWbwHZcVC-MMxoy1G9dtoyxXp3ih02LxDrFONyJtvejMyKPkE4GZbUNpBAXJ9wQgjhfTznfQ-LsYyzAkLrJWdbP3ADikS-nEWSZzZq8fdslavp2mrIk/s220/ATT896222.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4306388150004517256.post-2435642475129436514</id><published>2009-03-23T06:20:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-23T06:21:27.649-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Noise Scale</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;Sounds are tiny vibrations that can travel through air and other materials. The loudness of a sound is measured in decibels (db). Typical sound levels in decibels:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Note:&lt;/strong&gt; 130 db causes damage to hearing.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Breathing&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;10 db&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Wind in the trees&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;20 db&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Whisper&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;20-30 db&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;4&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Ticking Clock&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;30 db&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;House in a quiet street&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;35 db&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;6&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Radio Music&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;50-60 db&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;7&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Loud Conversation&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;60 db&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Office Noise&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;60 db&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;9&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Children Playing&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;60-80 db&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;10&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Lawn mower&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;60-80 db&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;11&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Vacuum cleaner&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;80 db&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;12&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Traffic Noise&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;60-90 db&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;13&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Sports Car&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;80-95 db&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;14&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Heavy truck traffic&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;90-100 db&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;15&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Loud Radio&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;100 db&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;16&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Motor Cycle&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;105 db&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;17&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Pneumatic drill&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;110 db&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;18&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Thunder storm&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;110 db&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;19&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Rock Music&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;120 db&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;20&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Aircraft Noise&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;90-120 db&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;21&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Jet takeoff(at 100 meter distance)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;120 db&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;22&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Jet Engine(at 25 meter distance)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;140 db&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;23&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Space Vehicle launch (from a short distance)&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;140-170 db&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/feeds/2435642475129436514/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/03/noise-scale.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/2435642475129436514'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/2435642475129436514'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/03/noise-scale.html' title='Noise Scale'/><author><name>Anil</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03335276039831146351</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwulaeE6G438M3eWbwHZcVC-MMxoy1G9dtoyxXp3ih02LxDrFONyJtvejMyKPkE4GZbUNpBAXJ9wQgjhfTznfQ-LsYyzAkLrJWdbP3ADikS-nEWSZzZq8fdslavp2mrIk/s220/ATT896222.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4306388150004517256.post-5051191787297650587</id><published>2009-03-22T03:04:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-22T03:05:51.017-07:00</updated><title type='text'>FAMOUS TOWNS in WORLD</title><content type='html'>&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Famous For&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;No 10, Downing Street&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; Official residence of the British Prime Minister.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; Abadan(Iran)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; Famous for oil refinery&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; Alaska (U.S.A.)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; In 1958 it was declared as 49th State of U.S.A. It is near Canada&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; Alexandria&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;City and sea-port of Egypt, founded by Alexander the Great. Handles about 80% of the  country&#39;s exports.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Angkor Wat&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; Ruined temple in Cambodia.  Signposts of ancient oriental civilisation.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Aswam Dam&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; A dam in Egypt across the River Nile.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; Baku&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Oilfields of Azerbaijan.&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; Bastille&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;It was a Jail in Paris. Destroyed during the French Revolution.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; Beding (Australia)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Famous for gold mines.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; Bethlehem&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;A town Palestine, the birth place of Christ.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Bikini Atoll&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; In Pacific Ocean, where first hydrogen bomb was tested by U.S.A.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; Bikini&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;An atoll of the Marshall Islands. Atomb Bomb was dropped here experimentally in 1948.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Bratislava&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; A town in Czechoslovakia on Czech-Russian border.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Buckingham Palace&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; London residence of the British monarch.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Chushul&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; In Ladakh, highest airfield in the world. Chinese troops attacked it in 1962.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Corsica&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; An island where Napoleon was born.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; Detroit (U.S.A)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;The biggest car manufacturing town in the world.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Elephanta Caves (India) &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; Situated in an island 15 miles from Bombay. Famous for the statues of Siva and Parvati.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Fleet Street&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; Press Center in London.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Gaza Strip&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; In Egypt near Israeli border, was seat of United nations Emergency Force till 1957. Now under Israeli occupation.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; Gibraltar&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Key to Mediterranean, fortress and novel base situated on rock in the extreme South of Spain.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Golden Temple (India) &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; Famous temple of the Sikhs at Amritsar,   constructed by Guru Ram Dass.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; Hiroshima&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;An industrial center of Japan which was destroyed by atom bomb in 1945.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; Hollywood (California. U.S.A.)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; Famous for film industry&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Hyde Park&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; A huge park in London.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;        Jerusalem&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;City in Israel. Jesus Christ was crucified here (now capital of Israel)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Khajuraho &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; It is the State of chattarpur, Bundelkhand in Madhya Pradesh.  It is famous for  Mahadev Temple.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; Khorkov&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Important town of Ukraine, manufactures motor cars, tractors  and agricultural machinery.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Lop Nor&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; Palace in Sinkiang (Red China), site for atomic tests.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; Los Angeles A part of California (U.S.A.)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;The famous film industry of Hollywood is established here. It is famous as Cinima City of the world.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Lusaka&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; Venue of non-aligned nations summit in September 1970. Capital of Zambia.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; Manchester (U.K.)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Cotton manufacturing city. It is one of the world&#39;s biggest cloth manufacturing center.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; Marseilles&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;City and Seaport of Southern France. Famous for silk, wine, olive soap, margarine and candles.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;  Mecca (Saudi Arabia)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Sacred place of the Muslims because Prophet Mohammed was born here.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; Montreal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Longest city of Canada. Famous for iron and steel works and motor car factories.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; Nagasaki (Japan)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;It is noted for its iron and steel industries. Atom was dropped here during World War II.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; New Castle&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;An important port on the Tyne in England, famous for coal industry.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; New Orleans (U.S.A.)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;It is the greatest cotton and wheat exporting     center in the world.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; Osaka (Japan)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Known as the Manchester of Japan. It is sometimes called the Venice of Japan.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;     &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; Pisa&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;In Italy, famous for Leaning Tower, one of the seven wonders of the world.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Pentagon&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; Headquarters of American Defence Forces.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Phnom-Penh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; Capital of Cambodia.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Plais Des Nations&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; Venue in Geneva for holding   international conferences.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Potala&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; Dalai Lama&#39;s palace at Lhasa (Tibet).&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Sinai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; Peninsula of Egypt between the Gulfs of Suez and Aquba, at the head of Red Sea.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; Seychelles&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Island in Indian Ocean, got freedom on June 28, 1976.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Sodom&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; In Israel, the lowest point on earth.  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Vatican&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; Official residence of the Pope of Rome.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; Versaillers (France)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Famous for the treaty of Versailles which ended World  War I in 1918.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Vienna&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; Capital of Austria. The venue of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) between Russia and U.S.A.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Walling Wall&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; Part of the Western Wall of the Temple Court in Jerusalem.  Part of the wall, probably dates from the time of Solomon, is regarded by both Jews and Moslems as one of special sanctity.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Wall Street&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; In Manhattan, New York, famous for American&#39;s stock   exchange market.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;White House&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; The official residence of the President of U.S.A. in Washington D.C.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; Zurich (Switzerland)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Famous for the manufacture of cotton and silk and for its lenses.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/feeds/5051191787297650587/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/03/famous-towns-in-world.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/5051191787297650587'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/5051191787297650587'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/03/famous-towns-in-world.html' title='FAMOUS TOWNS in WORLD'/><author><name>Anil</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03335276039831146351</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwulaeE6G438M3eWbwHZcVC-MMxoy1G9dtoyxXp3ih02LxDrFONyJtvejMyKPkE4GZbUNpBAXJ9wQgjhfTznfQ-LsYyzAkLrJWdbP3ADikS-nEWSZzZq8fdslavp2mrIk/s220/ATT896222.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4306388150004517256.post-9163963410040594697</id><published>2009-03-22T02:59:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-22T03:00:46.367-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Splendoured Heritage - India</title><content type='html'>&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;Ajanta Caves, Maharashtra&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; Rock-cut caves set deep in the Sahyadri hills.  It has a large relief depicting the death of the Buddha lying on the bed.  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Badrinath, Utter Pradesh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Dedicated to Lord Vishnu.  One of the four pilgrimage spots for Hindus. &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Basilica of  Bom Jesus, Velha, Goa (17th Century)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; The church houses the mortal remains of St.Francis Xavier. &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Bahai House of Worship, Delhi&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; The lotus-shaped marvel in marble is referred to as the Taj Mahal of the 21st century.  Completed in &#39;86. &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Buland Darwaza, Fatehpur Sikri&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;At 53.5 m., it is the highest gateway in India.  Built by Akbar to commemorate his conquest of Khandesh in Gujarat. &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Chartminar, Hyderabad (1591)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;A majestic monument of four minarets, to commemorate the cessation of plague in the city, according to the chronicles. &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Dakshineshwar Temple, Calcutta (1855)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Built by a Widow-devotee, Rani Rashmoni. &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Diwara Temples, Mount Abu&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; A Jain pilgrimage center.  There are two shrine : Adinath Temple (1031) and   Nominate Temple (1230) &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Elehanta Caves, Maharastra (634)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; Situated on an island, Believed to be built by Pulakesini II of the Chalukya kingdom. Exquisite carvings depicting the myths of Shiva. &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Gateway of India, Bombay&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; A triumphal arch built to commemorate visit of   King George V and Queen Mary in 1911.  It is 26 feet tall. &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Golden Temple, Amritsar (1577)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; Holiest Sikh Shrine.  Part of the exterior is gilded with gold   leaf. The Hari mandir is in the midst of a pool.  Guru Granth Sahib, the holy book of the Sikhs. is enshrined inside. &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Gol Gumbaz, Bijapur (17th Century)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; Its dome is the second largest in the world.  The whispering   Gallery within is so called because even the gentlest whisper echoes across its great length. &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Hawa Mahal, (Palace of Winds) Jaipur (18th Century)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; The five storied   facade of 953 windows was built for the women of the harem to look out without being seen themselves.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Humayun&#39;s Tomb, Delhi (1565)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;By the side of Mathura road, to the east of Hazarat Nizamu-ddin&#39;s shrine, this memorial was build by Humayun&#39;s senior widow (Haji Hamida Begum). &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Indian Gate, Delhi&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;A memorial to over 90,000 Indian soldiers who died in World War I. The names of 13,516 soldiers are inscribed on it. The arch rising to a height of 42 m. is surmounted by a stone bowl where since 1971 an eternal flame has been lit the Amar Jyothi - to honour the unknown soldier.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Jagannath Temple, Puri (12th Century)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; 65m tall.  Its conical pinnacle overlooks the landscape for miles around. &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Jama Masjid, Delhi&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; The largest mosque in Delhi, built during Shah Jahan&#39;s reign. It is situated just opposite the Red Fort. Over 20,000 people can gather here at a time to pray. &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Jantar Mantar, Delhi&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;The oldest observatory of its type, constructed by Maharaja Jai Singh II of Jaipur in 1725. It is dominated by a huge sundia. A similar observatory exists in Jaipur (Rajasthan). &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Jewish Synagogue, Cochin&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; Built in 1568.  The earliest surviving synagogue in India.  It has the Great Scrolls of the Old Testament. &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Kailash Temple, Ellora&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; Largest rock-cut shrine in India, 84m*47m. Carved our from the top of a hillock. Built during the reign of King Krishna I who ascended the throne in 760 AD.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Khajuraho Temple (11th Century)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; 22 temples known for their graceful contours and erotic sculptures. &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Lingaraja Temple, Bhubaneswar (11th Century)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;36.5m tall.  There is a triple tier of mouldings with numerous prestigious and sculpted niches.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Mahabodh Temple, Bodhgaya (7th Century)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; Erected to mark the spot of the Buddha&#39;s enlightenment.  The temple is a primodal tower 170ft. high,   crowned by a bell-like stupa. &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Meenakshi Sundareswar Temple, Madurai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;The gateway are among the most elaborately carved in South India.  Has about 30 million sculptures. &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Nalanda, Bihar (7th Century)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; Seat of learning in Cupta period, Hieun Tsang also studied here.  &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Qutab Minar, Delhi&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; Qutab Minar was built by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, the slave king in the 13th century as a victory tower. The 72.5m, five-story Minar of red sandstone has ornamental figure of Koranic inscriptions. In the center of its courtyard is an Iron Pillar erected by king Chandra Verman which has remained rest-free for more than 1500 years &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Rashtrapathi Bhawan, Delhi&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; The official residence of the President of India, set in 330 acres of land. Formerly Vceregal Palace. Over looks a beautiful Mughal garden. It has 340 rooms, 37 salons, 74 lobbies and loggias, 1km. of corridor, 18 staircases and 37 fountains.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Red Fort, Delhi&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; The citadel of the seventh Delhi, Shahjahanabad, it is over 2km. in circumference and has within its precincts several beautiful offices. But by Shah Jahan in 17th century. The seat of Mughal power in India until 1857.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Salim Chisti&#39;s Tomb, Fatehpur Sikri (1572)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; Built after Sufi saint Sheikh Salim Chisti&#39;s death.  Tomb venerated by both Hindu and Muslims. &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Sanchi Stupa, Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;The great hemisphere is 120 ft. in diameter, and covers the   relic of Gautama Buddha.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Se Cathedral, Velha, Goa (1652)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; The largest church in Asia, it has a 80m long aisle and 14 altars. Of its five bells, one is the famous Golden bell, one of the best in the world. &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Shatrunjaya Hill Temples, Palitana, Gujarat&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; The hill is crowned about a thousand   magnificent Jain temples, which are marble structures built over a period of 900 years. &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Somnath Temple, Gujarat&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Legendary temple believed built by &#39;Moon God&#39;. It treasures   ransacked by Mahmud Ghazni seven times.  It was also destroyed by Aladding Khilji and Aurangzeb,   and every time it was rebuilt. &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Sun Temple, Modhera, Gujarat (1026)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Built by a King Bhimdev I of Solanki Dybasty.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Surya Temple, Konark (13th Century)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; The sun temple of &#39;Black Pagoda&#39; conceived as a chariot of the sun god, Built by king Narasimha Dava I. &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Taj Mahal, Agra (1630 to 1648)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;One of the seven wonders of the world.  Built of white   marble by Emperor Shah Jahan to immortalize his beloved queen Mumtaz Mahal. &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;The Bada Imambara, Lucknow&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; Asia&#39;s largest vaulted hall. &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Vaishnodevi, Jammu&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;A cave shrine in Trikuta mountains, an important pilgrimage   center for Hindus. &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Victoria Memorial, Calcutta&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; A marble monument commemorating the empress Victoria. &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/feeds/9163963410040594697/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/03/splendoured-heritage-india.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/9163963410040594697'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4306388150004517256/posts/default/9163963410040594697'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gkforallcompetetiveexams.blogspot.com/2009/03/splendoured-heritage-india.html' title='Splendoured Heritage - India'/><author><name>Anil</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03335276039831146351</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwulaeE6G438M3eWbwHZcVC-MMxoy1G9dtoyxXp3ih02LxDrFONyJtvejMyKPkE4GZbUNpBAXJ9wQgjhfTznfQ-LsYyzAkLrJWdbP3ADikS-nEWSZzZq8fdslavp2mrIk/s220/ATT896222.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>

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