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The Conversation</category><category>nimitta</category><category>no-thought</category><category>nobility</category><category>nociceptin</category><category>noetic science</category><category>noir</category><category>noise pollution</category><category>nomadic peoples</category><category>nominalizations</category><category>nominations</category><category>non-coding RNAs</category><category>non-cognitive knowledge</category><category>non-linearity</category><category>non-local mind</category><category>non-locality</category><category>non-reactivity</category><category>nonconformity</category><category>nonhuman personhood</category><category>noosphere</category><category>normative ethics</category><category>normative failures</category><category>nostalgia</category><category>nothing</category><category>novelists</category><category>novelty</category><category>now</category><category>numinous</category><category>nurturing</category><category>nutriceuticals</category><category>nutritional 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theory</category><category>paywalls</category><category>peak experience</category><category>pedophiles</category><category>perceived</category><category>perceiver</category><category>perceptions</category><category>perceptive bias</category><category>perfect pitch</category><category>perfectionism</category><category>permaculture</category><category>permaculture design</category><category>persistent organic pollutants</category><category>person-centered</category><category>persona</category><category>personal intelligence</category><category>personal trainers</category><category>personal training</category><category>personal unconscious</category><category>personal work</category><category>personality psychology</category><category>personality structure</category><category>personality traits</category><category>personality types</category><category>persuasion</category><category>petition</category><category>petrochemicals</category><category>phantom limb</category><category>phase transitions</category><category>phenehtylamines</category><category>phenomenological contextualism</category><category>philanthropy</category><category>philosophical counseling</category><category>philosophy carnival</category><category>philosophy of language</category><category>philosphy</category><category>phobias</category><category>photons</category><category>physical activity</category><category>physical reality</category><category>physical space</category><category>physician</category><category>phytonutrients</category><category>pictures</category><category>pills</category><category>piracy</category><category>pissing wars</category><category>planets</category><category>playful</category><category>poetics</category><category>point of view</category><category>pointing out instructions</category><category>poisoning</category><category>police state</category><category>political beliefs</category><category>political correctness</category><category>political philosophy</category><category>poll</category><category>polyunsaturated fats</category><category>pop culture</category><category>pornography</category><category>positive change</category><category>positive environmentalism</category><category>positivism</category><category>post-Cartesian psychoanalysis</category><category>post-Cartesian. systems theory</category><category>post-Jungian</category><category>post-constitutional era</category><category>post-materialist</category><category>post-secular</category><category>postconventional</category><category>posterior cingulate cortex</category><category>posthumanity</category><category>potential</category><category>practical applications</category><category>practicality</category><category>pranks</category><category>pre-conscious</category><category>pre/trans 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neuroscience</category><category>psychopham</category><category>psychosocial function</category><category>psychosomatic medicine</category><category>public</category><category>public health</category><category>puppies</category><category>quackery</category><category>qualitative</category><category>quality of life</category><category>quantum biology</category><category>quantum fluctuations</category><category>quantum information</category><category>quantum technology</category><category>radical constructivism</category><category>rain forests</category><category>rants</category><category>raphe nucleus</category><category>rationalism</category><category>rationalization</category><category>rats</category><category>re-imagine</category><category>re-parenting</category><category>reaction time</category><category>reality models</category><category>realization</category><category>reasoning</category><category>recipes</category><category>reciprocity</category><category>recognition</category><category>reconciliation</category><category>reconnecting</category><category>recordings</category><category>recreation</category><category>recreational drugs</category><category>red meat</category><category>referents</category><category>reframing</category><category>refuge</category><category>rejection</category><category>relatedness</category><category>relational dynamic</category><category>relational mutuality</category><category>relational psychology</category><category>relational worldview</category><category>relationism</category><category>relationship quality</category><category>relevance</category><category>relief</category><category>religious</category><category>religious atheism</category><category>religious calling</category><category>religious studies</category><category>remorseless</category><category>reorganization</category><category>replication</category><category>representationalism</category><category>repression</category><category>repulsion</category><category>resilience thinking</category><category>resistance</category><category>resistance movements</category><category>resources</category><category>resting wakefulness</category><category>resting-state functional connectivity</category><category>restorative environments</category><category>retrospective</category><category>revenge</category><category>reverence</category><category>review article</category><category>revision</category><category>revolt</category><category>revolutionary</category><category>reward circuit</category><category>rewards</category><category>rewilding</category><category>rheumatoid arthritis</category><category>rheumatology</category><category>rich club network</category><category>ridicule</category><category>right-brain</category><category>risk assessment</category><category>risk engineering</category><category>rites of passage</category><category>ritual abuse</category><category>rituals</category><category>roadkill</category><category>rock art</category><category>rocks</category><category>romance</category><category>romanticism</category><category>roots music</category><category>rots music</category><category>roundtable</category><category>ruins</category><category>rumination</category><category>running</category><category>sacrifice</category><category>salience detecting</category><category>salons</category><category>sangha</category><category>sanity</category><category>sarcosine</category><category>satanism</category><category>saxophone</category><category>scams</category><category>scent</category><category>schema</category><category>schlock</category><category>scholarship</category><category>sci-fi</category><category>science writing</category><category>sciences</category><category>scientists</category><category>scientology</category><category>sclock</category><category>scrub jays</category><category>sculpture</category><category>search for truth</category><category>secession</category><category>secret societies</category><category>secrets</category><category>secular ethics</category><category>secular liberalism</category><category>secular sermon</category><category>secure attachment</category><category>seduction theory</category><category>seeking</category><category>sefl compassion</category><category>seizures</category><category>selection</category><category>self care</category><category>self control</category><category>self reflection</category><category>self therapy</category><category>self-actualization</category><category>self-critical</category><category>self-discovery</category><category>self-distancing</category><category>self-evaluation</category><category>self-fulfillment</category><category>self-gratification</category><category>self-hatred</category><category>self-identification</category><category>self-image</category><category>self-ing</category><category>self-injury</category><category>self-interest</category><category>self-localization</category><category>self-love</category><category>self-management</category><category>self-obsessed</category><category>self-organization</category><category>self-organized criticality</category><category>self-perfection</category><category>self-processing</category><category>self-reflexive</category><category>self-regulation</category><category>self-representation</category><category>self-talk</category><category>self-therapy</category><category>self-transforming</category><category>self-trolling</category><category>selfless behavior</category><category>seminars</category><category>sensation maps</category><category>sensitivity to context</category><category>sensorimotor model</category><category>sensory awareness</category><category>sensory data</category><category>sensory experience</category><category>sensory filter</category><category>sensory system</category><category>separation clause</category><category>serenity</category><category>sesshin</category><category>sex offenders</category><category>sex roles</category><category>sex slaves</category><category>sex trafficking</category><category>sexbots</category><category>sexual 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healer</category><category>wounding</category><category>year in review</category><category>young leaders</category><category>zero force evolutionary law</category><title>Integral Options Cafe</title><description>Offering multiple perspectives from many fields of human inquiry that may move all of us toward a more integrated understanding of who we are as conscious beings.</description><link>http://integral-options.blogspot.com/</link><managingEditor>noreply@blogger.com (william harryman)</managingEditor><generator>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>13297</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13617569.post-9162881536384169697</guid><pubDate>Fri, 18 Nov 2016 12:32:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2016-11-18T05:32:31.782-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">ethics</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">hobo</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">morality</category><title>15 Rules for Living a Self-Reliant, Honest &amp; Compassionate Life (The Hobo Ethical Code of 1899)</title><description>&lt;div class=&quot;tr_bq&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2. &lt;img height=&quot;640&quot; src=&quot;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Hobos2.jpg/800px-Hobos2.jpg&quot; width=&quot;447&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  4. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobo#/media/File:Hobos2.jpg&quot;&gt;image from Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  5. &lt;br /&gt;
  6. Who knew that &quot;hobos&quot; had such a powerful and perceptive ethic sense? &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobo&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; points to 1890 as the first known use of the word:&lt;br /&gt;
  7. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  8. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;A hobo is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migrant_worker&quot;&gt;migratory worker&lt;/a&gt; or homeless &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagrancy_(people)&quot;&gt;vagabond&lt;/a&gt;, especially one who is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty&quot;&gt;impoverished&lt;/a&gt;. The term originated in the Western—probably Northwestern—United States around 1890.&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobo#cite_note-oup-1&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt; Unlike a &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramp&quot;&gt;tramp&lt;/a&gt;&quot;, who works only when forced to, and a &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slacker&quot;&gt;bum&lt;/a&gt;&quot;, who does not work at all, a &quot;hobo&quot; is a traveling worker.&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobo#cite_note-oup-1&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobo#cite_note-ocandk-2&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  9. &lt;div&gt;
  10. &lt;/div&gt;
  11. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  12. According to a site called &lt;a href=&quot;http://brittiowa.com/events-attractions/hobo-days/&quot;&gt;Britt, Iowa&lt;/a&gt;, the original hobo convention was in 1899, not 1889. They still have a Hobo Days celebration in that town.&lt;br /&gt;
  13. &lt;br /&gt;
  14. At &lt;a href=&quot;http://brktrail.com/hobo_ethics/&quot;&gt;Brk Trail&lt;/a&gt;, there is this sobering statistic from Riding the Rails, about hobo life in the Great Depression:&lt;br /&gt;
  15. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  16. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Eighty-five per cent of the white youths said they were seeking work; for the African-Americans the percentage was even higher at 98 per cent. Fifty percent of the African-Americans had been unemployed for two years or longer. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;~ &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/rails/&quot;&gt;Riding the Rails&lt;/a&gt; by Errol Lincoln Uys&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  17. &lt;div&gt;
  18. To the point:&lt;br /&gt;
  19. &lt;br /&gt;
  20. Here is today&#39;s post from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.openculture.com/2016/11/the-hobo-ethical-code-of-1889.html&quot;&gt;Open Culture&lt;/a&gt; that outlines the 15 rules for living a quality life as a hobo. [&lt;b&gt;Editor&#39;s note: &lt;/b&gt;Jungle refers to an area off a railroad where hobos camp and congregate, so jungling is living in such a place.]&lt;br /&gt;
  21. &lt;br /&gt;
  22. These are good rules for all of us.&lt;br /&gt;
  23. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  24. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Who wants to be a billionaire?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  25. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  26. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;A few years ago, Forbes published author &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.forbes.com/sites/robertamatuson/#efa332d82168&quot;&gt;Roberta Chinsky Matuson&lt;/a&gt;’s sensible advice to businesspersons seeking to shoot up that golden ladder. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.forbes.com/sites/robertamatuson/2012/12/05/if-you-want-to-be-a-billionaire-start-acting-like-one/#3e0a869a3770&quot;&gt;These lawful tips&lt;/a&gt;espoused such familiar virtues as hard work and community involvement, and as such, were easily adaptable to the rabble—artists, teachers, anyone in the service industry or non-profit sector…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  27. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  28. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;It must pain her that so many billionaires have been behaving so badly of late. Let’s hope so, anyway.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  29. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  30. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;While there’s nothing inherently wrong with aspiring to amass lots of money, the next generation of billionaires are playing fast and loose with their souls if their primary role models are the ones dominating today’s headlines.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  31. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  32. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Wouldn’t it be grand if they looked instead to &lt;a href=&quot;http://brktrail.com/hobo_ethics/&quot;&gt;the Hobo Ethical Code&lt;/a&gt;, a serious standard of behavior established at the &lt;a href=&quot;http://brittiowa.com/events-attractions/hobo-days/&quot;&gt;Hobo National Convention&lt;/a&gt; of 1889.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  33. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  34. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Given the peripatetic lifestyle of these migratory workers, it was up to the individual to hold him or herself to this &lt;a href=&quot;http://chivalrytoday.com/knightly-virtues/&quot;&gt;knightly standard&lt;/a&gt;. Hoboes prided themselves on their self-reliance and honesty, as well as their compassion for their fellow humans.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  35. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  36. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;The environment and the most vulnerable members of our society stand to benefit if tomorrow’s billionaires take it to heart.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  37. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  38. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;The Hobo Ethical Code&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  39. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  40. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;1. Decide your own life; don’t let another person run or rule you.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  41. &lt;br /&gt;
  42. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;2. When in town, always respect the local law and officials, and try to be a gentleman at all times.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  43. &lt;br /&gt;
  44. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;3. Don’t take advantage of someone who is in a vulnerable situation, locals or other hobos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  45. &lt;br /&gt;
  46. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;4. Always try to find work, even if temporary, and always seek out jobs nobody wants. By doing so you not only help a business along, but ensure employment should you return to that town again.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  47. &lt;br /&gt;
  48. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;5. When no employment is available, make your own work by using your added talents at crafts.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  49. &lt;br /&gt;
  50. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;6. Do not allow yourself to become a stupid drunk and set a bad example for locals’ treatment of other hobos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  51. &lt;br /&gt;
  52. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;7. When jungling in town, respect handouts, do not wear them out, another hobo will be coming along who will need them as badly, if not worse than you.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  53. &lt;br /&gt;
  54. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;8. Always respect nature, do not leave garbage where you are jungling.&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  55. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  56. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;9. If in a community jungle, always pitch in and help.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  57. &lt;br /&gt;
  58. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;10. Try to stay clean, and boil up wherever possible.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  59. &lt;br /&gt;
  60. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;11. When traveling, ride your train respectfully, take no personal chances, cause no problems with the operating crew or host railroad, act like an extra crew member.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  61. &lt;br /&gt;
  62. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;12. Do not cause problems in a train yard, another hobo will be coming along who will need passage through that yard.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  63. &lt;br /&gt;
  64. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;13. Do not allow other hobos to molest children; expose all molesters to authorities…they are the worst garbage to infest any society.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  65. &lt;br /&gt;
  66. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;14. Help all runaway children, and try to induce them to return home.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  67. &lt;br /&gt;
  68. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;15. Help your fellow hobos whenever and wherever needed, you may need their help someday.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  69. &lt;br /&gt;
  70. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;References&lt;/b&gt; from the Wikipedia entry:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  71. &lt;br /&gt;
  72. 1.&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.oup.com/2008/11/hobo/&quot;&gt;&quot;On Hobos, Hautboys, and Other Beaus&quot;&lt;/a&gt;. OUPblog. Oxford University Press. November 12, 2008. Retrieved 2009-08-05.&lt;br /&gt;
  73. 2. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._L._Mencken&quot;&gt;Mencken, H.L.&lt;/a&gt; (1937). &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.grammarphobia.com/blog/2009/07/on-the-road-again.html&quot;&gt;&quot;On the road again&quot;&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_American_Language&quot;&gt;The American Language&lt;/a&gt; (4th ed.). grammarphobia.com (July 25, 2009). &lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20120505031550/http://www.grammarphobia.com/blog/2009/07/on-the-road-again.html&quot;&gt;Archived&lt;/a&gt;from the original on 2012-05-05. Retrieved 2013-05-06.&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  74. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
  75. </description><link>http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2016/11/15-rules-for-living-self-reliant-honest.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (william harryman)</author><thr:total>1</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13617569.post-5311765548781297569</guid><pubDate>Fri, 11 Nov 2016 16:34:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2016-11-11T09:34:01.298-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">2016 presidential election</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">corruption</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Politics</category><title>How Clinton Lost, by the Numbers, and More</title><description>&lt;div class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  76. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  77. &lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/TOGIbcP.jpg&quot; width=&quot;560&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  78. &lt;/div&gt;
  79. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  80. &lt;a href=&quot;http://imgur.com/TOGIbcP&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Image source&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  81. &lt;br /&gt;
  82. In order to understand how Trump became president, it is helpful to look at the actual numbers. The following statistics are taken from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.electproject.org/home/voter-turnout/voter-turnout-data&quot;&gt;United States Election Project&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
  83. &lt;br /&gt;
  84. &lt;b&gt;Voting Eligible Population&lt;/b&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;b&gt;:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  85. 2008: 213,313,508&lt;br /&gt;
  86. 2012:&amp;nbsp;222,474,111&lt;br /&gt;
  87. 2016:&amp;nbsp;231,556,622&lt;br /&gt;
  88. &lt;br /&gt;
  89. &lt;sup&gt;1.&lt;/sup&gt; As distinguished from Voting Age Population, which is a much higher number.&lt;br /&gt;
  90. &lt;br /&gt;
  91. &lt;b&gt;Votes cast for highest office&lt;/b&gt; (nearly always less than votes cast)&lt;b&gt;:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  92. 2008:&amp;nbsp;131,304,731 (61.6% turnout)&lt;br /&gt;
  93. 2012:&amp;nbsp;129,070,906 (57.9% turnout)&lt;br /&gt;
  94. 2016: 119,500,978 (53.1% turnout)&lt;br /&gt;
  95. &lt;br /&gt;
  96. It&#39;s important to note how voter turnout has declined since 2008 when the excitement for &quot;Hope and Change&quot; was fueling one of the highest turnouts (by percentage) in the last couple decades. Turnout this time was pathetic--seemingly representing the unfavorable ratings of both candidates (Clinton 59% and Trump 60% as of &lt;a href=&quot;http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2016/08/31/poll-shows-clintons-unfavorable-rating-nearly-matching-trumps/&quot;&gt;August 31, &lt;i&gt;WSJ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;
  97. &lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  98. &lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;Votes Won:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  99. 2008: Obama: &lt;b&gt;69,498,516&lt;/b&gt; (52.9%)&lt;br /&gt;
  100. 2012: Obama: &lt;b&gt;65,915,795&lt;/b&gt; (51.1%&lt;br /&gt;
  101. 2016: Clinton: &lt;b&gt;59,861,516&lt;/b&gt; (47.7%)&lt;br /&gt;
  102. &lt;br /&gt;
  103. 2008: McCain: 59,948,323 (45.7%)&lt;br /&gt;
  104. 2012: Romney: 60,933,504 (47.2%)&lt;br /&gt;
  105. 2016: Trump: 59,639,462 (47.5%)&lt;br /&gt;
  106. &lt;br /&gt;
  107. In all three elections, the Democratic candidate took the majority of the vote--yet, this year, Clinton lost the Electoral College, echoing 2000 when Al Gore beat George W. Bush in votes and still lost the Electoral College. According to Derek Thompson at &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/11/who-we-are/507275/&quot;&gt;The Atlantic&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;
  108. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  109. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Donald Trump won the electoral vote due to a margin of about 100,000 votes spread across Wisconsin, Michigan, and Pennsylvania. This critical difference represents about 0.04 percent of registered voters, a statistical speck. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  110. &lt;div&gt;
  111. The real issue is that voters did not support Hillary Clinton as they had Obama. Trump received fewer votes than either McCain or Romney and still managed to win the Electoral College because Clinton, although receiving more votes than Trump, received a whopping &lt;b&gt;6 million fewer votes in 2016&lt;/b&gt; than Obama received in 2012, and nearly 10 million fewer votes than Obama received in 2008.&lt;/div&gt;
  112. &lt;div&gt;
  113. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  114. &lt;div&gt;
  115. This would seem to indicate that the most liberal or progressive voters, who long proclaimed their refusal to vote for Clinton, kept their word and stayed home (or voted 3rd party).&lt;/div&gt;
  116. &lt;div&gt;
  117. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  118. &lt;div&gt;
  119. &lt;b&gt;Third Party Role&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  120. &lt;div&gt;
  121. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  122. &lt;div&gt;
  123. Many had hoped this might be the year of the 3rd party candidate, especially in the spring. But the final numbers reflect an essential binary system in this country: Libertarian Party candidate Gary Johnson won 3% of the vote and Green Party candidate Jill Stein took 1% (both of these are considerably, however, from 2012, when Johnson received 0.9% percent of the vote and Stein took 0.3% percent). Overall, roughly 5 million people cast votes for third party candidates this year.&lt;/div&gt;
  124. &lt;div&gt;
  125. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  126. &lt;div&gt;
  127. In Florida, with 29 Electoral College votes, Trump bested Clinton by nearly 129,000 votes in the state, while Johnson and Stein took home more than 268,000 votes between them. Winning Florida would not have been the difference-maker for Clinton, but this outcome was likely repeated in many swing states. There are echoes of the 2000 election that Al Gore lost (also winning the popular vote but losing the electoral college), when Ralph Nader (Green Party) won nearly 100,000 votes in Florida while Democrat Al Gore lost the state by just 537 votes--that was the difference maker in that election.&lt;/div&gt;
  128. &lt;div&gt;
  129. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  130. Here are the six states won by Trump where the 3rd party vote could have shaped the outcome (from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://reason.com/blog/2016/11/09/where-the-third-party-candidates-were-st&quot;&gt;Hit and Run Blog at Reason.com&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;br /&gt;
  131. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  132. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Arizona:&lt;/b&gt; Trump beat Clinton by four points; Johnson and Stein between them collected 5 percent. But most of that went to Johnson (3.8 percent), so it&#39;s unclear whether Trump or Clinton was hurt more by the other options on the ballot.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  133. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  134. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Florida:&lt;/b&gt; Trump eked out a win by just 1.4 percent here. Johnson, Stein, Castle, and Rocky De La Fuente of the Reform Party between them collected 3.2 percent. Enough to cover the spread, but how many of those votes would have otherwise gone to Clinton? Stein got only .7 percent.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  135. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  136. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Michigan:&lt;/b&gt; Trump won this ordinarily blue state by about .3 percent, and Stein got 1.1 percent, so Democrats who feel all Green votes are rightfully theirs are going to be seething at her over this one. Meanwhile, Johnson got 3.6 percent.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  137. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  138. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pennsylvania:&lt;/b&gt; Trump won by about 1.1 percent. Stein&#39;s .8 percent isn&#39;t enough to cover that spread; Johnson&#39;s 2.4 percent is, but again we don&#39;t know whether he was drawing more from Trump or Clinton.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  139. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  140. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Utah:&lt;/b&gt; Trump beat Clinton here by about 17 percent. Sounds like a pretty big victory, but it&#39;s still less than McMullin&#39;s 20.9 percent. In this case you could make the case that &lt;a href=&quot;http://reason.com/blog/2016/10/31/where-hillary-clinton-is-the-spoiler-can&quot;&gt;the real spoiler was Clinton&lt;/a&gt;: If she weren&#39;t on the ballot, nearly all of her supporters surely would have preferred McMullin to Trump, perhaps allowing the independent to deny the Republican six electoral votes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  141. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  142. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Wisconsin:&lt;/b&gt; Here, on the other hand, Stein&#39;s 1.1 percent is just enough to bridge the 1-percent margin between the winning Trump and the losing Clinton. But then what does Johnson&#39;s 3.4 percent do to the results—or, for that matter, the nearly half a percentage point that Castle won while running to Trump&#39;s right?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  143. It seems that between Florida, Michigan, and Wisconsin, the 3rd party votes could have swayed the election in Trump&#39;s favor. But that seems less than genuine.&lt;br /&gt;
  144. &lt;br /&gt;
  145. Clinton could not garner anywhere near the enthusiasm among liberals and progressives that Obama generated, and add that to her image (even among Democrats) as a liar who is both greedy and disingenuous about it, and she shot herself in the knee. Or rather, she shot her own party in the knee, and perhaps again in the groin and the chest for good measure. Because, in her mind, &lt;b&gt;IT WAS MY TURN, DAMN IT!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  146. &lt;br /&gt;
  147. &lt;b&gt;Where Do Democrats Go from Here?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  148. &lt;br /&gt;
  149. As a progressive and not a Democrat (I have no party loyalty--my vote is based on values choices), the biggest thing that cost the Dems the White House is Clinton&#39;s insistence that it is her turn, which began when she lost to Obama in 2008, upsetting her plans and forcing her to wait. So she waited, and over the next 8 years she locked the party down to the point that only Bernie Sanders and Martin O&#39;Malley (who never was relevant) dared challenge her.&lt;br /&gt;
  150. &lt;br /&gt;
  151. The Democratic National Committee (DNC), as &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Committee_email_leak#Bernie_Sanders.27_campaign&quot;&gt;Wikileaks&lt;/a&gt; as shown, was in Clinton&#39;s pocket to the point that DNC leaders were handpicked by Clinton, first &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debbie_Wasserman_Schultz&quot;&gt;Debbie Wasserman Schultz&lt;/a&gt; (who was later forced to resign), and then&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donna_Brazile&quot;&gt;Donna Brazile&lt;/a&gt; (as interim-director of the DNC).&lt;br /&gt;
  152. &lt;br /&gt;
  153. Wasserman Schultz was running the DNC when it cut off Sanders&#39; access to the DNC voter database for a supposed access violation by the Sanders campaign. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/18/politics/bernie-sanders-campaign-dnc-suspension/&quot;&gt;Sanders sued&lt;/a&gt; and was quickly allowed full access once again. However, emails made public by Wikileaks show that the DNC (which was in full support of Clinton) was also &lt;a href=&quot;http://heavy.com/news/2016/07/wikileaks-emails-clinton-bernie-list-directory-photos-most-damaging-worst-rhode-island-delegate-fec-jvf/4/&quot;&gt;gathering info about Sanders voters&lt;/a&gt; for their database. Hmmmm....&lt;br /&gt;
  154. &lt;br /&gt;
  155. Later, it was Brazile, while still working for CNN, who&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/erik-wemple/wp/2016/10/11/then-cnn-contributor-donna-brazile-to-clinton-camp-sometimes-i-get-the-questions-in-advance/&quot;&gt;provided debate questions in advance&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(see &lt;a href=&quot;https://wikileaks.org/podesta-emails/emailid/57027&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://wikileaks.org/podesta-emails/emailid/38478&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;) when Clinton faced off with Sanders.&lt;br /&gt;
  156. &lt;br /&gt;
  157. What would have happened if the system had been fair? It is quite possible, with the youth vote supporting him, Sanders would have defeated Clinton just as Obama had in 2008. But Clinton had learned her lesson, there was no way she was not going to control EVERY detail of the primary election so that she came out on top.&lt;br /&gt;
  158. &lt;br /&gt;
  159. You can search by topic for specific emails on this at &lt;a href=&quot;http://heavy.com/news/2016/07/wikileaks-emails-clinton-bernie-list-directory-photos-most-damaging-worst-rhode-island-delegate-fec-jvf/&quot;&gt;The Heavy&lt;/a&gt;. You can read ALL of the DNC emails made public &lt;a href=&quot;https://wikileaks.org/dnc-emails/&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; (July, 2016) and &lt;a href=&quot;https://wikileaks.org/podesta-emails/&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; (Podesta).&lt;br /&gt;
  160. &lt;br /&gt;
  161. &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/presidential-election-donald-trump-would-have-lost-if-bernie-sanders-had-been-the-candidate-a7406346.html&quot;&gt;The Independent&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (UK) makes a strong case that Sanders would have defeated Trump in a head to head match. The numbers from polls taken in the spring support that conjecture. For example:&lt;br /&gt;
  162. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  163. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;A poll by NBC News-Wall Street Journal on May 15 said Ms Clinton would beat Mr Trump by three points, but said Mr &lt;b&gt;Sanders would win by 15 points&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  164. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  165. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;A CBS News-New York Times on May 3 gave Ms Clinton a six-point advantage over Mr Trump, but said Mr &lt;b&gt;Sanders would win by 13 points&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  166. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  167. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;At the same time, Fox News said Ms Clinton would lose to Mr Trump by three points, but said Mr &lt;b&gt;Sanders would win by four&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  168. Emphasis added.&lt;br /&gt;
  169. &lt;br /&gt;
  170. Ah, what might have been. Instead, we have at least four years of the most hateful, divisive president in my lifetime. If we thought George W. Bush was bad, we will soon be looking back at Bush as the &quot;good old days.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  171. &lt;br /&gt;
  172. If there is one lesson the Democrats can learn from the fiasco that was the Clinton campaign, it is to listen to the voters. The GOP did that (against the wishes of the establishment) and they won the White House. Will the Dems learn from this disaster? If history is any proof, likely not.&lt;br /&gt;
  173. &lt;br /&gt;</description><link>http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2016/11/how-clinton-lost-by-numbers-and-more.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (william harryman)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13617569.post-2183970988880011870</guid><pubDate>Thu, 10 Nov 2016 19:54:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2016-11-10T12:54:41.553-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">future</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Politics</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">progressives</category><title>&quot;It&#39;s Still the Same United States,&quot; Says Derek Thompson at The Atlantic</title><description>I saw this article on Google&amp;nbsp;+ so I went to read it, because it sure doesn&#39;t feel like the same United States to me. It does not even feel like my country, a place where my values and beliefs can be at least tolerated if not accepted or shared. The actual minority (fuck the Electoral College) who elected Trump are shouting down anyone who is concerned that Trump might actually, you know, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;do what he has promised&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
  174. &lt;br /&gt;
  175. And I know there are many who share my values, because we have talked and cried together over the last 36 hours. But we feel like such a small minority at this point....&lt;br /&gt;
  176. &lt;br /&gt;
  177. The article is brief, so I am sharing all of it here.&lt;br /&gt;
  178. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  179. &lt;h2&gt;
  180. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/11/who-we-are/507275/&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;It&#39;s Still the Same United States &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
  181. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;What did Americans really learn about their country on Tuesday night?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  182. &lt;div&gt;
  183. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  184. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;266&quot; src=&quot;https://cdn.theatlantic.com/assets/media/img/mt/2016/11/RTX2SWX3/lead_960.jpg?1478801243&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  185. &lt;div&gt;
  186. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Kevin Lamarque / Reuters &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  187. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  188. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;By&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theatlantic.com/author/derek-thompson/&quot;&gt;Derek Thompson&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  189. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  190. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;In the aftermath of Donald Trump’s shocking victory, many liberals woke up Wednesday morning feeling like strangers in their own country, or perhaps, as if they were the familiar ones and it was the country itself that had become the stranger. I heard it in the voices of friends. I read it in texts from family. I found it in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/cp/opinion/election-night-2016/the-unknown-country&quot;&gt;newspaper headlines&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt; from some of my favorite writers and in tweets and Facebook messages. What kind of a country do I live in? they asked. Something important has changed. This is not the nation I thought I knew.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  191. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  192. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;But America is what we thought it was. It is still a 50-50 nation, dominated by negative partisanship, in which about half of the country will reliably vote to defeat the other half for the foreseeable future. It is still a nation of propositional pluralism—“send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me”—crossed with ineradicable xenophobia—“go back to where you came from.” It is still a country teetering on the razor’s edge of both a social-democratic revolution and 1950s-era conservatism. That’s the country Americans knew we had at midnight Tuesday morning. And it’s the nation reflected in the votes tallied on Tuesday night.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  193. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  194. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Here is what happened 36 hours ago. Hillary Clinton &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cnn.com/2016/11/09/politics/donald-trump-hillary-clinton-popular-vote/&quot;&gt;seems to have narrowly won the popular vote&lt;/a&gt;, yet narrowly lost the election, because of the geographical distribution of her support. Donald Trump won the electoral vote due to a margin of about 100,000 votes spread across Wisconsin, Michigan, and Pennsylvania. This critical difference represents about 0.04 percent of registered voters, a statistical speck. One vote in 2,500 was the difference between electing a liberal Democrat and rewarding a candidate for the most openly racist campaign in generations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  195. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  196. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;On its own, this dramatic precarity is not an inspirational thing. But it is so much more inspiring than the prevailing idea that Trump’s victory is statistical evidence that the country Clinton-voters thought they lived in has disappeared, or utterly abandoned them, or never existed in the first place.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  197. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  198. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;In some ways, the current liberal mood is the mirror image of how many conservatives felt after Obama’s win in 2008. While Democrats were triumphant, convinced that the cause of modern liberalism had finally achieved escape velocity, many conservatives were despondent, convinced that the country they thought they knew had left them behind. But the future was not an extrapolation of these hopes and fears, but rather a reversion to 50-50 divisions. Eight years later, the nation is as divided as it had been eight years before in 2000, when, after another popular two-term Democratic president left office during an economic expansion, the electorate delivered a statistical tie that surprisingly handed the White House to a Republican.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  199. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  200. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;It is not self-indulgent for liberals to despair about Tuesday night’s outcome. They have many reasons to fear &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/11/things-are-about-to-get-much-worse-for-poor-americans/507143/&quot;&gt;the near future of public policy&lt;/a&gt;. But it’s too early for them to despair about America. In a two-party system, the binary outcome of a vote will always be a simplified expression of the complex characteristics of the electorate. The arc of history is long, with many wobbles, and nothing about Tuesday’s vote suggests that the arrow will point in any one direction for very long.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  201. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  202. I felt compelled to comment on the article as an antidote to the prevalent anti-liberal, anti-progressive comments that had been posted (and continue to be posted).&lt;br /&gt;
  203. &lt;br /&gt;
  204. While there is merit to the idea that the country has not changed in any significant way, the outcome of this election was about the future of the nation--not merely the next 4-8 years, but the next 50-100 years.&lt;br /&gt;
  205. &lt;br /&gt;
  206. It is in that sense that progressives are weeping . . . for their children, grandchildren, and great grandchildren.&lt;br /&gt;
  207. &lt;br /&gt;
  208. The winner of this election has been given the power to shape the nation far beyond his or her lifetime. That power comes through the ability to shape the Supreme Court.&lt;br /&gt;
  209. &lt;br /&gt;
  210. Here is my comment, which has already been labeled hysterical by one troll.&lt;br /&gt;
  211. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  212. &lt;span style=&quot;color: purple;&quot;&gt;Trump will have a GOP majority in the House and the Senate, will get between 1-4 nominations to the Supreme Court, and those justices will be&amp;nbsp;there for the next 30-50 years. Add those justices to Alito and Roberts, both younger, ultra-conservative ideologues, and we will effectively be witness to the dismantling of most civil, environmental, and educational&amp;nbsp;reforms enacted over the last 75-100 years, including Roe v. Wade.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  213. &lt;span style=&quot;color: purple;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  214. &lt;span style=&quot;color: purple;&quot;&gt;With Trump and the GOP controlling Congress, we are likely to see the end of&amp;nbsp;minimum wage laws, the destruction of the social safety net, and the demise of nearly every other government program serving the poorest of our&amp;nbsp;citizens. The GOP seems unfamiliar with the notion that a nation is judged by how it treats the weakest of its citizens. Even conservative NYT editorial writer David Brooks gets that poverty is not a condition most people can escape, no matter how hard they try.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  215. &lt;span style=&quot;color: purple;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  216. &lt;span style=&quot;color: purple;&quot;&gt;At the same time, corporate welfare likely will increase even more, while any and all regulation of Wall Street will end or be severely curtailed (Dodd-Frank will be gone), and most regulations protecting clean air, clean water, and preserving wilderness areas will be eliminated. Renewable energy investments will end so that the Arctic tundra can be drilled for oil. If you don&#39;t believe this, look at the people Trump is choosing to lead the transition at the EPA, FTC, etc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  217. &lt;span style=&quot;color: purple;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  218. &lt;span style=&quot;color: purple;&quot;&gt;Trump represents the end of American progress. If it were not for the damage he can do with appointments to the Supreme Court, it would only be a 4-8 year set-back. But he can shape the Court so drastically that it could take generations to undo the damage.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  219. &lt;span style=&quot;color: purple;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  220. &lt;span style=&quot;color: purple;&quot;&gt;On ending progress, Trump&#39;s campaign slogan announced as much: Make America Great Again. I&#39;m sorry, when WAS America great? Prior to the admittedly awful Affordable Care Act when millions of &amp;nbsp;people had NO health care? Prior to Roe v. Wade when women got abortions from unqualified providers, and often died from the procedures? Prior to the Civil Rights Act, when minorities could be denied service, prevented from using the same schools and restrooms, and prevented from voting? Prior to the New Deal when old people died in extreme poverty and workers had no protections from unreasonable work hours and unsafe conditions?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  221. &lt;span style=&quot;color: purple;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  222. &lt;span style=&quot;color: purple;&quot;&gt;So WHEN was America great? When higher education was only open to the wealthy, when women could not vote, when minorities were not &quot;full&quot; people, when slavery was legal?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  223. &lt;span style=&quot;color: purple;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  224. &lt;span style=&quot;color: purple;&quot;&gt;Anyone who proposes that the key to dealing with change is returning to the &quot;good old days&quot; has no idea HOW to change, what change is, and how change becomes successful. Trump is one of those people.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  225. &lt;span style=&quot;color: purple;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  226. &lt;span style=&quot;color: purple;&quot;&gt;So progressives weep for the loss and wasting of American potential. For possible futures that are lost with a Trump presidency.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  227. &lt;span style=&quot;color: purple;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  228. &lt;span style=&quot;color: purple;&quot;&gt;And just so you actually get it, Clinton was NOT the answer. She was only the slightly lesser of two evils.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  229. </description><link>http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2016/11/its-still-same-united-states-says-derek.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (william harryman)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13617569.post-7271684478246250512</guid><pubDate>Wed, 09 Nov 2016 13:36:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2016-11-09T06:36:28.374-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">2016 presidential election</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">fascism</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Politics</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">presidents</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">revolution</category><title>President Trump - The End of the American Experiment, the End of Decency</title><description>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  230. &lt;a href=&quot;https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-NcRMUsBK19E/WCMiFgqATxI/AAAAAAAAF8k/blORjt_ZESoFABPmdTDoZeaJ2-bENTrLgCLcB/s1600/trump-Hitler-TIME-faux-1%255B1%255D.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;640&quot; src=&quot;https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-NcRMUsBK19E/WCMiFgqATxI/AAAAAAAAF8k/blORjt_ZESoFABPmdTDoZeaJ2-bENTrLgCLcB/s640/trump-Hitler-TIME-faux-1%255B1%255D.jpg&quot; width=&quot;480&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  231. &lt;br /&gt;
  232. I blame the progressives who stayed home or voted 3rd party rather than face reality and vote for Clinton to keep Trump from becoming president.&lt;br /&gt;
  233. &lt;br /&gt;
  234. I blame ignorance, fear, hatred, misogyny, racism, nationalism, and the Republican-orchestrated demise of the national educational system.&lt;br /&gt;
  235. &lt;br /&gt;
  236. Only an uneducated and ignorant nation could choose an ignorant and hate-filled man to be it&#39;s leader. Well-played.&lt;br /&gt;
  237. &lt;br /&gt;
  238. &lt;b&gt;YOU&lt;/b&gt; wanted this - so deal with it.&lt;br /&gt;
  239. &lt;h2&gt;
  240. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  241. &lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: purple;&quot;&gt;Trump is not MY president&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
  242. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  243. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  244. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  245. &lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: purple;&quot;&gt;He will NEVER be my president.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  246. &lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: purple;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
  247. I am anti-violence, and I cannot imagine taking arms against the government. But we have been moving toward this moment for years, and now it is here. We do not have government by the people and for the people - we have fascism.&lt;br /&gt;
  248. &lt;br /&gt;
  249. Look it up - Mussolini defined &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldfuturefund.org/wffmaster/Reading/Germany/mussolini.htm&quot;&gt;fascism&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;thus: &quot;Fascism should more appropriately be called Corporatism because it is a merger of state and corporate power.”&lt;br /&gt;
  250. &lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  251. &lt;/b&gt; It&#39;s time for progressives and liberals to become as well-armed as the racists and the redneck militias. There will be a time, not too far away, when WE will need to retake America from the powers of fascism.&lt;br /&gt;
  252. &lt;br /&gt;</description><link>http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2016/11/president-trump-end-of-american.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (william harryman)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-NcRMUsBK19E/WCMiFgqATxI/AAAAAAAAF8k/blORjt_ZESoFABPmdTDoZeaJ2-bENTrLgCLcB/s72-c/trump-Hitler-TIME-faux-1%255B1%255D.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13617569.post-4734933660242550971</guid><pubDate>Tue, 08 Nov 2016 16:21:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2016-11-08T09:21:47.449-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Politics</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">presidential election</category><title>2016 - Worst Presidential Election [Ever?] - Still Only One Choice We Can Live with as a Nation</title><description>&lt;h2 class=&quot;tr_bq&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  253. &lt;img height=&quot;427&quot; src=&quot;https://image.syracuse.com/home/syr-media/width960/img/post-standard/photo/2015/12/11/-9eccb5159ae06db8.jpg&quot; width=&quot;600&quot; /&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
  254. &lt;h2&gt;
  255. &lt;i&gt;&quot;Anyone who is capable of getting themselves made President should on no account be allowed to do the job.&quot; ~ Douglas Adams&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
  256. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  257. &lt;img alt=&quot;Photo&quot; class=&quot;JZUAbb&quot; height=&quot;298&quot; src=&quot;https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-Vlcvlrdy1H8/WCHP7PVySBI/AAAAAAAAF7c/F6JfYG4Q3-oBhANOk-AXBPfUxJ_W0kAIACL0B/w663-d-h373-p/160302005451-trump-and-hillary-exlarge-169%255B1%255D.jpg&quot; width=&quot;530&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  258. &lt;br /&gt;
  259. What follows is an expansion of my penultimate Facebook post before I deactivated my page last week. Some of the comments to the original post were disturbingly blind to what I was trying to say. So I am saying it again, here, with more words and (hopefully) greater depth and span.&lt;br /&gt;
  260. &lt;br /&gt;
  261. Here is the original post:&lt;br /&gt;
  262. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  263. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;I used to believe that political differences should not be a reason to  unfollow or unfriend someone. I am questioning that perspective. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  264. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  265. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;This feels like one of those times in history where people will look  back and ask where you stood when hatred and ignorance were chosen to  lead the nation, when a ruler was chosen who brings division and  destruction, bigotry and violence.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  266. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  267. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;This is truly a &quot;lesser of two evils&quot; choice. One choice is evil as  usual. The other choice is evil on a scale that we have not seen since  the first half of the 20th Century.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  268. To be clear:&lt;br /&gt;
  269. &lt;br /&gt;
  270. Clinton is corrupt, greedy, and dishonest. She is politics as usual.&lt;br /&gt;
  271. &lt;br /&gt;
  272. Trump is racist, sexist, hateful, narcissistic, greedy, and quite possibly a sociopath. Electing Trump is on par with the elections of Hitler and Mussolini, both of whom promised to make their respective nations great again.&lt;br /&gt;
  273. &lt;br /&gt;
  274. What these two dictators from the 20th Century share with Trump is hatred -- of the &quot;other.&quot; Oh, and they all three share many traits of the sociopath/psychopath.&lt;br /&gt;
  275. &lt;br /&gt;
  276. Says Tony Schwartz, who was the &quot;ghost writer&quot; on their joint book (they split the advance and the royalties, nearly unheard of for a ghost writer), &lt;i&gt;The Art of the Deal&lt;/i&gt;, the 1987 book that made Trump famous:&lt;br /&gt;
  277. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  278. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;“I put lipstick on a pig,” he said. “I feel a deep sense of remorse that I contributed to presenting Trump in a way that brought him wider attention and made him more appealing than he is.” He went on, “I genuinely believe that if Trump wins and gets the nuclear codes there is an excellent possibility it will lead to the end of civilization.”&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  279. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  280. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;If he were writing “The Art of the Deal” today, Schwartz said, it would be a very different book with a very different title. Asked what he would call it, he answered, &lt;b&gt;“The Sociopath.”&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; [&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/07/25/donald-trumps-ghostwriter-tells-all&quot;&gt;The New Yorker&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, June 25, 2016]&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  281. Emphasis added.&lt;br /&gt;
  282. &lt;br /&gt;
  283. Respected Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner considers Trump a &quot;textbook&quot; narcissist, one of the primary traits of the sociopath.&lt;br /&gt;
  284. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  285. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;According to a number of top U.S. psychologists, like Harvard professor and researcher Howard Gardner, Donald Trump is a “&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2015/11/donald-trump-narcissism-therapists&quot;&gt;textbook” narcissist&lt;/a&gt;. In fact, he fits the profile so well that clinical psychologist George Simon told Vanity Fair, “He’s so classic that I’m archiving video clips of him to use in workshops.” This puts Trump in the same category as a number of infamous dictators like Muammar Gaddafi, Napoleon Bonaparte, and Saddam Hussein. [&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rawstory.com/2016/01/a-neuroscientist-explains-trump-has-a-mental-disorder-that-makes-him-a-dangerous-world-leader/&quot;&gt;Raw Story&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, January 12, 2016]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  286. Trump is very clearly a narcissist, and his behavior, lifestyle, and collection of ever-younger wives shows this in stark, very public detail.&lt;br /&gt;
  287. &lt;br /&gt;
  288. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/wicked-deeds/201401/how-tell-sociopath-psychopath&quot;&gt;But is Trump a sociopath or a psychopath?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  289. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  290. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Sociopaths tend to be nervous and easily agitated. They are volatile and prone to emotional outbursts, including fits of rage. They are likely to be uneducated and live on the fringes of society, unable to hold down a steady job or stay in one place for very long. It is difficult but not impossible for sociopaths to form attachments with others. Many sociopaths are able to form an attachment to a particular individual or group, although they have no regard for society in general or its rules. In the eyes of others, sociopaths will appear to be very disturbed. Any crimes committed by a sociopath, including murder, will tend to be haphazard, disorganized and spontaneous rather than planned.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  291. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  292. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Psychopaths, on the other hand, are unable to form emotional attachments or feel real empathy with others, although they often have disarming or even charming personalities. Psychopaths are very manipulative and can easily gain people’s trust. They learn to mimic emotions, despite their inability to actually feel them, and will appear normal to unsuspecting people. Psychopaths are often well educated and hold steady jobs. Some are so good at manipulation and mimicry that they have families and other long-term relationships without those around them ever suspecting their true nature.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  293. So, based on this, he is a little of both--impulsive and reactive, but also able to charm and manipulate. This makes Trump a frightening prospect as president of the most powerful military on the planet.&lt;br /&gt;
  294. &lt;br /&gt;
  295. And, no doubt, the anti-Clinton folks have dozens of examples of how corrupt she is, how she stole the Democratic nomination from Bernie Sanders (I believe she did), and how horrible she would be as president. Sure, I don&#39;t like her, either.&lt;br /&gt;
  296. &lt;br /&gt;
  297. As I said, lesser of two evils.&lt;br /&gt;
  298. &lt;br /&gt;
  299. Given the two options, I have more faith (belief without proof) that Clinton actually does care about some of the social causes she has taken up over the years (women&#39;s rights, children, families).&lt;br /&gt;
  300. &lt;br /&gt;
  301. While, in my mind, there is no doubt Trump cares about no one and nothing but himself--his actions and words have proven it repeatedly over the last several decades.&lt;br /&gt;
  302. &lt;br /&gt;
  303. Electing Trump may be looked back on one day as the moment America picked up a gun, stuck the gun in its mouth, and pulled the trigger. Let&#39;s not go there.</description><link>http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2016/11/2016-worst-presidential-election-ever.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (william harryman)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-Vlcvlrdy1H8/WCHP7PVySBI/AAAAAAAAF7c/F6JfYG4Q3-oBhANOk-AXBPfUxJ_W0kAIACL0B/s72-w663-h373-c-p-d/160302005451-trump-and-hillary-exlarge-169%255B1%255D.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13617569.post-5982024813698611854</guid><pubDate>Sun, 22 May 2016 13:55:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2016-05-22T06:55:07.216-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Marc Gafni</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">sexual trauma</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">sociopathy</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">spiritual teachers</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">survivors</category><title>Donna Zerner: The Shadow Behind The Light (on her experience with Marc Gafni)</title><description>&lt;center&gt;
  304. &lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;281&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/2ENUxb4DcCU?rel=0&quot; width=&quot;500&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/center&gt;
  305. &lt;br /&gt;
  306. Urban Tellers®, May 14, 2016&lt;br /&gt;
  307. Donna Zerner on the Portland Story Theater stage at Alberta Abbey for live storytelling&lt;br /&gt;
  308. Hosted by Lynne Duddy and Lawrence Howard&lt;br /&gt;
  309. &lt;br /&gt;
  310. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
  311. Statement from Donna Zerner on performing this piece:&lt;/div&gt;
  312. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  313. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;It took me ten years to feel safe enough to speak publicly about my  experience with Marc Gafni.&amp;nbsp; I’m still pretty sure he’ll try to attack  and discredit me in any way he can, but at this point the urge to tell  the truth is far more compelling than continuing to silence myself out  of fear of his retribution.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  314. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  315. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;I’m not on Facebook (last holdout on the planet!), but I’ve been  following public FB comments about the story, and am gratified that it  seems to be striking a chord for many.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  316. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  317. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;It felt both terrifying and liberating to tell my story.&amp;nbsp; Of course, &lt;span class=&quot;aBn&quot; data-term=&quot;goog_1877170507&quot; tabindex=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;aQJ&quot;&gt;in 15 minutes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  I was only able to reveal the tiniest fraction of my experiences, so it  was frustrating what was left out... I could have easily spoken for  hours and still barely scratched the surface.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  318. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  319. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;My intention was always that the story be healing for myself and for  anyone who’s been affected by a similar dynamic. It definitely has been  healing for me so far, though the process of creating it was extremely  challenging, a constant surrender to the Feminine. With previous stories  I’ve told, I pretty much typed them out at my computer and memorized  them, but this one refused to be created that way; it would only come  through my emotions and my body (requiring an often excruciating  reliving of experiences). I never wrote a word, and I didn’t memorize it  either. I also had no idea how it would end until the final words  stumbled out of my mouth that night. The process was all about  surrender; it ultimately felt like a shamanic initiation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  320. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  321. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;I used a pseudonym for MG because the intention of the story wasn’t to  expose or blame him, but to explore my culpability, to own my own  journey. If I had named him it would have changed the tone and felt too  much like an attack job. Of course there were clues sprinkled throughout  as to his real identity (i.e., when I said “O.M.G.,” what I was really  saying was: “Oh, MG”!).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  322. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  323. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;The video doesn’t capture how heavy and intense the energy got in the  room— by about two-thirds through it felt like the entire audience was  holding their breath with concern and outrage, which is why I felt  compelled at one point to puncture the heaviness (too intense for a  bunch of Portlanders out for a &lt;span class=&quot;aBn&quot; data-term=&quot;goog_1877170508&quot; tabindex=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;aQJ&quot;&gt;Saturday&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; night&#39;s entertainment!).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  324. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  325. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;My hope at this point is that the story encourages more women (and men)  in similar situations to recognize their own worth, honor their  intuition, and speak their authentic truth from the heart.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  326. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  327. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Please know that I hold with me a multitude of other MG-affected women  (over a span of 36 years, up to the present day), most of whom are not  ready to speak up but whose suffering at MG&#39;s hands was often quite  profound, and continues to this day. And of course, the damage he has  caused and continues to create expands to areas far beyond his  exploitation of women.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  328. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  329. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;I pray for truth and healing for all affected, including for MG.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  330. </description><link>http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2016/05/donna-zerner-shadow-behind-light-on-her.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (william harryman)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://img.youtube.com/vi/2ENUxb4DcCU/default.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13617569.post-745648884437751580</guid><pubDate>Sat, 05 Mar 2016 20:43:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2016-03-05T13:59:10.353-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Dialogical Self</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Dialogical Self Theory</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">dreams</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Hubert Hermans</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">multiplicity</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Self</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Shrink Rap Radio</category><title>Shrink Rap Radio #496 – Dreaming and the Dialogical Self with Prof. Hubert Hermans</title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  331. &lt;img alt=&quot;http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/41CitNdosCL._SX329_BO1,204,203,200_.jpg&quot; src=&quot;http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/41CitNdosCL._SX329_BO1,204,203,200_.jpg&quot; /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
  332. &lt;br /&gt;
  333. Hubert Hermans&#39; &lt;a href=&quot;http://huberthermans.com/dialogical-self-theory/&quot;&gt;Dialogical Self Theory&lt;/a&gt; is one of the most robust and usable multiplicity-of-self models available. Dr. David Van Nuys speaks with Hermans on the dialogical self and dreams. The newest book is &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1138871923/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;camp=1789&amp;amp;creative=390957&amp;amp;creativeASIN=1138871923&amp;amp;linkCode=as2&amp;amp;tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkId=XC57WAXZ5JQ7I5UY&quot; id=&quot;static_txt_preview&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;The Dialogical Self in Psychotherapy: An Introduction&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, being released today in paperback.&lt;br /&gt;
  334. &lt;br /&gt;
  335. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  336. &lt;h2 class=&quot;entry-title&quot;&gt;
  337. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://shrinkrapradio.com/496-dreaming-and-the-dialogical-self-with-prof-hubert-hermans/&quot;&gt;#496 – Dreaming and the Dialogical Self with Prof. Hubert Hermans&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
  338. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://shrinkrapradio.com/images/Hubert-Hermans.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;attachment wp-att-5322&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Hermans 0009 iov J/M&quot; class=&quot;size-full wp-image-5322&quot; src=&quot;http://shrinkrapradio.com/images/Hubert-Hermans.jpg&quot; height=&quot;220&quot; width=&quot;165&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  339. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  340. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://huberthermans.com/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Hubert Hermans&lt;/a&gt;  is professor emeritus at the Radboud University of Nijmegen, The  Netherlands. He is best known as the creator of Dialogical Self Theory.  He wrote books like &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.amazon.com/The-Dialogical-Self-Meaning-Movement/dp/0123423201/ref=as_sl_pc_ss_til?tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkCode=w01&amp;amp;linkId=2FPJZONA6TCP3NGL&amp;amp;creativeASIN=0123423201&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Dialogical Self: Meaning as movement&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (1993),  co-authored by Harry Kempen, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.amazon.com/Self-Narratives-The-Construction-Meaning-Psychotherapy/dp/0898628784/ref=as_sl_pc_ss_til?tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkCode=w01&amp;amp;linkId=FKV477OENB7UVBGF&amp;amp;creativeASIN=0898628784&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Self-Narratives: The Construction of  Meaning in Psychotherapy&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;  (1995), co-authored by Els Hermans-Jansen, and  &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.amazon.com/Dialogical-Self-Theory-Positioning-Counter-Positioning/dp/1107411742/ref=as_sl_pc_ss_til?tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkCode=w01&amp;amp;linkId=DL2TKYOXTNURGDMB&amp;amp;creativeASIN=1107411742&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Dialogical Self Theory: Positioning and Counter-Positioning in a  Globalizing Society&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;  (2010), co-authored by Agnieszka Hermans-Konopka.  He is editor of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.amazon.com/Handbook-Dialogical-Theory-Hubert-Hermans/dp/1107681065/ref=as_sl_pc_ss_til?tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkCode=w01&amp;amp;linkId=NRDU3L7RUY6FA77K&amp;amp;creativeASIN=1107681065&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Handbook of Dialogical Self Theory&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (2012), co-edited  by Thorsten Gieser.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  341. &lt;br /&gt;
  342. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Since 2002 he is president of the International  Society for Dialogical Science (ISDS) and editor-in-chief of the  &lt;i&gt;International Journal for Dialogical Science&lt;/i&gt; (IJDS). He is initiator and  chair of biennial International Conferences on the Dialogical Self,  which are organized in different countries and continents. For his  merits to society and science, he was, on behalf of the Queen of the  Netherlands, decorated as Knight in the Order of the Netherlands Lion in  2002.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  343. &lt;br /&gt;
  344. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Some of Hubert’s most impressive memories was when he looked, as a  6-year-old boy, in September 1944, at the passing soldiers of the   American 30th Infantry Division “Old Hickory,” who liberated his place  of birth, Maastricht, from the German occupation. Some months later, he  survived a bomb attack which killed many neighbors living opposite his  parents’ house. He describes such autobiographical events in his book  &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.amazon.com/Between-Dreaming-Recognition-Seeking-Dialogical/dp/0761858873/ref=as_sl_pc_ss_til?tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkCode=w01&amp;amp;linkId=JGJM3MG5ZAESGSOC&amp;amp;creativeASIN=0761858873&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Between Dreaming and Recognition Seeking&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (2012), in which he applies  Dialogical Self Theory to his own life.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  345. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  346. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;A psychology podcast by David Van Nuys, Ph.D.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  347. &lt;br /&gt;
  348. &lt;div class=&quot;powerpress_player&quot; id=&quot;powerpress_player_6892&quot;&gt;
  349. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;object data=&quot;http://shrinkrapradio.com/wp-content/plugins/powerpress/audio-player.swf&quot; height=&quot;24&quot; id=&quot;6892&quot; type=&quot;application/x-shockwave-flash&quot; width=&quot;290&quot;&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;movie&quot; value=&quot;http://shrinkrapradio.com/wp-content/plugins/powerpress/audio-player.swf&quot;&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;FlashVars&quot; value=&quot;playerID=6892&amp;amp;soundFile=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.blubrry.com%2Fpsychology%2Fp%2Fshrinkrapradio.com%2Fimages%2F496-%E2%80%93-Dreaming-and-the-Dialogical-Self-with-Dutch-Psychologist-Hubert-Hermans.mp3&amp;amp;pagebg=0af725&amp;amp;bg=e020e0&amp;amp;width=290&amp;amp;rtl=no&amp;amp;loader=009900&amp;amp;text=112eed&amp;amp;titles=Blubrry PowerPress&amp;amp;animation=yes&amp;amp;remaining=no&amp;amp;buffer=&amp;amp;track=FFFFFF&amp;amp;tracker=DDDDDD&amp;amp;border=CCCCCC&amp;amp;initialvolume=60&amp;amp;leftbg=CCCCCC&amp;amp;lefticon=333333&amp;amp;voltrack=F2F2F2&amp;amp;volslider=666666&amp;amp;rightbg=B4B4B4&amp;amp;rightbghover=999999&amp;amp;righticon=333333&amp;amp;righticonhover=FFFFFF&amp;amp;transparentpagebg=no&quot;&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;quality&quot; value=&quot;high&quot;&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;menu&quot; value=&quot;false&quot;&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;wmode&quot; value=&quot;transparent&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://media.blubrry.com/psychology/p/shrinkrapradio.com/images/496-–-Dreaming-and-the-Dialogical-Self-with-Dutch-Psychologist-Hubert-Hermans.mp3&quot; title=&quot;Play&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://shrinkrapradio.com/wp-content/plugins/powerpress/play_audio.png&quot; title=&quot;Play&quot; alt=&quot;Play&quot; style=&quot;border:0;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  350. &lt;div class=&quot;powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3&quot;&gt;
  351. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Podcast:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a class=&quot;powerpress_link_pinw&quot; href=&quot;http://media.blubrry.com/psychology/p/shrinkrapradio.com/images/496-%E2%80%93-Dreaming-and-the-Dialogical-Self-with-Dutch-Psychologist-Hubert-Hermans.mp3&quot; onclick=&quot;return powerpress_pinw(&#39;http://shrinkrapradio.com/?powerpress_pinw=5321-podcast&#39;);&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Play in new window&quot;&gt;Play in new window&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a class=&quot;powerpress_link_d&quot; download=&quot;496-–-Dreaming-and-the-Dialogical-Self-with-Dutch-Psychologist-Hubert-Hermans.mp3&quot; href=&quot;http://media.blubrry.com/psychology/p/shrinkrapradio.com/images/496-%E2%80%93-Dreaming-and-the-Dialogical-Self-with-Dutch-Psychologist-Hubert-Hermans.mp3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; title=&quot;Download&quot;&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  352. &lt;/div&gt;
  353. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  354. </description><link>http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2016/03/shrink-rap-radio-496-dreaming-and.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (william harryman)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13617569.post-4265241848431688649</guid><pubDate>Thu, 04 Feb 2016 19:47:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2016-02-04T14:40:09.114-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">books</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">conscience</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Marc Gafni</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Martha Stout</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">sociopaths</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">sociopathy</category><title>Martha Stout&#39;s Thirteen Rules for Dealing with Sociopaths in Everyday Life</title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  355. &lt;img class=&quot;irc_mi&quot; src=&quot;http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/5106V842oaL.jpg&quot; height=&quot;393&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px;&quot; width=&quot;254&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  356. &lt;br /&gt;
  357. The following is from Martha Stout, Ph.D., in her book, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.amazon.com/Sociopath-Next-Door-Martha-Stout/dp/0767915828/ref=as_sl_pc_ss_til?tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkCode=w01&amp;amp;linkId=7OFEBI23AX7LKRRZ&amp;amp;creativeASIN=0767915828&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Sociopath Next Door&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (pages 156-162). These are good guidelines for anyone who knows, works with/for, or have been involved with a sociopath. As Stout points out, sociopaths are not rare--we all are likely to encounter one (or more) at some point in our lives.&lt;br /&gt;
  358. &lt;br /&gt;
  359. Considering that this blog has been very focused on unmasking Marc Gafni as the sociopath he is, this seems like a fitting part of that process.&lt;br /&gt;
  360. &lt;br /&gt;
  361. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  362. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;THIRTEEN RULES FOR DEALING WITH SOCIOPATHS IN EVERYDAY LIFE&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  363. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;The first rule involve the bitter pill of accepting at some people literally have no conscience.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  364. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;These people do not often look like Charles Manson or a Ferengi bartender. They look like us.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  365. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;i&gt; In a contest between your instincts and what is implied by the role a person has taken&#39; on--educator, doctor, leader, animal lover, humanist, parent--go with your instinct.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  366. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Whether you want to be or not, you are a constant observer of human behavior, and your unfiltered impressions, though alarming and seemingly outlandish, may well help you out if you will let them. Your best self understands, without being told, that impressive and moral-sounding labels do not bestow conscience on anyone who did not have it to begin with.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  367. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  368. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;3. &lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;When considering a new relationship of any kind, practice the Rule of Threes regarding the claims and promises a person makes, and the responsibilities he or she has. Make the Rule of Threes your personal policy.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One lie, one broken promise, or a single neglected responsibility may be a misunderstanding instead. Two may involve a serious mistake. But&lt;i&gt; three&lt;/i&gt; lies says you&#39;re dealing with a liar, and deceit is the linchpin of conscienceless behavior. Cut your losses and get out as soon as you can. Leaving, though it may be hard, will be easier .now than later, and less costly.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  369. &lt;br /&gt;
  370. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Do not give your money, your work, your secrets, or your affection to a three-timer. Your valuable gifts will be wasted.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  371. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;4.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Question authority&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  372. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Once again--trust your own instincts and anxieties, especially those concerning people who claim that dominating others, violence, war, or some other violation or your conscience is the grand solution to some problem. Do this even when, or especially when, everyone around you has completely&lt;i&gt; stopped &lt;/i&gt;questioning authority.&amp;nbsp; Recite to yourself what Stanley Milgram taught us about obedience: At least six out of ten people will blindly obey to the bitter end an official-looking authority in their midst.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  373. &lt;br /&gt;
  374. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;The good news is that having social support makes people somewhat more likely to challenge authority. Encourage those around you to question, too.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  375. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  376. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;5.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Suspect flattery.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Compliments are lovely, especially when they are sincere. In contrast, &lt;i&gt;flattery&lt;/i&gt; is extreme and appeals to our egos in unrealistic ways. It is the material of counterfeit charm, and nearly always involves an intent to manipulate. Manipulation through flattery is sometimes innocuous and sometimes sinister. Peek over your massaged ego and remember to suspect flattery.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  377. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This &quot;flattery rule&quot; applies on an individual basis, and also at &#39; the level of groups and even whole nations. Throughout all of human history and to the present, the call to war has included the flattering claim that one&#39;s own forces are about to accomplish a victory that will change the world for the better, a triumph that is morally laudable, justified by its humane outcome, unique in human endeavor, righteous, and worthy of enormous gratitude. Since we began to record the human story, all of our major wars have been framed in this way, on all sides of the conflict, and in all languages the adjective most often applied to the word &lt;i&gt;war&lt;/i&gt; is &lt;i&gt;holy&lt;/i&gt;. An argument can easily be made that humanity will have peace when nations of people are at last able to see through this masterful flattery. Just as an individual pumped up on the flattery of a manipulator is likely to behave in foolish ways, exaggerated patriotism that is flattery-fueled is a dangerous thing.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  378. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;6.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;If necessary, redefine your concept of respect.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Too often, we mistake fear for respect, and the more fearful we are of someone, the more we view him or her as deserving of our respect.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  379. &lt;br /&gt;
  380. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;I have a spotted Bengal cat who was named Muscle Man by my daughter when she was a toddler, because even as a kitten he looked like a professional wrestler. Grown now, he is much larger than most other domestic cats. His formidable claws resemble those of his Asian leopard-cat ancestors, but by temperament, he is gentle and peace-loving. My neighbor has a little calico who visits. Evidently, the calico&#39;s predatory charisma is huge, and she is brilliant at directing the evil eye at other cats. Whenever she is within fifty feet, Muscle Man, all fifteen pounds of him to her seven, cringes and crouches in fear and feline deference.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  381. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Muscle Man is a splendid cat. He is warm and loving, and he is close to my heart. Nonetheless, I would like to believe that some of his reactions are more primitive than mine. I hope I do not mistake fear for respect, because to do so would be to ensure my own victimization. Let us use our big human brains to overpower our animal tendency to bow to predators, so we can disentangle the reflexive confusion of anxiety and awe. In a perfect world, human respect would be an automatic reaction only to those who are strong, kind, and morally courageous. The person who profits from frightening you is not likely to be any of these.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  382. &lt;br /&gt;
  383. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;The resolve to keep respect separate from fear is even more critical for groups and nations. The politician, small or lofty, who menaces the people with frequent reminders of the possibility of crime, violence, or terrorism, and who then uses their magnified fear to gain allegiance, is more likely to be a successful con artist than a legitimate leader. This too has been true throughout human history.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  384. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;7.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Do not join the game.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Intrigue is a sociopath&#39;s tool. Resist the temptation to compete with a seductive sociopath, to outsmart him, psychoanalyze, or even banter with him. In addition to reducing yourself to his level, you would be distracting yourself from what is really important, which is to protect yourself.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  385. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  386. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;8.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;The best way to protect yourself from a sociopath is to avoid him, to refuse any kind of contact or communication&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Psychologists do not usually like to recommend avoidance, but in this case, I make a very deliberate exception. The only truly effective method for dealing with a sociopath you have identified is to disallow him or her from your life altogether. Sociopaths live completely outside of the social contract, and therefore to include them in relationships or other social arrangements is perilous. Begin this exclusion of them in the context of your relationships and social life. You will not hurt anyone&#39;s feelings. Strange as it seems, and though they might try to pretend otherwise, sociopaths do not have any such feelings to hurt.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  387. &lt;br /&gt;
  388. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;You may never be able to make your family and friends understand why you are avoiding a particular individual. Sociopathy is surprisingly difficult to see, and even harder to explain. Avoid him anyway.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  389. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If total avoidance is impossible, make plans to come as close as you can to the goal of total avoidance.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  390. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;9.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Question your tendency to pity too easily.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Respect should be reserved for the kind and the morally courageous. Pity is another socially valuable response, and it should be reserved for innocent people who are in genuine pain or who have fallen on misfortune. If, instead, you find yourself pitying someone who consistently hurts you or other people, and who actively campaigns for your sympathy, the chances are close to 100 percent that you are dealing with a sociopath,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  391. &lt;br /&gt;
  392. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Related to this--I recommend that you severely challenge your need to be &lt;i&gt;polite&lt;/i&gt; in absolutely all situations. For normal adults in our culture, being what we think of as &quot;civilized&quot; is like a reflex, and often we find ourselves being automatically decorous even when someone has enraged us, repeatedly lied to us, or figuratively stabbed us in the back. Sociopaths take huge advantage of this automatic courtesy in exploitative situations.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  393. &lt;br /&gt;
  394. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Do not be afraid to be unsmiling and calmly to the point.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  395. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;10.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Do not try to redeem the unredeemable&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Second (third, fourth, and fifth) chances are for people who possess conscience. If you are dealing with a person who has no conscience, know how to swallow hard and cut your losses.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  396. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At some point, most of us need to learn the important, if disappointing, life lesson that, no matter how good our intentions, we cannot control the behavior--let alone the character structures--of other people. Learn this fact of human life, and avoid the irony getting caught up in the same ambition he has--to control.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  397. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you do not desire control, but instead want to &lt;i&gt;help&lt;/i&gt; people, then help only those who want to be helped. I think you will find this does not include the person who has no conscience.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  398. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The sociopath&#39;s behavior is not your fault, not in any way whatsoever. It is also not your mission. &lt;i&gt;Your&lt;/i&gt; mission is your own life.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  399. &lt;br /&gt;
  400. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;11.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Never agree, out of pity or for any other reason, to help a sociopath conceal his or her true character.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&quot;Please don&#39;t tell,&quot; often spoken tearfully and with great gnashing of teeth, is the trademark plea of thieves, child abusers--and sociopaths. Do not listen to this siren song. Other people deserve to be warned more than sociopaths deserve to have you keep their secrets. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If someone without conscience insists that you &quot;owe&quot; him or her, recall what you are about to read here: &quot;You owe me&quot; has been the standard line of sociopaths for thousands of years, quite literally, and is still so. It is what Rasputin told the empress of Russia.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  401. &lt;br /&gt;
  402. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;We tend to experience &quot;You owe me&quot; as a compelling claim, but it is simply not true. Do not listen. Also ignore the one that goes, &quot;You are just like me.&quot; You are not.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  403. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;12.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Defend your psyche&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Do not allow someone without conscience, or even a string of such people, to convince you that humanity is a failure. Most human beings &lt;i&gt;do&lt;/i&gt; possess conscience. Most human beings &lt;i&gt;are&lt;/i&gt; able to love.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  404. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;13. &lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Living well is the best revenge.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  405. </description><link>http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2016/02/martha-stouts-thirteem-rules-for.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (william harryman)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13617569.post-7458789938974911450</guid><pubDate>Sat, 23 Jan 2016 14:16:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2016-03-12T14:17:29.238-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">abusive guru</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">manipulation</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Marc Gafni</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">narcissism</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">psychopathy</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">sexual abuse</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">sexual ethics</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">sociopathy</category><title>A Regularly Updated List of Current Articles on the Marc Gafni Controversy </title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
  406. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  407. &lt;img alt=&quot;Marc Gafni (Screenshot from YouTube)&quot; class=&quot;size-full wp-image-1118464&quot; src=&quot;http://www.jta.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Marc-Gafni.png&quot; height=&quot;263&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
  408. &lt;br /&gt;
  409. Here is a listing of all known (at this time) articles about Marc Gafni that have appeared since the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/26/us/marc-gafni-center-for-integral-wisdom.html?_r=0&quot;&gt;December 25th &lt;i&gt;New York Times&lt;/i&gt; article&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
  410. &lt;br /&gt;
  411. After the list of current articles, there is a list of articles on Gafni that have appeared on this blog, dating back nearly a decade (May, 2006).&lt;br /&gt;
  412. &lt;br /&gt;
  413. And now, below that, is the beginning of an archive of other posts/articles from around the Web about Gafni and his abuses. These articles go back to the first known piece in 2004.&lt;br /&gt;
  414. &lt;br /&gt;
  415. &lt;b&gt;December 26, 2015:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  416. &lt;ul&gt;
  417. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.killingmycareer.com/the-sociopathic-business-model/marc-gafni-a-child-rapist-his-ever-growing-list-of-famous-accomplices-the-new-york-times-huffington-post-whole-foods/&quot;&gt;Marc Gafni, A Child Rapist, And His Ever Growing List of Famous Accomplices: The New York Times, Huffington Post &amp;amp; Whole Foods&lt;/a&gt; from Melayna Lokosky at Killing My Career&lt;/li&gt;
  418. &lt;/ul&gt;
  419. &lt;/div&gt;
  420. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  421. &lt;b&gt;December 27th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  422. &lt;ul&gt;
  423. &lt;li&gt;The online Jewish magazine, &lt;i&gt;Haaretz&lt;/i&gt;, picked up the story: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.haaretz.com/jewish/.premium-1.694128&quot;&gt;Former Rabbi Accused of Improper Sexual Conduct Now Rising Star in U.S. Spiritual Movement&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  424. &lt;/ul&gt;
  425. &lt;b&gt;December 29th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  426. &lt;ul&gt;
  427. &lt;li&gt;Soon followed a second article from Oppenheimer at &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/196238/understanding-the-marc-gafni-story-part-ii&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Tablet Magazine&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, part 2 of the NYT article.&lt;/li&gt;
  428. &lt;li&gt;Also on the 29th, the &lt;i&gt;Jewish Telegraph&lt;/i&gt; posted &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jta.org/2015/12/29/news-opinion/the-telegraph/4-quotes-by-ex-orthodox-rabbi-marc-gafni-that-the-ny-times-didnt-include&quot;&gt;4 quotes by ex-Orthodox rabbi Marc Gafni not in The NY Times article&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  429. &lt;li&gt;Matthew Gindin posted &lt;a href=&quot;http://hashkata.com/2015/12/29/some-thoughts-on-marc-gafni/&quot;&gt;Some Thoughts On Marc&amp;nbsp;Gafni&lt;/a&gt; at his blog, Seeking Her Voice. &lt;/li&gt;
  430. &lt;li&gt;Joe Perez &quot;leaked&quot; the supposedly &quot;official&quot; &lt;a href=&quot;https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B6vl4ac7ShHUbGppeFBla1Jjc0U/edit&quot;&gt;Integral Institute Report on Marc Gafni: Summary and Conclusions&lt;/a&gt;   (circa 2008) , then deleted it. It became fully available online on   Dec. 30th. To its discredit, there are several  issues with this  document, not least of which is the inclusion of  material post-2008,  with an addendum noting that it had been updated in  2011 and 2014. An  &quot;official&quot; document of this nature is not updated,  unless of of course  it&#39;s NOT official. There is also the issue that  those who know Gafni   and his writing see his language and perspectives all over the text,   again confirming it as unofficial, and in fact, pro-Gafni propaganda.   What this DOES show is the  lengths to which Gafni will go to cover his  ass - forgery, lies,  manipulation.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/li&gt;
  431. &lt;/ul&gt;
  432. &lt;b&gt;December 30th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  433. &lt;ul&gt;
  434. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://findingourselvesinbiblicalnarratives.com/2015/12/30/a-call-to-shun-marc-gafni/&quot;&gt;A Call to Shun Marc&amp;nbsp;Gafni&lt;/a&gt; (at Finding Ourselves in Biblical Narratives).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
  435. &lt;li&gt;The &lt;i&gt;Jewish Telegraph&lt;/i&gt; reported on ALEPH&#39;s (Alliance for Jewish Renewal) disavowal of Gafni, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jta.org/2015/12/30/news-opinion/united-states/marc-gafni-repudiated-again-by-renewal-group-after-airing-of-sexual-behavior&quot;&gt;Marc Gafni repudiated again by Renewal group after airing of sexual behavior&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
  436. &lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Failed Messiah&lt;/i&gt; added their commentary in&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://failedmessiah.typepad.com/failed_messiahcom/2015/12/who-supports-accused-child-sex-abuser-marc-gafni-these-people-do-345.html&quot;&gt;Who Supports Accused Child Sex Abuser Marc Gafni? These People Do&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
  437. &lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Jewish Week&lt;/i&gt; also posted &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thejewishweek.com/editorial-opinion/editorial/reinvented-rabbi-again&quot;&gt;The Reinvented Rabbi, Again&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
  438. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fwn fcg&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fwb fcg&quot; data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;;&amp;quot;}&quot;&gt;Amichai Lau-Lavie posted on Facebook about &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/amichai.laulavie/posts/10153108398077126&quot;&gt;his brief but disturbing experience&lt;/a&gt; as Gafni&#39;s employee.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  439. &lt;/ul&gt;
  440. &lt;b&gt;Also on December 30th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  441. &lt;ul&gt;
  442. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.change.org/p/whole-foods-www-esalen-com-stop-marc-gafni-from-abusing-again&quot;&gt;Rabbi David Ingber began a petition at Change.org&lt;/a&gt; directed at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wholefoodsmarket.com/blog/john-mackeys-blog&quot;&gt;John Mackey and Whole Foods&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.esalen.org/&quot;&gt;Esalen&lt;/a&gt;, as well as the follow sites: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ievolve.org/&quot;&gt;www.ievolve.org&lt;/a&gt; (an old link for Gafni&#39;s Integral organization that is still active), &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.marcgafni.com/&quot;&gt;Marc Gafni&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.centerforintegralwisdom.org/&quot;&gt;Center for Integral Wisdom&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kenwilber.com/&quot;&gt;Ken Wilber&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.integrallife.com/&quot;&gt;Integral Life&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.venwoude.nl/trainingen_international_intro.htm&quot;&gt;Trainingen - Venwoude International&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.exeter.edu/&quot;&gt; Phillips Exeter Academy&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
  443. &lt;li&gt;Spiritual teacher Andrew Harvey offered a 12-minute audio of his &lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.theshiftnetwork.com/blog/reflections-marc-gafni-situation&quot;&gt;Reflections on the Marc Gafni Situation&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/li&gt;
  444. &lt;/ul&gt;
  445. &lt;b&gt;NOTE:&lt;/b&gt; In all fairness, Robb Smith and Corey DeVos  made  Integral Life a Gafni-free place in 2011, a decision that had been  in  the works for a year or more, but coincided with &lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2011/09/breaking-marc-gafnis-sexual-impropriety.html&quot;&gt;Gafni&#39;s affairs that cost him his book contract with Sounds True&lt;/a&gt;, as well as damaging two wonderful women I had the privilege of speaking with and getting to know.&lt;br /&gt;
  446. &lt;br /&gt;
  447. &lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fwn fcg&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fwb fcg&quot; data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;;&amp;quot;}&quot;&gt;December 31st:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  448. &lt;ul&gt;
  449. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fwn fcg&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fwb fcg&quot; data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;;&amp;quot;}&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Times of Israel&lt;/i&gt; posted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.timesofisrael.com/petition-urges-whole-foods-to-cut-ties-with-controversial-ex-rabbi/&quot;&gt;Petition   urges Whole Foods to cut ties with controversial ex-rabbi: Marc Gafni   accused of of sexual misconduct; co-founder of supermarket chain on   board of his New Age think tank&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
  450. &lt;li&gt;The &lt;i&gt;Religion News Service&lt;/i&gt; posted &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.religionnews.com/2015/12/31/rabbis-petition-whole-foods-sever-ties-disgraced-jewish-spiritual-leader/&quot;&gt;Disgraced former rabbi’s ties to Whole Foods questioned&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;
  451. &lt;/ul&gt;
  452. &lt;/div&gt;
  453. &lt;b&gt;January 1st:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  454. &lt;ul&gt;
  455. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fwn fcg&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fwb fcg&quot; data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;;&amp;quot;}&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Times of Israel&lt;/i&gt; posted a moving first-person account from Gafni&#39;s third wife, &lt;a href=&quot;http://blogs.timesofisrael.com/from-one-gafni-victim/&quot;&gt;A voice for Gafni&#39;s victims, from one who was there&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  456. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fwn fcg&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fwb fcg&quot; data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;;&amp;quot;}&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Jew School&lt;/i&gt; also posted their position on this, which is also a report on the petition from Rabbi Ingber -&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://jewschool.com/2016/01/38787/stopping-serial-sex-abuser-marc-mordechai-gafni/&quot;&gt;Stopping Serial Sex Abuser Marc (Mordechai) Gafni: Pressure His New Financial Backer, Whole Foods CEO John Mackey&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;
  457. &lt;/ul&gt;
  458. &lt;b&gt;January&lt;span class=&quot;fwn fcg&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fwb fcg&quot; data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;;&amp;quot;}&quot;&gt; 2nd:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  459. &lt;ul&gt;
  460. &lt;li&gt;The &lt;i&gt;New York Daily News&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp; posted a scathing article (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/marc-gafni-denies-sexual-misconduct-allegations-article-1.2483567&quot;&gt;New Age guru Marc Gafni allegedly molested two NYC teen girls during the 1980s, denies sexual misconduct allegations&lt;/a&gt;) that did not let Gafni off the hook as the NYT had done.&lt;/li&gt;
  461. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/kipp.friedman?fref=nf&quot;&gt;Kipp Friedman&lt;/a&gt; discloses on Facebook that in 1987 he was asked by rabbinic leaders to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10208198307144913&amp;amp;set=a.1160878511668.24877.1518972693&amp;amp;type=3&quot;&gt;cover up Gafni&#39;s alleged sexual abuses in Boca Raton&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;
  462. &lt;/ul&gt;
  463. &lt;b&gt;January 3rd:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  464. &lt;ul&gt;
  465. &lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Forward&lt;/i&gt; (an online Jewish magazine) posted an overview of clergy abuse, which is what this really amounts to - &lt;a href=&quot;http://forward.com/opinion/328369/marc-gafni-and-the-misused-power-of-religious-leaders/#ixzz3wF3FpSBo&quot;&gt;Marc Gafni and the Misused Power of Religious Leaders&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
  466. &lt;li&gt;Frank Visser at Integral World posts &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.integralworld.net/visser92.html&quot;&gt;What&#39;s Love Got to Do with It: Love Guru Marc Gafni under Attack after New York Times publications&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  467. &lt;/ul&gt;
  468. &lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: currentColor; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;
  469. &lt;b&gt;January 4th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  470. &lt;ul&gt;
  471. &lt;li&gt;Chaya Kurtz posts &lt;a href=&quot;http://hevria.com/chaya/how-to-spot-a-sexual-preditor/&quot;&gt;How To Spot A Spiritual Sexual Predator&lt;/a&gt; on &lt;i&gt;Hevria&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  472. &lt;li&gt;Mark Oppenheimer posts a part III to his original NYT piece, at &lt;i&gt;Tablet&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/196355/more-voices-weigh-in-on-marc-gafni-controversy&quot;&gt;More Voices Weigh In on Marc Gafni Controversy&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  473. &lt;/ul&gt;
  474. &lt;b&gt;January 5th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  475. &lt;ul&gt;
  476. &lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Forward&lt;/i&gt; adds its considerable voice again in &lt;span class=&quot;headline&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://forward.com/news/328311/marc-gafni-defends-return-to-spotlight-as-backlash-gathers-steam/&quot;&gt;Marc Gafni Defends Return to Spotlight as Backlash Gathers Steam&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  477. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;headline&quot;&gt;Terry Patton posts &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.terrypatten.com/blog/on-marc-gafni&quot;&gt;On Marc Gafni&lt;/a&gt; at his blog.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  478. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;headline&quot;&gt;Someone called Snarly wrote an excellent, snarky article at &lt;i&gt;SorryWatch&lt;/i&gt; - &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sorrywatch.com/2016/01/05/who-knew-guru/&quot;&gt;Who knew, guru?&lt;/a&gt; - One of the more fun posts.&lt;/li&gt;
  479. &lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Religion Dispatches&lt;/i&gt; posts &lt;a href=&quot;http://religiondispatches.org/the-sex-scandal-following-whole-foods-guru/&quot;&gt;The Sex Scandal Following Whole Foods’ Guru&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  480. &lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Jewish Week&lt;/i&gt; adds another post to their coverage: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thejewishweek.com/news/national/gafni-faces-fallout-new-age-community&quot;&gt;Gafni   Faces Fallout From New Age Community: Deepak Chopra cuts ties  publicly;  Esalen Institute ‘in flux’ over abuse allegations aimed at  former rabbi&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  481. &lt;li&gt;&amp;nbsp;There is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://delicious.com/marcgafni&quot;&gt;Delicious&lt;/a&gt; page with links to many Gafni articles.&lt;/li&gt;
  482. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://alacartespirit.com/2016/01/05/check-engine-of-cars-karma-gurus-and-rabbis/&quot;&gt;CHECK ENGINE: Of Cars, Karma, Gurus and Rabbis&lt;/a&gt; by &lt;span class=&quot;byline&quot;&gt; &lt;a class=&quot;url fn n&quot; href=&quot;http://alacartespirit.com/author/anoli1/&quot; rel=&quot;author&quot; title=&quot;View all posts by ilona fried&quot;&gt;ilona fried&lt;/a&gt; at her blog, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;byline&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://alacartespirit.com/&quot; rel=&quot;home&quot; title=&quot;à la carte spirit by ilona fried&quot;&gt;à la carte spirit&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  483. &lt;/ul&gt;
  484. &lt;/div&gt;
  485. &lt;b&gt;January 6th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  486. &lt;ul&gt;
  487. &lt;li&gt;From &lt;i&gt;The Times of Israel&lt;/i&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.timesofisrael.com/controversial-ex-rabbi-gafni-and-an-alleged-victim-square-off/&quot;&gt;Controversial ex-rabbi Gafni and an alleged victim square off&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  488. &lt;li&gt;A Newswire press release: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.newswire.com/news/marc-gafni-scandals-are-only-the-tip-of-a-melting-iceberg-7222344&quot;&gt;Marc Gafni Scandals Are Only the Tip of a Melting Iceberg&lt;/a&gt;, from Scott &lt;span class=&quot;nanospell-typo&quot;&gt;Edelstein, author of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.amazon.com/Sex-Spiritual-Teacher-Happens-Problem/dp/0861715969/ref=as_sl_pc_ss_til?tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkCode=w01&amp;amp;linkId=U7PP4R724SLE4HI2&amp;amp;creativeASIN=0861715969&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Sex and the Spiritual Teacher&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  489. &lt;li&gt;From the &lt;i&gt;Jewish Journal&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jewishjournal.com/nation/article/petition_against_ex_rabbi_gafni_gains_jewish_community_support&quot;&gt;Petition against ex-rabbi Gafni gains Jewish community support&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  490. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/IntegralChurch/?fref=nf&quot;&gt;Integral Church&lt;/a&gt; posted on Facebook their decision to no longer work with Marc Gafni.&lt;/li&gt;
  491. &lt;/ul&gt;
  492. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  493. &lt;b&gt;January 7th:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  494. &lt;ul&gt;
  495. &lt;li&gt;From the &lt;i&gt;Monteray County Weekly&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.montereycountyweekly.com/news/local_news/abuse-allegations-catch-up-to-a-former-rabbi/article_f8b04bcc-b4cf-11e5-ac49-a75bc369e047.html&quot;&gt;Abuse allegations catch up to a former rabbi&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  496. &lt;li&gt;From the &lt;i&gt;Santa Cruz Sentinel&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/general-news/20160106/new-age-guru-marc-gafni-says-esalen-workshop-still-on-despite-past-misconduct-allegations&quot;&gt;New Age guru Marc Gafni says Esalen workshop still on despite past misconduct allegations&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  497. &lt;li&gt;Elana Sztokman posted &lt;a href=&quot;https://medium.com/@jewfem/on-marc-gafni-the-new-york-times-and-how-sexual-predator-rabbis-get-communal-support-ada9b97d5479#.lw54azend&quot;&gt;On Marc Gafni, the New York Times, and how sexual-predator rabbis get communal support&lt;/a&gt; on &lt;i&gt;Medium. &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  498. &lt;li&gt;From &lt;i&gt;J Weekly&lt;/i&gt; (Northern Cal), &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/76557/social-media-storm-circles-ex-rabbi-alleged-abuser-gafni&quot;&gt;Social media storm circles ex-rabbi, alleged abuser Gafni&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  499. &lt;/ul&gt;
  500. &lt;b&gt;January 8th:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  501. &lt;ul&gt;
  502. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;headline&quot;&gt;Again, from &lt;i&gt;Forward&lt;/i&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;http://forward.com/news/328938/in-recorded-conversation-gafni-considers-strategy-against-critics/#ixzz3wi6UHjOR&quot;&gt;In Recorded Conversation, Gafni Considers Strategy Against Critics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  503. &lt;li&gt;At &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.corpgov.net/&quot;&gt;Corporate Governance&lt;/a&gt;, shit gets real: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.corpgov.net/2016/01/john-mackey-whole-foods-in-spotlight/&quot;&gt;John Mackey &amp;amp; Whole Foods in Spotlight&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
  504. &lt;/ul&gt;
  505. &lt;b&gt;January 9th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  506. &lt;ul&gt;
  507. &lt;li&gt;The post you are reading appeared. As of 1.20.2016, it has more than 1,800 views.&lt;/li&gt;
  508. &lt;/ul&gt;
  509. &lt;b&gt;January 10th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  510. &lt;ul&gt;
  511. &lt;li&gt;From RealNancyLevine: &lt;a href=&quot;https://realnancylevine.wordpress.com/2016/01/10/op-ed-whole-foods-in-hot-water-ceo-linked-to-accused-sex-offender-rabbi/&quot;&gt;Op-Ed: Whole Foods In Hot Water: CEO Linked To Accused Sex-offender Rabbi&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  512. &lt;/ul&gt;
  513. &lt;b&gt;January 12th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  514. &lt;ul&gt;
  515. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;byline&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;author-name&quot; href=&quot;http://forward.com/author/sara-kabakov/&quot;&gt;Sara Kabakov&lt;/a&gt;, Gafni&#39;s first known victim, comes forward to tell her story: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;headline&quot;&gt;‘&lt;a href=&quot;http://forward.com/opinion/329620/i-was-13-when-marc-gafnis-abuse-began/#ixzz3x57SzWMi&quot;&gt;I Was 13 When Marc Gafni’s Abuse Began&lt;/a&gt;’ in &lt;i&gt;Forward&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  516. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;headline&quot;&gt;From a group of former Gafni students (on this blog): &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2016/01/an-open-letter-in-support-of-petition.html&quot;&gt;An Open Letter In Support of the Petition to Stop Marc Gafni (Maggidic Journey Havurah)&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  517. &lt;/ul&gt;
  518. &lt;b&gt;January 13th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  519. &lt;ul&gt;
  520. &lt;li&gt;From &lt;i&gt;Alternet&lt;/i&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.alternet.org/belief/sex-scandal-following-whole-foods-guru&quot;&gt;The  Sex Scandal Following Whole Foods’ Guru: New Age spiritual leader Marc  Gafni&#39;s most noteworthy partnership is with John Mackey, the founder of  Whole Foods Market&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  521. &lt;li&gt;From &lt;i&gt;The Jewish Week&lt;/i&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thejewishweek.com/news/national/former-gafni-students-speak-out-against-him#7b6d6EVlGmTT8xAi.99&quot;&gt;Former  Gafni Students Speak Out Against Him: ‘Open letter’ from ‘maggid’  program attendees disavows ex-rabbi; ‘incredible sense of betrayal’&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/li&gt;
  522. &lt;/ul&gt;
  523. &lt;b&gt;January 14th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  524. &lt;ul&gt;
  525. &lt;li&gt;From &lt;i&gt;Forward&lt;/i&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;http://forward.com/news/330113/marc-gafni-scraps-appearance-at-new-age-retreat-amid-outcry/#ixzz3xhsCvePd&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;headline&quot;&gt;Marc Gafni Scraps Appearance at New Age Retreat Amid Outcry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  526. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;headline&quot;&gt;Also from &lt;i&gt;Forward&lt;/i&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://forward.com/opinion/editorial/329920/lets-reform-sex-abuse-laws-to-offer-justice-not-protect-predators/#ixzz3xhv0jzYX&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;headline&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;headline&quot;&gt;Let&#39;s Reform Sex Abuse Laws To Offer Justice — Not Protect Predators&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;headline&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  527. &lt;/ul&gt;
  528. &lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: currentColor; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;
  529. &lt;b&gt;January 17th:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
  530. &lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: currentColor; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;
  531. &lt;ul&gt;
  532. &lt;li&gt;From me, at this blog: &lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2016/01/why-so-few-of-marc-gafnis-survivors.html&quot;&gt;Why So Few of Marc Gafni&#39;s Survivors Have Come Forward&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  533. &lt;/ul&gt;
  534. &lt;/div&gt;
  535. &lt;b&gt;January 18th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  536. &lt;ul&gt;
  537. &lt;li&gt;From &lt;i&gt;Monterey County NOW&lt;/i&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.montereycountyweekly.com/blogs/news_blog/marc-gafni-spiritual-teacher-under-fire-cancels-esalen-workshop/article_a18620f6-be2a-11e5-a11a-d7518a62f10f.html&quot;&gt;Marc Gafni, spiritual teacher under fire, cancels Esalen workshop&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  538. &lt;li&gt;From Nancy Levine at EpicTimes: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.epictimes.com/nancylevine/2016/01/open-letter-to-whole-foods-ceo-john-mackey-re-marc-gafni/#sthash.2uRfjNy3.dpuf&quot;&gt;Open Letter to Whole Foods CEO John Mackey RE: Marc Gafni&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  539. &lt;/ul&gt;
  540. &lt;b&gt;January 19th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  541. &lt;div class=&quot;copy-paste-block&quot;&gt;
  542. &lt;ul&gt;
  543. &lt;li&gt;From &lt;i&gt;The Jewish Week&lt;/i&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thejewishweek.com/editorial-opinion/opinion/sacrificing-victims-altars-silence-and-power#wGMX58tEUiPZ6TE0.99&quot;&gt;Sacrificing Victims On The Altars Of Silence And Power&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
  544. &lt;/ul&gt;
  545. &lt;/div&gt;
  546. &lt;b&gt;January 20th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  547. &lt;ul&gt;
  548. &lt;li&gt;From Hevria, another Gafni victim comes forward: &lt;a href=&quot;http://hevria.com/anonymous/confronting-relationship-marc-gafni/&quot;&gt;Confronting My Relationship With Marc Gafni&lt;/a&gt;, by Anonymous&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
  549. &lt;li&gt;From the Jewish Star: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thejewishstar.com/stories/The-get-away-with-it-factor,6735&quot;&gt;The ‘get away with it’ factor&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;by Tehilla R. Goldberg, on the cloak of power in pathological leaders.  &lt;/li&gt;
  550. &lt;/ul&gt;
  551. &lt;b&gt;January 21st:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  552. &lt;ul&gt;
  553. &lt;li&gt;From the ValueEdge blog: &lt;a href=&quot;http://valueedgeadvisors.com/2016/01/21/how-should-whole-foods-respond-to-a-scandal-involving-the-ceos-outside-activities/&quot;&gt;How Should Whole Foods Respond to a Scandal Involving the CEO’s Outside Activities?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  554. &lt;li&gt;From the &lt;i&gt;Non-Profit Quarterly&lt;/i&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;http://nonprofitquarterly.org/2016/01/21/the-whole-mess-at-whole-foods-questions-of-leadership-and-the-personal-sphere/&quot;&gt;The Whole Mess at Whole Foods: Questions of Leadership and the Personal Sphere&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  555. &lt;/ul&gt;
  556. &lt;b&gt;January 22nd:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  557. &lt;ul&gt;
  558. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.huffingtonpost.com/carolyn-baker/in-the-shadow-of-new-age-_1_b_9032460.html&quot;&gt;In the Shadow of New Age Spirituality&lt;/a&gt; by &lt;a class=&quot;author-card__details__name&quot; data-beacon=&quot;{&amp;quot;p&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;lnid&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;author&amp;quot;}}&quot; href=&quot;http://www.huffingtonpost.com/carolyn-baker&quot;&gt;Carolyn Baker&lt;/a&gt; (author of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.amazon.com/DARK-GOLD-SHADOW-GLOBAL-CRISIS/dp/1944505261/ref=as_sl_pc_ss_til?tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkCode=w01&amp;amp;linkId=465QZTDECPRYD5X7&amp;amp;creativeASIN=1944505261&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Dark Gold: The Human Shadow And The Global Crisis&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;at Huffington Post&lt;/li&gt;
  559. &lt;/ul&gt;
  560. &lt;b&gt;January 25th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  561. &lt;ul&gt;
  562. &lt;li&gt;From Nancy Levine at &lt;i&gt;EpicTimes&lt;/i&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.epictimes.com/nancylevine/2016/01/joe-biden-at-davos-on-violence-against-women-goldman-sachs-whole-foods-and-corporate-social-responsibility/#sthash.gQWEGQIH.dpuf&quot;&gt;Joe  Biden at Davos on Violence Against Women: Goldman Sachs, Whole Foods,  and Corporate Social Responsibility&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/li&gt;
  563. &lt;/ul&gt;
  564. &lt;ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
  565. &lt;b&gt;January 26th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  566. &lt;ul&gt;
  567. &lt;li&gt;At Hevria: &lt;a href=&quot;http://hevria.com/anonymous/woman-slept-husband/&quot;&gt;To The Woman Who Slept With My Husband&lt;/a&gt;, by &lt;a href=&quot;http://hevria.com/author/anonymous/&quot;&gt;Anonymous&lt;/a&gt; (Gafni&#39;s 3rd ex-wife)&lt;/li&gt;
  568. &lt;/ul&gt;
  569. &lt;b&gt;January 30, 2016:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  570. &lt;ul&gt;
  571. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://arjunaardagh.com/bittersweet/&quot;&gt;The Bittersweet Aftertaste of Marc Gafni&lt;/a&gt; by &lt;a href=&quot;http://arjunaardagh.com/&quot;&gt;Arjuna Ardagh&lt;/a&gt; (this post is &lt;i&gt;needtoknow&lt;/i&gt; password protected)&lt;/li&gt;
  572. &lt;/ul&gt;
  573. &lt;div class=&quot;post-title entry-title&quot; itemprop=&quot;name&quot;&gt;
  574. &lt;b&gt;January 2016:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  575. &lt;ul&gt;
  576. &lt;li&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.strippingthegurus.com/index.html#stgtoc&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Stripping the Gurus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt; by Geoffrey Falk: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.strippingthegurus.com/stgsamplechapters/wilbergafni.html&quot;&gt;Appendix III: On Ken Wilber, Ex-Rabbi Marc Gafni, and Integral Blindness&lt;/a&gt; (original publication 2009, this Appendix was added in light of the current controversy)&lt;/li&gt;
  577. &lt;/ul&gt;
  578. &lt;b&gt;February 2, 2016:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  579. &lt;ul&gt;
  580. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.huffingtonpost.com/carolyn-baker/the-global-implications-o_b_9120574.html&quot;&gt;The Global Implications Of The Marc Gafni Scandal&lt;/a&gt; by Caroline Baker at &lt;i&gt;Huffington Post&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  581. &lt;/ul&gt;
  582. &lt;b&gt;February 3, 2016:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  583. &lt;ul&gt;
  584. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.opendemocracy.net/transformation/michael-schulson/sex-scandal-following-whole-foods-guru&quot;&gt;The sex scandal following the Whole Foods’ guru&lt;/a&gt; by&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;authors pf-author&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.opendemocracy.net/author/michael-schulson&quot;&gt;Michael Schulson&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; at &lt;i&gt;Open Democracy&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  585. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.epictimes.com/nancylevine/2016/02/new-york-times-silent-on-alleged-sex-abuser-rabbi/&quot;&gt;New York Times Silent On Alleged Sex Abuser Rabbi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot;&gt;: The curious connection between the New York Times, Whole Foods, and a sexually abusive Rabbi &lt;/a&gt;by Nancy Levine at &lt;i&gt;EpicTimes&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  586. &lt;/ul&gt;
  587. &lt;b&gt;February 8, 2016:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  588. &lt;ul&gt;
  589. &lt;li&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://hevria.com/&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Hevria&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, by Gafni&#39;s 3rd ex-wife: &lt;a href=&quot;http://hevria.com/anonymous/admit-using-gafni/&quot;&gt;I Admit It, I Was Using Gafni Too&lt;/a&gt; - The last half of this article contains a survey of Gafni&#39;s victims (up to 2006) give by the author as part of her research for her MA in Clinical Psychology.&lt;/li&gt;
  590. &lt;/ul&gt;
  591. &lt;b&gt;February 18, 2016:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  592. &lt;ul&gt;
  593. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.change.org/p/whole-foods-www-esalen-com-stop-marc-gafni-from-abusing-again/u/15507946?tk=MP9e4SgMIl_OzPSISI8w7CqKKzSUZrVuxEmwPZcJVY0&quot;&gt;Petition update: Wilber and Gafni by David Ingber&lt;/a&gt;. Rabbi Ingber provides a form letter to be sent to the producers at Wisdom 2.0 encouraging them to drop Ken Wilber as a presenter due to his support and defense of Marc Gafni.&lt;/li&gt;
  594. &lt;/ul&gt;
  595. &lt;b&gt;February 22, 2016: &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  596. &lt;ul&gt;
  597. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://business-ethics.com/2016/02/22/1359-spotlight-on-whole-foods-ceos-ties-to-spiritual-leader-with-troubled-past/&quot;&gt;Spotlight on Whole Foods CEO’s Ties to ‘Spiritual Leader with Troubled Past’&lt;/a&gt; by Gael O&#39;Brien at &lt;a href=&quot;http://business-ethics.com/&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Business Ethics&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  598. &lt;/ul&gt;
  599. &lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  600. &lt;b&gt;February 29, 2016:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  601. &lt;ul&gt;
  602. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://wearyourvoicemag.com/more/social-justice/marc-gafni-sexual-assault&quot;&gt;As Spotlight Wins Oscar, Silence Surrounds Ex-Rabbi Marc Gafni’s Alleged Misdeeds&lt;/a&gt; by Nancy Levine at &lt;a href=&quot;http://wearyourvoicemag.com/&quot;&gt;Wear Your Voice&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  603. &lt;/ul&gt;
  604. &lt;b&gt;March 1, 2016:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  605. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  606. &lt;ul&gt;
  607. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/FamiliesAgainstCultTeachings/photos/a.555745237800487.1073741827.500307073344304/1035682393140100/?type=3&quot;&gt;Marc Gafni Expose – Introduction&lt;/a&gt; from the Facebook page for &lt;span class=&quot;fwn fcg&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fwb fcg&quot; data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;k&amp;quot;}&quot;&gt;&lt;a data-hovercard=&quot;/ajax/hovercard/page.php?id=500307073344304&amp;amp;extragetparams=%7B%22fref%22%3A%22nf%22%7D&quot; href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/FamiliesAgainstCultTeachings/?fref=nf&quot; id=&quot;js_m&quot;&gt;Families Against Cult Teachings, Inc.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  608. &lt;/ul&gt;
  609. &lt;/div&gt;
  610. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  611. &lt;b&gt;March 2, 2016:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  612. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  613. &lt;ul&gt;
  614. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/FamiliesAgainstCultTeachings/posts/1036382029736803&quot;&gt;Marc Gafni Expose – Part 2&lt;/a&gt; from the Facebook page for &lt;span class=&quot;fwn fcg&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fwb fcg&quot; data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;k&amp;quot;}&quot;&gt;&lt;a data-hovercard=&quot;/ajax/hovercard/page.php?id=500307073344304&amp;amp;extragetparams=%7B%22fref%22%3A%22nf%22%7D&quot; href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/FamiliesAgainstCultTeachings/?fref=nf&quot; id=&quot;js_m&quot;&gt;Families Against Cult Teachings, Inc.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  615. &lt;/ul&gt;
  616. &lt;/div&gt;
  617. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  618. &lt;b&gt;March 3, 2016:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  619. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  620. &lt;ul&gt;
  621. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/FamiliesAgainstCultTeachings/photos/a.555745237800487.1073741827.500307073344304/1037005653007774/?type=3&quot;&gt;Marc Gafni Expose -- Part 3 -- Bayit Chadash&lt;/a&gt; from the Facebook page for &lt;span class=&quot;fwn fcg&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fwb fcg&quot; data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;k&amp;quot;}&quot;&gt;&lt;a data-hovercard=&quot;/ajax/hovercard/page.php?id=500307073344304&amp;amp;extragetparams=%7B%22fref%22%3A%22nf%22%7D&quot; href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/FamiliesAgainstCultTeachings/?fref=nf&quot; id=&quot;js_m&quot;&gt;Families Against Cult Teachings, Inc.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  622. &lt;/ul&gt;
  623. &lt;/div&gt;
  624. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  625. &lt;b&gt;March 4, 2016:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  626. &lt;ul&gt;
  627. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/FamiliesAgainstCultTeachings/posts/1037758182932521&quot;&gt;Marc Gafni Expose -- Part 4&lt;/a&gt; from the Facebook page for &lt;span class=&quot;fwn fcg&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fwb fcg&quot; data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;k&amp;quot;}&quot;&gt;&lt;a data-hovercard=&quot;/ajax/hovercard/page.php?id=500307073344304&amp;amp;extragetparams=%7B%22fref%22%3A%22nf%22%7D&quot; href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/FamiliesAgainstCultTeachings/?fref=nf&quot; id=&quot;js_m&quot;&gt;Families Against Cult Teachings, Inc.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  628. &lt;/ul&gt;
  629. &lt;b&gt;March 7, 2016:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  630. &lt;ul&gt;
  631. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/FamiliesAgainstCultTeachings/photos/a.555745237800487.1073741827.500307073344304/1039875096054163/?type=3&quot;&gt;Marc Gafni Expose – Conclusion&lt;/a&gt; from the Facebook page for &lt;span class=&quot;fwn fcg&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fwb fcg&quot; data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;k&amp;quot;}&quot;&gt;&lt;a data-hovercard=&quot;/ajax/hovercard/page.php?id=500307073344304&amp;amp;extragetparams=%7B%22fref%22%3A%22nf%22%7D&quot; href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/FamiliesAgainstCultTeachings/?fref=nf&quot; id=&quot;js_m&quot;&gt;Families Against Cult Teachings, Inc.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  632. &lt;/ul&gt;
  633. &lt;b&gt;
  634. March 12, 2016:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  635. &lt;ul&gt;
  636. &lt;li&gt;Nancy Levine at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.epictimes.com/&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Epic Times&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.epictimes.com/nancylevine/2016/03/whole-foods-ceo-link-to-alleged-sex-abuse-rabbi-condemned/&quot;&gt;Whole Foods CEO Link To Alleged Sex-Abuse Rabbi Condemned: Time To Break The Code of Silence&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  637. &lt;/ul&gt;
  638. &lt;br /&gt;
  639. As  readers of this blog are well-aware, I have been  tracking and reporting  on Gafni and his predatory behaviors since May  of 2006, when&amp;nbsp;three  women (Gafni was 46, they were in their 20s) in his  Israeli Jewish  community came forward about him having affairs with  each of them and  swearing them to secrecy. [&lt;a href=&quot;http://forward.com/news/965/rabbi-fired-over-sex-claims-defenders-offer-mea-c/&quot;&gt;Other reports&lt;/a&gt;   placed the number at five women, three of whom filed complaints with   the police, as well as others from the community and from Jerusalem who   came forward when the story broke.]&lt;br /&gt;
  640. &lt;br /&gt;
  641. Here are some old posts from this blog:&lt;br /&gt;
  642. &lt;ul&gt;
  643. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;PXLWASD-F-i&quot; href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2006/05/ken-wilber-on-rabbi-marc-gafnis-sexual.html&quot;&gt;Ken Wilber on Rabbi Marc Gafni&#39;s Sexual Misconduct&lt;/a&gt; May, 16, 2006&lt;/li&gt;
  644. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2006/05/more-on-marc-gafni.html&quot;&gt;More on Marc Gafni&lt;/a&gt; May 16, 2006&lt;/li&gt;
  645. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2008/07/abusive-gurus-return-of-marc-gafni.html&quot;&gt;Abusive Gurus -The Return of Marc Gafni [Updated]&lt;/a&gt; July 7, 2008&lt;/li&gt;
  646. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2008/07/marc-gafni-update-confessionapology.html&quot;&gt;Marc Gafni Update &amp;amp; A Confession/Apology&lt;/a&gt; July 12, 2008&lt;/li&gt;
  647. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2008/07/notice-to-marc-gafni-supporters.html&quot;&gt;Notice to Marc Gafni Supporters&lt;/a&gt; July 13, 2008&lt;/li&gt;
  648. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2010/03/how-to-have-relationships-integral.html&quot;&gt;How to Have Relationships the Integral Narcissist Way&lt;/a&gt; March24, 2010&lt;/li&gt;
  649. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2010/07/why-is-marc-gafni-featured-in-3.html&quot;&gt;Why Is Marc Gafni Featured in 3 Sessions at the 2010 Integral Theory Conference?&lt;/a&gt; July 27, 2010 &lt;/li&gt;
  650. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;PXLWASD-F-i&quot; href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2010/08/comments-reopened-on-itc2010-marc-gafni.html&quot;&gt;Comments Reopened on the #ITC2010 Marc Gafni Post&lt;/a&gt; August 8, 2010&lt;/li&gt;
  651. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2010/08/updated-plagiarism-marc-gafni.html&quot;&gt;[UPDATED] Plagiarism: Marc Gafni Plagiarized Alan Barstow and Diane Hamilton Took the Fall&lt;/a&gt; August 8, 2010&lt;/li&gt;
  652. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2010/08/rocky-andersons-personal-statement-on.html&quot;&gt;Rocky Anderson&#39;s Personal Statement on Gafni&#39;s Plagiarism&lt;/a&gt; August 9, 2010&lt;/li&gt;
  653. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2011/09/breaking-marc-gafnis-sexual-impropriety.html&quot;&gt;BREAKING: Marc Gafni&#39;s Sexual Impropriety Re- Emerges - Will Integral Leadership Step Up this Time?&lt;/a&gt; September 12, 2011&lt;/li&gt;
  654. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2011/09/robb-smiths-response-to-march-gafni.html&quot;&gt;Robb Smith&#39;s Response to the Marc Gafni Situation&lt;/a&gt; September 13, 2011&lt;/li&gt;
  655. &lt;li&gt;&lt;div __gwt_cell=&quot;cell-gwt-uid-42762&quot; style=&quot;outline-style: none;&quot;&gt;
  656. &lt;/div&gt;
  657. &lt;a class=&quot;PXLWASD-F-i&quot; href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2011/09/diane-hamilton-owns-her-role-in-gafni.html&quot;&gt;Diane Hamilton Owns Her Role in the Gafni Situation&lt;/a&gt; September 14, 2011&amp;nbsp; &lt;/li&gt;
  658. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2011/09/john-dupuy-my-opinion-on-marc-gafni.html&quot;&gt;John Dupuy - My Opinion on the Marc Gafni Situation&lt;/a&gt; September 22, 2011&lt;/li&gt;
  659. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2011/09/joe-perez-joins-protect-marc-gafni-camp.html&quot;&gt;Joe Perez Joins the &quot;Protect Marc Gafni&quot; Camp&lt;/a&gt; September 26, 2011 &lt;/li&gt;
  660. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;PXLWASD-F-i&quot; href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2011/10/open-letter-to-joe-perez-on-attacking.html&quot;&gt;Open Letter to Joe Perez on Attacking Tami Simon&lt;/a&gt; October 3, 2011 &lt;/li&gt;
  661. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2011/10/ken-wilbers-says-whole-lot-of-nothing.html&quot;&gt;Ken Wilber Says a Whole Lot of Nothing about the Latest Gafni &quot;Debacle&quot;&lt;/a&gt; October 7, 2011&lt;/li&gt;
  662. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2011/12/tikkun-zvi-bellin-recounts-his.html&quot;&gt;Tikkun - Zvi Bellin Recounts His Experience as Marc Gafni&#39;s Student in Israel&lt;/a&gt; December 16, 2011&lt;/li&gt;
  663. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;PXLWASD-F-i&quot; href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2011/12/ken-wilber-offers-his-final-statement.html&quot;&gt;Ken Wilber Offers His Final Statement on Marc Gafni&lt;/a&gt; December 26, 2011&lt;/li&gt;
  664. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;PXLWASD-F-i&quot; href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2012/01/integrales-forum-statement-on-sexual.html&quot;&gt;INTEGRALES FORUM  - A Statement on Sexual Ethics&lt;/a&gt; January 27, 2012&lt;/li&gt;
  665. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;PXLWASD-F-i&quot; href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2013/05/joel-kramer-and-diana-alstad-gurus-and.html&quot;&gt;Joel Kramer and Diana Alstad - Gurus and the Masks of Authoritarian Power&lt;/a&gt; May 29, 2013&lt;/li&gt;
  666. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;PXLWASD-F-i&quot; href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2014/04/why-predators-are-attracted-to-careers.html&quot;&gt;Why Predators Are Attracted to Careers In The Clergy&lt;/a&gt; April 22, 2014 &lt;/li&gt;
  667. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2015/05/how-perpetrators-make-themselves.html&quot;&gt;How Perpetrators Make Themselves the Vicitms: &quot;Deny, Attack, and Reverse Victim and Offender&quot; (DARVO)&lt;/a&gt; May 28, 2015&lt;/li&gt;
  668. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;PXLWASD-F-i&quot; href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2015/07/cults-and-intelligent-sociopaths.html&quot;&gt;Cults and Intelligent Sociopaths&lt;/a&gt; July 15, 2015&lt;/li&gt;
  669. &lt;/ul&gt;
  670. &lt;/div&gt;
  671. &lt;b&gt;Marc Gafni on the Web, prior to this recent episode. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;[In progress]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  672. &lt;br /&gt;
  673. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;While Marc Gafni&#39;s sexual abuses (2 statutory rapes in the 1980s) go way back (as well as a series of incidents in Boca Raton in the brief time he was there), the 2004 story by Gary Rosenblatt in the Jewish Journal was the breakthrough piece.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  674. &lt;br /&gt;
  675. &lt;b&gt;September 30, 2004&lt;/b&gt; (The is the first known article that exposes Gafni&#39;s abuses): &lt;br /&gt;
  676. &lt;ul&gt;
  677. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jewishjournal.com/community_briefs/article/unforgiven_20041001&quot;&gt;UNFORGIVEN: A Rabbi Accused of Sexual Abuse Seeks to Reinvent Himself&lt;/a&gt;, from the &lt;i&gt;Jewish Journal&lt;/i&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  678. &lt;/ul&gt;
  679. &lt;b&gt;October 4, 2004: &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  680. &lt;ul&gt;
  681. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://yourmoralleader.blogspot.com/2004/10/on-trail-of-mordecai-gafnis-lies.html&quot;&gt;Mordecai Gafni At Oxford&lt;/a&gt; by Luke Ford at &lt;a href=&quot;http://yourmoralleader.blogspot.com/&quot;&gt;Your Moral Leader&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  682. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://yourmoralleader.blogspot.com/2004/10/in-defense-of-rabbi-mordecai-gafni.html&quot;&gt;In Defense Of Rabbi Mordecai Gafni&lt;/a&gt; (letters from Rabbi Saul J. Berman, Rabbi Joseph Telushkin, Rabbi Tirzah Firestone, and Jacob Ner-David, Avraham Leader, Neil Markowitz - board members of Bayit Chadash in defense of Gafni following Rosenblatt&#39;s article) by Luke Ford at &lt;a href=&quot;http://yourmoralleader.blogspot.com/&quot;&gt;Your Moral Leader&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  683. &lt;/ul&gt;
  684. &lt;b&gt;October 12, 2004:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  685. &lt;ul&gt;
  686. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://yourmoralleader.blogspot.com/2004/10/rabbi-gafni-to-21-yo-susan-male-sexual.html&quot;&gt;Rabbi Gafni to 21 yo Susan: &#39;Male Sexual Health. I bet there&#39;s a lot you could teach me about that.&#39;&lt;/a&gt; (statement from Susan, the friend Judy Mintzer spoke to after being abused [raped] by Gafni, then Mordecai Winiarz) from &lt;a href=&quot;http://yourmoralleader.blogspot.com/&quot;&gt;Your Moral Leader&lt;/a&gt; (Luke Ford)&lt;/li&gt;
  687. &lt;/ul&gt;
  688. &lt;b&gt;October 13, 2004: &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  689. &lt;ul&gt;
  690. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://yourmoralleader.blogspot.com/2004/10/rabbi-mordecai-gafnis-teachings-to.html&quot;&gt;Rabbi Mordecai Gafni&#39;s Teachings to a Teenage Girl&lt;/a&gt; (then anonymous statements by Sara&amp;nbsp;Kabakov, Gafni&#39;s first known, 13-yr-old victim) from &lt;a href=&quot;http://yourmoralleader.blogspot.com/&quot;&gt;Your Moral Leader&lt;/a&gt; (Luke Ford)&lt;/li&gt;
  691. &lt;/ul&gt;
  692. &lt;b&gt;October 14, 2004:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  693. &lt;ul&gt;
  694. &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://yourmoralleader.blogspot.com/2004/10/rabbi-yosef-blau-on-mordecai-gafni.html&quot;&gt;Rabbi Yosef Blau On Mordecai Gafni&lt;/a&gt; (Luke Ford speaks by phone with rabbi Yosef Blau of Yeshiva University, Oct. 12, 2004) from &lt;a href=&quot;http://yourmoralleader.blogspot.com/&quot;&gt;Your Moral Leader&lt;/a&gt; (Luke Ford) &lt;/li&gt;
  695. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://yourmoralleader.blogspot.com/2004/10/maariv-profiles-mordecai-gafni.html&quot;&gt;Maariv Profiles Mordecai Gafni&lt;/a&gt; at &lt;a href=&quot;http://yourmoralleader.blogspot.com/&quot;&gt;Your Moral Leader&lt;/a&gt; (Luke Ford)&lt;/li&gt;
  696. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20090110161445/http://www.theawarenesscenter.org/GafniPleasantness.html&quot;&gt;Ways of Pleasantness&lt;/a&gt;, by Sherri Makover-Balikov at Maariv via the Awareness Center (and the &lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/&quot;&gt;Internet Archive Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;) - This is the article Luke Ford posted on above. This is the only copy I have been able to find.&lt;/li&gt;
  697. &lt;/ul&gt;
  698. &lt;b&gt;December 20, 2004: &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  699. &lt;ul&gt;
  700. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://jewishwhistleblower.blogspot.com/2004/12/rabbi-gafniwiniarz-revelations.html&quot;&gt;Rabbi Gafni/Winiarz revelations: censured by FL rabbinical association for inappropriate behavior (censure later withdrawn), supported JFK at age of 3&lt;/a&gt;, from Jewish Whistleblower&lt;/li&gt;
  701. &lt;/ul&gt;
  702. &lt;b&gt;2004 - 2008:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  703. &lt;ul&gt;
  704. &lt;li&gt;Luke Ford&#39;s two lengthy profiles on Marc Gafni (part confrontational and part sycophantic):&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lukeford.net/profiles/profiles/mordecai_gafni.htm&quot;&gt; Part 1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lukeford.net/profiles/profiles/mordecai_gafni1.htm&quot;&gt;Part 2&lt;/a&gt; - (these posts gather blogs from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lukeford.net/&quot;&gt;Luke Ford&#39;s own site&lt;/a&gt;, and his &lt;a href=&quot;http://yourmoralleader.blogspot.com/&quot;&gt;Your Moral Leader&lt;/a&gt; site into 2 long posts)&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  705. &lt;/ul&gt;
  706. &lt;b&gt;May 11, 2006:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  707. &lt;ul&gt;
  708. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://jewschool.com/2006/05/10573/gafni-strikes-again/&quot;&gt;Gafni Strikes Again&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href=&quot;http://jewschool.com/&quot;&gt;Jew School&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  709. &lt;/ul&gt;
  710. &lt;div class=&quot;post-title entry-title&quot; itemprop=&quot;name&quot;&gt;
  711. &lt;b&gt;May 15, 2006 - September 13, 2011:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  712. &lt;ul&gt;
  713. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://nhne-pulse.org/rabbi-marc-gafni-sexual-improprieties/&quot;&gt;Rabbi Marc Gafni and Sexual Improprieties&lt;/a&gt; at NHNE Pulse - This post covers &lt;b&gt;Rabbi Marc Gafni &amp;amp; Sexual Improprieties by Ken Wilber&lt;/b&gt; (Ken&#39;s original statement, May 15, 2006, the letter from Bayit Chadash, Gafni&#39;s apology and claim to sickness, Gafni&#39;s recanting of his original apology and now total denial of wrong-doing, and links, most of which do not work now);&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Love and Suffering: Dr. Marc Gafni Reemerges&lt;/b&gt; by Robb Smith in Integral Life (November 3rd, 2008 - includes&amp;nbsp;Spiritual Teachers Letter From Sally Kempton, Gabriel Cousens, M.D., and John Kesler); &lt;b&gt;Marc Gafni&#39;s Sexual Impropriety Re-Emerges – Will Integral Leadership Step Up this Time? &lt;/b&gt;by William Harryman at Integral Options Cafe (September 12, 2011); and &lt;b&gt;Where I Stand&lt;/b&gt; by Robb Smith at Integral Life (September 13, 2011) &lt;/li&gt;
  714. &lt;/ul&gt;
  715. &lt;b&gt;May 18, 2006:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  716. &lt;ul&gt;
  717. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bishop-accountability.org/news2006/05_06/2006_05_18_JTA_RabbiDogged.htm&quot;&gt;Rabbi Dogged by Sex Scandal&lt;/a&gt; at &lt;a class=&quot;header&quot; href=&quot;http://www.bishop-accountability.org/&quot;&gt;BishopAccountability.org&lt;/a&gt; via &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jta.org/&quot;&gt;Jewish Telegraphic Agency&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  718. &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  719. &lt;/ul&gt;
  720. &lt;b&gt;May 19, 2006:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  721. &lt;ul&gt;
  722. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://forward.com/news/965/rabbi-fired-over-sex-claims-defenders-offer-mea-c/#ixzz3yrQ32yI5&quot;&gt;Rabbi Fired Over Sex Claims, Defenders Offer Mea Culpa&lt;/a&gt;, by &lt;a href=&quot;http://forward.com/author/jennifer-siegel/&quot;&gt;Jennifer Siegel&lt;/a&gt; at &lt;i&gt;Forward&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  723. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bishop-accountability.org/news2006/05_06/2006_05_19_Friedman_FactsIn.htm&quot;&gt;Facts in Gafni Case Must Be Brought to Light:&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;Rape Charge against Controversial Rabbi Offers Rare Chance for Bi-Partisan, International Cooperation&lt;/a&gt; at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bishop-accountability.org/&quot;&gt;BishopAccountability.org&lt;/a&gt; via YNet&lt;/li&gt;
  724. &lt;/ul&gt;
  725. &lt;b&gt;May 23, 2006:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  726. &lt;ul&gt;
  727. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theawarenesscenter.org/gafni_mordechai.html&quot;&gt;Rabbi Kenneth Hain&#39;s Part in Protecting Rabbi Mordechai Gafni&lt;/a&gt; from&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://jewishsurvivors.blogspot.com/&quot;&gt;Jewish Survivors of Sexual Violence Speak Out&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  728. &lt;/ul&gt;
  729. &lt;b&gt;May 25, 2006:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  730. &lt;ul&gt;
  731. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jewishjournal.com/community_briefs/article/rabbi_gafni_ousted_for_misconduct_20060526&quot;&gt;Rabbi Gafni Ousted for Misconduct&lt;/a&gt; by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jewishjournal.com/about/author/250&quot;&gt;Gary Rosenblatt&lt;/a&gt;at &lt;i&gt;Jewish Journal&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  732. &lt;/ul&gt;
  733. &lt;/div&gt;
  734. &lt;div class=&quot;post-title entry-title&quot; itemprop=&quot;name&quot;&gt;
  735. &lt;b&gt;June 16, 2006: &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  736. &lt;div class=&quot;post-title entry-title&quot; itemprop=&quot;name&quot;&gt;
  737. &lt;ul&gt;
  738. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://jewishsurvivors.blogspot.com/2006/06/is-gary-rosenblatt-reinventing-history.html&quot;&gt;Is Gary Rosenblatt reinventing history when it comes to the case of Rabbi Mordechai Gafni?&lt;/a&gt; at &lt;a href=&quot;http://jewishsurvivors.blogspot.com/&quot;&gt;Jewish Survivors of Sexual Violence Speak Out&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  739. &lt;/ul&gt;
  740. &lt;/div&gt;
  741. &lt;div class=&quot;post-title entry-title&quot; itemprop=&quot;name&quot;&gt;
  742. &lt;b&gt;June 27, 2006:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;115144900373058581&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;               &lt;br /&gt;
  743. &lt;ul&gt;
  744. &lt;li&gt;   &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theawarenesscenter.org/gafni_mordechai.html&quot; title=&quot;external link&quot;&gt;   &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Deposition Of Mordecai Gafni&#39;s Third Wife&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; at &lt;a href=&quot;http://jewishsurvivors.blogspot.com/&quot;&gt;Jewish Survivors of Sexual Violence Speak Out&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  745. &lt;/ul&gt;
  746. &lt;/div&gt;
  747. &lt;div class=&quot;post-title entry-title&quot; itemprop=&quot;name&quot;&gt;
  748. &lt;center&gt;
  749. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
  750. &lt;b&gt;May 1, 2007:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  751. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
  752. &lt;ul&gt;
  753. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bishop-accountability.org/news2007/05_06/2007_05_01_Polin_CallTo.htm&quot;&gt;Call to Action: Locating Rabbi Mordechai Gafni and His Return to Israel&lt;/a&gt; by Vicki Pollan of the Awareness Center, via &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bishop-accountability.org/&quot;&gt;BishopAccountability.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  754. &lt;/ul&gt;
  755. &lt;/div&gt;
  756. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
  757. &lt;b&gt;July 8, 2008:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  758. &lt;ul&gt;
  759. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jta.org/2008/07/08/life-religion/rabbi-fights-sexual-allegations&quot;&gt;Rabbi fights sexual allegations&lt;/a&gt; by &lt;span class=&quot;author&quot; itemprop=&quot;author&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;url fn n&quot; href=&quot;http://www.jta.org/author/ben-harris/&quot; title=&quot;View All Posts by Ben Harris&quot;&gt;Ben Harris&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; at the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jta.org/&quot;&gt;Jewish Telegraphic Agency&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  760. &lt;/ul&gt;
  761. &lt;/div&gt;
  762. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
  763. &lt;b&gt;July 10, 2008:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  764. &lt;ul&gt;
  765. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jta.org/2008/07/10/archive/seeking-to-relaunch-career-disgraced-rabbi-fights-against-sexual-allegations&quot;&gt;Seeking to Relaunch Career, Disgraced Rabbi Fights Against Sexual Allegations&lt;/a&gt; at the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jta.org/&quot;&gt;Jewish Telegraphic Agency&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  766. &lt;/ul&gt;
  767. &lt;/div&gt;
  768. &lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
  769. &lt;b&gt;July 17, 2008: &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  770. &lt;div class=&quot;copy-paste-block&quot;&gt;
  771. &lt;ul&gt;
  772. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thejewishweek.com/editorial-opinion/opinion/mordechai-gafni-back-utah-and-going-offense&quot;&gt;Mordechai Gafni Is Back, In Utah, And Going On Offense&lt;/a&gt; by Gary Rosenblatt at &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thejewishweek.com/&quot;&gt;The Jewish Week&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  773. &lt;/ul&gt;
  774. &lt;/div&gt;
  775. &lt;b&gt;July 20, 2008:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  776. &lt;ul&gt;
  777. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://catalystmagazine.net/contribute/item/616-trial-by-internet-an-archetypal-spiritual-drama&quot;&gt;Trial by Internet? An “archetypal spiritual drama”&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;by Jeff Bell and Greta DeJong at &lt;i&gt;The Catalyst&lt;/i&gt; (This was Gafni&#39;s article, written by him with Bell; the rumor is that he seduced the editor/publisher/founder of the magazine, Ms. DeJong, to get this published. Gafni frames himself as &quot;the hero of a spiritual epic.&quot;) &lt;/li&gt;
  778. &lt;/ul&gt;
  779. &lt;b&gt;January 9, 2009:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  780. &lt;ul&gt;
  781. &lt;li&gt;Moshe Kranc - &lt;a href=&quot;http://hasidicmanagement.blogspot.com/2009/01/choose-mentor-carefully.html&quot;&gt;Choose a Mentor Carefully&lt;/a&gt;, at the&amp;nbsp;Hassidic Management blog, in which he relates his experience with Gafni.&lt;/li&gt;
  782. &lt;/ul&gt;
  783. &lt;b&gt;May 26, 2010:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  784. &lt;ul&gt;
  785. &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20100526160742/http://www.theawarenesscenter.org/gafni_mordechai.html&quot;&gt;Case of Rabbi Mordechai Gafni  (AKA: Marc Israel, Marc Gafni, Mark Gafni, Mordy Gafni, Marc Winiarz, Mordechai Winiarz, Mordechai Winyarz)&lt;/a&gt; at The Awareness Center (via the &lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/&quot;&gt;Internet Archive Wayback Machine&lt;/a&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
  786. &lt;/ul&gt;
  787. &lt;br /&gt;
  788. &lt;b&gt;February 13, 2015 &lt;/b&gt;(with several updates)&lt;b&gt;:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  789. &lt;ul&gt;
  790. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.killingmycareer.com/the-sociopathic-business-model/boycott-the-huffington-post-for-supporting-known-child-rapist-marc-gafni/&quot;&gt;HACK ATTEMPT Boycott The Huffington Post for Supporting Known Child Rapist Marc Gafni &amp;amp; “Demoralizing” Employees&lt;/a&gt; by Melayna Lokosky at Huffington Post&lt;/li&gt;
  791. &lt;/ul&gt;
  792. &lt;b&gt;September 1, 2015:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  793. &lt;ul&gt;
  794. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://forward.com/sisterhood/320192/when-high-profile-sexual-predators-find-high-profile-support/&quot;&gt;When High-Profile Sexual Predators Find High-Profile Support&lt;/a&gt; by &lt;a class=&quot;post-meta-link&quot; href=&quot;http://forward.com/author/elana-sztokman/&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;post-author&quot;&gt;Elana Sztokman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; at Forward&lt;/li&gt;
  795. &lt;/ul&gt;
  796. &lt;/div&gt;
  797. &lt;/center&gt;
  798. &lt;/div&gt;
  799. </description><link>http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2016/01/a-regularly-updated-list-of-current.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (william harryman)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13617569.post-7777228526930608425</guid><pubDate>Sun, 17 Jan 2016 23:38:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2016-01-24T07:10:34.283-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">DARVO</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">manipulation</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Marc Gafni</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">narcissism</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">psychopath</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">psychopathy</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Robert Hare</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">sexual trauma</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">sociopaths</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">sociopathy</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">survivors</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">trauma bonds</category><title>Why So Few of Marc Gafni&#39;s Survivors Have Come Forward</title><description>As of today, only two survivors of Marc Gafni&#39;s (also known as Mordechai Gafni, Mordechai&amp;nbsp;Winiarz, or Mordechai Winyarz)&amp;nbsp;abuses have come forward with their names and their stories. They are the two who were youngest (that we know about) and&amp;nbsp;who were raped (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theassofdeath.com/2015/12/not-just-a-man-with-a-troubled-past-a-sexual-predator/&quot;&gt;Judy Mitzner Rogers&lt;/a&gt; and now&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://t.co/JPq4pnfENw&quot;&gt;Sara Kabakov&lt;/a&gt;).&amp;nbsp;Gafni&#39;s 3rd ex-wife&amp;nbsp;came forward with her story, both in &lt;a href=&quot;http://jewishsurvivors.blogspot.com/2006/06/deposition-of-mordecai-gafnis-third.html&quot;&gt;a deposition by email many years ago&lt;/a&gt;, and recently in a first-person account in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://blogs.timesofisrael.com/from-one-gafni-victim/&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Times of Israel&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, of&amp;nbsp; life being married to Gafni, but she has chosen not to have her name attached to those stories.&lt;br /&gt;
  800. &lt;br /&gt;
  801. [See also, &lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2016/01/marc-gafni-beneath-and-behind-denials.html&quot;&gt;Marc Gafni: Beneath and Behind the Denials&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;br /&gt;
  802. &lt;br /&gt;
  803. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;A Little Background&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  804. &lt;br /&gt;
  805. Gafni has denied that he raped Sara, claiming the &quot;relationship&quot; was about love in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/26/us/marc-gafni-center-for-integral-wisdom.html?_r=0&quot;&gt;the recent NYT story about him&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
  806. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  807. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Mr. Gafni was quoted saying they had been in love. He added, “She was 14 going on 35, and I never forced her.” In a recent interview, the woman, who asked not to be identified, said that she stood by her account from 2004 and that the encounters were not consensual.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  808. Gafni&#39;s story does not mesh at all with the way Sara experienced his molestation (which was statutory rape, but the statute of limitations has expired):&lt;br /&gt;
  809. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  810. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;I remember clearly that when he tried to touch me, I pushed him away,  repeatedly. I remember saying “No!” over and over again. No one had talked to me  about sexual abuse, but I remember knowing intuitively, with every cell of my  body, that this was wrong.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  811. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  812. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;This pattern repeated itself, from the fall of 1980 through the spring of  1981. I became a girl disconnected from the world around her, inhabiting instead  one full of contradiction and betrayal. I was trapped in a horrible situation  with no way out that I could see. If I told, I would be blamed and shamed for  what had happened.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  813. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  814. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Each morning after being molested, I would wake up and walk into the living  room, and see him wildly shuckling, rocking back and forth while beating his  chest. He said he was doing teshuvah, repenting for what he had done the night  before, and he told me that I should join him in doing teshuvah, too.  I didn’t  pray or do teshuvah, but just stared at him in disbelief.  He really believed  that I was a partner in sin. And then it would happen again: After every fervent  bout of repentance, he would wake me up in the middle of the night the following  week.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  815. Does the young girl in the picture below look like she&#39;s &quot;14 going on 35&quot;? &lt;br /&gt;
  816. &lt;br /&gt;
  817. &lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  818. &lt;a href=&quot;http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HvhUOs77nPI/VpapKnSc9wI/AAAAAAAAFi0/JfX7FPXldDE/s1600/Sara.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HvhUOs77nPI/VpapKnSc9wI/AAAAAAAAFi0/JfX7FPXldDE/s200/Sara.png&quot; width=&quot;151&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  819. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
  820. &lt;/div&gt;
  821. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
  822. &lt;br /&gt;
  823. Sara did not come forward with her story, in her own name,&amp;nbsp;until her essay, January 12th, 2016, at&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;The Forward&lt;/i&gt; (linked to above).&amp;nbsp;She had told it, publicly, once before--anonymously--to Gary Rosenblatt for his &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jewishjournal.com/community_briefs/article/unforgiven_20041001&quot;&gt;2004 expose on Gafni&#39;s abuse history&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
  824. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
  825. &lt;/div&gt;
  826. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
  827. &lt;br /&gt;
  828. In the months following the end of Gafni&#39;s abuse, she tried to tell someone what had happened to her twice. Both times she was ignored or dismissed. When she was 18, she had the courage to finally tell her parents, but their response was, &quot;How could you let him do that to you?&quot; And we wonder why girls and women do not tell their stories.&lt;/div&gt;
  829. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
  830. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Over the years, when I told people about the abuse I endured at Gafni’s hands,  many asked, “Why didn’t you tell anyone?” That’s a good question. But a better  question is what happened when I did tell.  It was almost as if I had told no  one. People in the Jewish community who had the power and stature to make the  abuse stop did not step up.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  831. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  832. * * * *&lt;/div&gt;
  833. &lt;br /&gt;
  834. &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
  835. &lt;img alt=&quot;rogersjudy70&quot; class=&quot;grofile-thumbnail no-grav&quot; src=&quot;http://2.gravatar.com/avatar/00151c0ed61bd84f85b3a3a74ace90fe?s=320&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  836. &lt;br /&gt;
  837. On the other hand, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theassofdeath.com/2015/12/not-just-a-man-with-a-troubled-past-a-sexual-predator/&quot;&gt;Judy Mitzner told her story&lt;/a&gt; and had a friend, Susan,&amp;nbsp;to support her (both Judy and Susan were threatened by Gafni to stay silent).&lt;br /&gt;
  838. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
  839. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;I didn’t wait until years later to reveal what happened, as many do. I spoke out in 1986 right after it happened, and so few would even listen let alone accept it as truth.&amp;nbsp; I continued to tell my story, continued to cry out for help on so many levels and so little was done.&amp;nbsp; I was shuffled around and told to keep quiet even by those who knew the truth.&amp;nbsp; No one wanted to believe that this could happen in the Rabbinate.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  840. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
  841. A few days after Gafni first raped her, she finally had a chance to tell her friend Susan what had happened.&lt;br /&gt;
  842. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  843. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;It was then that Susan told me that she had already heard from Mordechai. He had called her prior to Shabbat “warning” her about my “delusional” stories, my emotional instability and attempting to compel her into allegiance. Susan diligently listened to the facts, my fears, and unequivocally assured me of her loyalty and confidence in my credibility. She told me that he had made inappropriate advances to her in the past. Susan was there for me through what would be the remaining eighteen months of hell. We were kids trying to figure out how to handle this trauma with no help or support from our parents or the community. I don’t remember much after that conversation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  844. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  845. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;I do remember telling my parents with Susan by my side what had occurred. I remember how they blamed me since it was I who left the house to begin with. I remember the next year and a half of harassment and mental games.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  846. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
  847. Judy suffered 18 months of harassment by Gafni&amp;nbsp;before he moved on. Around the end of that time, he moved (was sent?) to Boca Raton, FL, where he is alleged to have continued to sexually manipulate young, female members of his Temple, before then moving (escaping?) to Israel.&lt;/div&gt;
  848. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
  849. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  850. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  851. * * * *&lt;/div&gt;
  852. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
  853. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  854. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
  855. It&#39;s interesting that, so far, only survivors from Gafni&#39;s abuses as a rabbi have come forward. In addition to them,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2016/01/an-open-letter-in-support-of-petition.html&quot;&gt;a group of&amp;nbsp;former students&lt;/a&gt; and more than 100 rabbis (many of whom defended him until 2006 and the Israel abuses) have &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.change.org/p/whole-foods-www-esalen-com-stop-marc-gafni-from-abusing-again&quot;&gt;signed onto a petition seeking to stop Gafni from committing further abuses&lt;/a&gt;, naming John Mackey of Whole Foods, Esalen (where Gafni had been scheduled for a workshop in February, &lt;a href=&quot;http://forward.com/news/330113/marc-gafni-scraps-appearance-at-new-age-retreat-amid-outcry/&quot;&gt;now canceled by Gafni&lt;/a&gt;), Ken Wilber, and others as supporters who need to withdraw their support. [Please &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.change.org/p/whole-foods-www-esalen-com-stop-marc-gafni-from-abusing-again&quot;&gt;sign the petition&lt;/a&gt; if you have not already.]&lt;/div&gt;
  856. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
  857. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  858. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
  859. The sources of the stories, aside from the original &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/26/us/marc-gafni-center-for-integral-wisdom.html&quot;&gt;New York Times&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; piece, and a follow-up piece a week later by the &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/marc-gafni-denies-sexual-misconduct-allegations-article-1.2483567&quot;&gt;New York Daily News&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, have mostly been Jewish as well (&lt;a href=&quot;http://forward.com/&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Forward&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;ttp://blogs.timesofisrael.com/&quot;&gt;The Times of Israel&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tabletmag.com/&quot;&gt;Tablet Magazine&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, and a few others). &lt;/div&gt;
  860. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
  861. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  862. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
  863. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Why So Few Survivors Come Forward&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  864. &lt;br /&gt;
  865. It is believed that &lt;b&gt;only 15.8 to 35 percent of all sexual assaults&lt;/b&gt; are reported to the police (&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics, &lt;/i&gt;2013; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Wolitzky-Taylor et al,&amp;nbsp;2010&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) [1, 2]. And if the survivor knows the perpetrator, the real number is much lower:&lt;br /&gt;
  866. &lt;ul&gt;
  867. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;When an offender is an &lt;b&gt;intimate partner or former intimate partner, only 25 percent&lt;/b&gt; of sexual assaults are reported to the police.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  868. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;When an offender is &lt;b&gt;a friend or acquaintance, only 18 to 40 percent&lt;/b&gt; of sexual assaults are reported.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  869. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;When an offender is a stranger, between 46 and 66 percent of sexual assaults are reported.&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics, &lt;/i&gt;2003&lt;/span&gt;) [3]&lt;/li&gt;
  870. &lt;/ul&gt;
  871. So, overall, reporting is pretty minimal--but it is even lower when the survivor knows the perpetrator. &lt;br /&gt;
  872. &lt;br /&gt;
  873. Those who do not report sex offenses offer one or more of the following reasons:&lt;br /&gt;
  874. &lt;ul&gt;
  875. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Fear of reprisal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  876. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Personal matter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  877. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Reported to a different official&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  878. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Not important enough to respondent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  879. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Belief that the police would not do anything to help&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  880. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Belief that the police could not do anything to help&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  881. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Did not want to get offender in trouble with law&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  882. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Did not want family to know&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  883. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Did not want others to know&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  884. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Not enough proof&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  885. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Fear of the justice system&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  886. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Did not know how&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  887. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Feel the crime was not “serious enough”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  888. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Fear of lack of evidence&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  889. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Unsure about perpetrator’s intent &lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;(&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;D. Kilpatrick et al.,&amp;nbsp;2007; U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics,&amp;nbsp;2013; Wolitzky-Taylor et al,&amp;nbsp;2010&lt;/i&gt;) [4, 1, 2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  890. &lt;/ul&gt;
  891. In my experience, it&#39;s common for women (and men) not to report out of fear of reprisal, or because they just want to forget that it ever happened and move on, or because they took [many] showers after it happened so there is no forensic exam evidence, or because they are afraid they will be made to&amp;nbsp;appear responsible for getting molested or raped (of which the police are often guilty), especially by defense attorneys. &lt;br /&gt;
  892. &lt;br /&gt;
  893. If the survivor knows the perpetrator, there is even more fear, and more self-recrimination, and more doubt that it was not consensual (&quot;maybe I led him on,&quot; or &quot;maybe&amp;nbsp;I misunderstood&#39; or &quot;I could have gotten away somehow&quot; or &quot;why did I freeze&quot;).&lt;br /&gt;
  894. &lt;br /&gt;
  895. As a result of the low reporting rates, only 9 percent of rapists are prosecuted. Of those, only 5 percent result in a felony conviction. And only 2-3 percent of rapists are sent to prison for even one day.&lt;br /&gt;
  896. &lt;ul&gt;
  897. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;97-98 percent of rapists get away with it, and walk away, free to assault again.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  898. &lt;/ul&gt;
  899. &lt;br /&gt;
  900. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sociopaths Are Predators Who Often Do Not Rape&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  901. &lt;br /&gt;
  902. When the offender is a psychopath or a sociopath, all of the usual rules are confused and confusing.&lt;br /&gt;
  903. &lt;br /&gt;
  904. As I mentioned in &lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2016/01/marc-gafni-beneath-and-behind-denials.html&quot;&gt;a previous post&lt;/a&gt;, psychopath and sociopath are often used interchangeably. I tend to use the term sociopath for those whose childhood likely created their pathology, while most researchers believe psychopaths are born with deficits in neural networks or some other physical pathology in the brain. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hare.org/&quot;&gt;Robert Hare&lt;/a&gt; (creator of the &lt;span class=&quot;st&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hare.org/scales/pclr.html&quot;&gt;Psychopathy Checklist-Revised&lt;/a&gt;, the most widely accepted scale)&lt;/span&gt; is the expert on this topic.&lt;br /&gt;
  905. &lt;br /&gt;
  906. It&#39;s important to note that all psycho- or sociopaths are antisocial personality disordered (APD) and narcissistic, but not all of those with APD or narcissism are psycho- or sociopaths.&lt;br /&gt;
  907. &lt;br /&gt;
  908. Marc Gafni is a sociopath.&lt;br /&gt;
  909. &lt;br /&gt;
  910. Aside from the first two women mentioned at the top (Sara and Judy), Gafni has never been accused of rape, and possibly has not committed an outright rape (by legal definitions). However, he has manipulated women into willingly having sex with him through seduction and, some survivors claim, &lt;b&gt;mind control&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
  911. &lt;br /&gt;
  912. Terry Patten (a former &quot;friend&quot; of Gafni&#39;s) comments on the &quot;mind control&quot; aspect of Gafni in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.terrypatten.com/blog/on-marc-gafni&quot;&gt;his recent blog post&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
  913. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  914. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;The egregious violations I saw firsthand were not primarily sexual. What
  915. in my experience has been most outrageously diabolical is his unique
  916. way of &lt;b&gt;getting inside people’s heads&lt;/b&gt; and subtly &lt;b&gt;casting a spell on them&lt;/b&gt;,
  917. and then using that influence to influence or manipulate others. To be
  918. used in this way is a form of abuse. To add sexuality to it, is even
  919. more hurtful.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  920. &lt;span class=&quot;author notFaded&quot; data-width=&quot;&quot;&gt;[Emphasis added.]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  921. &lt;br /&gt;
  922. &lt;span class=&quot;author notFaded&quot; data-width=&quot;&quot;&gt;This skill is common to socio- and psychopaths. It&#39;s called cognitive empathy, and it&#39;s inherent in the &quot;Dark Triad.&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  923. &lt;span class=&quot;author notFaded&quot; data-width=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  924. &lt;span class=&quot;author notFaded&quot; data-width=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.danielgoleman.info/three-kinds-of-empathy-cognitive-emotional-compassionate/&quot;&gt;According to Daniel Goleman&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  925. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  926. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;But there can be a dark side to this sort of empathy – in fact, those who fall within the “Dark Triad” – narcissists, Machiavellians, and sociopaths (see Chapter 8 in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.amazon.com/Social-Intelligence-Science-Human-Relationships/dp/055338449X/ref=as_sl_pc_ss_til?tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkCode=w01&amp;amp;linkId=EZER4CLMHIAOWZEY&amp;amp;creativeASIN=055338449X&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Social Intelligence&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;) – can be talented in this regard, while having no sympathy whatever for their victims.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  927. &lt;span class=&quot;author notFaded&quot; data-width=&quot;&quot;&gt;Jackson MacKenzie is the author of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0425279995/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;camp=1789&amp;amp;creative=390957&amp;amp;creativeASIN=0425279995&amp;amp;linkCode=as2&amp;amp;tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkId=H7X5H72EIZ66UALE&quot; id=&quot;static_txt_preview&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Psychopath  Free: Recovering from Emotionally Abusive  Relationships With Narcissists, Sociopaths, and Other Toxic People&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (2015), and also has a blog called &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.psychopathfree.com/&quot;&gt;Psychopath Free&lt;/a&gt;. In a post on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.psychopathfree.com/content.php?142-Sex-After-the-Psychopath-Healing-from-Physical-Manipulation&quot;&gt;sexual manipulation&lt;/a&gt;, she talks about how seduction by a psycho- or sociopath can feel authentic and intimate, until it doesn&#39;t. &lt;br /&gt;
  928. &lt;br /&gt;
  929. Here is an excerpt from that article:&lt;br /&gt;
  930. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  931. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Sex with the psychopath seemed perfect at first. They knew exactly where to touch you, what to say, and when to do the right things. You were perfectly compatible in the bedroom, right?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  932. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  933. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Well, sort of.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  934. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  935. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Like everything else, the psychopath also mirrored your deepest sexual desires. That’s why it felt so incredibly passionate and flawless when you were together—and that’s why it feels like rape during the identity erosion....&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  936. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  937. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;You find yourself in a desperate situation, needing their sexual approval and flattery to feel attractive. They use this to control their targets. They pull away in order to make you seem desperate, needy, and slutty. In the idealize phase, they couldn’t get enough of you. But once they have you hooked, they begin to play mind games.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  938. &lt;/div&gt;
  939. &lt;/div&gt;
  940. What is described here is the idealize phase and the identity erosion phase, two of three stages of socio- and psychopathic seduction. &lt;a href=&quot;https://selfcarehaven.wordpress.com/2014/07/21/five-powerful-ways-abusive-narcissists-get-inside-your-head/&quot;&gt;Shahida Arabi&lt;/a&gt; (author of &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1497489245/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;camp=1789&amp;amp;creative=390957&amp;amp;creativeASIN=1497489245&amp;amp;linkCode=as2&amp;amp;tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkId=ZEBDAKLFPDYSWIGR&quot;&gt;The Smart Girl’s Guide to Self-Care&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;) uses slightly different terminology: &lt;br /&gt;
  941. &lt;ul&gt;
  942. &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Idealization Phase&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  943. &lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;
  944. &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Devaluation Phase&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  945. &lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;
  946. &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Discard Phase&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  947. &lt;/ul&gt;
  948. Arabi is speaking about narcissists here, a type of personality disorder that is inherent in those with sociopathic or psychopathic pathology. &lt;br /&gt;
  949. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  950. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;The &lt;b&gt;idealization phase&lt;/b&gt; (which often happens most strongly during the early stages of dating or a relationship) consists of putting you on a pedestal, making you the center of his/her world, being in contact with you frequently, and showering you with flattery and praise. You are convinced that the narcissist can’t live without you and that you’ve met your soulmate. Be wary of: constant texting, shallow flattery and wanting to be around you at all times. This is a technique known as “lovebombing” and it is how most victims get sucked in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  951. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  952. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;The &lt;b&gt;devaluation phase&lt;/b&gt; is subsequent to this idealization phase, and this is when you’re left wondering why you were so abruptly thrust off the pedestal. The narcissist will suddenly start to blow hot and cold, criticizing you, covertly and overtly putting you down, comparing you to others, emotionally withdrawing from you and giving you the silent treatment when you’ve failed to meet their “standards.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  953. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  954. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;The narcissist makes you seem like the needy one as you react to his or her withdrawal and withholding patterns even though the expectations of frequent contact were established early on in the relationship by the narcissist himself.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  955. Part of this process for the predator is that he will try to make you think that if you could stop being so “needy,” “clingy,” or “jealous,” then he will become the loving partner he was in the beginning of the relationship [except, that was all a show].&lt;br /&gt;
  956. &lt;br /&gt;
  957. This is a form of &lt;a href=&quot;http://counsellingresource.com/features/2011/11/08/gaslighting/&quot;&gt;gaslighting&lt;/a&gt; he uses against his victims. It&#39;s how sociopaths control their victim&#39;s &quot;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;legitimate emotional reactions to their stonewalling, emotional withdrawal, and inconsistency&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;.&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  958. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  959. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;During the &lt;b&gt;discard phase&lt;/b&gt;, the narcissist abandons his or her victim in the most horrific, demeaning way possible to convince the victim that he or she is worthless. This could range from: leaving the victim for another lover, humiliating the victim in public, being physically aggressive, and a whole range of other demeaning behaviors to communicate to the victim that he or she is no longer important.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  960. Gafni has done this repeatedly over the years. Each of the women who claim he victimized them have experienced this process (including, in part, Judy and Sara, who were raped). &lt;br /&gt;
  961. &lt;br /&gt;
  962. &lt;b&gt;Idealization Phase:&lt;/b&gt; Gafni woos them, seduces them, tells them how special or unique they are, then begins a sexual relationship with them. He asks them to respect the &quot;sacredness&quot; of the container in which they come together (read: stay silent). Over time he demands more and more of their time and energy, cutting them off from supports who might question his motives.&lt;br /&gt;
  963. &lt;br /&gt;
  964. Judy Mitzner was quoted in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/marc-gafni-denies-sexual-misconduct-allegations-article-1.2483567&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;New York Daily News&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;
  965. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  966. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;It started with compliments and extra attention, eventually leading to  the night when the rabbi appeared in her basement bedroom.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  967. In an earlier statement, from 2004, given to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jewishjournal.com/community_briefs/article/unforgiven_20041001&quot;&gt;Gary Rosenblatt, editor of &lt;i&gt;Jewish Journal&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, Judy offered more detail:&lt;br /&gt;
  968. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  969. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Mordechai Winiarz paid attention to me. He told me how intelligent and special I was. I spent many Shabbat lunches with him and his wife feeling like I had finally found a family. I began keeping kosher and abiding by the laws of modesty. Mordechai had awarded me JPSYer of the Year. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  970. In &lt;a href=&quot;http://forward.com/news/965/rabbi-fired-over-sex-claims-defenders-offer-mea-c/#ixzz3xRqgvZ7f&quot;&gt;a 2006 article in &lt;i&gt;Forward&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, it was reported that an Orthodox couple in Boca Raton was interviewed for a &lt;i&gt;Ma’ariv&lt;/i&gt;  profile on Gafni. The couple claimed that Gafni &quot;sexually preyed on their 23-year-old daughter&quot;  while acting as visiting rabbi in Kfar Saba (&lt;span class=&quot;st&quot;&gt;a city in the Sharon region, of the Center District of Israel&lt;/span&gt;). Gafni is alleged to have told her that he wanted to leave his wife and marry her.&lt;br /&gt;
  971. &lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;
  972. &lt;/div&gt;
  973. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  974. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;“We taped him saying to our daughter, ‘I love you very much. I dream of  the day we will be together,’” the couple told Ma’ariv. “When the story  became known, Gafni left Kfar Saba.” The couple’s daughter told Ma’ariv  that she subsequently found out that Gafni was having similar  relationships with other young women.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  975. &lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;
  976. &lt;/div&gt;
  977. This is how the sociopath seduces and charms--and Gafni was doing this as a young man. Reports I have heard from survivors over the last decade confirm similar experiences.&lt;br /&gt;
  978. &lt;br /&gt;
  979. &lt;b&gt;Devaluation Phase:&lt;/b&gt; Gafni begins to lose interest, insults them if they don&#39;t perfectly parrot his &quot;teachings,&quot; covertly at first, then overtly, and in front of others. He will lose sexual interest, and at this point the woman will discover (if she has not already), the depth of his porn addiction. The sex will become demeaning, calling the woman a whore and similarly offensive things.&lt;br /&gt;
  980. &lt;br /&gt;
  981. Gafni did this with his 3rd ex-wife, according to a deposition she gave by email in 2006.&lt;br /&gt;
  982. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  983. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;While we were being intimate, he would demand that I repeat, &quot;I am a  whore.&quot; I reluctantly went along with this at first. Eventually I  refused to say it. ... Additionally, he viewed pornography on a regular basis; including paying  money to have memberships to certain sites. Eventually his computer and  email were so full of pornography that he paid tens of hundreds of  dollars to get it cleaned, for fear that someone may see it and that he  would lose his job.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  984. The sociopath begins to compare her to other women or other &quot;lovers,&quot;&amp;nbsp;become emotionally distant, or close her out with silence if she fails to meet his needs or standards. He will make her feel she is needy and irrational. As Arabi points out: &lt;br /&gt;
  985. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  986. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Since the “hot” aspect of this phase relies on intermittent reinforcement in which the narcissist gives you inconsistent spurts of the idealization phase throughout, you become convinced that perhaps you are at fault and you can “control” the narcissist’s reactions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  987. Arabi goes on to outline the border zone when the victim begins to understand fully who the sociopath is, and likely feels trapped--she realizes now that she has become the victim.&lt;br /&gt;
  988. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  989. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;You are mislead into thinking that if you just learn not to be so “needy,” “clingy,” or “jealous,”  the narcissist will reward you with the loving behavior he or she demonstrated in the beginning. The narcissist may use these and other similar words to gaslight victims when they react normally to being provoked. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  990. &lt;b&gt;Discard Phase: &lt;/b&gt;At this point, he is done and ready to move on (if the woman has not already escaped or started speaking with the &quot;other women&quot; he has been sleeping with). Or he will stop hiding his other sexual relationships and even flaunt them. Often, according to Arabi, the goal for him is to humiliate the woman and make her feel worthless.&lt;br /&gt;
  991. &lt;br /&gt;
  992. Here is how &lt;a href=&quot;http://blogs.timesofisrael.com/from-one-gafni-victim/&quot;&gt;his 3rd ex-wife&lt;/a&gt; described her experience of being discarded:&lt;br /&gt;
  993. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  994. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 2002:&lt;/b&gt; Dear God, I’m confused. He has this  “teaching partner”. He spends all of his time with her. I don’t like the  energy between them. I have pleaded with him to stop working with her.  He refuses. Claims I am being jealous, needy. I asked if they are having  an affair. He went off into a loud round of denial. Says I am insecure,  delusional. Please God, help me stop being so jealous, so sad, so  needy.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  995. She was correct--he was sleeping with his teaching partner, as well as students. Then there is this, an example of how the energy suck of narcissists (as mentioned, all sociopaths and psychopaths are narcissists) causes physical illness as well as psychological confusion:&lt;br /&gt;
  996. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  997. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Oxford, May 2003:&lt;/b&gt; Please God, help me. I am  sick…often. I am having these migraine headaches. My skull is  exploding. I can’t breathe. My chest is sealed shut. I am a shell. When I  go outside people come up to me rambling about how my husband is  sleeping with this woman who comes to his classes. He promises me it’s  all lies. All I know is that I am hurting, God. Physically, emotionally,  mentally. I am not well. Please God let these headaches end.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  998. Sometimes, the discard phase includes a &quot;smear campaign&quot; in which the sociopath portrays the woman as unstable, needy, or otherwise dysfunctional. Among his support network, this often works, according to Arabi, because his network is other narcissists/sociopaths, people pleasers, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.drjudithorloff.com/Free-Articles/emotional-empath-EF.htm&quot;&gt;empaths&lt;/a&gt;, and those who are easily swayed (this is so true of Gafni). Further,&lt;br /&gt;
  999. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1000. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;This smear campaign accomplishes three things: 1) it depicts you as the abuser or unstable person and deflects your accusations of abuse, 2) it provokes you, thus proving your instability to others when trying to argue his or her depiction of you, and 3) serves as a hoovering technique in which the narcissist seeks to pull you back into the trauma of the relationship as you struggle to reconcile the rumors about you with who you actually are by speaking out against the accusations.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1001. Gafni has a history of getting others around him, his supporters, to help him defame his accusers, as well as his victims. This is from Russ Cushin, in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thejewishweek.com/news/national/former-gafni-students-speak-out-against-him&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Jewish Week&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, who orchestrated a letter of support (with other former students of Gafni&#39;s) for &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.change.org/p/whole-foods-www-esalen-com-stop-marc-gafni-from-abusing-again&quot;&gt;the petition initiated by rabbi David Ingber&lt;/a&gt; to stop Gafni from abusing again.&lt;br /&gt;
  1002. &lt;div class=&quot;copy-paste-block&quot;&gt;
  1003. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1004. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;A computer technician, Cashin said that  during the time he was in the maggid program he was asked by Gafni to  search the Internet for information on two of Gafni’s most outspoken  critics. “He wanted to rebuild his reputation and wanted me to dig up  material on them to taint their reputation.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1005. In the prior quote from Arabi, she mentioned &lt;i&gt;hoovering&lt;/i&gt;. Hoovering is a term used to describe the way narcissists (and sociopaths) try to suck prior victims back into the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.markmeans.com/clientimages/36010/sexaddictionfiles/csattraumabondscourse.pdf&quot;&gt;trauma bond&lt;/a&gt;, and thereby replenish what &lt;span class=&quot;blog_post_date_cont&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.goodtherapy.org/therapists/profile/andrea-schneider-20100917&quot;&gt;Andrea Schneider&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; calls their &quot;narcissistic supply.&quot; The sociopath will attempt this with feigned offers of an apology or &quot;clearing the air,&quot; which Gafni has done with several survivors of his abuse.&lt;/div&gt;
  1006. &lt;br /&gt;
  1007. From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.goodtherapy.org/blog/hoover-maneuver-the-dirty-secret-of-emotional-abuse-0219154&quot;&gt;GoodTherapy.org&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;
  1008. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1009. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;When a survivor has gone no-contact—in  other words, the survivor has chosen to disengage completely from the  abusive person—often the person with narcissism will attempt to see if  the door is still open for more narcissistic supply. He or she may  “hoover” prior survivors by emailing, texting, phoning, or showing up at  a survivor’s workplace or residence under the pretext of apologizing  for transgressions, delivering flowers, hitting the reset button, or  feigning illness or a need for assistance (money, return of belongings,  etc.).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1010. In the 2004 &lt;i&gt;Jewish Journa&lt;/i&gt;l article cited above, Gafni said he has tried to contact Sara and &quot;heal&quot; the situation:&lt;br /&gt;
  1011. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1012. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;When told of the woman&#39;s comments, Gafni said he would like the  situation to be &quot;healed,&quot; adding that his attempt to do so several years  ago went unheeded.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1013. Here is a more detailed account of how that transpired (quoted from &lt;a href=&quot;http://jewishsurvivors.blogspot.com/2006/06/is-gary-rosenblatt-reinventing-history.html&quot;&gt;Jewish Survivors of Sexual Violence Speak Out&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;br /&gt;
  1014. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1015. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Back in 2001, survivor number one received a telephone call from Winiarz/Gafni supporter Naomi Mark, ACSW.  Naomi&#39;s goal was for a survivor of childhood sexual abuse to meet with  her offender. Naomi told this survivor that Marc Winiarz/Gafni wanted to  make amends. She told the survivor that Mordechai Winiarz/Gafni had  wrote a letter stating: “he thought the survivor was hurting because he  ended their relationship instead of marrying her”. He wanted to  apologize for &quot;breaking her heart.”&lt;br /&gt;
  1016. &lt;br /&gt;
  1017. The survivor told Ms. Mark  that she would not meet with the man who raped her. The survivor  disclosed that she let Naomi Mark know that “the relationship”  Winiarz/Gafni was referring to should be called RAPE. A far cry from  what Winiarz/Gafni called a “heartache, or a fallen romance.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1018. Sara was wise not to meet with him. As was Judy, who has refused Gafni&#39;s efforts to clear the air (if they were ever really made). The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.timesofisrael.com/controversial-ex-rabbi-gafni-and-an-alleged-victim-square-off/&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Times of Israel&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt; reported:&lt;br /&gt;
  1019. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1020. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;[Gafni] claimed he has repeatedly tried to contact Mitzner “to create resolution.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1021. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1022. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;“She has always refused,” Gafni said. “I want reach out right now, as I
  1023. have many times over the years through third parties, and invite Judy
  1024. into a mediated conversation where we could transform this from hatred
  1025. to goodness and truth and beauty.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1026. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theassofdeath.com/2016/01/how-do-you-catch-a-sociopath/&quot;&gt;Judy&#39;s version is a LOT different&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
  1027. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1028. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;As for his claims that he has repeatedly tried to contact me to
  1029. “create a resolution” – this is as well entirely false.&amp;nbsp; I have never
  1030. heard from him nor would I want to.&amp;nbsp; He victimized me, and no mediated
  1031. conversation “could transform this from hatred to goodness and truth and
  1032. beauty”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1033. Why would any survivor of an abuser who continues to deny his actions want to sit down with him and &quot;create a resolution&quot;? The ONLY valid resolution is for Gafni to take responsibility for what he has done to so many women.&lt;br /&gt;
  1034. &lt;br /&gt;
  1035. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
  1036. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;DARVO:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;D&lt;/b&gt;eny, &lt;b&gt;A&lt;/b&gt;ttack, &lt;b&gt;R&lt;/b&gt;everse &lt;b&gt;V&lt;/b&gt;ictim and &lt;b&gt;O&lt;/b&gt;ffender&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1037. &lt;br /&gt;
  1038. Not only does the sociopath demean and humiliate the victim, but if she takes her experience public he will malign and discredit the woman and her experience. This has been Marc Gafni&#39;s pattern since his very first abuses as a young rabbi.&lt;br /&gt;
  1039. &lt;br /&gt;
  1040. For example, this is from the 2004&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jewishjournal.com/community_briefs/article/unforgiven_20041001&quot;&gt;Jewish Journal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;article on Gafni:&lt;br /&gt;
  1041. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1042. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Gafni said that Judy was a troubled, unstable teenager who fabricated the story after he rebuffed her advances.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1043. And this from the recent NYT article:&lt;br /&gt;
  1044. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1045. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;[Gafni]&amp;nbsp;said that old claims against him were all exaggerated, the result of professional resentment, and that he had been the victim of pseudofeminist witch hunts.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1046. Gafni makes himself the victim of Judy in this quote from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.timesofisrael.com/controversial-ex-rabbi-gafni-and-an-alleged-victim-square-off/&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Times of Israel&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;
  1047. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1048. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;“For 31 years she has been encouraged to be a victim. Judy is not acting  alone. She is a part of well-organized and funded social group. She  received strong social approval and reward for being a hero breaking the  silence, which is ironic because she has not stopped talking about this  and attacking me for decades in so many different ways, causing me and  my children and friends a massive amount of substantive damage and  pain,” said Gafni.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1049. There is no &quot;well-organized and funded social group.&quot; Judy has been
  1050. alone in a desert of denials and dismissals. Only other survivors have
  1051. offered moral support. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theassofdeath.com/2016/01/how-do-you-catch-a-sociopath/&quot;&gt;She says it even more clearly&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;
  1052. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1053. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;I would like to make something &lt;b&gt;PERFECTLY&lt;/b&gt; clear I
  1054. have always acted alone. I have never been part of a “well-organized and
  1055. funded social group”. Please, if that is the case why am I the one
  1056. struggling to make ends meet while he sits “looking out of his home
  1057. office on Monterey Bay”?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1058. In the &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/marc-gafni-denies-sexual-misconduct-allegations-article-1.2483567&quot;&gt;New York Daily News&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; article, Gafni is quoted again making himself the victim:&lt;br /&gt;
  1059. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1060. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;“This is sexual McCarthyism,” insisted Gafni, who provided polygraph tests to support his position. “What they’re doing is social media rape.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1061. And&lt;br /&gt;
  1062. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1063. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;“What they’re doing is a terrible thing,” Gafni said. “It’s an affront to all true victims. They claim victimhood in a way that’s not right, that’s false.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1064. This reversal, making him the victim, is a common tactic by perpetrators, part of what &lt;a href=&quot;http://dynamic.uoregon.edu/jjf/defineDARVO.html&quot;&gt;Jennifer Freyd&lt;/a&gt; at the University of Oregon calls DARVO: &lt;b&gt;D&lt;/b&gt;eny, &lt;b&gt;A&lt;/b&gt;ttack, &lt;b&gt;R&lt;/b&gt;everse &lt;b&gt;V&lt;/b&gt;ictim and &lt;b&gt;O&lt;/b&gt;ffender.&lt;br /&gt;
  1065. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1066. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;DARVO refers to a reaction perpetrators of wrong doing, particularly sexual offenders, may display in response to being held accountable for their behavior. DARVO stands for &quot;Deny, Attack, and Reverse Victim and Offender.&quot; The perpetrator or offender may Deny the behavior, Attack the individual doing the confronting, and Reverse the roles of Victim and Offender such that the perpetrator assumes the victim role and turns the true victim -- or the whistle blower -- into an alleged offender. This occurs, for instance, when an actually guilty perpetrator assumes the role of &quot;falsely accused&quot; and attacks the accuser&#39;s credibility or even blames the accuser of being the perpetrator of a false accusation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1067. A more nuanced and detailed version of this model appears in Freyd&#39;s&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0470604409/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;camp=1789&amp;amp;creative=390957&amp;amp;creativeASIN=0470604409&amp;amp;linkCode=as2&amp;amp;tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkId=536VH63UNPZVYZAL&quot; id=&quot;static_txt_preview&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Blind to Betrayal: Why We Fool Ourselves We Aren&#39;t Being Fooled&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(2013).&lt;br /&gt;
  1068. &lt;br /&gt;
  1069. Gafni is very proficient with the attack aspect of DARVO. Here are the comments of Susan, the first person Judy told about what Gafni did to her. Susan was a 22-year-old adviser in JPSY-- she  believed what Judy told her. From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jewishjournal.com/community_briefs/article/unforgiven_20041001&quot;&gt;Rosenblatt&#39;s 2004 article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;
  1070. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1071. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;She said that when she took Judy&#39;s side, Gafni made harassing phone calls and threats against her.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1072. &lt;br /&gt;
  1073. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&quot;He told me I would regret it,&quot; Susan said, adding that the rabbi made inappropriate advances to her, as well.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1074. When Judy came forward, his attacks on her were more withering and long-lasting:&lt;br /&gt;
  1075. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1076. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Judy said he abused her sexually on two occasions. Even more upsetting,  she said, was that afterward, the rabbi tried to convince her the  encounter did not happen, and then harassed her for many months. He  threatened to keep her out of Jewish schools (she was seeking to  transfer from public school to a yeshiva), called her home at all hours  of the night and then hung up, mailed pictures to her home of naked men  and had her followed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1077. Trying to convince her that what she experienced never happened is &lt;i&gt;gaslighting&lt;/i&gt;. From &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaslighting&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;
  1078. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1079. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;_Tgc&quot;&gt;Gaslighting is a form of mental abuse in which information is  twisted or spun, selectively omitted to favor the abuser, or false  information is presented with the intent of making victims doubt their  own memory, perception, and sanity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1080. &lt;span class=&quot;_Tgc&quot;&gt;Gafni always reverses the victim-offender dynamic. He accused Judy of being&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&quot;highly initiatory&quot; in the NYT follow-up story in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/196238/understanding-the-marc-gafni-story-part-ii&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Tablet&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. He went further in the article in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/marc-gafni-denies-sexual-misconduct-allegations-article-1.2483567&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;New York Daily News&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;
  1081. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1082. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Gafni charged that Mitzner spun her story from “20 minutes of fooling  around” — and claims he spurned her invitation to sleep together.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1083. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  1084. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;  “A one-time mistake,” he claimed. “There’s a difference between a mistake and predatory (behavior).”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1085. So being a 26-year-old rabbi who fondles a 16-year-old who is crying and begging him to stop is &quot;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;one-time mistake&lt;/span&gt;,&quot; a &quot;mistake&quot; that actually happened twice, with him crawling naked into her bed, and with him penetrating her with his fingers?&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
  1086. &lt;br /&gt;
  1087. He reversed the offender-victim dynamic with his 3rd ex-wife, as well, as she detailed in the 2006 email deposition:&lt;br /&gt;
  1088. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1089. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;If I didn&#39;t agree with him on something then he would burst into a rage and tell me how stupid I was. But more than that, he would tell me how unloving, insensitive and selfish I was. Convincing me that I was the evil, selfish, unloving one was one of his most powerful tools of manipulation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1090. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1091. &lt;br /&gt;
  1092. For those people who have wondered why more of Gafni&#39;s victims have not come forward, this post should have explained it for you. If not, then I failed to fully convey how difficult Gafni can make life for those who do come forward.&lt;br /&gt;
  1093. &lt;br /&gt;
  1094. Gafni&#39;s retaliations can be difficult. I have been told by more than survivor that Gafni keeps files on anyone he suspects he might have to discredit, collecting anything he can to make the person look &quot;unstable&quot; or unreliable.&lt;br /&gt;
  1095. &lt;br /&gt;
  1096. He also engages in DARVO with &lt;b&gt;every&lt;/b&gt; accuser. He &lt;b&gt;denies&lt;/b&gt; that it happened, or that he did anything wrong. He &lt;b&gt;attacks&lt;/b&gt; the accuser and tries to discredit her (or him), or he has his supporters attack so that he can appear to take the &quot;high ground.&quot; And if those two efforts fail, he &lt;b&gt;reverses the offender (him) and the victim&lt;/b&gt;, and he often does it very publicly, such as in interviews.&lt;br /&gt;
  1097. &lt;br /&gt;
  1098. Then there are the statistics, cited above, showing that women who know their perpetrators are much less likely to report than if they do not know the perpetrator.&lt;br /&gt;
  1099. &lt;br /&gt;
  1100. Considering all of this, it&#39;s amazing that any of the survivors have come forward.&lt;br /&gt;
  1101. &lt;br /&gt;
  1102. &lt;b&gt;REFERENCES&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1103. &lt;br /&gt;
  1104. All sources for quotes are linked.&lt;br /&gt;
  1105. &lt;br /&gt;
  1106. These statistical references are the exception:&lt;br /&gt;
  1107. &lt;br /&gt;
  1108. &lt;b&gt;1.&lt;/b&gt; U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics, M. Planty and L. Langton, “Female Victims of Sexual Violence, 1994-2010,” 2013&lt;br /&gt;
  1109. &lt;br /&gt;
  1110. &lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt;. Wolitzky-Taylor et al, “&lt;i&gt;Is Reporting of Rape on the Rise? A Comparison of Women with Reported Versus Unreported Rape Experiences in the National Women’s Study-Replication&lt;/i&gt;,” 2010&lt;br /&gt;
  1111. &lt;br /&gt;
  1112. &lt;b&gt;3.&lt;/b&gt; U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics, T. Hart and C. Rennison, “Reporting Crime to the Police, 1992-2000,” 2003 &lt;br /&gt;
  1113. &lt;br /&gt;
  1114. &lt;b&gt;4.&lt;/b&gt; D. Kilpatrick et al., “Drug-facilitated, Incapacitated, and Forcible Rape: A National Study,” 2007;&lt;br /&gt;
  1115. &lt;br /&gt;</description><link>http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2016/01/why-so-few-of-marc-gafnis-survivors.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (william harryman)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HvhUOs77nPI/VpapKnSc9wI/AAAAAAAAFi0/JfX7FPXldDE/s72-c/Sara.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13617569.post-1260988597632289458</guid><pubDate>Wed, 13 Jan 2016 03:26:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2016-01-12T20:26:53.733-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">clergy abuse</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Marc Gafni</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">narcissism</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">petition</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Reform Judaism</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">sexual ethics</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">sociopath</category><title>An Open Letter In Support of the Petition to Stop Marc Gafni (Maggidic Journey Havurah)</title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  1116. &lt;img alt=&quot;http://iamthewitness.com/listeners/img/Rabbi.Mordechai.Gafni.jpg&quot; src=&quot;http://iamthewitness.com/listeners/img/Rabbi.Mordechai.Gafni.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1117. &lt;br /&gt;
  1118. Another group has created a formal letter distancing themselves from (in this case their former teacher) Marc Gafni. Maggidic Journey Havurah, a community of former students of Gafni (2003-2005) have released the following letter.&lt;br /&gt;
  1119. &lt;br /&gt;
  1120. Before the letter, here is Russ Cashin&#39;s preface:&lt;br /&gt;
  1121. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1122. &lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
  1123. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt;&quot;&gt;I have realized all along that this endeavor was not for Marc Gafni as I don’t think he’ll hear it.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1124. &lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
  1125. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1126. &lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
  1127. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt;&quot;&gt;In
  1128. our Open Letter, we are adding our voices to the many others out there
  1129. who have experienced Gafni’s abuse and who want those in positions of
  1130. leadership to refuse to provide him with support and a platform to
  1131. continue to harm others.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1132. &lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
  1133. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1134. &lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
  1135. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt;&quot;&gt;Our
  1136. group’s experience as his former students for two years gives us a
  1137. unique shared perspective, especially as a cohesive group who have
  1138. remained in contact for 12 years. During this time, we (not all of us)
  1139. have attended conferences and retreats together, and sought assistance
  1140. to help many of us move through the healing processes of grief,
  1141. disappointment and shame that Gafni left upon us.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1142. &lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
  1143. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1144. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt;&quot;&gt;It
  1145. is time now for us to speak up and share our unique perspective as a
  1146. group of actual students of Gafni’s and to reveal the damage he does to
  1147. his students.&amp;nbsp; We want to reach those who are now choosing to give Gafni
  1148. a platform to teach anyone (not just young girls) and warn them of the
  1149. harm they are doing by providing this dangerous man with a stable of new
  1150. victims, both male and female.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1151. Among the charges are the usual wherever Gafni turns up: inappropriate sexual relationships with other women while he was still married, abuses, lies, plagiarism, and failed promises.&lt;br /&gt;
  1152. &lt;br /&gt;
  1153. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  1154. &lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;An Open Letter In Support of the Petition to Stop Marc Gafni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1155. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1156. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;January 10, 2016&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1157. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1158. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;We the undersigned, while not representing the whole, are members of the Maggidic Journey Havurah, a community of former students of Marc Gafni (we knew him then as Mordechai Gafni). From 2003-2005, we came together for a two year educational program at Elat Chayyim with Mr. Gafni which was supposed to lead us to a certification as a Maggid, or Holy Teacher.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1159. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1160. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;For many reasons, some of which are mentioned below, as a group we disassociated from Marc Gafni in the spring of 2006.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1161. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1162. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;We herein state that we are in support of the petition called &lt;i&gt;Stop Marc Gafni from Abusing Again&lt;/i&gt; that Rabbi David Ingber posted at &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.change.org/p/whole-foods-www-esalen-com-stop-marc-gafni-from-abusing-again&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;change.org&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt; on December 30, 2015. We also support the statements by Gafni’s third ex-wife in her blog titled &lt;i&gt;A voice for Gafni’s victims, from one who was there&lt;/i&gt; at &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://blogs.timesofisrael.com/from-one-gafni-victim/&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;timesofisrael.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt; that was posted on January 1, 2016.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1163. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1164. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Like many of Marc Gafni’s students, at first we were enamored by his charisma and his ability to brilliantly convey Jewish Wisdom. A few of us even financially assisted or served in capacities that supported Bayit Chadash, the community Gafni co-founded in Israel and from which he eventually fled in 2006.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1165. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1166. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Little did we know that by the time our two year program ended we too would find ourselves deeply and adversely impacted by Gafni’s web of lies, deception and abuse.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1167. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1168. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Some of us know the women Gafni has harmed, including his third ex-wife. We now know that even as he taught us, unbeknownst to us, he was having inappropriate sexual relationships with other women while he was still married.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1169. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1170. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;We were there and now stand as witnesses to his abuses, lies, plagiarism, and failed promises. Some of us felt and feel an incredible sense of betrayal by Gafni.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1171. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1172. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;By the end of our two years together, Gafni had subjected members of our group to financial extortion, visits to our homes leaving huge phone bills, sexual indiscretions, false promises and outright lies, fiscal irresponsibility, manipulation of facts to support grandiose claims, theft of intellectual property, plagiarism, misuse of power, attempting to recruit us to discredit his detractors and using sacred text as an interpersonal weapon.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1173. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1174. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;In the early stages of our program, Gafni urged us not to speak about him with anyone inside or outside our group, stating that such discussions would be disloyal and inappropriate, as well as spiritually harmful both to us and to him.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1175. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1176. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Our community has remained in loving connection for 12 years since our encounter with Marc Gafni. We have supported each other through our healing processes of grief, disappointment and shame that Gafni left in his wake. We have spent innumerable hours meeting with other spiritual and community leaders to better understand and cope with the psycho-spiritual damage left by our relationship with this man whom we trusted.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1177. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1178. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Many of us have remained silent until now out of fear of his retribution and retaliation, as has been his practice toward those who try to reveal him for who and what he truly is. Others have hoped he just would go away.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1179. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1180. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;We acknowledge that while Gafni&#39;s teachings may be a brilliant synthesis of his and others&#39; ideas, the open heart vulnerability that he elicits while taking advantage of that intellectual and emotional intimacy makes him a potential danger to his students.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1181. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1182. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;We now categorically and publicly disavow Gafni as a Spiritual Leader, a mentor, and certainly as a teacher of any kind. We call upon all those both in the Jewish world and those outside of it who support, promote or offer Gafni a platform to find new victims to immediately retract their support and remove him from any position of authority or influence.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1183. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1184. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;We encourage Gafni to fully acknowledge his responsibility in the long trail of abuse and the emotional carnage he has left behind. We prompt him to seek immediate professional help and to engage in the long, deep and intense inner work necessary for Teshuva.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1185. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1186. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;We stand as a unified voice and in integrity – it must stop now!&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1187. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1188. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Signed in Solidarity,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1189. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1190. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Russ Cashin, Spiritual Leader &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1191. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Maggid Charna Rosenholtz, Aleph Rabbinic Student &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1192. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Dr. Gilah Rosner &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1193. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Rabbi Shoshana Leis &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1194. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Shir Yaakov Feit &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1195. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Michael Schaefer &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1196. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Ken Rosenstein, Senior Student, ALEPH Rabbinic Program &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1197. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Rabbi Elhanan Sunny Schnitzer &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1198. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Patti Williams Niehoff &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1199. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Maggid Alan Goldberg &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1200. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Jeanlu Ryersbach &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1201. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Charlie Roemer, Maggid &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1202. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Camille Davidson &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1203. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Abby Rosen, Ph.D. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1204. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Maggid Ellen Triebwasser, ALEPH Rabbinic Student &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1205. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Maury Hoberman &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1206. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Steve Herman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1207. </description><link>http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2016/01/an-open-letter-in-support-of-petition.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (william harryman)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13617569.post-1400241568644613498</guid><pubDate>Sun, 10 Jan 2016 01:48:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2016-01-20T20:23:28.035-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">abusive guru</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">abusive teachers</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">clergy abuse</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Integral</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">manipulation</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Marc Gafni</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">pornography</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">power</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">psychopathy</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">sexual abuse</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">sexual trauma</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">sociopathy</category><title>Marc Gafni - Beneath and Behind the Denials</title><description>[&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;NOTE:&lt;/b&gt; I have been actively involved in the newest Marc Gafni situation for the last two weeks, posting a lot of material on Twitter and Facebook. This post has been in process since Christmas day. I had originally written 34 pages of text, outlining each and every manipulation, episode of lying, and sexual abuse allegation. That is too much. This is likely only part one of several articles in the coming weeks.&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;
  1208. &lt;br /&gt;
  1209. [&lt;b&gt;See also:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2016/01/why-so-few-of-marc-gafnis-survivors.html&quot;&gt;Why So Few of Marc Gafni&#39;s Survivors Have Come Forward&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;br /&gt;
  1210. &lt;br /&gt;
  1211. On December 25, 2015, &lt;i&gt;The New York Times&lt;/i&gt; posted an article (in print, Dec. 26) called &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/26/us/marc-gafni-center-for-integral-wisdom.html&quot;&gt;A Spiritual Leader Gains Stature, Trailed by a Troubled Past&lt;/a&gt;, by Mark Oppenheimer (with additional reporting from Jerusalem by Irit Pasner Garshowitz).&lt;br /&gt;
  1212. &lt;br /&gt;
  1213. One of the many things missing in the NYT article, and most of the ones that have  followed, is a recognition that Gafni&#39;s pathology is not only emotional and sexual  manipulation and other forms of abuse, it is also a sociopathic personality that almost hides the malignant narcissist within. &amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
  1214. &lt;br /&gt;
  1215. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  1216. &lt;img alt=&quot;Marc Gafni (Screenshot from YouTube)&quot; class=&quot;size-full wp-image-1118464&quot; src=&quot;http://www.jta.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Marc-Gafni.png&quot; height=&quot;263&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
  1217. &lt;br /&gt;
  1218. The NYT article exposed some of the controversies surrounding Gafni (which has led to the current outrage in the Jewish community and in the integral community, but in each instance allowed him to refute the allegations with no further exploration of the facts or statements by the victims. What could have been an important document revealing Gafni&#39;s 35-year pattern of abuses--interpersonal, sexual, and control--became little more than a PR piece for him and his &quot;think tank.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  1219. &lt;br /&gt;
  1220. I expressed those feelings to Mr. Oppenheimer in a Twitter post, and he did not refute it -- &lt;b&gt;he re-Tweeted it&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
  1221. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1222. &lt;div class=&quot;stream-item-activity-line js-actionable-user stream-item-activity-line-notification&quot; data-aria-label-part=&quot;&quot;&gt;
  1223. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;pretty-link js-user-profile-link js-action-profile-name&quot; data-user-id=&quot;137369407&quot; href=&quot;https://twitter.com/CultExpert&quot;&gt;&lt;b class=&quot;fullname&quot;&gt;Steven Hassan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a class=&quot;pretty-link js-user-profile-link js-action-profile-name&quot; data-user-id=&quot;51777236&quot; href=&quot;https://twitter.com/markopp1&quot;&gt;&lt;b class=&quot;fullname&quot;&gt;Mark Oppenheimer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Retweeted you &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1224. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1225. &lt;div class=&quot;activity-truncated-tweet&quot;&gt;
  1226. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet latest-tweet &quot; data-aria-label-part=&quot;&quot; data-item-id=&quot;680490578082070528&quot; data-screen-name=&quot;WilliamHarryman&quot; data-tweet-id=&quot;680490578082070528&quot;&gt;
  1227. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  1228. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;latest-tweet-timestamp js-permalink js-tooltip&quot; data-original-title=&quot;1:49 PM - 25 Dec 2015&quot; href=&quot;https://twitter.com/WilliamHarryman/status/680490578082070528&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;_timestamp&quot; data-long-form=&quot;true&quot; data-time=&quot;1451076571&quot;&gt;20h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a class=&quot;twitter-atreply pretty-link js-nav&quot; data-mentioned-user-id=&quot;51777236&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; href=&quot;https://twitter.com/markopp1&quot;&gt;&lt;s&gt;@&lt;/s&gt;&lt;b&gt;markopp1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; I read the Marc Gafni article w/ hope, then sadness - you allowed this sociopathic sexual predator to make the article a PR piece&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1229. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-content&quot;&gt;
  1230. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1231. I know Oppenheimer spoke to a lot of Gafni&#39;s victims, as well as the expert on cults and mind control, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.freedomofmind.com/&quot;&gt;Steven Hassan&lt;/a&gt; - I know this because they told me. Based on Oppenheimer&#39;s response to my Tweet, I can only&amp;nbsp;hope he too wanted a more accurate article (he has since published two additional installments at &lt;i&gt;Tablet &lt;/i&gt;- see below).&lt;br /&gt;
  1232. &lt;br /&gt;
  1233. One of the many unfortunate things in that article was Ken Wilber&#39;s defense of Gafni. Wilber allowed Gafni to convince of his innocence and since founded a think tank with him. Not surprisingly, most people in the integral community stopped paying attention to those Wilber endorses, with other egregious examples including &lt;a href=&quot;http://disinfo.com/2015/03/andrew-cohen-guru-disappeared/&quot;&gt;Andrew Cohen&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://archive.sltrib.com/story.php?ref=/sltrib/news/51768224-78/merzel-zen-kanzeon-mind.html.csp&quot;&gt;Dennis Merzel&lt;/a&gt; (Genpo Roshi), and even the notorious sexual predator &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.strippingthegurus.com/stgsamplechapters/da.html&quot;&gt;Adi Da&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
  1234. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1235. &lt;div class=&quot;story-body-text story-content&quot; data-para-count=&quot;354&quot; data-total-count=&quot;2543&quot; id=&quot;story-continues-3&quot; itemprop=&quot;articleBody&quot;&gt;
  1236. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Ken  Wilber, considered the modern founder of integral theory, started the  think tank with Mr. Gafni. Mr. Wilber said that before forming a  partnership with Mr. Gafni, he personally researched the rumors about  him and commissioned an employee to investigate. In the end, Mr. Wilber  concluded that Mr. Gafni was, at worst, “insensitive as a boyfriend.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1237. &lt;div class=&quot;story-body-text story-content&quot; data-para-count=&quot;147&quot; data-total-count=&quot;2690&quot; itemprop=&quot;articleBody&quot;&gt;
  1238. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1239. &lt;div class=&quot;story-body-text story-content&quot; data-para-count=&quot;147&quot; data-total-count=&quot;2690&quot; itemprop=&quot;articleBody&quot;&gt;
  1240. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;“Marc  has a lot of Shakti,” Mr. Wilber said, using a Sanskrit word for  energy. “I don’t think he understood the impact it had on people.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1241. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1242. &quot;Insensitive as a boyfriend&quot;? Is that what we call emotional, psychological, and sexual manipulation these days?&lt;br /&gt;
  1243. &lt;br /&gt;
  1244. As will be noted below, the employee mentioned by Wilber was Clint Fuhs, a supporter of Gafni&#39;s return in 2008. By the way, the referenced documents are a fraud. For more &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.strippingthegurus.com/stgsamplechapters/wilbergafni.html&quot;&gt;on Gafni and Wilber&lt;/a&gt;, see&amp;nbsp;Geoffrey D. Falk&#39;s &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.strippingthegurus.com/&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Stripping the Gurus: Sex, Violence, Abuse and Enlightenment&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
  1245. &lt;br /&gt;
  1246. &lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-a3c955a2-28e0-01df-a941-917d37b09ae1&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
  1247. &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #990000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;[It is worth noting that, at the time (late spring/early summer 2008), both Gafni and one of Wilber&#39;s senior students,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://integrallife.com/contributors/clint-fuhs&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #990000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Clint Fuhs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #990000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;, as well as&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://jmbell.org/&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #990000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Jeff Bell&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #990000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #990000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;, contacted me by email and telephone, wanting me to remove my posts about Gafni from this blog (&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2008/07/abusive-gurus-return-of-marc-gafni.html&quot;&gt;I had defined him as an Abusive Guru&lt;/a&gt;). I complied initially but re-posted them a few days later, after digging into the actual facts - and listening to my own gut-sense about Gafni. Jeff Bell &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #990000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;co-wrote, with Greta de Jong,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.marcgafni.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/gafnicatalyst.pdf&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #990000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;the glowing Catalyst article on Gafni, depicting him as a modern-day spiritual hero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #990000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;, mentioned below &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #990000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;{Gafni is alleged to have seduced de Jong to get the article published}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. In reality, Gafni wrote much of the article, or at least dictated the perspectives.]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1248. &lt;br /&gt;
  1249. Throughout all of this, and even before the NYT article ran, &lt;span class=&quot;_5pbw&quot; data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;C&amp;quot;}&quot; id=&quot;js_0&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fwb fcg&quot; data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;;&amp;quot;}&quot;&gt;Judy Mitzner Rogers has been talking about Gafni&#39;s rape of her as a 16-year-old girl - at her blog, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theassofdeath.com/&quot;&gt;The Ass of&amp;nbsp; Death&lt;/a&gt;. For now, she is the brave face standing up for all survivors.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1250. &lt;br /&gt;
  1251. &lt;span class=&quot;_5pbw&quot; data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;C&amp;quot;}&quot; id=&quot;js_0&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fwb fcg&quot; data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;;&amp;quot;}&quot;&gt;I urge anyone who has not already signed the petition encouraging Gafni&#39;s supporters to withdraw that support (including John Mackey of Whole Foods, Ken Wilber of integral fame, and the board of the Center for Integral Wisdom), created by rabbi David Ingber, to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.change.org/p/whole-foods-www-esalen-com-stop-marc-gafni-from-abusing-again&quot;&gt;go and sign it now&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1252. &lt;br /&gt;
  1253. At the bottom of the page there is an updated list of the articles  having shown up on-line since Christmas Day, with more appearing each  day. &lt;br /&gt;
  1254. &lt;br /&gt;
  1255. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  1256. * * * *&lt;/div&gt;
  1257. &lt;br /&gt;
  1258. During the years I have been reporting on Gafni and trying to raise awareness of his pathological behaviors, I have spoken with&amp;nbsp;several of his survivors, and I have read written accounts from others. I have held space for the women as they told their stories, filled with pain, and often shame.&lt;br /&gt;
  1259. &lt;br /&gt;
  1260. Also during those years I went back to school to get&amp;nbsp;my second master&#39;s degree, an&amp;nbsp;MS in counseling psychology.&amp;nbsp;Since 2011 I have worked with adult survivors of sexual trauma. &lt;br /&gt;
  1261. &lt;ul&gt;
  1262. &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;I know the experience of survivors because I sit with them every day. &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1263. &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;I know the patterns of the perpetrator because I hear about them every day.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1264. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1265. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;I have never assessed Gafni in person&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, which is the only way to know who he feels himself to be at his core. However, the stories of his victims, ranging over more than 35 years, are so consistent, with so few of them knowing about the others when they made their statements, that they present a very vivid behavioral portrait of&amp;nbsp;how&amp;nbsp;Gafni conducts himself with students, employees, financial backers, and co-workers, which also is extremely consistent over those many years.&lt;br /&gt;
  1266. &lt;br /&gt;
  1267. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;What follows is not meant to be an &quot;official&quot; diagnosis&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. Based solely on behaviors described by others (often survivors, but also supporters), this is a behavioral model of who Gafni appears to be from the outside. &lt;br /&gt;
  1268. &lt;br /&gt;
  1269. It is vitally important to keep in mind as you read through this that in recent years Gafni has managed to control his story and frame these controversies as being about sex with students, which--when he’s not denying it altogether--allows him to create all kinds of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.marcgafni.com/resp/aaa-core-privacy-post-modernism-sex-teachers-and-students-on-sex-ethics-and-injury/&quot;&gt;complex philosophical rationalizations as to why it’s okay&lt;/a&gt; that he does this and that his relationships are &quot;highly evolved,&quot; or &quot;post-conventional.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  1270. &lt;br /&gt;
  1271. It is also important to understand that Gafni works hard to make these issues about pseudo-consensual sex because the reality is much darker. His survivors ARE sexually manipulated, and there are consistent reports of debasing sexuality (woman as whore), but the sexual relationships are simply the seduction that brings women into his circle of influence.&lt;br /&gt;
  1272. &lt;br /&gt;
  1273. Once he seduces someone, then he begins the process of mind control, shaping their thoughts and experiences so that they come to see things his way. Using &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.amazon.com/dp/0967068819/ref=as_li_ss_til?tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;camp=0&amp;amp;creative=0&amp;amp;linkCode=as4&amp;amp;creativeASIN=0967068819&amp;amp;adid=1Q5G3AQVABHEKYFVDC5G&amp;amp;&quot;&gt;Steven Hassan&#39;s BITE model&lt;/a&gt; of mind control as a frame, Gafni seeks to &lt;span style=&quot;color: #20124d;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://freedomofmind.com/Info/BITE/bitemodel.php#behavior&quot;&gt;Behavior Control&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #20124d;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://freedomofmind.com/Info/BITE/bitemodel.php#information&quot;&gt;Information Control&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #20124d;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://freedomofmind.com/Info/BITE/bitemodel.php#thought&quot;&gt;Thought Control&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #20124d;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://freedomofmind.com/Info/BITE/bitemodel.php#emotional&quot;&gt;Emotional Control&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. It&#39;s worth looking at the details for each type of control. (See &lt;span style=&quot;color: #20124d;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.amazon.com/dp/0967068819/ref=as_li_ss_til?tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;camp=0&amp;amp;creative=0&amp;amp;linkCode=as4&amp;amp;creativeASIN=0967068819&amp;amp;adid=1Q5G3AQVABHEKYFVDC5G&amp;amp;&quot;&gt;Freedom of Mind: Helping Loved Ones Leave Controlling People, Cults and Beliefs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, 2012, and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #20124d;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.amazon.com/Combating-Cult-Mind-Control-Best-selling/dp/0967068827/ref=as_sl_pc_ss_til?tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkCode=w01&amp;amp;linkId=EAQ3QEOTRSJF25IB&amp;amp;creativeASIN=0967068827&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Combatting Cult Mind Control: The #1 Best-selling Guide to Protection, Rescue, and Recovery from Destructive Cults: 25th Anniversary Edition&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 2015&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
  1274. &lt;br /&gt;
  1275. Gafni gives the appearance, to those not in the inner circle (which includes Mariana Caplan, Sally Kempton, Lori Galperin, and whoever he is sleeping with now--noticeably all women), of being caring and accepting. However, if you become part of the inner circle, then you see many of the types of control Steve Hassan outlines.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
  1276. &lt;br /&gt;
  1277. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  1278. * * * *&lt;/div&gt;
  1279. &lt;br /&gt;
  1280. What we are seeing in his current defense strategies, which are the same strategies he has used over the last few decades, can be described as &lt;b&gt;D&lt;/b&gt;eny, &lt;b&gt;A&lt;/b&gt;ttack, &lt;b&gt;R&lt;/b&gt;everse &lt;b&gt;V&lt;/b&gt;ictim and &lt;b&gt;O&lt;/b&gt;ffender (DARVO). This is the perpetrator model developed by &lt;a href=&quot;http://dynamic.uoregon.edu/jjf/defineDARVO.html&quot;&gt;Jennifer J. Freyd at the University of Oregon&lt;/a&gt;. Freyd notes in Violations of Power, Adaptive Blindness and Betrayal Trauma Theory (&lt;i&gt;Feminism &amp;amp; Psychology&lt;/i&gt;; 1997, Feb: 7(1): 22-32).&lt;br /&gt;
  1281. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
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  1405.   Name=&quot;Table Grid 1&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
  1406.   Name=&quot;Table Grid 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
  1407.   Name=&quot;Table Grid 3&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
  1408.   Name=&quot;Table Grid 4&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
  1409.   Name=&quot;Table Grid 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
  1410.   Name=&quot;Table Grid 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
  1411.   Name=&quot;Table Grid 7&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
  1412.   Name=&quot;Table Grid 8&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
  1413.   Name=&quot;Table List 1&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
  1414.   Name=&quot;Table List 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
  1415.   Name=&quot;Table List 3&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
  1416.   Name=&quot;Table List 4&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
  1417.   Name=&quot;Table List 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
  1418.   Name=&quot;Table List 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
  1419.   Name=&quot;Table List 7&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
  1420.   Name=&quot;Table List 8&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
  1421.   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 1&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
  1422.   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
  1423.   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 3&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
  1424.   Name=&quot;Table Contemporary&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
  1425.   Name=&quot;Table Elegant&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
  1426.   Name=&quot;Table Professional&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
  1427.   Name=&quot;Table Subtle 1&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
  1428.   Name=&quot;Table Subtle 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
  1429.   Name=&quot;Table Web 1&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
  1430.   Name=&quot;Table Web 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
  1431.   Name=&quot;Table Web 3&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
  1432.   Name=&quot;Balloon Text&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
  1433.   Name=&quot;Table Theme&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Revision&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;34&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
  1434.   Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;29&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Quote&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;30&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
  1435.   Name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
  1436.   Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
  1437.   Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
  1438.   Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
  1439.   Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
  1440.   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
  1441.   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;41&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 1&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;42&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;43&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 3&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;44&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 4&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;45&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 5&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;40&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table Light&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
  1442.   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
  1443.   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
  1444.   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
  1445.   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
  1446.   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
  1447.   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
  1448.   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
  1449.   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
  1450.   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
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  1467.   Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
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  1470.   Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4&quot;/&gt;   &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
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  1492. &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;My proposal, currently very speculative, is that a frequent reaction of an abuser to being held accountable is the `DARVO&#39; response. `DARVO&#39; stands for &#39;Deny, Attack and Reverse Victim and Offender&#39;. It is important to distinguish types of denial, for an innocent person will probably deny a false accusation. Thus denial is not evidence of guilt. However, I propose that a certain kind of indignant self-righteous, and overly stated, denial may in fact relate to guilt. I hypothesize that if an accusation is true, and the accused person is abusive, the denial is more indignant, self-righteous and manipulative, as compared with denial in other cases. Similarly, I have observed that actual abusers threaten, bully and make a nightmare for anyone who holds them accountable or asks them to change their abusive behavior. This attack, intended to chill and terrify, typically includes threats of law suits, overt and covert attacks on the whistle-blower&#39;s credibility, and so on. The attack will often take the form of focusing on ridiculing the person who attempts to hold the offender account­able. The attack will also likely focus on &lt;i&gt;ad hominem&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;i&gt;ad feminam&lt;/i&gt; instead of intellectual/evidential issues. Finally, I propose that the offender rapidly creates the impression that the abuser is the wronged one, while the victim or concerned observer is the offender. Figure and ground are completely reversed. The more the offender is held accountable, the more wronged the offender claims to be. The offender accuses those who hold him accountable of perpetrating acts of defama­tion, false accusations, smearing, etc. The offender is on the offense and the person attempting to hold the offender accountable is put on the defense. (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Freyd 1997, &lt;/span&gt;29)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1493. Freyd has an empirical paper in press: Harsey, S. &amp;amp; Freyd, J.J. (in press). “It  Never Happened, You&#39;re a Liar, and I&#39;m the Victim”: An Exploration of DARVO. I look forward to reading this paper. [I also highly recommend her book, &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0470604409/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;camp=1789&amp;amp;creative=390957&amp;amp;creativeASIN=0470604409&amp;amp;linkCode=as2&amp;amp;tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkId=BJORFRW6S4FQQ5PN&quot; id=&quot;static_txt_preview&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Blind to Betrayal: Why We Fool Ourselves We Aren&#39;t Being Fooled&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (2013), which offers a more in-depth understanding of DARVO.] &lt;/div&gt;
  1494. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1495. &lt;/div&gt;
  1496. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1497. &lt;/div&gt;
  1498. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1499. &lt;br /&gt;
  1500. In the paper quoted above, she goes on to detail how the perpetrator uses our general ignorance to claim innocence.&lt;br /&gt;
  1501. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1502. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;The offender takes advantage of the confusion we have in our culture over the relationship between public provability and reality (and a legal system that has a certain history in this regard) in redefining this reality. Future research may test the hypothesis that the offender may well come to believe in his innocence via this logic: if no one can be sure he is guilty then logically he is not guilty no matter what really occurred. The reality is that defined by public proof, not by personal lived experience. As a consequence of this strategy, along with the biases in our legal system and culture, claims of being victim to false accusations may be more speakable than claims of being victim to sexual and domestic offenses. (Freyd 1997, 30)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1503. Gafni does take &quot;advantage of the confusion we have in our culture over the relationship between public provability and reality,&quot; and always tries to frame his sexual misconduct as a he-said/she-said misunderstanding. Short of legal action (the two cases that obviously rise to this level are WAY beyond the statute of limitations), there is no way to &quot;prove&quot; in public that the survivors are telling the truth.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
  1504. &lt;br /&gt;
  1505. As one might expect, Gafni continues to claim his innocence, however, it is alleged that &lt;b&gt;he continues to have sex with students&lt;/b&gt;, as well as with other people where there isn’t such an obvious power differential, including board members, employees, editors, co-teachers, financial backers, and so on--and they practically all end up traumatized in some way. He gets away with it, so it must not have happened. So he can continue doing whatever he wants.&lt;br /&gt;
  1506. &lt;br /&gt;
  1507. The women who currently surround and stand up for Gafni will, one day (a couple of years from now), be the survivors who lodge new complaints, if they are not intimidated into silence. And they will be denied, attacked, and made out by Gafni to be the perpetrators, while he is simply the humble victim.&lt;br /&gt;
  1508. &lt;br /&gt;
  1509. Concerning Gafni&#39;s identification as the victim, Terry Patten offers a very revealing story in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.terrypatten.com/blog/on-marc-gafni&quot;&gt;his blog post of January 5th&lt;/a&gt;, offering his take on the current efforts to expose Gafni&#39;s behavior:&lt;br /&gt;
  1510. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1511. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;When he was publicly accused in Israel in 2006, I presumed there were  two sides to the story, and extended my hand in friendship. I tried to  put an arm on his shoulder and accompany him through the process of  exploring how he had somehow participated in creating hurt for others,  and how now that was perhaps unjustly coming back around to hurt him. I  wanted to compassionately help him learn whatever he needed to learn and  do his own deep work. He could reckon with his shadow, learn how to  love better and be redeemed. I liked him. I could feel his pain. I could  see that there was much animus directed toward him, and I thought he  deserved care. I didn’t want him to be alone.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1512. &lt;br /&gt;
  1513. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;But he wasn’t up for that kind of friendship, or that kind of work.  He never showed any curiosity about those questions, or his  psychological dynamics and shadows, or any sincere interest in gleaning  the moral lessons of his life. Those were the conversations I tried to  have, again and again, for years, but they were never forthcoming. &lt;b&gt;He  redirected every discussion back to the injustice of the accusations  against him&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;b&gt;The story was always about his victimization&lt;/b&gt;, and he was  always only defensive. He was not receptive but active, &lt;b&gt;recruiting me to  see it all his way&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1514. [Emphasis added.]&lt;br /&gt;
  1515. &lt;br /&gt;
  1516. When Gafni re-emerged in 2008, his attitude was exactly the same. He orchestrated an interview and feature article in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.marcgafni.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/gafnicatalyst.pdf&quot;&gt;Catalyst Magazine in July 2008&lt;/a&gt; (which he allegedly helped write, and allegedly also slept with the editor to get it published), which depicted him as &quot;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;the hero of a spiritual epic&lt;/span&gt;.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  1517. &lt;br /&gt;
  1518. The following quote contains one of Gafni&#39;s favorite phrases, attributed to Allen Dershowitz, who most certainly was talking about Gafni&#39;s situation when coined that phrase, but it fits with Gafni&#39;s NEED to make the expression of his sociopathy exclusively about sexual mores.&lt;br /&gt;
  1519. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1520. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;a gifted teacher with an anti-establishment bent and a bohemian lifestyle can find his private life subjected to what legal scholar Allen Dershowitz called “sexual McCarthyism.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1521. In this recent &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/26/us/marc-gafni-center-for-integral-wisdom.html?_r=0&quot;&gt;NYT article&lt;/a&gt;, Gafni used the same basic strategy, to blame 35 years worth of accusations on &quot;pseudofeminist witch hunts&quot; and &quot;sexual McCarthyism.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  1522. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1523. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;He said that old claims against him were all exaggerated, the result of  professional resentment, and that he had been the victim of  pseudofeminist witch hunts. (He handed this columnist a copy of “Sexual  McCarthyism,” by Alan M. Dershowitz.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1524. New year, but the same old lame defenses that fool no one.&lt;br /&gt;
  1525. &lt;br /&gt;
  1526. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  1527. * * * *&lt;/div&gt;
  1528. &lt;/div&gt;
  1529. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1530. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1531. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1532. Over these years, I have frequently referred to Gafni as a sociopath. &lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;I make this assessment based on behaviors and patterns of behavior over the 35 years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt; in which he has been active as a rabbi or a teacher/guru. Having heard and read the accounts of survivors, I feel confident in the consistency of his patterns.&lt;/div&gt;
  1533. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1534. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1535. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1536. In the U.S., the term &quot;sociopath&quot; is considered short-hand for &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000921.htm&quot;&gt;Antisocial Personality Disorder&lt;/a&gt;, the only accepted DSM diagnosis for people who seem to lack a conscience and any remorse. Here the DSM-IV-TR criteria for an APD diagnosis (must have 3 or more of these symptoms):&lt;/div&gt;
  1537. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1538. &lt;br /&gt;
  1539. &lt;dl&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;A)&lt;/span&gt; A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights  of others, occurring since age 15 years, as indicated by three or more  of the following:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  1540. &lt;br /&gt;
  1541. &lt;ol&gt;
  1542. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors as indicated by repeatedly performing acts that are grounds for arrest;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1543. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;deception, as indicated by repeatedly lying, use of aliases, or conning others for personal profit or pleasure;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1544. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;impulsivity or failure to plan ahead;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1545. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;irritability and aggressiveness, as indicated by repeated physical fights or assaults;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1546. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;reckless disregard for safety of self or others;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1547. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;consistent irresponsibility, as indicated by repeated failure to  sustain consistent work behavior or honor financial obligations;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1548. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;lack of remorse, as indicated by being indifferent to or rationalizing having hurt, mistreated, or stolen from another. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1549. &lt;/ol&gt;
  1550. &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;B)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/b&gt;The individual is at least age 18 years.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;C) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;There is evidence of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conduct_disorder&quot; title=&quot;Conduct disorder&quot;&gt;conduct disorder&lt;/a&gt; with onset before age 15 years.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;D)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/b&gt;The occurrence of antisocial behavior is not exclusively during the course of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizophrenia&quot; title=&quot;Schizophrenia&quot;&gt;schizophrenia&lt;/a&gt; or a &lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manic_episode&quot; title=&quot;Manic episode&quot;&gt;manic episode&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;
  1551. &lt;/div&gt;
  1552. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1553. APD is part of the Cluster B (dramatic/erratic) personality disorders, which also includes the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borderline_personality_disorder&quot; title=&quot;Borderline personality disorder&quot;&gt;Borderline&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histrionic_personality_disorder&quot; title=&quot;Histrionic personality disorder&quot;&gt;Histrionic&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcissistic_personality_disorder&quot; title=&quot;Narcissistic personality disorder&quot;&gt;Narcissistic&lt;/a&gt; personality disorders. Occasionally, two of these can overlap in their symptomatology, and it appears Gafni has some of the APD characteristics as well as some of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) characteristics.&lt;/div&gt;
  1554. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1555. &lt;/div&gt;
  1556. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1557. &lt;br /&gt;
  1558. Looking at the list above, Gafni fits several criteria: &lt;b&gt;(1) &lt;/b&gt;he rejected accepted social norms as a rabbi and as a spiritual teacher - one of which is &quot;do not sleep with students,&quot; &lt;b&gt;(2)&lt;/b&gt; Gafni has repeatedly lied about his abuses of women, students, and employees, and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.marcgafni.com/resp/on-controversy-by-sally-kempton-and-ken-wilber/&quot;&gt;he has written defenses of his behaviors and put other peoples names on them&lt;/a&gt;, as he has done with Ken Wilber, &lt;b&gt;(4)&lt;/b&gt; former employees/students and survivors of his abuse have spoken about his rage issues when he is frustrated or threatened, &lt;b&gt;(5)&lt;/b&gt; his sexual abuses of students and co-workers does not take into account the damage his actions will have for any organization he works for or in, and &lt;b&gt;(7) &lt;/b&gt;Gafni has never taken responsibility or shown remorse for the damage he has caused so many people over the last 35 years.&lt;br /&gt;
  1559. &lt;br /&gt;
  1560. It is essential that we understand that personality disorders are &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egosyntonic_and_egodystonic&quot;&gt;egosyntonic&lt;/a&gt;,&quot; meaning that their experience is aligned with their sense of self. Basically, the person with a personality disorder feels nothing is wrong with them, but everyone else is seriously crazy. Most mental illnesses are &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egosyntonic_and_egodystonic&quot;&gt;egodystonic&lt;/a&gt;,&quot; meaning that their experience is not aligned with their sense of self. &lt;/div&gt;
  1561. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1562. &lt;/div&gt;
  1563. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1564. &lt;br /&gt;
  1565. Outside the DSM there is an accepted definition of psychopath, which is often used interchangeably with sociopath in common usage, and even in clinical work. Dr. Robert Hare, Emeritus Professor of Psychology at the University of British Columbia, has developed the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mhs.com/product.aspx?gr=saf&amp;amp;prod=pcl-r2&amp;amp;id=overview&quot;&gt;Hare Psychopathy Checklist - Revised&lt;/a&gt;, now in a 2nd Edition. Here are the characteristics of a psychopath according to the checklist:&lt;/div&gt;
  1566. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1567. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1568. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;The Hare Psychopathy Checklist – Revised&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1569. &lt;ol&gt;
  1570. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;GLIB and SUPERFICIAL CHARM&lt;/b&gt; — The tendency to be  smooth, engaging, charming, slick, and verbally facile. Psychopathic  charm is not in the least shy, self-conscious, or afraid to say  anything. &amp;nbsp;A psychopath never gets tongue-tied. They have freed  themselves from the social conventions about taking turns in talking,  for example.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1571. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;GRANDIOSE SELF-WORTH&lt;/b&gt; — A grossly inflated view of  one’s abilities and self-worth, self-assured, opinionated, cocky, a  braggart. Psychopaths are arrogant people who believe they are superior  human beings.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1572. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;NEED FOR STIMULATION or PRONENESS TO BOREDOM&lt;/b&gt; — An  excessive need for novel, thrilling, and exciting stimulation; taking  chances and doing things that are risky. Psychopaths often have low  self-discipline in carrying tasks through to completion because they get  bored easily. They fail to work at the same job for any length of time,  for example, or to finish tasks that they consider dull or routine.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1573. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;PATHOLOGICAL LYING&lt;/b&gt; — Can be moderate or high; in  moderate form, they will be shrewd, crafty, cunning, sly, and clever; in  extreme form, they will be deceptive, deceitful, underhanded,  unscrupulous, manipulative, and dishonest.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1574. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONNING AND MANIPULATIVENESS&lt;/b&gt; — The use of deceit  and deception to cheat, con, or defraud others for personal gain;  distinguished from Item #4 in the degree to which exploitation and  callous ruthlessness is present, as reflected in a lack of concern for  the feelings and suffering of one’s victims.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1575. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;LACK OF REMORSE OR GUILT&lt;/b&gt; — A lack of feelings or  concern for the losses, pain, and suffering of victims; a tendency to be  unconcerned, dispassionate, cold-hearted, and non-empathic. This item  is usually demonstrated by a disdain for one’s victims.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1576. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;SHALLOW AFFECT&lt;/b&gt; — Emotional poverty or a limited range or depth of feelings; interpersonal coldness in spite of signs of open gregariousness.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1577. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;CALLOUSNESS and LACK OF EMPATHY&lt;/b&gt; — A lack of feelings toward people in general; cold, contemptuous, inconsiderate, and tactless.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1578. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;PARASITIC LIFESTYLE&lt;/b&gt; — An intentional, manipulative,  selfish, and exploitative financial dependence on others as reflected  in a lack of motivation, low self-discipline, and inability to begin or  complete responsibilities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1579. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;POOR BEHAVIORAL CONTROLS&lt;/b&gt; — Expressions of  irritability, annoyance, impatience, threats, aggression, and verbal  abuse; inadequate control of anger and temper; acting hastily.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1580. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;PROMISCUOUS SEXUAL BEHAVIOR&lt;/b&gt; — A variety of brief,  superficial relations, numerous affairs, and an indiscriminate selection  of sexual partners; the maintenance of several relationships at the  same time; a history of attempts to sexually coerce others into sexual  activity or taking great pride at discussing sexual exploits or  conquests.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1581. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;EARLY BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS&lt;/b&gt; — A variety of behaviors  prior to age 13, including lying, theft, cheating, vandalism, bullying,  sexual activity, fire-setting, glue-sniffing, alcohol use, and running  away from home.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1582. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;LACK OF REALISTIC, LONG-TERM GOALS&lt;/b&gt; — An inability  or persistent failure to develop and execute long-term plans and goals; a  nomadic existence, aimless, lacking direction in life.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1583. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;IMPULSIVITY&lt;/b&gt; — The occurrence of behaviors that are  unpremeditated and lack reflection or planning; inability to resist  temptation, frustrations, and urges; a lack of deliberation without  considering the consequences; foolhardy, rash, unpredictable, erratic,  and reckless.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1584. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;IRRESPONSIBILITY&lt;/b&gt; — Repeated failure to fulfill or  honor obligations and commitments; such as not paying bills, defaulting  on loans, performing sloppy work, being absent or late to work, failing  to honor contractual agreements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1585. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;FAILURE TO ACCEPT RESPONSIBILITY FOR OWN ACTIONS&lt;/b&gt; — A  failure to accept responsibility for one’s actions reflected in low  conscientiousness, an absence of dutifulness, antagonistic manipulation,  denial of responsibility, and an effort to manipulate others through  this denial.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1586. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;MANY SHORT-TERM MARITAL RELATIONSHIPS&lt;/b&gt; — A lack of  commitment to a long-term relationship reflected in inconsistent,  undependable, and unreliable commitments in life, including marital.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1587. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;JUVENILE DELINQUENCY&lt;/b&gt; — Behavior problems between  the ages of 13-18; mostly behaviors that are crimes or clearly involve  aspects of antagonism, exploitation, aggression, manipulation, or a  callous, ruthless tough-mindedness.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1588. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;REVOCATION OF CONDITION RELEASE&lt;/b&gt; — A revocation of  probation or other conditional releases due to technical violations,  such as carelessness, low deliberation, or failing to appear.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1589. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;CRIMINAL VERSATILITY&lt;/b&gt; — A diversity of types of  criminal offenses, regardless if the person has been arrested or  convicted for them; taking great pride at getting away with crimes.The  word psychopath can be replaced with the word sociopath throughout this  page. The meaning is very similar, if not the same.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1590. &lt;/ol&gt;
  1591. &lt;/div&gt;
  1592. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1593. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1594. Item 1 on this list is very telling - and for those who don&#39;t understand how women who might enter into a consensual sexual relationship with Gafni then can later feel victimized, it&#39;s all right there: &quot;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;The tendency to be  smooth, engaging, charming, slick, and verbally facile. Psychopathic  charm is not in the least shy, self-conscious, or afraid to say  anything. &amp;nbsp;A psychopath never gets tongue-tied.&lt;/span&gt;&quot; Sociopaths (or psychopaths - more on the difference below) can be VERY charming and seductive, and if you&#39;ll notice in some of the online statements, even those who have distanced themselves from Gafni marvel at his charisma. It is the charisma that lures women, and it also lures in supporters (financial) and defenders (students).&lt;/div&gt;
  1595. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1596. &lt;/div&gt;
  1597. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1598. &lt;br /&gt;
  1599. Once they are seduced, especially the women, Gafni&#39;s mask will begin to slip. These women discover the porn addiction, the rage, the manipulation of others, the lack of remorse, the debasing sexuality, and the inability to tell the truth. Understandably, they are frightened of him, and when they escape, they remain trapped in silence out of fear or reprisal - because if they do speak out, he will call them liars, or say they are mentally unstable, and on an on.&lt;/div&gt;
  1600. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1601. &lt;/div&gt;
  1602. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1603. &lt;br /&gt;
  1604. If necessary, he will forge documents that exonerate him, such as &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.marcgafni.com/resp/on-controversy-by-sally-kempton-and-ken-wilber/&quot;&gt;the letter supposedly written by Ken Wilber and Sally Kempton&lt;/a&gt;. It&#39;s clear to most that Wilber had nothing to do with it - it&#39;s not his languaging, it&#39;s Gafni&#39;s. Likewise with the &quot;official&quot; &lt;a href=&quot;https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B6vl4ac7ShHUbGppeFBla1Jjc0U/edit&quot;&gt;Integral Institute Report on Marc Gafni&lt;/a&gt;, which is clearly a forgery, likely written by Gafni and/or Kempton, and Clint Fuhs (the employee Wilber commissioned to investigate, as noted without attribution in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/26/us/marc-gafni-center-for-integral-wisdom.html?_r=0&quot;&gt;NYT article&lt;/a&gt;). People who have read the document and are familiar with Gafni&#39;s writing are convinced he wrote it (and this includes his former supporter, Joe Perez).&lt;/div&gt;
  1605. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1606. &lt;/div&gt;
  1607. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1608. &lt;br /&gt;
  1609. Speaking of Sally Kempton (one of Gafni&#39;s most enduring supporters), she is the co-narccisist to Gafni&#39;s narcissistic sociopath. Kempton held the same role for Swami Muktananda in the 1970s and 80s. When the horny swami was exposed for sleeping with his female students, she continued to defend him, even after he had died. Here are two passages from &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ex-cult.org/Groups/SYDA-Yoga/leave.txt&quot;&gt;O Guru, Guru, Guru&lt;/a&gt;,&quot; which originally appeared in &lt;i&gt;The New Yorker&lt;/i&gt;, November 14, 1994 (it&#39;s pay-walled). The first is a statement by her former editor at the Village Voice, and the second is Kempton/Durgananda&#39;s denials of the sexual abuse allegations. Note: Durgananda was Kempton&#39;s name in the SYDA organization.&lt;/div&gt;
  1610. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  1611. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Ross Wetzsteon, a former editor of hers at the Voice, told me that he believes that her immersion in Siddha Yoga diminished her. &quot;Sally was a wonderfully gifted writer, and when she got involved with that place she lost all her wit, all her irony, and all her perceptiveness,&quot; he said. &quot;It was as if her brain had gone completely soft. There was a vacancy. She seemed hollow. People use the word &#39;brainwashed&#39;-I know that doesn&#39;t really apply, but it was as if her center had disappeared, not got stronger.&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1612. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  1613. * * * * &lt;/div&gt;
  1614. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1615. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  1616. &lt;span style=&quot;color: cyan;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Durgananda called the accusations &quot;laughable&quot; and &quot;ridiculous.&quot; Had they been true, she said, Muktananda would not have been able to go on giving shaktipat and the organization would not have continued to be as healthy as it was. Recently, however, I spoke with two longtime SYDA meditation teachers with well established academic and professional careers as psychotherapists, who say that Durgananda sounded a different note with them. They told me that last winter they had investigated some of the allegations, had sadly concluded that they were true, and, in May of this year, confronted Durgananda and another swami, demanding to know why the truth had been kept from them for so many years. The confrontation occurred away from the ashram, and this time, according to the therapists, Durgananda did not say that the allegations were false. Durgananda told the therapists that she knew a number of the women quite well and was convinced that whatever had happened had been beneficial to them, but that the swamis had never talked about it, because they thought it would be more appropriate to be &quot;discreet.&quot; The therapists have now left SYDA. When I phoned Durgananda and told her what they had said to me, she said, &quot;My memory is that I did deny it to them,&quot; and she added that, whether the allegations were &quot;true or not, it doesn&#39;t really change our understanding of Baba.&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1617. Kempton has been enabling Gafni&#39;s sociopathic behaviors for a decade or more.&lt;br /&gt;
  1618. &lt;br /&gt;
  1619. On the hopeful side, Kempton had the good sense to tell the NYT that young female students should stay away from Gafni.&lt;br /&gt;
  1620. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1621. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;One Gafni supporter, Sally Kempton, who is a teacher and writer of  meditation and Eastern philosophy and a member of his think tank, said  he was “a wonderful teacher for mature students” and not someone “young,  susceptible women should take as their teacher.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1622. &amp;nbsp;It&#39;s heartening to see that maybe she is getting a clue.&lt;/div&gt;
  1623. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1624. &lt;/div&gt;
  1625. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  1626. &lt;br /&gt;
  1627. * * * *&lt;/div&gt;
  1628. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1629. &lt;/div&gt;
  1630. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1631. &lt;br /&gt;
  1632. A few people (I am one) make a distinction between a psychopath and sociopath. In this distinction, psychopaths are born (strong genetic influence) but sociopaths are made (stong environmental influence).&lt;br /&gt;
  1633. &lt;br /&gt;
  1634. I suspect that Gafni was &quot;made.&quot; &lt;/div&gt;
  1635. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1636. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1637. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1638. Marc Gafni (originally Mordechai Winiarz, but also Mordechai Winyarz and Mordechai Gafni) was born in 1960 to an Orthodox family of Holocaust survivors who lived an ultra-Orthodox lifestyle.&lt;br /&gt;
  1639. &lt;br /&gt;
  1640. &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;In one of the highly suspicious psychological assessments (these are more letters of recommendation--there is not any psychological assessment in them) that Gafni offered as evidence of his fitness to return to teaching after the 2006 incident in Israel, the following information was reported by Kevin Udis, Ph.D. and Thomas Meehan, L.C.S.W., B.C.D.:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1641. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1642. &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #000066; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Marc’s review of his family, which includes two brothers and divorced parents, is laden with early tragedy and horrific abuse in his parents’ early life related to the Holocaust and numerous examples of a fractured family life, of sadistic abuse and emotional neglect. ... There are some obvious repetitions in Marc’s adult life that reflect the lack of closeness and intimacy in his life as a child and young man and a propensity to find and engage conflict. Sadly, this frequently results in a familiar experience of loneliness and a lack of security and protection.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1643. &lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
  1644. &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;In&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lukeford.net/profiles/profiles/mordecai_gafni.htm&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;a long email statement given to Luke Ford&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt; by the original 13-year-old survivor, she mentioned Gafni telling her that his mother had stuck his head in an oven.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1645. &lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
  1646. &lt;br /&gt;
  1647. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;I remember on one of the nights that he came into my room, woke me up and was trying to molest me, he told me that he and his brother were abused by their mother, who was a holocaust survivor. He told me that she stuck their heads in the kitchen oven. There was a very clear message that because of what had happened to him, he couldn&#39;t help but doing what he was doing to me, and he pleaded with me to understand that, have compassion with him, and comply.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1648. &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1649. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;If these reports are true, much of Gafni&#39;s dysfunction can be attributed to his own developmental trauma--a form of transgenerational trauma alarmingly common in families of Holocaust survivors, especially in the 2nd generation (see these recent articles: &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/aug/21/study-of-holocaust-survivors-finds-trauma-passed-on-to-childrens-genes&quot;&gt;The Guardian&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/descendants-of-holocaust-survivors-have-altered-stress-hormones/&quot;&gt;Scientific American&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-244X-12-134&quot;&gt;BMC Psychiatry&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1650. &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1651. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Years later, in an&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lukeford.net/profiles/profiles/mordecai_gafni.htm&quot;&gt; interview with Luke Ford&lt;/a&gt;, Gafni denied the story completely.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1652. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1653. &lt;br /&gt;
  1654. &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;In this case, the survivor has no reason to make up a detail like that, one that might make Gafni a more sympathetic character. And there is ample evidence that Gafni portrays himself, frequently, as a victim, whether it&#39;s of his past, his desires, or the beauty of the female he is grooming/seducing.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1655. &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1656. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Maybe I am making him more sympathetic by including this information. I will take that risk. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1657. &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1658. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;By understanding some of Gafni&#39;s history (and this is just my speculation  based on the  pseudo-psych evaluations and comments from survivors of his abuse), he was  likely terribly  abused as a child, reportedly left home as a young teen to attend a  Jewish high school, and probably has never  adequately dealt with  his childhood pain. This explains a lot of his behavior, but it does NOT justify it.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1659. &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1660. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;I&#39;m guessing that the above wounding is what I saw in his body when I saw him at the 2010 Integral Theory Conference. He has the physical presence of a person carrying a lot of toxic shame.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1661. &lt;br /&gt;
  1662. &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Toxic shame (or internal shame) is quite different from external shame. The latter is &quot;based on &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; an unpleasant but just about tolerable feeling that other people look down on you and make bad judgements about you.&quot; Toxic shame, however, is&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&quot;about feeling undesirable and unlovable,&quot; feeling&amp;nbsp; not good enough, or simply worthless (quotes are from Paul Gilbert, Professor of Psychology at the University of Derby, in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2003/feb/16/features.magazine67&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Guardian&lt;/i&gt;, Feb. 16, 2003&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;
  1663. &lt;br /&gt;
  1664. In extreme cases (a lot of the clients I work with), toxic shame results from sexual or physical abuse and/or emotional neglect of young children. When the child is three or younger, the brain is being shaped and wired based on experience and can alter neural development (once believed to be irreparable).&amp;nbsp; Even older children can be affected by abuse and neglect, but because the first three years of life are when the brain&#39;s right hemisphere is developing based on interactions with care-givers, the relational, intersubjective, and affect regulating skills are deficient or non-existent. &lt;/div&gt;
  1665. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1666. &lt;br /&gt;
  1667. More likely, however, childhood experiences of repeated and traumatic shame, including stern care-taking and little or no showing of affection, or when when responses by parents are harsh and critical more often than affectionate or loving, leads to shame becoming a primary affective experience for the child. The outcome of this is &quot;shame-proneness,&quot; a tendency to experience shame and of making sense of negative experiences as proof of personal worthlessness.&lt;/div&gt;
  1668. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1669. &lt;br /&gt;
  1670. Many researchers believe that toxic shame is the root of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and narcissistic personality disorder (NPD). Randi Kreger, author of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.amazon.com/Stop-Walking-Eggshells-Borderline-Personality/dp/1572246901/ref=as_sl_pc_ss_til?tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkCode=w01&amp;amp;linkId=B54SWUSKVMQ4MU2J&amp;amp;creativeASIN=1572246901&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Stop Walking on Eggshells: Taking Your Life Back When Someone You Care About Has Borderline Personality Disorder&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, writes on her &lt;i&gt;Psychology Today&lt;/i&gt; blog:&lt;/div&gt;
  1671. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1672. &lt;/div&gt;
  1673. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1674. &lt;/div&gt;
  1675. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1676. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1677. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;One of the prime ways people with BPD or NPD is to dump their shame on  others through blame, criticism, name-calling, and projection. This  confuses them, wears away their self-esteem, and causes them to doubt themselves. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1678. &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;And: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1679. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1680. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Shame may also be behind the BPD/NPD need for control, because people with power feel less vulnerable to being shamed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1681. &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;And this:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1682. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  1683. &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;BPs and NPs can&#39;t afford to open themselves up (if indeed, they could)  because rejection would be unthinkably wounding. It may surprise you to  know that people who become involved with borderlines and narcissists  also experience shame. Both people may need to work on their own shame  before these shame-based relationships can become healthy.&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  1684. &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Gafni&#39;s sociopathy is an acting out of his childhood  wounding and toxic shame, which likely manifests as a need to be loved and adored (and a  profound inability to tolerate rejection), to feel in control (where he  had no control over the abuse as a child), to hide his lack of self-esteem  (probably manifesting in narcissistic tendencies toward  inflation/deflation of self-concept), and to have power over his fate  (low &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus_of_control&quot;&gt;internal locus of control&lt;/a&gt;,  seeming to always be at the mercy of others, especially in terms of  justice - the &quot;fall&quot; in Israel is only partly his fault, for trusting  too much, it was more the women&#39;s shadow material). These are common  patterns for abuse survivors.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1685. &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1686. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Again, this does not justify or excuse his behavior, it only serves to explain some of it.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1687. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1688. &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1689. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1690. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  1691. &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;* * * *&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1692. &lt;br /&gt;
  1693. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
  1694. Here is a listing of all known (at this time) articles about Marc Gafni that have appeared since the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/26/us/marc-gafni-center-for-integral-wisdom.html?_r=0&quot;&gt;December 25th &lt;i&gt;New York Times&lt;/i&gt; article&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
  1695. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
  1696. &lt;/div&gt;
  1697. &lt;/div&gt;
  1698. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
  1699. &lt;/div&gt;
  1700. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1701. &lt;/div&gt;
  1702. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1703. &lt;br /&gt;
  1704. &lt;b&gt;December 27th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1705. &lt;ul&gt;
  1706. &lt;li&gt;The online Jewish magazine, &lt;i&gt;Haaretz&lt;/i&gt;, picked up the story: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.haaretz.com/jewish/.premium-1.694128&quot;&gt;Former Rabbi Accused of Improper Sexual Conduct Now Rising Star in U.S. Spiritual Movement&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  1707. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1708. &lt;b&gt;December 29th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1709. &lt;ul&gt;
  1710. &lt;li&gt;Soon followed a second article from Oppenheimer at &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/196238/understanding-the-marc-gafni-story-part-ii&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Tablet Magazine&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, part 2 of the NYT article.&lt;/li&gt;
  1711. &lt;li&gt;Also on the 29th, the &lt;i&gt;Jewish Telegraph&lt;/i&gt; posted &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jta.org/2015/12/29/news-opinion/the-telegraph/4-quotes-by-ex-orthodox-rabbi-marc-gafni-that-the-ny-times-didnt-include&quot;&gt;4 quotes by ex-Orthodox rabbi Marc Gafni not in The NY Times article&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  1712. &lt;li&gt;Matthew Gindin posted &lt;a href=&quot;http://hashkata.com/2015/12/29/some-thoughts-on-marc-gafni/&quot;&gt;Some Thoughts On Marc&amp;nbsp;Gafni&lt;/a&gt; at his blog, Seeking Her Voice. &lt;/li&gt;
  1713. &lt;li&gt;Joe Perez &quot;leaked&quot; the supposedly &quot;official&quot; &lt;a href=&quot;https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B6vl4ac7ShHUbGppeFBla1Jjc0U/edit&quot;&gt;Integral Institute Report on Marc Gafni: Summary and Conclusions&lt;/a&gt;  (circa 2008) , then deleted it. It became fully available online on  Dec. 30th. To its discredit, there are several  issues with this document, not least of which is the inclusion of  material post-2008, with an addendum noting that it had been updated in  2011 and 2014. An &quot;official&quot; document of this nature is not updated,  unless of of course it&#39;s NOT official. There is also the issue that  those who know Gafni  and his writing see his language and perspectives all over the text,  again confirming it as unofficial, and in fact, pro-Gafni propaganda.  What this DOES show is the  lengths to which Gafni will go to cover his ass - forgery, lies,  manipulation.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/li&gt;
  1714. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1715. &lt;b&gt;December 30th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1716. &lt;ul&gt;
  1717. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://findingourselvesinbiblicalnarratives.com/2015/12/30/a-call-to-shun-marc-gafni/&quot;&gt;A Call to Shun Marc&amp;nbsp;Gafni&lt;/a&gt; (at Finding Ourselves in Biblical Narratives).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
  1718. &lt;li&gt;The &lt;i&gt;Jewish Telegraph&lt;/i&gt; reported on ALEPH&#39;s (Alliance for Jewish Renewal) disavowal of Gafni, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jta.org/2015/12/30/news-opinion/united-states/marc-gafni-repudiated-again-by-renewal-group-after-airing-of-sexual-behavior&quot;&gt;Marc Gafni repudiated again by Renewal group after airing of sexual behavior&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
  1719. &lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Failed Messiah&lt;/i&gt; added their commentary in&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://failedmessiah.typepad.com/failed_messiahcom/2015/12/who-supports-accused-child-sex-abuser-marc-gafni-these-people-do-345.html&quot;&gt;Who Supports Accused Child Sex Abuser Marc Gafni? These People Do&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
  1720. &lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Jewish Week&lt;/i&gt; also posted &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thejewishweek.com/editorial-opinion/editorial/reinvented-rabbi-again&quot;&gt;The Reinvented Rabbi, Again&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
  1721. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fwn fcg&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fwb fcg&quot; data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;;&amp;quot;}&quot;&gt;Amichai Lau-Lavie posted on Facebook about &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/amichai.laulavie/posts/10153108398077126&quot;&gt;his brief but disturbing experience&lt;/a&gt; as Gafni&#39;s employee.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1722. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1723. &lt;b&gt;Also on December 30th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1724. &lt;ul&gt;
  1725. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.change.org/p/whole-foods-www-esalen-com-stop-marc-gafni-from-abusing-again&quot;&gt;Rabbi David Ingber began a petition at Change.org&lt;/a&gt; directed at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wholefoodsmarket.com/blog/john-mackeys-blog&quot;&gt;John Mackey and Whole Foods&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.esalen.org/&quot;&gt;Esalen&lt;/a&gt;, as well as the follow sites: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ievolve.org/&quot;&gt;www.ievolve.org&lt;/a&gt; (an old link for Gafni&#39;s Integral organization that is still active), &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.marcgafni.com/&quot;&gt;Marc Gafni&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.centerforintegralwisdom.org/&quot;&gt;Center for Integral Wisdom&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kenwilber.com/&quot;&gt;Ken Wilber&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.integrallife.com/&quot;&gt;Integral Life&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.venwoude.nl/trainingen_international_intro.htm&quot;&gt;Trainingen - Venwoude International&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.exeter.edu/&quot;&gt; Phillips Exeter Academy&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
  1726. &lt;li&gt;Spiritual teacher Andrew Harvey offered a 12-minute audio of his &lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.theshiftnetwork.com/blog/reflections-marc-gafni-situation&quot;&gt;Reflections on the Marc Gafni Situation&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/li&gt;
  1727. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1728. &lt;b&gt;NOTE:&lt;/b&gt; In all fairness, Robb Smith and Corey DeVos  made Integral Life a Gafni-free place in 2011, a decision that had been  in the works for a year or more, but coincided with &lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2011/09/breaking-marc-gafnis-sexual-impropriety.html&quot;&gt;Gafni&#39;s affairs that cost him his book contract with Sounds True&lt;/a&gt;, as well as damaging two wonderful women I had the privilege of speaking with and getting to know.&lt;br /&gt;
  1729. &lt;br /&gt;
  1730. &lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fwn fcg&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fwb fcg&quot; data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;;&amp;quot;}&quot;&gt;December 31st:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1731. &lt;ul&gt;
  1732. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fwn fcg&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fwb fcg&quot; data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;;&amp;quot;}&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Times of Israel&lt;/i&gt; posted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.timesofisrael.com/petition-urges-whole-foods-to-cut-ties-with-controversial-ex-rabbi/&quot;&gt;Petition  urges Whole Foods to cut ties with controversial ex-rabbi: Marc Gafni  accused of of sexual misconduct; co-founder of supermarket chain on  board of his New Age think tank&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
  1733. &lt;li&gt;The &lt;i&gt;Religion News Service&lt;/i&gt; posted &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.religionnews.com/2015/12/31/rabbis-petition-whole-foods-sever-ties-disgraced-jewish-spiritual-leader/&quot;&gt;Disgraced former rabbi’s ties to Whole Foods questioned&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;
  1734. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1735. &lt;/div&gt;
  1736. &lt;/div&gt;
  1737. &lt;/div&gt;
  1738. &lt;/div&gt;
  1739. &lt;b&gt;January 1st:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1740. &lt;ul&gt;
  1741. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fwn fcg&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fwb fcg&quot; data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;;&amp;quot;}&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Times of Israel&lt;/i&gt; posted a moving first-person account from Gafni&#39;s third wife, &lt;a href=&quot;http://blogs.timesofisrael.com/from-one-gafni-victim/&quot;&gt;A voice for Gafni&#39;s victims, from one who was there&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1742. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fwn fcg&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fwb fcg&quot; data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;;&amp;quot;}&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Jew School&lt;/i&gt; also posted their position on this, which is also a report on the petition from Rabbi Ingber -&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://jewschool.com/2016/01/38787/stopping-serial-sex-abuser-marc-mordechai-gafni/&quot;&gt;Stopping Serial Sex Abuser Marc (Mordechai) Gafni: Pressure His New Financial Backer, Whole Foods CEO John Mackey&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;
  1743. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1744. &lt;b&gt;January&lt;span class=&quot;fwn fcg&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fwb fcg&quot; data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;;&amp;quot;}&quot;&gt; 2nd:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1745. &lt;ul&gt;
  1746. &lt;li&gt;The &lt;i&gt;New York Daily News&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp; posted a scathing article (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/marc-gafni-denies-sexual-misconduct-allegations-article-1.2483567&quot;&gt;New Age guru Marc Gafni allegedly molested two NYC teen girls during the 1980s, denies sexual misconduct allegations&lt;/a&gt;) that did not let Gafni off the hook as the NYT had done.&lt;/li&gt;
  1747. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/kipp.friedman?fref=nf&quot;&gt;Kipp Friedman&lt;/a&gt; discloses on Facebook that in 1987 he was asked by rabbinic leaders to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10208198307144913&amp;amp;set=a.1160878511668.24877.1518972693&amp;amp;type=3&quot;&gt;cover up Gafni&#39;s alleged sexual abuses in Boca Raton&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;
  1748. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1749. &lt;b&gt;January 3rd:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1750. &lt;ul&gt;
  1751. &lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Forward&lt;/i&gt; (an online Jewish magazine) posted an overview of clergy abuse, which is what this really amounts to - &lt;a href=&quot;http://forward.com/opinion/328369/marc-gafni-and-the-misused-power-of-religious-leaders/#ixzz3wF3FpSBo&quot;&gt;Marc Gafni and the Misused Power of Religious Leaders&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
  1752. &lt;li&gt;Frank Visser at Integral World posts &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.integralworld.net/visser92.html&quot;&gt;What&#39;s Love Got to Do with It: Love Guru Marc Gafni under Attack after New York Times publications&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  1753. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1754. &lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;
  1755. &lt;b&gt;January 4th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1756. &lt;ul&gt;
  1757. &lt;li&gt;Chaya Kurtz posts &lt;a href=&quot;http://hevria.com/chaya/how-to-spot-a-sexual-preditor/&quot;&gt;How To Spot A Spiritual Sexual Predator&lt;/a&gt; on &lt;i&gt;Hevria&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  1758. &lt;li&gt;Mark Oppenheimer posts a part III to his original NYT piece, at &lt;i&gt;Tablet&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/196355/more-voices-weigh-in-on-marc-gafni-controversy&quot;&gt;More Voices Weigh In on Marc Gafni Controversy&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  1759. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1760. &lt;b&gt;January 5th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1761. &lt;ul&gt;
  1762. &lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Forward&lt;/i&gt; adds its considerable voice again in &lt;span class=&quot;headline&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://forward.com/news/328311/marc-gafni-defends-return-to-spotlight-as-backlash-gathers-steam/&quot;&gt;Marc Gafni Defends Return to Spotlight as Backlash Gathers Steam&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1763. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;headline&quot;&gt;Terry Patton posts &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.terrypatten.com/blog/on-marc-gafni&quot;&gt;On Marc Gafni&lt;/a&gt; at his blog.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1764. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;headline&quot;&gt;Someone called Snarly wrote an excellent, snarky article at &lt;i&gt;SorryWatch&lt;/i&gt; - &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sorrywatch.com/2016/01/05/who-knew-guru/&quot;&gt;Who knew, guru?&lt;/a&gt; - One of the more fun posts.&lt;/li&gt;
  1765. &lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Religion Dispatches&lt;/i&gt; posts &lt;a href=&quot;http://religiondispatches.org/the-sex-scandal-following-whole-foods-guru/&quot;&gt;The Sex Scandal Following Whole Foods’ Guru&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  1766. &lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Jewish Week&lt;/i&gt; adds another post to their coverage: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thejewishweek.com/news/national/gafni-faces-fallout-new-age-community&quot;&gt;Gafni  Faces Fallout From New Age Community: Deepak Chopra cuts ties publicly;  Esalen Institute ‘in flux’ over abuse allegations aimed at former rabbi&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  1767. &lt;li&gt;&amp;nbsp;There is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://delicious.com/marcgafni&quot;&gt;Delicious&lt;/a&gt; page with links to many Gafni articles.&lt;/li&gt;
  1768. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://alacartespirit.com/2016/01/05/check-engine-of-cars-karma-gurus-and-rabbis/&quot;&gt;CHECK ENGINE: Of Cars, Karma, Gurus and Rabbis&lt;/a&gt; by &lt;span class=&quot;byline&quot;&gt; &lt;a class=&quot;url fn n&quot; href=&quot;http://alacartespirit.com/author/anoli1/&quot; rel=&quot;author&quot; title=&quot;View all posts by ilona fried&quot;&gt;ilona fried&lt;/a&gt; at her blog, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;byline&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://alacartespirit.com/&quot; rel=&quot;home&quot; title=&quot;à la carte spirit by ilona fried&quot;&gt;à la carte spirit&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1769. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1770. &lt;/div&gt;
  1771. &lt;b&gt;January 6th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1772. &lt;ul&gt;
  1773. &lt;li&gt;From &lt;i&gt;The Times of Israel&lt;/i&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.timesofisrael.com/controversial-ex-rabbi-gafni-and-an-alleged-victim-square-off/&quot;&gt;Controversial ex-rabbi Gafni and an alleged victim square off&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  1774. &lt;li&gt;A Newswire press release: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.newswire.com/news/marc-gafni-scandals-are-only-the-tip-of-a-melting-iceberg-7222344&quot;&gt;Marc Gafni Scandals Are Only the Tip of a Melting Iceberg&lt;/a&gt;, from Scott &lt;span class=&quot;nanospell-typo&quot;&gt;Edelstein, author of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.amazon.com/Sex-Spiritual-Teacher-Happens-Problem/dp/0861715969/ref=as_sl_pc_ss_til?tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkCode=w01&amp;amp;linkId=U7PP4R724SLE4HI2&amp;amp;creativeASIN=0861715969&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Sex and the Spiritual Teacher&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  1775. &lt;li&gt;From the &lt;i&gt;Jewish Journal&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jewishjournal.com/nation/article/petition_against_ex_rabbi_gafni_gains_jewish_community_support&quot;&gt;Petition against ex-rabbi Gafni gains Jewish community support&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  1776. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/IntegralChurch/?fref=nf&quot;&gt;Integral Church&lt;/a&gt; posted on Facebook their decision to no longer work with Marc Gafni.&lt;/li&gt;
  1777. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1778. &lt;div class=&quot;tweet-row&quot;&gt;
  1779. &lt;b&gt;January 7th:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  1780. &lt;ul&gt;
  1781. &lt;li&gt;From the &lt;i&gt;Monteray County Weekly&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.montereycountyweekly.com/news/local_news/abuse-allegations-catch-up-to-a-former-rabbi/article_f8b04bcc-b4cf-11e5-ac49-a75bc369e047.html&quot;&gt;Abuse allegations catch up to a former rabbi&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  1782. &lt;li&gt;From the &lt;i&gt;Santa Cruz Sentinel&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/general-news/20160106/new-age-guru-marc-gafni-says-esalen-workshop-still-on-despite-past-misconduct-allegations&quot;&gt;New Age guru Marc Gafni says Esalen workshop still on despite past misconduct allegations&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  1783. &lt;li&gt;Elana Sztokman posted &lt;a href=&quot;https://medium.com/@jewfem/on-marc-gafni-the-new-york-times-and-how-sexual-predator-rabbis-get-communal-support-ada9b97d5479#.lw54azend&quot;&gt;On Marc Gafni, the New York Times, and how sexual-predator rabbis get communal support&lt;/a&gt; on &lt;i&gt;Medium. &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1784. &lt;li&gt;From &lt;i&gt;J Weekly&lt;/i&gt; (Northern Cal), &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/76557/social-media-storm-circles-ex-rabbi-alleged-abuser-gafni&quot;&gt;Social media storm circles ex-rabbi, alleged abuser Gafni&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  1785. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1786. &lt;b&gt;January 8th:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1787. &lt;ul&gt;
  1788. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;headline&quot;&gt;Again, from &lt;i&gt;Forward&lt;/i&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;http://forward.com/news/328938/in-recorded-conversation-gafni-considers-strategy-against-critics/#ixzz3wi6UHjOR&quot;&gt;In Recorded Conversation, Gafni Considers Strategy Against Critics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
  1789. &lt;li&gt;At &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.corpgov.net/&quot;&gt;Corporate Governance&lt;/a&gt;, shit gets real: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.corpgov.net/2016/01/john-mackey-whole-foods-in-spotlight/&quot;&gt;John Mackey &amp;amp; Whole Foods in Spotlight&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
  1790. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1791. &lt;b&gt;January 9th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1792. &lt;ul&gt;
  1793. &lt;li&gt;The post you are reading appeared. As of 1.20.2016, it has more than 1,800 views.&lt;/li&gt;
  1794. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1795. &lt;ul&gt;
  1796. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1797. &lt;ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
  1798. &lt;b&gt;January 10th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1799. &lt;ul&gt;
  1800. &lt;li&gt;From RealNancyLevine: &lt;a href=&quot;https://realnancylevine.wordpress.com/2016/01/10/op-ed-whole-foods-in-hot-water-ceo-linked-to-accused-sex-offender-rabbi/&quot;&gt;Op-Ed: Whole Foods In Hot Water: CEO Linked To Accused Sex-offender Rabbi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1801. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1802. &lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1803. &lt;b&gt;January 12th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1804. &lt;ul&gt;
  1805. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;byline&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;author-name&quot; href=&quot;http://forward.com/author/sara-kabakov/&quot;&gt;Sara Kabakov&lt;/a&gt;, Gafni&#39;s first known victim, comes forward to tell her story: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;headline&quot;&gt;‘&lt;a href=&quot;http://forward.com/opinion/329620/i-was-13-when-marc-gafnis-abuse-began/#ixzz3x57SzWMi&quot;&gt;I Was 13 When Marc Gafni’s Abuse Began&lt;/a&gt;’ in &lt;i&gt;Forward&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1806. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;headline&quot;&gt;From a group of former Gafni students (on this blog): &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2016/01/an-open-letter-in-support-of-petition.html&quot;&gt;An Open Letter In Support of the Petition to Stop Marc Gafni (Maggidic Journey Havurah)&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  1807. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1808. &lt;b&gt;January 13th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1809. &lt;ul&gt;
  1810. &lt;li&gt;From &lt;i&gt;Alternet&lt;/i&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.alternet.org/belief/sex-scandal-following-whole-foods-guru&quot;&gt;The Sex Scandal Following Whole Foods’ Guru: New Age spiritual leader Marc Gafni&#39;s most noteworthy partnership is with John Mackey, the founder of Whole Foods Market&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1811. &lt;li&gt;From &lt;i&gt;The Jewish Week&lt;/i&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thejewishweek.com/news/national/former-gafni-students-speak-out-against-him#7b6d6EVlGmTT8xAi.99&quot;&gt;Former Gafni Students Speak Out Against Him: ‘Open letter’ from ‘maggid’ program attendees disavows ex-rabbi; ‘incredible sense of betrayal’&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/li&gt;
  1812. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1813. &lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1814. &lt;b&gt;January 14th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1815. &lt;ul&gt;
  1816. &lt;li&gt;From &lt;i&gt;Forward&lt;/i&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;http://forward.com/news/330113/marc-gafni-scraps-appearance-at-new-age-retreat-amid-outcry/#ixzz3xhsCvePd&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;headline&quot;&gt;Marc Gafni Scraps Appearance at New Age Retreat Amid Outcry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1817. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;headline&quot;&gt;Also from &lt;i&gt;Forward&lt;/i&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://forward.com/opinion/editorial/329920/lets-reform-sex-abuse-laws-to-offer-justice-not-protect-predators/#ixzz3xhv0jzYX&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;headline&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;headline&quot;&gt;Let&#39;s Reform Sex Abuse Laws To Offer Justice — Not Protect Predators&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;headline&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1818. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1819. &lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;
  1820. &lt;b&gt;January 17th:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
  1821. &lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;
  1822. &lt;ul&gt;
  1823. &lt;li&gt;From me, at this blog: &lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2016/01/why-so-few-of-marc-gafnis-survivors.html&quot;&gt;Why So Few of Marc Gafni&#39;s Survivors Have Come Forward&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1824. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1825. &lt;/div&gt;
  1826. &lt;b&gt;January 18th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1827. &lt;ul&gt;
  1828. &lt;li&gt;From &lt;i&gt;Monterey County NOW&lt;/i&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.montereycountyweekly.com/blogs/news_blog/marc-gafni-spiritual-teacher-under-fire-cancels-esalen-workshop/article_a18620f6-be2a-11e5-a11a-d7518a62f10f.html&quot;&gt;Marc Gafni, spiritual teacher under fire, cancels Esalen workshop&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1829. &lt;li&gt;From Nancy Levine at EpicTimes: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.epictimes.com/nancylevine/2016/01/open-letter-to-whole-foods-ceo-john-mackey-re-marc-gafni/#sthash.2uRfjNy3.dpuf&quot;&gt;Open Letter to Whole Foods CEO John Mackey RE: Marc Gafni&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
  1830. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1831. &lt;b&gt;January 19th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1832. &lt;div class=&quot;copy-paste-block&quot;&gt;
  1833. &lt;ul&gt;
  1834. &lt;li&gt;From &lt;i&gt;The Jewish Week&lt;/i&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thejewishweek.com/editorial-opinion/opinion/sacrificing-victims-altars-silence-and-power#wGMX58tEUiPZ6TE0.99&quot;&gt;Sacrificing Victims On The Altars Of Silence And Power&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  1835. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1836. &lt;/div&gt;
  1837. &lt;b&gt;January 20th:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1838. &lt;ul&gt;
  1839. &lt;li&gt;From Hevria, another Gafni victim comes forward: &lt;a href=&quot;http://hevria.com/anonymous/confronting-relationship-marc-gafni/&quot;&gt;Confronting My Relationship With Marc Gafni&lt;/a&gt;, by Anonymous &lt;/li&gt;
  1840. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1841. &lt;br /&gt;
  1842. &lt;ul&gt;
  1843. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1844. &lt;br /&gt;
  1845. As  readers of this blog are well-aware, I have been tracking and reporting  on Gafni and his predatory behaviors since May of 2006, when&amp;nbsp;three  women (Gafni was 46, they were in their 20s) in his Israeli Jewish  community came forward about him having affairs with each of them and  swearing them to secrecy. [&lt;a href=&quot;http://forward.com/news/965/rabbi-fired-over-sex-claims-defenders-offer-mea-c/&quot;&gt;Other reports&lt;/a&gt;  placed the number at five women, three of whom filed complaints with  the police, as well as others from the community and from Jerusalem who  came forward when the story broke.]&lt;br /&gt;
  1846. &lt;br /&gt;
  1847. Here are some old posts from this blog:&lt;br /&gt;
  1848. &lt;ul&gt;
  1849. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;PXLWASD-F-i&quot; href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2006/05/ken-wilber-on-rabbi-marc-gafnis-sexual.html&quot;&gt;Ken Wilber on Rabbi Marc Gafni&#39;s Sexual Misconduct&lt;/a&gt; May, 16, 2006&lt;/li&gt;
  1850. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2006/05/more-on-marc-gafni.html&quot;&gt;More on Marc Gafni&lt;/a&gt; May 16, 2006&lt;/li&gt;
  1851. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2008/07/abusive-gurus-return-of-marc-gafni.html&quot;&gt;Abusive Gurus -The Return of Marc Gafni [Updated]&lt;/a&gt; July 7, 2008&lt;/li&gt;
  1852. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2008/07/marc-gafni-update-confessionapology.html&quot;&gt;Marc Gafni Update &amp;amp; A Confession/Apology&lt;/a&gt; July 12, 2008&lt;/li&gt;
  1853. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2008/07/notice-to-marc-gafni-supporters.html&quot;&gt;Notice to Marc Gafni Supporters&lt;/a&gt; July 13, 2008&lt;/li&gt;
  1854. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2010/03/how-to-have-relationships-integral.html&quot;&gt;How to Have Relationships the Integral Narcissist Way&lt;/a&gt; March24, 2010&lt;/li&gt;
  1855. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2010/07/why-is-marc-gafni-featured-in-3.html&quot;&gt;Why Is Marc Gafni Featured in 3 Sessions at the 2010 Integral Theory Conference?&lt;/a&gt; July 27, 2010 &lt;/li&gt;
  1856. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;PXLWASD-F-i&quot; href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2010/08/comments-reopened-on-itc2010-marc-gafni.html&quot;&gt;Comments Reopened on the #ITC2010 Marc Gafni Post&lt;/a&gt; August 8, 2010&lt;/li&gt;
  1857. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2010/08/updated-plagiarism-marc-gafni.html&quot;&gt;[UPDATED] Plagiarism: Marc Gafni Plagiarized Alan Barstow and Diane Hamilton Took the Fall&lt;/a&gt; August 8, 2010&lt;/li&gt;
  1858. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2010/08/rocky-andersons-personal-statement-on.html&quot;&gt;Rocky Anderson&#39;s Personal Statement on Gafni&#39;s Plagiarism&lt;/a&gt; August 9, 2010&lt;/li&gt;
  1859. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2011/09/breaking-marc-gafnis-sexual-impropriety.html&quot;&gt;BREAKING: Marc Gafni&#39;s Sexual Impropriety Re- Emerges - Will Integral Leadership Step Up this Time?&lt;/a&gt; September 12, 2011&lt;/li&gt;
  1860. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2011/09/robb-smiths-response-to-march-gafni.html&quot;&gt;Robb Smith&#39;s Response to the Marc Gafni Situation&lt;/a&gt; September 13, 2011&lt;/li&gt;
  1861. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2011/09/john-dupuy-my-opinion-on-marc-gafni.html&quot;&gt;John Dupuy - My Opinion on the Marc Gafni Situation&lt;/a&gt; September 22, 2011&lt;/li&gt;
  1862. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2011/09/joe-perez-joins-protect-marc-gafni-camp.html&quot;&gt;Joe Perez Joins the &quot;Protect Marc Gafni&quot; Camp&lt;/a&gt; September 26, 2011 &lt;/li&gt;
  1863. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;PXLWASD-F-i&quot; href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2011/10/open-letter-to-joe-perez-on-attacking.html&quot;&gt;Open Letter to Joe Perez on Attacking Tami Simon&lt;/a&gt; October 3, 2011 &lt;/li&gt;
  1864. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2011/10/ken-wilbers-says-whole-lot-of-nothing.html&quot;&gt;Ken Wilber Says a Whole Lot of Nothing about the Latest Gafni &quot;Debacle&quot;&lt;/a&gt; October 7, 2011&lt;/li&gt;
  1865. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2011/12/tikkun-zvi-bellin-recounts-his.html&quot;&gt;Tikkun - Zvi Bellin Recounts His Experience as Marc Gafni&#39;s Student in Israel&lt;/a&gt; December 16, 2011&lt;/li&gt;
  1866. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;PXLWASD-F-i&quot; href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2011/12/ken-wilber-offers-his-final-statement.html&quot;&gt;Ken Wilber Offers His Final Statement on Marc Gafni&lt;/a&gt; December 26, 2011&lt;/li&gt;
  1867. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;PXLWASD-F-i&quot; href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2012/01/integrales-forum-statement-on-sexual.html&quot;&gt;INTEGRALES FORUM  - A Statement on Sexual Ethics&lt;/a&gt; January 27, 2012&lt;/li&gt;
  1868. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;PXLWASD-F-i&quot; href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2013/05/joel-kramer-and-diana-alstad-gurus-and.html&quot;&gt;Joel Kramer and Diana Alstad - Gurus and the Masks of Authoritarian Power&lt;/a&gt; May 29, 2013&lt;/li&gt;
  1869. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;PXLWASD-F-i&quot; href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2014/04/why-predators-are-attracted-to-careers.html&quot;&gt;Why Predators Are Attracted to Careers In The Clergy&lt;/a&gt; April 22, 2014 &lt;/li&gt;
  1870. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2015/05/how-perpetrators-make-themselves.html&quot;&gt;How Perpetrators Make Themselves the Vicitms: &quot;Deny, Attack, and Reverse Victim and Offender&quot; (DARVO)&lt;/a&gt; May 28, 2015&lt;/li&gt;
  1871. &lt;li&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;PXLWASD-F-i&quot; href=&quot;http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2015/07/cults-and-intelligent-sociopaths.html&quot;&gt;Cults and Intelligent Sociopaths&lt;/a&gt; July 15, 2015&lt;/li&gt;
  1872. &lt;/ul&gt;
  1873. &lt;/div&gt;
  1874. &lt;br /&gt;</description><link>http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2016/01/marc-gafni-beneath-and-behind-denials.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (william harryman)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13617569.post-2511910030239590322</guid><pubDate>Mon, 02 Nov 2015 00:30:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2015-11-01T17:30:32.719-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">cancer</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">curcumin</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">diabetes</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">inflammation</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">neurodegeneration</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">prostate cancer</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">psychological distress</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">research</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">supplements</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">turmeric</category><title>The Many Health Benefits of Turmeric and Curcumin - A Literature Review</title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  1875. &lt;img src=&quot;http://www.inflammation2011.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/turmeric.jpg&quot; height=&quot;412&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1876. &lt;br /&gt;
  1877. Turmeric (&lt;i&gt;Curcuma longa&lt;/i&gt;) is a rhizomatic&amp;nbsp;herbaceous&amp;nbsp;plant belonging to the ginger family,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Zingiberaceae&lt;/i&gt;.&amp;nbsp;It is native to southwest India (also cultivated in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and most of Southeast Asia), where plants are gathered annually for their rhizomes and propagated from some of those same rhizomes in the following season.&lt;br /&gt;
  1878. &lt;br /&gt;
  1879. When not used fresh (like ginger), the rhizomes are boiled for about 30–45 minutes then dried in hot ovens, after which they are ground into a deep-orange-yellow powder&amp;nbsp;commonly used as a spice in various forms of curries, as a&amp;nbsp;dye, and to impart color to mustard condiments.&lt;br /&gt;
  1880. &lt;div&gt;
  1881. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1882. &lt;div&gt;
  1883. One active ingredient in turmeric is curcumin (perhaps the most well-known as a result of the proliferation of curcumin supplements over the last two decades), which has an earthy, mildly bitter, and peppery&amp;nbsp;flavor.&lt;/div&gt;
  1884. &lt;br /&gt;
  1885. The most important chemical components of turmeric are a group of compounds called curcuminoids, which include curcumin (diferuloylmethane), demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. The best-studied compound is curcumin, which constitutes between 3-6% (on average) of powdered turmeric. In addition, other important volatile oils include turmerone, atlantone, and zingiberene.&lt;br /&gt;
  1886. &lt;br /&gt;
  1887. In India, turmeric has been used as a remedy for stomach and liver ailments, as well as topically to heal sores, basically for its supposed antimicrobial property.&lt;br /&gt;
  1888. &lt;div&gt;
  1889. &lt;br /&gt;
  1890. The active compound curcumin is believed to have a wide range of biological effects including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, antibacterial, and antiviral activities, which have shown a lot of potential for use in clinical medicine.&lt;/div&gt;
  1891. &lt;br /&gt;
  1892. In this review of the literature on curcumin, I am looking at the anti-inflammatory effects, diabetes prevention, anti-cancer effects, with a section devoted to prostate cancer, treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative disorders, and finally, its use of psychological disorders.&lt;br /&gt;
  1893. &lt;br /&gt;
  1894. &lt;b&gt;NOTE:&lt;/b&gt; One of the well-recognized issues with turmeric/curcumin as medicine is its poor bioavailability through oral administration. There is considerable effort dedicated to finding a way to make curcumin/turmeric more bioavailable, including lipid delivery systems,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19124065&quot;&gt;self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS)&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;nanoparticulate delivery systems. and many others - see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3151314/&quot;&gt;Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Curcumin for Cancer Chemoprevention&lt;/a&gt; for a good overview.&lt;br /&gt;
  1895. &lt;br /&gt;
  1896. If you choose to take turmeric/curcumin (traditionally, curcumin has been much more widely recognized, but newer research suggests the whole herb has more advantages), look for a product that contains piperine or Bioperine (black pepper extract), which inhibits the enzymes that break down most supplements and medicines in the gut.&lt;br /&gt;
  1897. &lt;br /&gt;
  1898. &lt;div&gt;
  1899. &lt;b&gt;Contents:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1900. &lt;br /&gt;
  1901. &lt;b&gt;1. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF TURMERIC&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1902. &lt;b&gt;2. TREATING AND/OR PREVENTING DIABETES&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1903. &lt;b&gt;3. ANTI-CANCER USES FOR CURCUMIN&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1904. &lt;b&gt;4. TURMERIC/CURCUMIN and PROSTATE CANCER&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1905. &lt;b&gt;5. CURCUMIN FOR NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1906. &lt;b&gt;6. CURCUMIN/TURMERIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1907. &lt;div&gt;
  1908. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1909. &lt;div&gt;
  1910. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  1911. ######&lt;br /&gt;
  1912. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1913. &lt;/div&gt;
  1914. &lt;b&gt;1. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF TURMERIC&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1915. &lt;br /&gt;
  1916. The ability to reduce inflammation may one of the most widely studied actions of turmeric/curcumin.&lt;br /&gt;
  1917. &lt;br /&gt;
  1918. &lt;b&gt;Curcumin: An Anti-Inflammatory Molecule from a Curry Spice on the Path to Cancer Treatment&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1919. &lt;br /&gt;
  1920. Purusotam Basnet and Natasa Skalko-Basnet&lt;br /&gt;
  1921. &lt;br /&gt;
  1922. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Molecules&lt;/i&gt; &lt;/b&gt;(2011): 16; 4567-4598; DOI: 10.3390/molecules16064567&lt;br /&gt;
  1923. &lt;br /&gt;
  1924. &lt;b&gt;Abstract:&lt;/b&gt; Oxidative damage and inflammation have been pointed out in preclinical studies as the root cause of cancer and other chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, Alzheimer’s disease, etc. Epidemiological and clinical studies have suggested that cancer could be prevented or significantly reduced by treatment with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs, therefore, curcumin, a principal component of turmeric (a curry spice) showing strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, might be a potential candidate for the prevention and/or treatment of cancer and other chronic diseases. However, curcumin, a highly pleiotropic molecule with an excellent safety profile targeting multiple diseases with strong evidence on the molecular level, could not achieve its optimum therapeutic outcome in past clinical trials, largely due to its low solubility and poor bioavailability. Curcumin can be developed as a therapeutic drug through improvement in formulation properties or delivery systems, enabling its enhanced absorption and cellular uptake. This review mainly focuses on the anti-inflammatory potential of curcumin and recent developments in dosage form and nanoparticulate delivery systems with the possibilities of therapeutic application of curcumin for the prevention and/or treatment of cancer.&lt;br /&gt;
  1925. &lt;br /&gt;
  1926. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  1927. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  1928. &lt;br /&gt;
  1929. &lt;b&gt;Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Curcumin&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1930. &lt;br /&gt;
  1931. Venugopal P. Menon and Adluri Ram Sudheer&lt;br /&gt;
  1932. &lt;br /&gt;
  1933. Chapter:&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;The Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Uses of Curcumin in Health and Disease&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1934. Volume 595 of the series &lt;b&gt;Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology&lt;/b&gt;; pp 105-125&lt;br /&gt;
  1935. &lt;br /&gt;
  1936. &lt;b&gt;Abstract:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Curcumin, a yellow pigment from &lt;i&gt;Curcuma longa&lt;/i&gt;, is a major component of turmeric and is commonly used as a spice and food-coloring agent. It is also used as a cosmetic and in some medical preparations. The desirable preventive or putative therapeutic properties of curcumin have also been considered to be associated with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Because free-radical-mediated peroxidation of membrane lipids and oxidative damage of DNAand proteins are believed to be associated with a variety of chronic pathological complications such as cancer, atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases, curcumin is thought to play a vital role against these pathological conditions.&lt;br /&gt;
  1937. &lt;div&gt;
  1938. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  1939. &lt;div&gt;
  1940. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  1941. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  1942. &lt;br /&gt;
  1943. &lt;b&gt;Curcumin-free turmeric exhibits anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities: Identification of novel components of turmeric&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1944. &lt;br /&gt;
  1945. Bharat B. Aggarwal, Wei Yuan, Shiyou Li, and Subash C. Gupta&lt;br /&gt;
  1946. &lt;br /&gt;
  1947. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Molecular nutrition &amp;amp; food research&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (2013): 57; 1529–1542. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200838&lt;br /&gt;
  1948. &lt;br /&gt;
  1949. &lt;b&gt;Abstract:&lt;/b&gt; Turmeric, a dried powder derived from the rhizome of &lt;i&gt;Curcuma longa&lt;/i&gt;, has been used for centuries in certain parts of the world and has been linked to numerous biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antigrowth, anti-arthritic, anti-atherosclerotic, antidepressant, anti-aging, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, wound healing, andmemory-enhancing activities. One component of turmeric is curcumin, which has been extensively studied, as indicated bymore than 5600 citations,most of which have appeared within the past decade. Recent research has identified numerous chemical entities from turmeric other than curcumin. It is unclear whether all of the activities ascribed to turmeric are due to curcumin or whether other compounds in turmeric can manifest these activities uniquely, additively, or synergistically with curcumin. However, studies have indicated that turmeric oil, present in turmeric, can enhance the bioavailability of curcumin. Studies over the past decade have indicated that curcumin-free turmeric (CFT) components possess numerous biological activities including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antidiabetic activities. Elemene derived from turmeric is approved in China for the treatment of cancer. The current review focuses on the anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities exhibited by CFT and by some individual components of turmeric, including turmerin, turmerone, elemene, furanodiene, curdione, bisacurone, cyclocurcumin, calebin A, and germacrone.&lt;br /&gt;
  1950. &lt;br /&gt;
  1951. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  1952. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  1953. &lt;br /&gt;
  1954. &lt;b&gt;The effect of turmeric (Curcumin) supplementation on cytokine and inflammatory marker responses following 2 hours of endurance cycling&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1955. &lt;br /&gt;
  1956. Joseph N Sciberras, Stuart DR Galloway, Anthony Fenech, Godfrey Grech, Claude Farrugia, Deborah Duca, and Janet Mifsud&lt;br /&gt;
  1957. &lt;br /&gt;
  1958. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (2015); 12:5. DOI: 10.1186/s12970-014-0066-3&lt;br /&gt;
  1959. &lt;br /&gt;
  1960. &lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1961. &lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; Endurance exercise induces IL-6 production from myocytes that is thought to impair intracellular defence mechanisms. Curcumin inhibits NF-κB and activator protein 1, responsible for cytokine transcription, in cell lines. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin supplementation on the cytokine and stress responses following 2 h of cycling.&lt;br /&gt;
  1962. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Eleven male recreational athletes (35.5 ± 5.7 years; Wmax 275 ± 6 W; 87.2 ± 10.3 kg) consuming a low carbohydrate diet of 2.3 ± 0.2 g/kg/day underwent three double blind trials with curcumin supplementation, placebo supplementation, and no supplementation (control) to observe the response of serum interleukins (IL-6, IL1-RA, IL-10), cortisol, c-reactive protein (CRP), and subjective assessment of training stress. Exercise was set at 95% lactate threshold (54 ± 7% Wmax) to ensure that all athletes completed the trial protocol.&lt;br /&gt;
  1963. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The trial protocol elicted a rise in IL-6 and IL1-RA, but not IL-10. The supplementation regimen failed to produce statistically significant results when compared to placebo and control. IL-6 serum concentrations one hour following exercise were (Median (IQR): 2.0 (1.8-3.6) Curcumin; 4.8 (2.1-7.3) Placebo; 3.5 (1.9-7.7) Control). Differences between supplementation and placebo failed to reach statistical significance (p = 0.18) with the median test. Repeated measures ANOVA time-trial interaction was at p = 0.06 between curcumin supplementation and placebo. A positive correlation (p = 0.02) between absolute exercise intensity and 1 h post-exercise for IL-6 concentration was observed. Participants reported “better than usual” scores in the subjective assessment of psychological stress when supplementing with curcumin, indicating that they felt less stressed during training days (p = 0.04) compared to placebo even though there was no difference in RPE during any of the training days or trials.&lt;br /&gt;
  1964. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; The limitations of the current regimen and trial involved a number of factors including sample size, mode of exercise, intensity of exercise, and dose of curcumin. Nevertheless these results provide insight for future studies with larger samples, and multiple curcumin dosages to investigate if different curcumin regimens can lead to statistically different interleukin levels when compared to a control and placebo.&lt;br /&gt;
  1965. &lt;br /&gt;
  1966. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  1967. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  1968. &lt;br /&gt;
  1969. &lt;b&gt;Effect on Pro-inflammatory and Antioxidant Genes and Bioavailable Distribution of Whole Turmeric vs Curcumin: Similar Root but Different Effects&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1970. &lt;br /&gt;
  1971. &lt;div&gt;
  1972. Robert CG Martin, Harini S Aiyer, Daniel Malik, and Yan Li&lt;br /&gt;
  1973. &lt;br /&gt;
  1974. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Food Chemistry Toxicology&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (2012, Feb); 50(2): 227–231.&amp;nbsp;Published online 2011 Nov 4. DOI:  10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.070&lt;br /&gt;
  1975. &lt;br /&gt;
  1976. &lt;b&gt;Abstract:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Curcuma longa&lt;/i&gt; is a perennial member of the &lt;i&gt;Zingiberaceae&lt;/i&gt; family, and cultivated mainly in India, and Southeast Asia. The hypothesis for this study is that turmeric will have distinctive effects from curcumin due to the presence of other bioactive compounds. Thirty Eight-week old Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into 3 oral feeding groups. Group 1, standard rat chow, Control diet - AIN 93M, group 2 Curcumin- 700 ppm or 0.7 g/kg diet, and group 3 - Turmeric -14,000 ppm or 14 g/kg diet for a total of 3 weeks. One group of rats were feed all three diets only and another group underwent esophagoduodenal anastomosis to evaluate the effects of bioavailability. Curcumin diet did not increase the transcription of mRNA of TNF-alpha, IL-6, iNOS and COX-2. The average fold change in the mRNAs level was not significant. Whereas turmeric diet increases the levels of IL-6 (1.9 fold, p=0.05) iNOS (4.39 fold, p=0.02), IL-8 (3.11 fold, p=0.04) and COX-2 (2.02 fold, p=0.05), suggesting that turmeric either was more bioavailabile or had more affect on pro-inflammatory genes compare to curcumin diet. We have demonstrated the molecular effects of curcumin and turmeric in the role as an anti-inflammatory therapy. However, significant bioavailable differences do occur and must be considered in further chemopreventative investigative trials the setting of reflux esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus, and other upper gastrointestinal cancers.&lt;/div&gt;
  1977. &lt;br /&gt;
  1978. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  1979. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  1980. &lt;br /&gt;
  1981. &lt;b&gt;Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Properties of &lt;i&gt;Curcuma longa&lt;/i&gt; (Turmeric) Versus &lt;i&gt;Zingiber officinale&lt;/i&gt; (Ginger) Rhizomes in Rat Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1982. &lt;br /&gt;
  1983. Gamal Ramadan, Mohammed Ali Al-Kahtani, and Wael Mohamed El-Sayed&lt;br /&gt;
  1984. &lt;br /&gt;
  1985. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Inflammation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (2011, Aug); 34(4); 291-301. DOI: 10.1007/s10753-010-9278-0&lt;br /&gt;
  1986. &lt;br /&gt;
  1987. Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Properties of Curcuma longa (Turmeric) Versus Zingiber officinale (Ginger) Rhizomes in Rat Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis Gamal Ramadan,1,2,3 Mohammed Ali Al-Kahtani,1 and Wael Mohamed El-Sayed1,2 Abstract—Turmeric (rich in curcuminoids) and ginger (rich in gingerols and shogaols) rhizomes have been widely used as dietary spices and to treat different diseases in Ayurveda/Chinese medicine since antiquity. Here, we compared the anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidant activity of these two plants in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA). Both plants (at dose 200 mg/kg body weight) signi- ficantly suppressed (but with different degrees) the incidence and severity of arthritis by increasing/ decreasing the production of anti-inflammatory/pro-inflammatory cytokines, respectively, and activating the anti-oxidant defence system. The anti-arthritic activity of turmeric exceeded that of ginger and indomethacin (a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug), especially when the treatment started from the day of arthritis induction. The percentage of disease recovery was 4.6–8.3% and 10.2% more in turmeric compared with ginger and indomethacin (P&amp;lt;0.05), respectively. The present study proves the anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidant activity of turmeric over ginger and indomethacin, which may have beneficial effects against rheumatoid arthritis onset/progression as shown in AIA rat model.&lt;br /&gt;
  1988. &lt;br /&gt;
  1989. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  1990. ######&lt;/div&gt;
  1991. &lt;br /&gt;
  1992. &lt;b&gt;2. TREATING AND/OR PREVENTING DIABETES&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1993. &lt;br /&gt;
  1994. One of the lesser known uses of turmeric/curcumin is in the treatment and prevention of diabetes.&lt;br /&gt;
  1995. &lt;br /&gt;
  1996. &lt;b&gt;Curcuminoids and Sesquiterpenoids in Turmeric (&lt;i&gt;Curcuma longa L.&lt;/i&gt;) Suppress an Increase in Blood Glucose Level in Type 2 Diabetic KK-Ay Mice&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  1997. &lt;br /&gt;
  1998. Tozo Nishoyama, Tatsumasa Mae, Hideyuki Kishida, Misuzu Tsukagawa, Yoshihiro Mimaki, Minpei Kuroda, Yutaka Sashida, Kazuma Takahashi, Teruo Kawada, Kaku Nakagawa, and Mikio Kitahara&lt;br /&gt;
  1999. &lt;br /&gt;
  2000. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (2005): 53(4); 959−963. DOI:&amp;nbsp;10.1021/jf0483873&lt;br /&gt;
  2001. &lt;br /&gt;
  2002. &lt;b&gt;Abstract:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Turmeric, the rhizome of &lt;i&gt;Curcuma longa L&lt;/i&gt;., has a wide range of effects on human health. The chemistry includes curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids as components, which are known to have antioxidative, anticarcinogenic, and antiinflammatory activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of three turmeric extracts on blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic KK-Ay mice (6 weeks old, n ) 5/group). These turmeric extracts were obtained by ethanol extraction (E-ext) to yield both curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids, hexane extraction (H-ext) to yield sesquiterpenoids, and ethanol extraction from hexane-extraction residue (HE-ext) to yield curcuminoids. The control group was fed a basal diet, while the other groups were fed a diet containing 0.1 or 0.5 g of H-ext or HE-ext/100 g of diet or 0.2 or 1.0 g of E-ext/100 g of diet for 4 weeks. Although blood glucose levels in the control group significantly increased (P &amp;lt; 0.01) after 4 weeks, feeding of 0.2 or 1.0 g of E-ext, 0.5 g of H-ext, and 0.5 g of HE-ext/100 g of diet suppressed the significant increase in blood glucose levels. Furthermore, E-ext stimulated human adipocyte differentiation, and these turmeric extracts had human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) ligand-binding activity in a GAL4- PPAR-γ chimera assay. Also, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, and arturmerone had PPAR-γ ligand-binding activity. These results indicate that both curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids in turmeric exhibit hypoglycemic effects via PPAR-γ activation as one of the mechanisms, and suggest that E-ext including curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids has the additive or synergistic effects of both components.&lt;br /&gt;
  2003. &lt;br /&gt;
  2004. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2005. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  2006. &lt;br /&gt;
  2007. &lt;b&gt;Turmerin, the antioxidant protein from turmeric (Curcuma longa) exhibits antihyperglycaemic effects&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2008. &lt;br /&gt;
  2009. P.C. Lekshmi, Ranjith Arimboor, K.G. Raghu &amp;amp; A. Nirmala Menon&lt;br /&gt;
  2010. &lt;br /&gt;
  2011. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Natural Product Research&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (2012): 26(17); 1654-1658. DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2011.589386&lt;br /&gt;
  2012. &lt;br /&gt;
  2013. &lt;b&gt;Abstract:&lt;/b&gt; A wide range of proteinaceous inhibitors are present in plants to protect themselves from hydrolytic enzymes. In this study, turmerin, a water-soluble peptide in turmeric rhizomes, was evaluated for its inhibitory potential against glucosidase and its antioxidant (AO) capacity. Turmerin inhibited -amylase and -glucosidase activities with IC50 values 31 and 192 mg mL1, respectively. Under the experimental conditions, those values for a standard glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose, were 81 and 296 mg mL1, respectively. The AO capacity of turmerin was evaluated using in vitro assay systems. Turmerin showed good DPPH (IC50 ¼ 29 mg mL1 ) and superoxide (IC50 ¼ 48 mg mL1) and moderate ABTS (IC50 ¼ 83 mg mL1 ) radical scavenging and Fe(II) chelation (IC50 ¼ 101 mg mL1) capacities. The inhibitory potential showed by turmerin against enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes, as well as its moderate AO capacity, could rationalise the traditional usage of turmeric rhizome preparations against diabetes.&lt;br /&gt;
  2014. &lt;br /&gt;
  2015. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2016. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  2017. &lt;br /&gt;
  2018. &lt;b&gt;Oral supplementation of turmeric attenuates proteinuria, transforming growth factor-b and interleukin-8 levels in patients with overt type 2 diabetic nephropathy: A randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2019. &lt;br /&gt;
  2020. Parviz Khajehdehi, Maryam Pakfetrat, Katayoun Javidnia, Fariborz Azadi, Leila Malekmakan, Mahshid Hashemi Nasab &amp;amp; Gholamreza Dehghanzadeh&lt;br /&gt;
  2021. &lt;br /&gt;
  2022. &lt;i style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology &lt;/i&gt;(2011); 45: 365–370.&amp;nbsp;DOI: 10.3109/00365599.2011.585622&lt;br /&gt;
  2023. &lt;br /&gt;
  2024. &lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2025. Objective. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) due to type 2 diabetic nephropathy is a very common condition which is increasing in prevalence, and is associated with high global levels of mortality and morbidity. Both proteinuria and transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b) may contribute to the development of ESRD in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Experimental studies indicate that turmeric improves diabetic nephropathy by suppressing TGF-b. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of turmeric on serum and urinary TGF-b, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), as well as proteinuria, in patients with overt type 2 diabetic nephropathy.&lt;br /&gt;
  2026. &lt;b&gt;Material and methods.&lt;/b&gt; A randomized, double-blind and placebocontrolled study was carried out in the Diabetes Clinic of the Outpatient Department of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences on 40 patients with overt type 2 diabetic nephropathy, randomized into a trial group (n = 20) and a control group (n = 20). Each patient in the trial group received one capsule with each meal containing 500 mg turmeric, of which 22.1 mg was the active ingredient curcumin (three capsules daily) for 2 months. The control group received three capsules identical in colour and size containing starch for the same 2 months.&lt;br /&gt;
  2027. &lt;b&gt;Results.&lt;/b&gt; Serum levels of TGF-b and IL-8 and urinary protein excretion and IL-8 decreased significantly comparing the pre- and post-turmeric supplementation values. No adverse effects related to turmeric supplementation were observed during the trial.&lt;br /&gt;
  2028. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion.&lt;/b&gt; Short-term turmeric supplementation can attenuate proteinuria, TGF-b and IL-8 in patients with overt type 2 diabetic nephropathy and can be administered as a safe adjuvant therapy for these patients.&lt;br /&gt;
  2029. &lt;br /&gt;
  2030. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2031. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  2032. &lt;br /&gt;
  2033. &lt;b&gt;Curcumin, the Active Principle of Turmeric (&lt;i&gt;Curcuma longa&lt;/i&gt;), Amerliorates Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2034. &lt;br /&gt;
  2035. Sameer Sharma, Shrinivas K Kulkarni and Kanwaljit Chopra&lt;br /&gt;
  2036. &lt;br /&gt;
  2037. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (2006); 33(10): 940–945. DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04468.x&lt;br /&gt;
  2038. &lt;br /&gt;
  2039. &lt;b&gt;Summary&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2040. &lt;br /&gt;
  2041. 1. Chronic hyperglycaemia in diabetes leads to the overproduction of free radicals and evidence is increasing that these contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy. Among the spices, turmeric (Curcuma longa) is used as a flavouring and colouring agent in the indian diet every day and is known to possess anti-oxidant properties. The present study was designed to examine the effect of curcumin, a yellow pigment of turmeric, on renal function and oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.&lt;br /&gt;
  2042. &lt;br /&gt;
  2043. 2. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (65 mg/kg) in rats. Four weeks after STZ injection, rats were divided into four groups, namely control rats, diabetic rats and diabetic rats treated with curcumin (15 and 30 mg/kg, p.o.) for 2 weeks. Renal function was assessed by creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and urea clearance and urine albumin excretion. Oxidative stress was measured by renal malonaldehyde, reduced glutathione and the anti-oxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase.&lt;br /&gt;
  2044. &lt;br /&gt;
  2045. 3. Streptozotocin-injected rats showed significant increases in blood glucose, polyuria and a decrease in bodyweight compared with age-matched control rats. After 6 weeks, diabetic rats also exhibited renal dysfunction, as evidenced by reduced creatinine and urea clearance and proteinuria, along with a marked increase in oxidative stress, as determined by lipid peroxidation and activities of key anti-oxidant enzymes. Chronic treatment with curcumin significantly attenuated both renal dysfunction and oxidative stress in diabetic rats.&lt;br /&gt;
  2046. &lt;br /&gt;
  2047. 4. These results provide confirmatory evidence of oxidative stress in diabetic nephropathy and point towards the possible anti-oxidative mechanism being responsible for the nephroprotective action of curcumin.&lt;br /&gt;
  2048. &lt;br /&gt;
  2049. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2050. ######&lt;/div&gt;
  2051. &lt;br /&gt;
  2052. &lt;b&gt;3. ANTI-CANCER USES FOR CURCUMIN&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2053. &lt;br /&gt;
  2054. There has likely been more money invested in how curcumin/turmeric can combat various kinds of cancer than in any other research area. With good reason., as many of these studies show. I&#39;m going to begin with some general studies, then move to the more specific, with a subjection here just for prostate cancer.&lt;br /&gt;
  2055. &lt;br /&gt;
  2056. &lt;b&gt;How Curcumin Protects Against Cancer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2057. &lt;br /&gt;
  2058. J. Everett Borger&lt;br /&gt;
  2059. &lt;br /&gt;
  2060. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Life Extension Magazine&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (2011, Mar)&lt;br /&gt;
  2061. &lt;br /&gt;
  2062. &lt;b&gt;Abstract:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2063. &lt;br /&gt;
  2064. According to the American Cancer Society [1], one out of every three women in the United&lt;br /&gt;
  2065. States risks developing some form of cancer over the course of their lives. For men, that&lt;br /&gt;
  2066. number rises to one in two. Since cancer is an age-related disease, the risk of diagnosis&lt;br /&gt;
  2067. increases the longer one lives, making it the second leading cause of death in this country [2,3].&lt;br /&gt;
  2068. &lt;br /&gt;
  2069. These data underscore a stark reality. When it comes to cancer prevention, the medical&lt;br /&gt;
  2070. establishment and drug company profiteers remain grossly negligent in protecting the public.&lt;br /&gt;
  2071. The result is countless avoidable cancer deaths each year. There is an urgent need to provide&lt;br /&gt;
  2072. aging individuals with validated interventions to target cancer’s multiple causative factors before they take hold.&lt;br /&gt;
  2073. &lt;br /&gt;
  2074. Among the most compelling and underrecognized of these is curcumin. In contrast to mainstream oncology’s focus on single agent toxic treatments, curcumin has emerged as a potent multimodal cancer-preventing agent, with 240 published studies appearing in the global scientific literature in the past year alone.&lt;br /&gt;
  2075. &lt;br /&gt;
  2076. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2077. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  2078. &lt;br /&gt;
  2079. &lt;b&gt;Curcumin and Cancer Cells: How Many Ways Can Curry Kill Tumor Cells Selectively?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2080. &lt;br /&gt;
  2081. Jayaraj Ravindran, Sahdeo Prasad, and Bharat B. Aggarwal&lt;br /&gt;
  2082. &lt;br /&gt;
  2083. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;The AAPS Journal&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (2009, Sep): 11(3); 495-510. DOI: 10.1208/s12248-009-9128-x&lt;br /&gt;
  2084. &lt;br /&gt;
  2085. &lt;b&gt;Abstract.&lt;/b&gt; Cancer is a hyperproliferative disorder that is usually treated by chemotherapeutic agents that are toxic not only to tumor cells but also to normal cells, so these agents produce major side effects. In addition, these agents are highly expensive and thus not affordable for most. Moreover, such agents cannot be used for cancer prevention. Traditional medicines are generally free of the deleterious side effects and usually inexpensive. Curcumin, a component of turmeric (&lt;i&gt;Curcuma longa&lt;/i&gt;), is one such agent that is safe, affordable, and efficacious. How curcumin kills tumor cells is the focus of this review. We show that curcumin modulates growth of tumor cells through regulation of multiple cell signaling pathways including cell proliferation pathway (cyclin D1, c-myc), cell survival pathway (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, cFLIP, XIAP, c-IAP1), caspase activation pathway (caspase-8, 3, 9), tumor suppressor pathway (p53, p21) death receptor pathway (DR4, DR5), mitochondrial pathways, and protein kinase pathway (JNK, Akt, and AMPK). How curcumin selectively kills tumor cells, and not normal cells, is also described in detail.&lt;br /&gt;
  2086. &lt;br /&gt;
  2087. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2088. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  2089. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2090. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2091. &lt;b&gt;Curcumin (Diferuloylmethane) Down-Regulates Expression of Cell Proliferation and Antiapoptotic and Metastatic Gene Products through Suppression of I B  Kinase and Akt Activation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2092. &lt;br /&gt;
  2093. Sita Aggarwal, Haruyo Ichikawa, Yasunari Takada, Santosh K. Sandur, Shishir Shishodia,&lt;br /&gt;
  2094. and Bharat B. Aggarwal&lt;br /&gt;
  2095. &lt;br /&gt;
  2096. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Molecular Pharmacology&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (2006): 69(1);&amp;nbsp;195–206. DOI: 10.1124/mol.105.017400&lt;br /&gt;
  2097. &lt;br /&gt;
  2098. &lt;b&gt;Abstract:&lt;/b&gt; Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), an anti-inflammatory agent used in traditional medicine, has been shown to suppress cellular transformation, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis through a mechanism not fully understood. Because several genes that mediate these processes are regulated by nuclear factor- B (NF- B), we have postulated that curcumin mediates its activity by modulating NF- B activation. Indeed, our laboratory has shown previously that curcumin can suppress NF- B activation induced by a variety of agents (&lt;i&gt;J Biol&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Chem&lt;/i&gt; 270:24995–50000, 1995) . In the present study, we investigated the mechanism by which curcumin manifests its effect on NF- B and NF- B-regulated gene expression. Screening of 20 different analogs of curcumin showed that curcumin was the most potent analog in suppressing the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced NF- B activation. Curcumin inhibited TNF-induced NF- B-dependent reporter gene expression in a dose-dependent manner. Curcumin also suppressed NF- B reporter activity induced by tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)1, TNFR2, NF- B-inducing kinase, I B kinase complex (IKK), and the p65 subunit of NF- B. Such TNFinduced NF- B-regulated gene products involved in cellular proliferation [cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), cyclin D1, and c-myc], antiapoptosis [inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP)1, IAP2, X-chromosome-linked IAP, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bfl-1/A1, TNF receptor-associated factor 1, and cellular Fas-associated death domain protein-like interleukin-1 -converting enzyme inhibitory protein-like inhibitory protein], and metastasis (vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1) were also down-regulated by curcumin. COX-2 promoter activity induced by TNF was abrogated by curcumin. We found that curcumin suppressed TNFinduced nuclear translocation of p65, which corresponded with the sequential suppression of I B  kinase activity, I B  phosphorylation, I B  degradation, p65 phosphorylation, p65 nuclear translocation, and p65 acetylation. Curcumin also inhibited TNF-induced Akt activation and its association with IKK. Glutathione and dithiothreitol reversed the effect of curcumin on TNF-induced NF- B activation. Overall, our results indicated that curcumin inhibits NF- B activation and NF- B-regulated gene expression through inhibition of IKK and Akt activation.&lt;br /&gt;
  2099. &lt;br /&gt;
  2100. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2101. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  2102. &lt;br /&gt;
  2103. &lt;b&gt;Chemopreventive activity of turmeric essential oil and possible mechanisms of action.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2104. &lt;div&gt;
  2105. &lt;br /&gt;
  2106. Liju VB, Jeena K, Kuttan R.&lt;/div&gt;
  2107. &lt;br /&gt;
  2108. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (2014): 15(16); 6575-6580.&lt;br /&gt;
  2109. &lt;br /&gt;
  2110. &lt;b&gt;Abstract:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;This study aimed to evaluate the antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity of turmeric essential oil as well as to establish biochemical mechanisms of action. Antimutagenicity testing was accomplished using strains and known mutagens with and without microsomal activation. Anticarcinogenic activity was assessed by topical application of 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as initiator and 1% croton oil as promoter for the induction of skin papillomas in mice. Inhibition of p450 enzymes by TEO was studied using various resorufins and aminopyrene as substrate. Turmeric essential oil (TEO) showed significant antimutagenic activity (p&amp;lt;0.001) against direct acting mutagens such as sodium azide (NaN3), 4-nitro-O-phenylenediamine (NPD) and N-methyl- N-nitro N&#39;nitrosoguanine (MNNG). TEO was found to have significant antimutagenic effect (&amp;gt;90%) against mutagen needing metabolic activation such as 2-acetamidoflourene (2-AAF). The study also revealed that TEO significantly inhibited (p&amp;lt;0.001) the mutagenicity induced by tobacco extract to Salmonella TA 102 strain. DMBA and croton oil induced papilloma development in mice was found to be delayed and prevented significantly by TEO application. Moreover TEO significantly (P&amp;lt;0.001) inhibited isoforms of cytochrome p450 (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B1/2, CYP2A, CYP2B and CYP3A) enzymes in vitro, which are involved in the activation of carcinogens. Results indicated that TEO is antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic and inhibition of enzymes (p450) involved in the activation of carcinogen is one of its mechanisms of action.&lt;br /&gt;
  2111. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2112. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  2113. &lt;br /&gt;
  2114. &lt;b&gt;Turmeric (&lt;i&gt;Curcuma longa&lt;/i&gt;) inhibits inflammatory nuclear factor (NF)-κB and NF-κB-regulated gene products and induces death receptors leading to suppressed proliferation, induced chemosensitization, and suppressed osteoclastogenesis&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2115. &lt;div&gt;
  2116. &lt;br /&gt;
  2117. Ji H. Kim, Subash C. Gupta, Byoungduck Park, Vivek R. Yadav, and Bharat B. Aggarwal&lt;/div&gt;
  2118. &lt;br /&gt;
  2119. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Molecular Nutrition &amp;amp; Food Research&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (2012, Mar): 56(3); 454–465.&amp;nbsp;Published online 2011 Dec 7. DOI:  10.1002/mnfr.201100270&lt;br /&gt;
  2120. &lt;br /&gt;
  2121. &lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2122. &lt;br /&gt;
  2123. &lt;b&gt;Scope:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;The incidence of cancer is significantly lower in regions where turmeric is heavily consumed. Whether lower cancer incidence is due to turmeric was investigated by examining its effects on tumor cell proliferation, on pro-inflammatory transcription factors NF-κB and STAT3, and on associated gene products.&lt;br /&gt;
  2124. &lt;br /&gt;
  2125. &lt;b&gt;Methods and results:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Cell proliferation and cell cytotoxicity were measured by the MTT method, NF-κB activity by EMSA, protein expression by Western blot analysis, ROS generation by FACS analysis, and osteoclastogenesis by TRAP assay. Turmeric inhibited NF-κB activation and down-regulated NF-κB-regulated gene products linked to survival (Bcl-2, cFLIP, XIAP, and cIAP1), proliferation (cyclin D1 and c-Myc), and metastasis (CXCR4) of cancer cells. The spice suppressed the activation of STAT3, and induced the death receptors (DR)4 and DR5. Turmeric enhanced the production of ROS, and suppressed the growth of tumor cell lines. Furthermore, turmeric sensitized the tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents capecitabine and taxol. Turmeric was found to be more potent than pure curcumin for cell growth inhibition. Turmeric also inhibited NF-κB activation induced by RANKL that correlated with the suppression of osteoclastogenesis.&lt;br /&gt;
  2126. &lt;br /&gt;
  2127. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Our results indicate that turmeric can effectively block the proliferation of tumor cells through the suppression of NF-κB and STAT3 pathways.&lt;br /&gt;
  2128. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2129. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  2130. &lt;br /&gt;
  2131. &lt;b&gt;Bioactivity of Turmeric-Derived Curcuminoids and Related Metabolites in Breast Cancer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2132. &lt;div&gt;
  2133. &lt;br /&gt;
  2134. Laura E. Wright,&amp;nbsp;Jen B. Frye,&amp;nbsp;Bhavana Gorti,&amp;nbsp;Barbara N. Timmermann, and Janet L. Funk&lt;/div&gt;
  2135. &lt;br /&gt;
  2136. &lt;span class=&quot;cit&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Current Pharmaceutical Design&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (2013): 19(34); 6218–6225.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2137. &lt;span class=&quot;cit&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2138. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;b&gt;Abstract:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;While the chemotherapeutic effect of curcumin, one of three major curcuminoids derived from turmeric, has been reported, largely unexplored are the effects of complex turmeric extracts more analogous to traditional medicinal preparations, as well as the relative importance of the three curcuminoids and their metabolites as anti-cancer agents. These studies document the pharmacodynamic effects of chemically-complex turmeric extracts relative to curcuminoids on human breast cancer cell growth and tumor cell secretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), an important driver of cancer bone metastasis. Finally, relative effects of structurally-related metabolites of curcuminoids were assessed on the same endpoints. We report that 3 curcuminoid-containing turmeric extracts differing with respect to the inclusion of additional naturally occurring chemicals (essential oils and/or polar compounds) were equipotent in inhibiting human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell growth (IC50=10–16μg/mL) and secretion of osteolytic PTHrP (IC50=2–3μg/mL) when concentrations were normalized to curcuminoid content. Moreover, these effects were curcuminoid-specific, as botanically-related gingerol containing extracts had no effect. While curcumin and bis-demethoxycurcumin were equipotent to each other and to the naturally occurring curcuminoid mixture (IC50=58 μM), demethoxycurcumin was without effect on cell growth. However, each of the individual curcuminoids inhibited PTHrP secretion (IC50=22–31μM) to the same degree as the curcuminoid mixture (IC50=16 μM). Degradative curcuminoid metabolites (vanillin and ferulic acid) did not inhibit cell growth or PTHrP, while reduced metabolites (tetrahydrocurcuminoids) had inhibitory effects on cell growth and PTHrP secretion but only at concentrations ≥10-fold higher than the curcuminoids. These studies emphasize the structural and biological importance of curcuminoids in the anti-breast cancer effects of turmeric and contradict recent assertions that certain of the curcuminoid metabolites studied here mediate these anti-cancer effects.&lt;br /&gt;
  2139. &lt;br /&gt;
  2140. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2141. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  2142. &lt;br /&gt;
  2143. &lt;b&gt;Curcumin Inhibition of Integrin (α6β4)-Dependent Breast Cancer Cell Motility and Invasion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2144. &lt;br /&gt;
  2145. Hong Im Kim, Huang Huang, Satish Cheepala, Shile Huang, and Jun Chung&lt;br /&gt;
  2146. &lt;br /&gt;
  2147. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Cancer Prevention Research&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (2008); 1: 385-391. Published online October 6, 2008. DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-08-0087&lt;br /&gt;
  2148. &lt;br /&gt;
  2149. &lt;div&gt;
  2150. &lt;b&gt;Abstract: &lt;/b&gt;Curcumin, a polyphenol natural product isolated from the rhizome of the plant &lt;i&gt;Curcuma longa&lt;/i&gt;, has emerged as a promising anticancer therapeutic agent. However, the mechanism by which curcumin inhibits cancer cell functions such as cell growth, survival, and cell motility is largely unknown. We explored whether curcumin affects the function of integrin α6β4, a laminin adhesion receptor with an established role in invasion and migration of cancer cells. Here we show that curcumin significantly reduced α6β4-dependent breast cancer cell motility and invasion in a concentration-dependent manner without affecting apoptosis in MDA-MB-435/β4 (β4-integrin transfectants) and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Further, curcumin selectively reduced the basal phosphorylation of β4 integrin (Y1494), which has been reported to be essential in mediating α6β4-dependent phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation and cell motility. Consistent with this finding, curcumin also blocked α6β4-dependent Akt activation and expression of the cell motility–promoting factor ENPP2 in MDA-MB-435/β4 cell line. A multimodality approach using curcumin in combination with other pharmacologic inhibitors of α6β4 signaling pathways showed an additive effect to block breast cancer cell motility and invasion. Taken together, these findings show that curcumin inhibits breast cancer cell motility and invasion by directly inhibiting the function of α6β4 integrin, and suggest that curcumin can serve as an effective therapeutic agent in tumors that over-express α6β4.&lt;/div&gt;
  2151. &lt;br /&gt;
  2152. [&lt;b&gt;NOTE:&lt;/b&gt; This specific integrin is what the CressLab at the University of Arizona Comprehensive Cancer Center has been working on for the last 30 years in relation to prostate cancer. All integrins are comprised of an alpha unit and a beta unit, making 24 known combinations in humans. Integrins function as&amp;nbsp;transmembrane receptors that are the bridges for cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. The α3, α6, and α7 subunits are laminin-binding integrins, which pair with either β1 or β4 to form heterodimers. The β4 subunit is unique in that it only pairs with the α6 subunit, but has recently been shown to have 5 variations: β4A. β4B, β4C (the &quot;normal form&quot; of β4, and the most widely studied), β4D, and β4E (a vary unique an relatively unknown form only recently investigated at the CressLab.]&lt;br /&gt;
  2153. &lt;br /&gt;
  2154. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2155. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  2156. &lt;br /&gt;
  2157. &lt;b&gt;Curcumin Combined with Turmerones, Essential Oil Components of Turmeric, Abolishes Inflammation-Associated Mouse Colon Carcinogenesis&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2158. &lt;br /&gt;
  2159. Akira Murakami, Ikuyo Furukawa, Shingo Miyamoto, Takuji Tanaka, and Hajime Ohigash&lt;br /&gt;
  2160. &lt;br /&gt;
  2161. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;BioFactors&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (2013, MAr/Apr): 39(2); 221–232.&amp;nbsp;DOI: 10.1002/biof.1054&lt;br /&gt;
  2162. &lt;br /&gt;
  2163. &lt;b&gt;Abstract: &lt;/b&gt;Curcumin (CUR), a yellow pigment in turmeric, has marked potential for preventing colon cancer. We recently reported that ar-turmerone (ATM) suppressed nitric oxide (NO) generation in macrophages. In the present study, we explored the molecular mechanisms by which ATM attenuates NO generation and examined the anti-carcinogenesis activity of turmerones (TUR, a mixture of 5 sesquiterpenes including ATM). Both CUR and ATM inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of inducible forms of both nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase (iNOS and COX-2, respectively). A chase experiment using actinomycin D revealed that ATM accelerated the decay of iNOS and COX-2 mRNA, suggesting a post-transcriptional mechanism. ATM prevented LPS-induced translocation of HuR, an AU-rich element-binding protein that determines mRNA stability of certain inflammatory genes. In a colitis model, oral administration of TUR significantly suppressed 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced shortening of the large bowel by 52–58%. We also evaluated the chemopreventive effects of oral feeding of TUR, CUR, and their combinations using a model of dimethylhydradine-initiated and DSS-promoted mouse colon carcinogenesis. At the low dose, TUR markedly suppressed adenoma multiplicity by 73%, while CUR at both doses suppressed adenocarcinoma multiplicity by 63–69%. Interestingly, the combination of CUR and TUR at both low and high doses abolished tumor formation. Collectively, our results led to our hypothesis that TUR is a novel candidate for colon cancer prevention. Furthermore, we consider that its use in combination with CUR may become a powerful method for prevention of inflammation-associated colon carcinogenesis.&lt;br /&gt;
  2164. &lt;br /&gt;
  2165. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2166. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  2167. &lt;br /&gt;
  2168. &lt;b&gt;4. TURMERIC/CURCUMIN and PROSTATE CANCER&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2169. &lt;br /&gt;
  2170. &lt;b&gt;Chemopreventive potential of curcumin in prostate cancer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2171. &lt;br /&gt;
  2172. Marie-Helene Teiten, Francois Gaascht, Serge Eifes, Mario Dicato, Marc Diederich&lt;br /&gt;
  2173. &lt;br /&gt;
  2174. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Genes &amp;amp; Nutrition&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (2010); 5(1): 61–74. DOI 10.1007/s12263-009-0152-3&lt;br /&gt;
  2175. &lt;br /&gt;
  2176. &lt;b&gt;Abstract:&lt;/b&gt; The long latency and high incidence of prostate carcinogenesis provides the opportunity to intervene with chemoprevention in order to prevent or eradicate prostate malignancies. We present here an overview of the chemopreventive potential of curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a well-known natural compound that exhibits therapeutic promise for prostate cancer. In fact, it interferes with prostate cancer proliferation and metastasis development through the down-regulation of androgen receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor, but also through the induction of cell cycle arrest. It regulates the inflammatory response through the inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators and the NF-jB signaling pathway. These results are consistent with this compound’s ability to up-induce pro-apoptotic proteins and to down-regulate the anti-apoptotic counterparts. Alone or in combination with TRAIL-mediated immunotherapy or radiotherapy, curcumin is also reported to be a good inducer of prostate cancer cell death by apoptosis. Curcumin appears thus as a non-toxic alternative for prostate cancer prevention, treatment or co-treatment.&lt;br /&gt;
  2177. &lt;br /&gt;
  2178. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2179. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  2180. &lt;br /&gt;
  2181. &lt;b&gt;Curcumin Attenuates&amp;nbsp;β-catenin Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells through Activation of Protein Kinase&amp;nbsp;D1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2182. &lt;br /&gt;
  2183. Vasudha Sundram, Subhash C. Chauhan, Mara Ebeling, Meena Jaggi&lt;br /&gt;
  2184. &lt;br /&gt;
  2185. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;PLoS ONE&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (2012, Apr): 7(4); e35368. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035368&lt;br /&gt;
  2186. &lt;br /&gt;
  2187. &lt;b&gt;Abstract:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer affecting 1 in 6 males in the US. Understanding the molecular basis of prostate cancer progression can serve as a tool for early diagnosis and development of novel treatment strategies for this disease. Protein Kinase D1 (PKD1) is a multifunctional kinase that is highly expressed in normal prostate. The decreased expression of PKD1 has been associated with the progression of prostate cancer. Therefore, synthetic or natural products that regulate this signaling pathway can serve as novel therapeutic modalities for prostate cancer prevention and treatment. Curcumin, the active ingredient of turmeric, has shown anti-cancer properties via modulation of a number of different molecular pathways. Herein, we have demonstrated that curcumin activates PKD1, resulting in changes in&amp;nbsp;β-catenin signaling by inhibiting&amp;nbsp;nuclear&amp;nbsp;β-catenin transcription activity and enhancing the levels of membrane&amp;nbsp;β-catenin in&amp;nbsp;prostate&amp;nbsp;cancer cells. Modulation of these cellular events by curcumin correlated with decreased cell proliferation, colony formation and cell motility and enhanced cell-cell aggregation in prostate cancer cells. In addition, we have also revealed that inhibition of cell motility by curcumin is mediated by decreasing the levels of active cofilin, a downstream target of PKD1. The potent anti-cancer effects of curcumin &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; were also reflected in a prostate cancer xenograft mouse model. The &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; inhibition of tumor growth also correlated with enhanced membrane localization of&amp;nbsp;β-catenin. Overall, our findings herein have revealed a novel molecular mechanism of curcumin action via the activation of PKD1 in prostate cancer cells.&lt;br /&gt;
  2188. &lt;br /&gt;
  2189. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2190. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  2191. &lt;br /&gt;
  2192. &lt;b&gt;Therapeutic potential of curcumin in human prostate cancer--I: Curcumin induces apoptosis in both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent prostate cancer cells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2193. &lt;br /&gt;
  2194. T Dorai, N Gehani &amp;amp; A Katz&lt;br /&gt;
  2195. &lt;br /&gt;
  2196. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (2000): 3(2); 84-93.&amp;nbsp;DOI: 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500399&lt;br /&gt;
  2197. &lt;br /&gt;
  2198. In an effort to find an alternative nontoxic means of inducing the apoptosis potential in both androgen-dependent and hormone refractory prostate cancer cells, attention was focused on curcumin (turmeric), traditionally used in medicine and cuisine in India and other south-east Asian countries. The results indicate that curcumin is a novel and potent inducer of apoptosis in both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. This was accomplished by down-regulating apoptosis suppressor proteins and other crucial proteins such as the androgen receptor. It is concluded that curcumin may provide an alternative, nontoxic modality by which the clinician may prevent the progression of prostate cancer to its hormone refractory state or to treat advanced prostate cancer by forcing them to undergo apoptosis.&lt;br /&gt;
  2199. &lt;br /&gt;
  2200. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2201. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  2202. &lt;br /&gt;
  2203. &lt;b&gt;Curcumin inhibits prostate cancer metastasis in vivo by targeting the inflammatory cytokines CXCL1 and -2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2204. &lt;br /&gt;
  2205. Peter H. Killian, Emanuel Kronski, Katharina M. Michalik, Ottavia Barbieri, Simonetta Astigiano,&lt;br /&gt;
  2206. Christian P. Sommerhoff, Ulrich Pfeffer, Andreas G. Nerlich, and Beatrice E. Bachmeier&lt;br /&gt;
  2207. &lt;br /&gt;
  2208. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Carcinogenesis&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (2012): 33(12); 2507-2519. DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs312&lt;br /&gt;
  2209. In America and Western Europe, prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death in men. Emerging evidence suggests that chronic inflammation is a major risk factor for the development and metastatic progression of prostate cancer. We previously reported that the chemopreventive polyphenol curcumin inhibits the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines CXCL1 and -2 leading to diminished formation of breast cancer metastases. In this study, we analyze the effects of curcumin on prostate carcinoma growth, apoptosis and metastasis. We show that curcumin inhibits translocation of NFκB to the nucleus through the inhibition of the IκB-kinase (IKKβ, leading to stabilization of the inhibitor of NFκB, IκBα, in PC-3 prostate carcinoma cells. Inhibition of NFκB activity reduces expression of CXCL1 and -2 and abolishes the autocrine/paracrine loop that links the two chemokines to NFκB. The combination of curcumin with the synthetic IKKβ inhibitor, SC-541, shows no additive or synergistic effects indicating that the two compounds share the target. Treatment of the cells with curcumin and siRNA-based knockdown of CXCL1 and -2 induce apoptosis, inhibit proliferation and down regulate several important metastasis-promoting factors like COX2, SPARC and EFEMP. In an orthotopic mouse model of hematogenous metastasis, treatment with curcumin inhibits statistically significantly formation of lung metastases. In conclusion, chronic inflammation can induce a metastasis prone phenotype in prostate cancer cells by maintaining a positive proinflammatory and prometastatic feedback loop between NFκB and CXCL1/-2. Curcumin disrupts this feedback loop by the inhibition of NFκB signaling leading to reduced metastasis formation in vivo.&lt;br /&gt;
  2210. &lt;br /&gt;
  2211. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2212. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  2213. &lt;br /&gt;
  2214. &lt;b&gt;The effects of curcumin on the invasiveness of prostate cancer &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2215. &lt;br /&gt;
  2216. JH Hong, KS Ahn, E Bae, SS Jeon, and HY Choi&lt;br /&gt;
  2217. &lt;br /&gt;
  2218. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (2006): 9(2): 147–152. DOI: 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500856&lt;br /&gt;
  2219. &lt;br /&gt;
  2220. &lt;b&gt;Abstract:&lt;/b&gt; Curcumin has become a focus of interest with regard to its antitumor effects in prostate cancer; however, the effects of this agent on invasion and metastasis remain less well understood. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important prerequisite for tumor invasion and metastasis. In this study, we evaluated the effects of curcumin on prostate cancer cells (DU-145) invasion in both in vitro and in vivo. We utilized zymography and ELISA in order to determine the MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. Matrigel invasion assay was performed to assess cellular invasion. We developed a xenograft model to examine tumorigenicity. Curcumin treatment resulted not only in a significant reduction in the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, but also effected the inhibition of invasive ability in vitro. Curcumin was shown to induce a marked reduction of tumor volume, MMP-2, and MMP-9 activity in the tumor-bearing site. The metastatic nodules in vivo were significantly fewer in the curcumin treated group than untreated group. Curcumin appears to constitute a potential agent for the prevention of cancer progression, or at least of the initial phase of metastasis, in prostate cancer.&lt;br /&gt;
  2221. &lt;br /&gt;
  2222. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2223. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  2224. &lt;br /&gt;
  2225. &lt;b&gt;Curcumin Inhibition of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;Functional&amp;nbsp;Interaction between&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;Integrin&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;α6β4&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;and the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2226. &lt;br /&gt;
  2227. Young Hwa Soung and Jun Chung&lt;br /&gt;
  2228. &lt;br /&gt;
  2229. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Molecular Cancer Therapeuitics&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (2011): 10(5): 883-891. Published Online First March 9, 2011. DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-10-1053&lt;br /&gt;
  2230. &lt;br /&gt;
  2231. &lt;b&gt;Abstract:&lt;/b&gt; The functional interaction between integrin&amp;nbsp;α6β4&amp;nbsp;and growth factor receptors has been&amp;nbsp;implicated in key signaling pathways important for cancer cell function. However, few attempts have been made to selectively target this interaction for therapeutic intervention. Previous studies showed that curcumin, a yellow pigment isolated from turmeric, inhibits integrin&amp;nbsp;α6β4&amp;nbsp;signaling important for breast carcinoma cell motility and invasion, but the mechanism is not currently known. To address this issue, we tested the hypothesis that curcumin inhibits the functional interaction between&amp;nbsp;α6β4&amp;nbsp;and the epidermal growth factor receptor&amp;nbsp;(EGFR). In this study, we found that curcumin disrupts functional and physical interactions between&amp;nbsp;α6β4&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;EGFR, and blocks a6b4/EGFR-dependent functions of carcinoma cells expressing the signaling competent form of a6b4. We further showed that curcumin inhibits EGF-dependent mobilization of α6β4 from hemidesmosomes to the leading edges of migrating cells such as lammelipodia and filopodia, and thereby prevents&amp;nbsp;α6β4 distribution to lipid rafts where functional interactions between&amp;nbsp;α6β4&amp;nbsp;and EGFR occur. These data suggest&amp;nbsp;a novel paradigm in which curcumin inhibits&amp;nbsp;α6β4&amp;nbsp;signaling and functions by altering intracellular&amp;nbsp;localization of&amp;nbsp;α6β4, thus preventing its association with signaling receptors such as EGFR.&lt;br /&gt;
  2232. &lt;br /&gt;
  2233. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2234. ######&lt;/div&gt;
  2235. &lt;br /&gt;
  2236. &lt;b&gt;5. CURCUMIN FOR NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2237. &lt;br /&gt;
  2238. Probably the second largest research investment in turmeric/curcumin has been in the field of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer&#39;s disease, Parkinson&#39;s disease, Huntington’s disease, and others.&lt;br /&gt;
  2239. &lt;br /&gt;
  2240. &lt;b&gt;Potential Therapeutic Effects of Curcumin, the Anti-inflammatory Agent, Against Neurodegenerative, Cardiovascular, Pulmonary, Metabolic, Autoimmune and Neoplastic Diseases&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2241. &lt;br /&gt;
  2242. Bharat B. Aggarwal&amp;nbsp;and Kuzhuvelil B. Harikumar&lt;br /&gt;
  2243. &lt;div&gt;
  2244. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2245. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;International Journal of Biochemistry &amp;amp; Cell Biology&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; (2009): 41(1); 40–59. Published online 2008 Jul 9. DOI:  10.1016/j.biocel.2008.06.010&lt;br /&gt;
  2246. &lt;div&gt;
  2247. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2248. &lt;div&gt;
  2249. &lt;b&gt;Abstract:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;Although safe in most cases, ancient treatments are ignored because neither their active component nor their molecular targets are well defined. This is not the case, however, with curcumin, a yellow-pigment substance and component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), which was identified more than a century ago. For centuries it has been known that turmeric exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, but extensive research performed within the past two decades has shown that this activity of turmeric is due to curcumin (diferuloylmethane). This agent has been shown to regulate numerous transcription factors, cytokines, protein kinases, adhesion molecules, redox status and enzymes that have been linked to inflammation. The process of inflammation has been shown to play a major role in most chronic illnesses, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. In the current review, we provide evidence for the potential role of curcumin in the prevention and treatment of various proinflammatory chronic diseases. These features, combined with the pharmacological safety and negligible cost, render curcumin an attractive agent to explore further.&lt;/div&gt;
  2250. &lt;div&gt;
  2251. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2252. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2253. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  2254. &lt;div&gt;
  2255. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2256. &lt;div&gt;
  2257. &lt;b&gt;The effect of curcumin (turmeric) on Alzheimer&#39;s disease: An overview&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2258. &lt;div&gt;
  2259. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2260. &lt;div&gt;
  2261. Shrikant Mishra and Kalpana Palanivelu&lt;/div&gt;
  2262. &lt;div&gt;
  2263. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2264. &lt;div&gt;
  2265. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Annals of Indian Academic Neurology&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (2008, Jan-Mar): 11(1); 13–19. DOI:  10.4103/0972-2327.40220&lt;/div&gt;
  2266. &lt;div&gt;
  2267. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2268. &lt;div&gt;
  2269. &lt;b&gt;Abstract:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;This paper discusses the effects of curcumin on patients with Alzheimer&#39;s disease (AD). Curcumin (Turmeric), an ancient Indian herb used in curry powder, has been extensively studied in modern medicine and Indian systems of medicine for the treatment of various medical conditions, including cystic fibrosis, haemorrhoids, gastric ulcer, colon cancer, breast cancer, atherosclerosis, liver diseases and arthritis. It has been used in various types of treatments for dementia and traumatic brain injury. Curcumin also has a potential role in the prevention and treatment of AD. Curcumin as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and lipophilic action improves the cognitive functions in patients with AD. A growing body of evidence indicates that oxidative stress, free radicals, beta amyloid, cerebral deregulation caused by bio-metal toxicity and abnormal inflammatory reactions contribute to the key event in Alzheimer&#39;s disease pathology. Due to various effects of curcumin, such as decreased Beta-amyloid plaques, delayed degradation of neurons, metal-chelation, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and decreased microglia formation, the overall memory in patients with AD has improved. This paper reviews the various mechanisms of actions of curcumin in AD and pathology.&lt;br /&gt;
  2270. &lt;br /&gt;
  2271. &lt;div&gt;
  2272. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2273. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  2274. &lt;br /&gt;
  2275. &lt;b&gt;Effects of turmeric on Alzheimer&#39;s disease with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia&lt;br /&gt;
  2276. &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2277. &lt;div&gt;
  2278. Nozomi Hishikawa, Yoriko Takahashi, Yoshinobu Amakusa, Yuhei Tanno, Yoshitake Tuji and&amp;nbsp;Hisayoshi Niwa&lt;/div&gt;
  2279. &lt;br /&gt;
  2280. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;AYU (An International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda)&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/i&gt;(2012, Oct/Nov):&amp;nbsp;33(4); 499-.&lt;br /&gt;
  2281. &lt;b&gt;Abstract:&lt;/b&gt; We describe here three patients with the Alzheimer&#39;s Disease (AD) whose behavioral symptoms were improved remarkably as a result of the turmeric treatment, which is the traditional Indian medicine. Their cognitive decline and Behavioral and &lt;a href=&quot;http://go.galegroup.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/ps/i.do?p=AONE&amp;amp;u=uarizona_main&amp;amp;id=GALE|A327923116&amp;amp;v=2.1&amp;amp;it=r&amp;amp;sid=summon&amp;amp;userGroup=uarizona_main&amp;amp;authCount=1#&quot;&gt;Psychological Symptoms&lt;/a&gt; of &lt;a href=&quot;http://go.galegroup.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/ps/i.do?p=AONE&amp;amp;u=uarizona_main&amp;amp;id=GALE|A327923116&amp;amp;v=2.1&amp;amp;it=r&amp;amp;sid=summon&amp;amp;userGroup=uarizona_main&amp;amp;authCount=1#&quot;&gt;Dementia&lt;/a&gt;(BPSD) were very severe. All three patients exhibited irritability, agitation, anxiety, and apathy, two patients suffer from &lt;a href=&quot;http://go.galegroup.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/ps/i.do?p=AONE&amp;amp;u=uarizona_main&amp;amp;id=GALE|A327923116&amp;amp;v=2.1&amp;amp;it=r&amp;amp;sid=summon&amp;amp;userGroup=uarizona_main&amp;amp;authCount=1#&quot;&gt;urinary incontinence&lt;/a&gt; and wonderings. They were prescribed turmeric powder capsules and started recovering from these symptoms without any adverse reaction in the clinical symptom and laboratory data. After 12 weeks of the treatment, total score of the Neuro-Psychiatric Inventory-brief questionnaire decreased significantly in both acuity of symptoms and burden of caregivers. In one case, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score was up five points, from 12/30 to 17/30. In the other two cases, no significant change was seen in the MMSE; however, they came to recognize their family within 1 year treatment. All cases have been taking turmeric for more than 1 year, re-exacerbation of BPSD was not seen. The present cases suggest a significant improvement of the behavioral symptoms in the AD with the turmeric treatment, leading to probable benefit of the use of turmeric in individuals with the AD with BPSD.&lt;/div&gt;
  2282. &lt;/div&gt;
  2283. &lt;br /&gt;
  2284. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2285. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  2286. &lt;br /&gt;
  2287. &lt;b&gt;The Curry Spice Curcumin Reduces Oxidative Damage and Amyloid Pathology in an Alzheimer Transgenic Mouse&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2288. &lt;br /&gt;
  2289. Giselle P. Lim,&amp;nbsp;Teresa Chu,&amp;nbsp;Fusheng Yang,&amp;nbsp;Walter Beech,&amp;nbsp;Sally A. Frautschy, and&amp;nbsp;Greg M. Cole&lt;br /&gt;
  2290. &lt;div&gt;
  2291. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2292. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;The Journal of Neuroscience&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (2001, Nov): 21(21); 8370-8377.&lt;br /&gt;
  2293. &lt;br /&gt;
  2294. &lt;b&gt;Abstract:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Inflammation in Alzheimer&#39;s disease (AD) patients is characterized by increased cytokines and activated microglia. Epidemiological studies suggest reduced AD risk associates with long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Whereas chronic ibuprofen suppressed inflammation and plaque-related pathology in an Alzheimer transgenic APPSw mouse model (Tg2576), excessive use of NSAIDs targeting cyclooxygenase I can cause gastrointestinal, liver, and renal toxicity. One alternative NSAID is curcumin, derived from the curry spice turmeric. Curcumin has an extensive history as a food additive and herbal medicine in India and is also a potent polyphenolic antioxidant. To evaluate whether it could affect Alzheimer-like pathology in the APPSw mice, we tested a low (160 ppm) and a high dose of dietary curcumin (5000 ppm) on inflammation, oxidative damage, and plaque pathology. Low and high doses of curcumin significantly lowered oxidized proteins and interleukin-1β, a proinflammatory cytokine elevated in the brains of these mice. With low-dose but not high-dose curcumin treatment, the astrocytic marker GFAP was reduced, and insoluble β-amyloid (Aβ), soluble Aβ, and plaque burden were significantly decreased by 43–50%. However, levels of amyloid precursor (APP) in the membrane fraction were not reduced. Microgliosis was also suppressed in neuronal layers but not adjacent to plaques. In view of its efficacy and apparent low toxicity, this Indian spice component shows promise for the prevention of Alzheimer&#39;s disease.&lt;br /&gt;
  2295. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2296. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  2297. &lt;br /&gt;
  2298. &lt;b&gt;Curcumin and neurodegenerative diseases: A perspective&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2299. &lt;div&gt;
  2300. &lt;br /&gt;
  2301. Darvesh AS, Carroll RT, Bishayee A, Novotny NA, Geldenhuys WJ, Van der Schyf CJ&lt;/div&gt;
  2302. &lt;br /&gt;
  2303. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;(2012, Aug): 21(8); 1123-40. DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2012.693479&lt;br /&gt;
  2304. &lt;br /&gt;
  2305. &lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2306. &lt;br /&gt;
  2307. &lt;b&gt;Introduction:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Curcumin, a dietary polyphenol found in the curry spice turmeric, possesses potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and an ability to modulate multiple targets implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic illness. Curcumin has shown therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer&#39;s disease (AD) and Parkinson&#39;s disease (PD).&lt;br /&gt;
  2308. &lt;div&gt;
  2309. &lt;b&gt;Areas Covered:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;This article highlights the background and epidemiological evidence of curcumin&#39;s health benefits and its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile. Curcumin&#39;s ability to counteract oxidative stress and inflammation and its capacity to modulate several molecular targets is reviewed. We highlight the neuroprotective properties of curcumin including pre-clinical evidence for its pharmacological effects in experimental models of AD and PD. The bioavailability and safety of curcumin, the development of semi-synthetic curcuminoids as well as novel formulations of curcumin are addressed.&lt;/div&gt;
  2310. &lt;div&gt;
  2311. &lt;b&gt;Expert Opinion:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;Curcumin possesses therapeutic potential in the amelioration of a host of neurodegenerative ailments as evidenced by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-protein aggregation effects. However, issues such as limited bioavailability and a paucity of clinical studies examining its therapeutic effectiveness in illnesses such as AD and PD currently limit its therapeutic outreach. Considerable effort will be required to adapt curcumin as a neuroprotective agent to be used in the treatment of AD, PD and other neurodegenerative diseases.&lt;/div&gt;
  2312. &lt;br /&gt;
  2313. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2314. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  2315. &lt;br /&gt;
  2316. &lt;b&gt;Curcumin: A potential neuroprotective agent in Parkinson&#39;s disease&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2317. &lt;div&gt;
  2318. &lt;br /&gt;
  2319. Mythri RB &amp;amp;&amp;nbsp;Bharath MM&lt;/div&gt;
  2320. &lt;br /&gt;
  2321. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Current Pharmaceutical Design&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;(2012): 18(1); 91-9.&amp;nbsp;DOI: 10.2174/138161212798918995&lt;br /&gt;
  2322. &lt;b&gt;Abstract:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Parkinson&#39;s disease (PD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disease clinically characterized as a movement disorder. The motor symptoms in PD arise due to selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the ventral midbrain thereby depleting the dopamine levels in the striatum. Most of the current pharmacotherapeutic approaches in PD are aimed at replenishing the striatal dopamine. Although these drugs provide symptomatic relief during early PD, many patients develop motor complications with long-term treatment. Further, PD medications do not effectively tackle tremor, postural instability and cognitive deficits. Most importantly, most of these drugs do not exhibit neuroprotective effects in patients. Consequently, novel therapies involving natural antioxidants and plant products/molecules with neuroprotective properties are being exploited for adjunctive therapy. Curcumin is a polyphenol and an active component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), a dietary spice used in Indian cuisine and medicine. Curcumin exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, crosses the blood-brain barrier and is neuroprotective in neurological disorders. Several studies in different experimental models of PD strongly support the clinical application of curcumin in PD. The current review explores the therapeutic potential of curcumin in PD.&lt;br /&gt;
  2323. &lt;br /&gt;
  2324. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2325. ######&lt;/div&gt;
  2326. &lt;br /&gt;
  2327. &lt;b&gt;6. CURCUMIN/TURMERIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2328. &lt;br /&gt;
  2329. This is one of the newer areas of research into the benefits of curcumin/turmeric. The majority of the studies seem to be focused on its potential as a natural antidepressant.&lt;br /&gt;
  2330. &lt;br /&gt;
  2331. &lt;b&gt;Curcumin reverses impaired hippocampal neurogenesis and increases serotonin receptor 1A mRNA and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in chronically stressed rats&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2332. &lt;div&gt;
  2333. &lt;br /&gt;
  2334. Ying Xu, Baoshan Ku, Li Cui, Xuejun Li, Philip A. Barish, Thomas C. Foster, William O. Ogle&lt;/div&gt;
  2335. &lt;br /&gt;
  2336. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Brain Research&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (2007, Aug):&amp;nbsp;1162(8); 9–18. DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.05.071&lt;br /&gt;
  2337. &lt;b&gt;Abstract:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/science/article/pii/S0006899307012590#200001565&quot;&gt;Curcuma longa&lt;/a&gt; is a major constituent of Xiaoyao-san, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/science/article/pii/S0006899307012590#200018044&quot;&gt;traditional Chinese medicine&lt;/a&gt;, which has been used to effectively manage stress and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/science/article/pii/S0006899307012590#200024338&quot;&gt;depression&lt;/a&gt;-related disorders in China. As the active component of &lt;i&gt;curcuma longa&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/science/article/pii/S0006899307012590#200001358&quot;&gt;curcumin&lt;/a&gt; possesses many therapeutic properties; we have previously described its &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/science/article/pii/S0006899307012590#200003441&quot;&gt;antidepressant&lt;/a&gt; activity in our earlier studies using the chronic unpredictable stress model of depression in rats. Recent studies show that stress-induced damage to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/science/article/pii/S0006899307012590#200003338&quot;&gt;hippocampal&lt;/a&gt; neurons may contribute to the phathophysiology of depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of curcumin on hippocampal &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/science/article/pii/S0006899307012590#200020251&quot;&gt;neurogenesis&lt;/a&gt; in chronically stressed rats. We used an unpredictable chronic stress paradigm (20 days) to determine whether chronic curcumin treatment with the effective doses for behavioral responses (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o.), could alleviate or reverse the effects of stress on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Our results suggested that curcumin administration (10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o.) increased hippocampal neurogenesis in chronically stressed rats, similar to classic antidepressant&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/science/article/pii/S0006899307012590#200001534&quot;&gt;imipramine&lt;/a&gt; treatment (10 mg/kg, i.p.). Our results further demonstrated that these new cells mature and become neurons, as determined by triple labeling for &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/science/article/pii/S0006899307012590#200021457&quot;&gt;BrdU&lt;/a&gt; and neuronal- or glial-specific markers. In addition, curcumin significantly prevented the stress-induced decrease in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/science/article/pii/S0006899307012590#200008660&quot;&gt;5-HT&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/science/article/pii/S0006899307012590#200001805&quot;&gt;1A&lt;/a&gt; mRNA and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/science/article/pii/S0006899307012590#200015788&quot;&gt;BDNF&lt;/a&gt; protein levels in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/science/article/pii/S0006899307012590#200022413&quot;&gt;hippocampal subfields&lt;/a&gt;, two molecules involved in hippocampal neurogenesis. These results raise the possibility that increased cell proliferation and neuronal populations may be a mechanism by which curcumin treatment overcomes the stress-induced behavioral abnormalities and hippocampal neuronal damage. Moreover, curcumin treatment, via&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/science/article/pii/S0006899307012590#200024477&quot;&gt;up-regulation&lt;/a&gt; of 5-HT1A receptors and BDNF, may reverse or protect hippocampal neurons from further damage in response to chronic stress, which may underlie the therapeutic actions of curcumin.&lt;br /&gt;
  2338. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2339. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  2340. &lt;br /&gt;
  2341. &lt;b&gt;Curcumin for the treatment of major depression: A randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled study&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2342. &lt;br /&gt;
  2343. Adrian L Lopresti, Michael Maes, Garth L Maker, Sean D Hood, Peter D Drummond&lt;br /&gt;
  2344. &lt;br /&gt;
  2345. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Journal of Affective Disorders&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;(2014, Jun): 167; 368-375. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.06.001&lt;br /&gt;
  2346. &lt;br /&gt;
  2347. &lt;b&gt;Abstract&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2348. &lt;div&gt;
  2349. &lt;br /&gt;
  2350. &lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Curcumin, the principal curcuminoid derived from the spice turmeric, influences several biological mechanisms associated with major depression, namely those associated with monoaminergic activity, immune-inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity and neuroprogression. We hypothesised that curcumin would be effective for the treatment of depressive symptoms in individuals with major depressive disorder.&lt;br /&gt;
  2351. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;In a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 56 individuals with major depressive disorder were treated with curcumin (500 mg twice daily) or placebo for 8 weeks. The primary measure was the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology self-rated version (IDS-SR30). Secondary outcomes included IDS-SR30 factor scores and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).&lt;br /&gt;
  2352. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;From baseline to week 4, both curcumin and placebo were associated with improvements in IDS-SR30 total score and most secondary outcome measures. From weeks 4 to 8, curcumin was significantly more effective than placebo in improving several mood-related symptoms, demonstrated by a significant group x time interaction for IDS-SR30 total score (F1, 53=4.22, p=.045) and IDS-SR30 mood score (F1, 53=6.51, p=.014), and a non-significant trend for STAI trait score (F1, 48=2.86, p=.097). Greater efficacy from curcumin treatment was identified in a subgroup of individuals with atypical depression.&lt;br /&gt;
  2353. &lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;Partial support is provided for the antidepressant effects of curcumin in people with major depressive disorder, evidenced by benefits occurring 4 to 8 weeks after treatment.&lt;br /&gt;
  2354. &lt;b&gt;Limitations:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Investigations with larger sample sizes, over extended treatment periods, and with varying curcumin dosages are required.&lt;/div&gt;
  2355. &lt;br /&gt;
  2356. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2357. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  2358. &lt;br /&gt;
  2359. &lt;b&gt;Curcumin reverses the effects of chronic stress on behavior, the HPA axis, BDNF expression and phosphorylation of CREB&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2360. &lt;br /&gt;
  2361. Ying Xu, Baoshan Ku, Lu Tie, Haiyan Yao, Wengao Jiang, Xing Ma, Xuejun Li&lt;br /&gt;
  2362. &lt;br /&gt;
  2363. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Brain Research&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (2006, Nov): 1122(1); 56–64. DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.09.009&lt;br /&gt;
  2364. &lt;br /&gt;
  2365. &lt;b&gt;Abstract: &lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Curcuma longa&lt;/i&gt; is a major constituent of the traditional Chinese medicine Xiaoyao-san, which has been used to effectively manage stress and depression-related disorders in China. Curcumin is the active component of &lt;i&gt;curcuma longa&lt;/i&gt;, and its antidepressant effects were described in our prior studies in mouse models of behavioral despair. We hypothesized that curcumin may also alleviate stress-induced depressive-like behaviors and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction. Thus in present study we assessed whether curcumin treatment (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) affects behavior in a chronic unpredictable stress model of depression in rats and examined what its molecular targets may be. We found that subjecting animals to the chronic stress protocol for 20 days resulted in performance deficits in the shuttle-box task and several physiological effects, such as an abnormal adrenal gland weight to body weight (AG/B) ratio and increased thickness of the adrenal cortex as well as elevated serum corticosterone levels and reduced glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA expression. These changes were reversed by chronic curcumin administration (5 or 10 mg/kg, p.o.). In addition, we also found that the chronic stress procedure induced a down-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein levels and reduced the ratio of phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) to CREB levels (pCREB/CREB) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of stressed rats. Furthermore, these stress-induced decreases in BDNF and pCREB/CREB were also blocked by chronic curcumin administration (5 or 10 mg/kg, p.o.). These results provide compelling evidence that the behavioral effects of curcumin in chronically stressed animals, and by extension humans, may be related to their modulating effects on the HPA axis and neurotrophin factor expressions.&lt;br /&gt;
  2366. &lt;br /&gt;
  2367. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2368. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  2369. &lt;br /&gt;
  2370. &lt;b&gt;Is there a role for curcumin in the treatment of bipolar disorder?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2371. &lt;br /&gt;
  2372. &lt;div&gt;
  2373. Elisa Brietzke,&amp;nbsp;Rodrigo B. Mansur, Andre Zugman, André F. Carvalho, Danielle S. Macêdo,&amp;nbsp;Danielle S. Cha, Vanessa C. Abílio, and&amp;nbsp;Roger S. McIntyre&lt;/div&gt;
  2374. &lt;br /&gt;
  2375. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Medical Hypotheses&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (2013, May):&amp;nbsp;80(5);&amp;nbsp;606–612.&amp;nbsp;DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.02.001&lt;br /&gt;
  2376. &lt;b&gt;Abstract:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Curcumin is a polyphenolic nonflavonoid compound extracted from the rhizome of turmeric (&lt;i&gt;Curcuma longa&lt;/i&gt;), a plant commonly used in Indian and Chinese traditional medicine to treat rheumatism, cough, inflammation and wounds. Curcumin putative targets, known based on studies of diverse central nervous system disorders other than bipolar disorders (BD) include several proteins currently implicated in the pathophysiology of BD. These targets include, but are not limited to, transcription factors activated by environmental stressors and pro-inflammatory cytokines, protein kinases (PKA, PKC), enzymes, growth factors, inflammatory mediators, and anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-XL). Herein, we review previous studies on the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of curcumin and discuss its therapeutic potential in BD.&lt;br /&gt;
  2377. ###&lt;br /&gt;
  2378. &lt;br /&gt;
  2379. &lt;b&gt;An Overview of Curcumin in Neurological Disorders&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2380. &lt;div&gt;
  2381. &lt;br /&gt;
  2382. S. K. Kulkarni&amp;nbsp;and A. Dhir&lt;/div&gt;
  2383. &lt;br /&gt;
  2384. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Indian Journal Pharmaceutical Sciences&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (2010, Mar-Apr); 72(2); 149–154. DOI:  10.4103/0250-474X.65012&lt;br /&gt;
  2385. &lt;b&gt;Abstract:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;Curcumin, the principal curcuminoid found in spice turmeric, has recently been studied for its active role in the treatment of various central nervous system disorders. Curcumin demonstrates neuroprotective action in Alzheimer&#39;s disease, tardive dyskinesia, major depression, epilepsy, and other related neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. The mechanism of its neuroprotective action is not completely understood. However, it has been hypothesized to act majorly through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Also, it is a potent inhibitor of reactive astrocyte expression and thus prevents cell death. Curcumin also modulates various neurotransmitter levels in the brain. The present review attempts to discuss some of the potential protective role of curcumin in animal models of major depression, tardive dyskinesia and diabetic neuropathy. These studies call for well planned clinical studies on curcumin for its potential use in neurological disorders.&lt;br /&gt;
  2386. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2387. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  2388. &lt;br /&gt;
  2389. &lt;b&gt;Multiple antidepressant potential modes of action of curcumin: A review of its anti-inflammatory, monoaminergic, antioxidant, immune-modulating and neuroprotective effects&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2390. &lt;br /&gt;
  2391. Lopresti, A.L., Hood, S.D., and Drummond, P.D.&lt;br /&gt;
  2392. &lt;br /&gt;
  2393. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Journal of Psychopharmacology&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (2012, Dec): 26(12); 1512-1524. DOI: 10.1177/0269881112458732&lt;br /&gt;
  2394. &lt;br /&gt;
  2395. &lt;b&gt;Abstract:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Curcumin is the principal curcuminoid of the popular Indian spice turmeric and has attracted increasing attention for the treatment of a range of conditions. Research into its potential as a treatment for depression is still in its infancy, although several potential antidepressant mechanisms of action have been identified. Research completed to date on the multiple effects of curcumin is reviewed in this paper, with a specific emphasis on the biological systems that are compromised in depression. The antidepressant effects of curcumin in animal models of depression are summarised, and its influence on neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine is detailed. The effects of curcumin in moderating hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal disturbances, lowering inflammation and protecting against oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, neuroprogression and intestinal hyperpermeability, all of which are compromised in major depressive disorder, are also summarised. With increasing interest in natural treatments for depression, and efforts to enhance current treatment outcomes, curcumin is presented as a promising novel, adjunctive or stand-alone natural antidepressant.&lt;br /&gt;
  2396. &lt;br /&gt;
  2397. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2398. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  2399. &lt;br /&gt;
  2400. &lt;b&gt;The CB1 Receptor-Mediated Endocannabinoid Signaling and NGF: The Novel Targets of Curcumin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2401. &lt;/span&gt; Parichehr Hassanzadeh &amp;amp;&amp;nbsp;Anna Hassanzadeh&lt;br /&gt;
  2402. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Neurochemical Research&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (2012, May):&amp;nbsp;37(5); 1112-1120.&amp;nbsp;DOI:&amp;nbsp;10.1007/s11064-012-0716-2&lt;br /&gt;
  2403. &lt;b&gt;Abstract:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Increasing interest has recently been attracted towards the identification of natural compounds including those with antidepressant properties. Curcumin has shown promising antidepressant effect, however, its molecular target(s) have not been well defined. Based on the interaction between the neurotrophins and endocannabinoid system as well as their contribution to the emotional reactivity and antidepressant action, here we show that 4-week treatment with curcumin, similar to the classical antidepressant amitriptyline, results in the sustained elevation of brain nerve growth factor (NGF) and endocannabinoids in dose-dependent and brain region-specific fashion. Pretreatment with cannabinoid CB1 receptor neutral antagonist AM4113, but not the CB2 antagonist SR144528, prevents the enhancement of brain NGF contents. AM4113 exerts no effect by itself. Our findings by presenting the CB1 receptor-mediated endocannabinoid signaling and NGF as novel targets for curcumin, suggest that more attention should be focused on the therapeutic potential of herbal medicines including curcumin.&lt;br /&gt;
  2404. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2405. ###&lt;/div&gt;
  2406. &lt;br /&gt;
  2407. &lt;b&gt;Anti-depressant like effect of curcumin and its combination with piperine in unpredictable chronic stress-induced behavioral, biochemical and neurochemical changes&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2408. &lt;div&gt;
  2409. &lt;br /&gt;
  2410. Mohit Kumar Bhutani, Mahendra Bishnoi, and&amp;nbsp;Shrinivas K. Kulkarni&lt;/div&gt;
  2411. &lt;br /&gt;
  2412. &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (2009, Mar):&amp;nbsp;92(1);&amp;nbsp;39–43. DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2008.10.007&lt;br /&gt;
  2413. &lt;br /&gt;
  2414. &lt;b&gt;Abstract:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/science/article/pii/S009130570800350X#200001358&quot;&gt;Curcumin&lt;/a&gt;, a yellow pigment extracted from rhizomes of the plant &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/science/article/pii/S009130570800350X#200001565&quot;&gt;Curcuma longa&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/science/article/pii/S009130570800350X#200001565&quot;&gt;turmeric&lt;/a&gt;), has been widely used as food additive and also as a herbal medicine throughout Asia. The present study was designed to study the pharmacological, biochemical and neurochemical effects of daily administration of curcumin to rats subjected to chronic unpredictable stress. Curcumin treatment (20 and 40 mg/kg, i.p., 21 days) significantly reversed the chronic unpredictable stress-induced behavioral (increase immobility period), biochemical (increase &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/science/article/pii/S009130570800350X#200012369&quot;&gt;monoamine oxidase&lt;/a&gt; activity) and neurochemical (depletion of brain &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/science/article/pii/S009130570800350X#200011197&quot;&gt;monoamine&lt;/a&gt; levels) alterations. The combination of&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/science/article/pii/S009130570800350X#200007043&quot;&gt;piperine&lt;/a&gt; (2.5 mg/kg, i.p., 21 days), a bioavailability enhancer, with curcumin (20 and 40 mg/kg, i.p., 21 days) showed significant potentiation of its anti-immobility,&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/science/article/pii/S009130570800350X#200013920&quot;&gt;neurotransmitter&lt;/a&gt; enhancing (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/science/article/pii/S009130570800350X#200008660&quot;&gt;serotonin&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/science/article/pii/S009130570800350X#200022997&quot;&gt;dopamine&lt;/a&gt;) and monoamine oxidase inhibitory (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/science/article/pii/S009130570800350X#200012369&quot;&gt;MAO&lt;/a&gt;-A) effects as compared to curcumin effect per se. This study provided a scientific rationale for the use of curcumin and its co-administration with piperine in the treatment of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/science/article/pii/S009130570800350X#200024338&quot;&gt;depressive disorders&lt;/a&gt;</description><link>http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-many-health-benefits-of-turmeric.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (william harryman)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13617569.post-5069266028094874112</guid><pubDate>Mon, 14 Sep 2015 01:29:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2015-09-13T18:29:41.344-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">awareness</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">books</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Loch Kelly</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">meditation</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">open-hearted</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Open-Hearted Awareness</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">pointing out instructions</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Sounds True</category><title>Loch Kelly - Shift into Freedom: The Science and Practice of Open-Hearted Awareness</title><description>&lt;div class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2415. Below is a promo from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.soundstrue.com/&quot;&gt;Sounds True&lt;/a&gt; for the new book from Loch Kelly - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.soundstrue.com/shop/affiliateGateway?siteID=ACBHRMN&amp;amp;url=http://www.soundstrue.com/store/shift-into-freedom.html&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Shift into Freedom: The Science and Practice of Open-Hearted Awareness&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (links to Sounds True page for the book - here is an &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.amazon.com/Shift-into-Freedom-Open-Hearted-Awareness/dp/1622033507/ref=as_sl_pc_ss_til?tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkCode=w01&amp;amp;linkId=S5Y4MO2YHY2Q2U6Z&amp;amp;creativeASIN=1622033507&quot;&gt;Amazon link&lt;/a&gt;). There is also a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.soundstrue.com/shop/affiliateGateway?siteID=ACBHRMN&amp;amp;url=http://www.soundstrue.com/store/shift-into-freedom-1.html&quot;&gt;CD available with 20 of the meditations&lt;/a&gt; from the book (There are CEUs available as well - 3.5). &lt;/div&gt;
  2416. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2417. &lt;div class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2418. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Join this innovative teacher to explore more than 20 meditations including:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2419. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2420. &lt;div class=&quot;WebcopyCxSpMiddle&quot;&gt;
  2421. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;• Awareness Yoga&lt;/b&gt;—a foundational practice in moving awareness&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2422. &lt;div class=&quot;WebcopyCxSpMiddle&quot;&gt;
  2423. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;• Embodied Presence&lt;/b&gt;—a practice for deeply feeling unity and acceptance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2424. &lt;div class=&quot;WebcopyCxSpMiddle&quot;&gt;
  2425. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;• Unhook, Drop, Open, See, Include, Know,  Let Be&lt;/b&gt;—a way to shift levels of mind that culminates in living from  open-hearted awareness &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2426. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2427. &lt;div class=&quot;WebcopyCxSpLast&quot;&gt;
  2428. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;“The goal of these meditations is not to  transcend the human condition,” explains Loch Kelly, “but to discover  how to live a fully intimate human life.” &lt;i&gt;Shift into Freedom&lt;/i&gt; gives you the tools to navigate your life with clarity and unconditional love.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2429. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2430. &lt;div class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2431. Interestingly, I spoke with Loch when he was beginning work on this book. More than a year later he contacted me again about doing some editing, but by then I was very busy with my editing work at the University of Arizona Cancer Center.&lt;/div&gt;
  2432. &lt;div class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2433. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2434. &lt;div class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2435. Recently, I heard from Loch again - the book was done and hitting the market. He had Sounds True send me a review copy, which I am reading right now. I will be posting my review in the coming weeks. I must that, so far, I am finding this an excellent book, and one I will be using with some therapy clients. &lt;/div&gt;
  2436. &lt;br /&gt;
  2437. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2438. &lt;img alt=&quot;Shift into Freedom&quot; src=&quot;http://d2vjjkghjbhy7y.cloudfront.net/catalog/product/cache/1/image/9df78eab33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/b/k/bk04183-shift-into-freedom-published-cover_1.jpg&quot; height=&quot;640&quot; id=&quot;image&quot; title=&quot;Shift into Freedom&quot; width=&quot;432&quot; /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
  2439. &lt;br /&gt;
  2440. This is the email Sounds True sent out (with a brief bio from the Sounds True website):&lt;br /&gt;
  2441. &lt;div class=&quot;author-description&quot;&gt;
  2442. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2443. &lt;div class=&quot;Webcopy&quot;&gt;
  2444. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Loch Kelly, MDiv, LCSW, is a teacher,  consultant, and leader in the field of meditation and psychotherapy who  was asked to teach by Mingyur Rinpoche and Adyashanti. The founder of  the Open-Hearted Awareness Institute, he is an emerging voice in  modernizing meditation, social engagement, and collaborating with  neuroscientists to study how awareness training can enhance compassion  and well-being.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2445. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2446. &lt;/div&gt;
  2447. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  2448. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://enews.soundstrue.com/t/l?ssid=17613&amp;amp;subscriber_id=68r11p70gpinf68lqmena05fk865a&amp;amp;delivery_id=bjiuofzzjupxkfmzsqilkcagmuzsbal&amp;amp;td=LIkUPieX-iZ90ARsC3YarA-p6rlE6Cvy8dmD67iqiiU9sUlqaIUXDlMlxCOXSBqondqBLAnN7FrSVV_Heeatl_kfd64m-GFOFBGScto-GSSrbuq8tS-H5mqQw0WLg0mdApPI9Go9rcPpxTj4sBGNA-lGzuc3l322tHwUWlqRdDDZ5fqR_WD0Ocx0wuRstviPXj45HQeZtqlPFlqyyh5plkp6YuvV_eL1RG&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://soundstrue-ha.s3.amazonaws.com/CBT/kelly/images/loch-kelly.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  2449. Dear Sounds True friends, &lt;br /&gt;
  2450. &lt;br /&gt;
  2451. I am delighted to share my new &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.soundstrue.com/shop/affiliateGateway?siteID=ACBHRMN&amp;amp;url=http://www.soundstrue.com/store/shift-into-freedom.html&quot;&gt;book&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://enews.soundstrue.com/t/l?ssid=17613&amp;amp;subscriber_id=68r11p70gpinf68lqmena05fk865a&amp;amp;delivery_id=bjiuofzzjupxkfmzsqilkcagmuzsbal&amp;amp;td=LIkUPieX-iZ90ARsC3YarAvv7aidhgc9F7mD67iqiiU9sUlqaIUXDlMlxCOXSBqondqBLAnN7FrSX35RsMqKDd1lV4rGI_cnCBI-http://www.soundstrue.com/shop/affiliateGateway?siteID=ACBHRMN&amp;amp;url=http://www.soundstrue.com/store/shift-into-freedom-1.html&quot;&gt;audio&lt;/a&gt; meditation program with you, Shift Into Freedom: The Science and Practice of Open-Hearted Awareness. I’m grateful to all of my teachers, students, and friends for their support in helping me bring this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.soundstrue.com/shop/affiliateGateway?siteID=ACBHRMN&amp;amp;url=http://www.soundstrue.com/store/shift-into-freedom.html&quot;&gt;book&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.soundstrue.com/shop/affiliateGateway?siteID=ACBHRMN&amp;amp;url=http://www.soundstrue.com/store/shift-into-freedom-1.html&quot;&gt;audio&lt;/a&gt; into form, and to Adyashanti for his inspiring foreword. &lt;br /&gt;
  2452. &lt;br /&gt;
  2453. I was fortunate to stumble upon meditation early in my life after a series of losses. Meditation was a great help to me because it revealed the inner foundation of a naturally spacious and loving awareness. My heart’s curiosity then led me to graduate school and to India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka, where I met many renowned meditation teachers who generously shared their lives and practices with me. The particular approach I was drawn to is one where we discover the solution to suffering by directly shifting into our awake nature that is already here. Then through the practice of “small glimpses, many times,” we can experience freedom from fear, shame, and worry, and live an embodied, open-hearted life. My life’s work and love has been to discover the essence of these advanced practices and bring them to you in contemporary and accessible form. &lt;br /&gt;
  2454. &lt;br /&gt;
  2455. The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.soundstrue.com/shop/affiliateGateway?siteID=ACBHRMN&amp;amp;url=http://www.soundstrue.com/store/shift-into-freedom.html&quot;&gt;book&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.soundstrue.com/shop/affiliateGateway?siteID=ACBHRMN&amp;amp;url=http://www.soundstrue.com/store/shift-into-freedom-1.html&quot;&gt;audio&lt;/a&gt; provide a how-to guide for awakening. I have been refining these unique teachings and practices for many years, and have had wonderful results in sharing them with students. &lt;br /&gt;
  2456. &lt;br /&gt;
  2457. This &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.soundstrue.com/shop/affiliateGateway?siteID=ACBHRMN&amp;amp;url=http://www.soundstrue.com/store/shift-into-freedom.html&quot;&gt;book&lt;/a&gt; presents a distinct and clear definition of awakening. My goal is to bring the process of awakening into the mainstream of our culture in the same way that mindfulness meditation is now embraced, studied, and valued by Western medicine and psychology. Shift Into Freedom offers unique and helpful pointers from developmental psychology, neuroscience, psychotherapy, and comparative contemplative traditions. &lt;br /&gt;
  2458. &lt;br /&gt;
  2459. The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.soundstrue.com/shop/affiliateGateway?siteID=ACBHRMN&amp;amp;url=http://www.soundstrue.com/store/shift-into-freedom-1.html&quot;&gt;audio program&lt;/a&gt; is a powerful series of short guided meditations, pointers, and “glimpses” designed to help you recognize and live from open-hearted awareness. While these practices are written in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.soundstrue.com/shop/affiliateGateway?siteID=ACBHRMN&amp;amp;url=http://www.soundstrue.com/store/shift-into-freedom.html&quot;&gt;book&lt;/a&gt;, I highly recommend that you listen to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.soundstrue.com/shop/affiliateGateway?siteID=ACBHRMN&amp;amp;url=http://www.soundstrue.com/store/shift-into-freedom-1.html&quot;&gt;audio&lt;/a&gt;. The audio meditations will make it easier to experience what is being pointed to within you. Experiencing the glimpses is what will transform you. &lt;br /&gt;
  2460. &lt;br /&gt;
  2461. Awakening can be understood and learned—often through much unlearning and letting go. I am convinced that awakening is the next stage of our human development. You are more capable of discovering this potential than you may believe. Our mutual awakening is essential for our planet today. &lt;br /&gt;
  2462. &lt;br /&gt;
  2463. I hope you enjoy this heartfelt offering! &lt;br /&gt;
  2464. &lt;br /&gt;
  2465. With Love and Gratitude, &lt;br /&gt;
  2466. &lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://soundstrue-ha.s3.amazonaws.com/CBT/kelly/images/signature.jpg&quot; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  2467. Open-Hearted Awareness Institute &lt;br /&gt;
  2468. New York City &lt;br /&gt;
  2469. &lt;br /&gt;
  2470. This nondual way of “small glimpses, many times” takes basic mindfulness to the next level by introducing us to effortless mindfulness and heart mindfulness. &lt;br /&gt;
  2471. September 2015 &lt;br /&gt;
  2472. &lt;br /&gt;
  2473. &lt;a href=&quot;http://enews.soundstrue.com/t/l?ssid=17613&amp;amp;subscriber_id=68r11p70gpinf68lqmena05fk865a&amp;amp;delivery_id=bjiuofzzjupxkfmzsqilkcagmuzsbal&amp;amp;td=LIkUPieX-iZ90ARsC3YarA-GDlmosoRqwqmD67iqiiU9sUlqaIUXDlMlxCOXSBqondqBLAnN7FrSVHbr1tZ-WfqGS9zyXTiVkm85MCNWmGJ9mOHnmEr8Ppqk57bHtHaTlPdN9ubHPSEJlcLVrNcWmrgh0Y3FDiyv7CeAxTHWlrt7v-G9Ra1O5G3yXhq28z8zMgRqpmLJVCkhqp0AqE_Pdt2Y52olajLR5xl4rKjXtDN4WDg6Sp-MgNIRcjyecYZ4xhJlLYWQnAouc&quot;&gt;Listen to my Insights at the Edge Podcast »&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2474. &lt;br /&gt;
  2475. &lt;br /&gt;</description><link>http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2015/09/loch-kelly-shift-into-freedom-science.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (william harryman)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13617569.post-1012294430845582669</guid><pubDate>Fri, 04 Sep 2015 15:48:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2015-09-04T09:39:30.701-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">cosmological inflation</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">cosmology</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">evolution</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">integral theory</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Ken Wilber</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Philosophy</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">pre/trans fallacy</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">teleological theories</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">universal evolutionary principles</category><title>Teleological Perspectives and the Pre/Trans Fallacy of Integral Theory</title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2476. &lt;img alt=&quot;http://image.slidesharecdn.com/theolology-proper-intro-arguments-for-existence-of-god-etc-21444/95/theolology-proper-intro-arguments-for-existence-of-god-etc-26-728.jpg?cb=1250142478&quot; src=&quot;http://image.slidesharecdn.com/theolology-proper-intro-arguments-for-existence-of-god-etc-21444/95/theolology-proper-intro-arguments-for-existence-of-god-etc-26-728.jpg?cb=1250142478&quot; height=&quot;375&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2477. &lt;br /&gt;
  2478. &lt;b&gt;Teleology&lt;/b&gt; is an account of a given thing&#39;s purpose.&amp;nbsp;For example, Aristotle argued that the purpose of an acorn, its intrinsic &lt;i&gt;telos&lt;/i&gt;, is to become an oak tree. This is &lt;i&gt;intrinsic&lt;/i&gt; teleology. [A purpose imposed by human use, such as a fork’s extrinsic purpose is to make eating certain foods easier, is &lt;i&gt;extrinsic&lt;/i&gt; teleology.] Natural teleology contends that natural entities have intrinsic purposes, irrespective of human use or opinion. &lt;br /&gt;
  2479. &lt;br /&gt;
  2480. According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleology&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;
  2481. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2482. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Though ancient atomists rejected the notion of natural teleology, teleological accounts of non-personal or non-human nature were explored and often endorsed in ancient and medieval philosophies, but fell into disfavor during the modern era (1600-1900).&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2483. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2484. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;In the late 18th century, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Immanuel Kant&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt; used the concept of &lt;i&gt;telos&lt;/i&gt; as a regulative principle in his &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel&quot;&gt;Critique of Judgment&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. Teleology was also fundamental to the speculative philosophy of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2485. A recent example of teleological science is Thomas Nagel’s 2012 book,&lt;i&gt; Mind and Cosmos: Why the Materialist Neo-Darwinian Conception of Nature is Almost Certainly False&lt;/i&gt;, an argument that the emergence of life, and in particular conscious life, cannot be explained by materialist or mechanistic principles but, rather, the required principles may be teleological.&lt;br /&gt;
  2486. &lt;br /&gt;
  2487. Integral theorist Ken Wilber has based his entire integral model on a teleological view of the universe (derived from Vedanta and Tibetan Buddhism), arguing that consciousness arose in the universe so that the universe could come to know itself. In one of his early books, Wilber says that the “Big Bang which was really the roaring laughter of God voluntarily getting lost for the millionth time” (&lt;i&gt;Up From Eden&lt;/i&gt;, p. 328). Or this, from a later book:&lt;br /&gt;
  2488. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2489. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Maybe the evolutionary sequence really is from matter to body to mind to soul to spirit, each transcending and including, each with a greater depth and greater consciousness and wider embrace. And in the highest reaches of evolution, maybe, just maybe, an individual&#39;s consciousness does indeed touch infinity - a total embrace of the entire Kosmos - a Kosmic consciousness that is Spirit awakened to its own true nature. (&lt;i&gt;A Brief History of Everything&lt;/i&gt;, p. 38)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2490. In &lt;i&gt;Sex, Ecology, Spirituality&lt;/i&gt;, Wilber offers, &lt;br /&gt;
  2491. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2492. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;… these life forms were apparently not content to merely reproduce themselves, but instead began a long evolution that would eventually allow them to represent themselves, to produce sign and symbols and concepts, and thus out of life arose mind. Whatever this process of evolution was, it seems to have been incredibly driven from matter to life to mind. But stranger still, a mere few hundred years ago, on a small and indifferent planet around an insignificant star, evolution became conscious of itself. (p.3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2493. This is a purely teleological understanding of evolution, of the universe. And for Wilber, eros is the force that drives the evolution of the universe.&lt;br /&gt;
  2494. &lt;br /&gt;
  2495. In this model of the universe, the intention, or even the purpose, can only be understood through actions. In essence, the result of an action (evolution is the seemingly obvious drive toward complexity in the universe as we know it) explains its intention (the purpose of evolution is for the universe to become conscious of itself).&lt;br /&gt;
  2496. &lt;br /&gt;
  2497. Wilber’s model, like Nagel’s, posits directionality—an intent—in nature. Wilber goes further and claims that the universe has become conscious of itself through human beings and that this is the intention behind evolution, going all the way&amp;nbsp;back to the Big Bang (let’s ignore the fact that the Big bang is still a questionable origin story).&lt;br /&gt;
  2498. &lt;br /&gt;
  2499. &lt;b&gt;But is this necessarily true?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2500. &lt;br /&gt;
  2501. Psychologically, this is the sensorimotor stage of mentalization (the ability to think about thinking). Mentalization, according to Peter Fonagy, is a left-brain, voluntary, and slow secondary affect regulating system. It is the ability to step back and consider our own cognitive processes as objects of thought or reflection (paraphrasing Mary Main).&lt;br /&gt;
  2502. &lt;br /&gt;
  2503. According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://hps.elte.hu/Basler/Honors/Snyder/Developmental%20Psych/1998_Dev_Science_Report_Teleological_origins_of_mentalistic_action_explanations.pdf&quot;&gt;Csibra and&amp;nbsp;Gergely&lt;/a&gt; (1998), &quot;infant&#39;s &#39;teleological stance&#39; generates&amp;nbsp;reality-based explanations for actions that are neither&amp;nbsp;mentalistic nor causal.&quot; In essence, the teleological perspective is &quot;reality-based,&quot; in that it attempts to make sense of an event within the available evidence (primitive though it is), but it lacks a truly causal explanation due to a lack of ability to mentalize (to take one&#39;s thoughts/beliefs as an object of awareness).&lt;br /&gt;
  2504. &lt;br /&gt;
  2505. Wilber’s sensorimotor stage is very low on his developmental schema and, in fact, it is the bottom (beginning) stage of cognitive development. As mentioned above, teleology is the sensorimotor stage of mentalization, the reading of one’s own and others’ mental states. There is likely some discrepancy in stages here, and Wilber’s sensorimotor stage and pre-operational stage may well be equivalent to Fonagy’s sensorimotor stage.&lt;br /&gt;
  2506. &lt;br /&gt;
  2507. We take for granted that intentions precede actions in our experiences of other people. The problem is when we extend this belief to non-human agents, such as animals, weather, or the universe. This is a form of anthropomorphism, the attribution of human intentions and feelings to non-human agents.&lt;br /&gt;
  2508. &lt;br /&gt;
  2509. As such, this is a primitive state of consciousness. It is correlated strongly with Wilber’s impulsive (or magical/animistic) stage of development. Again, very low on the hierarchy of cognitive development—it’s pre-rational (mind), pre-egoic (identity), pre-operational/symbolic (cognitive), and pre-conventional (moral). It is also preverbal, relying on a very basic cause and effect schema that intuits cause based on effects.&lt;br /&gt;
  2510. &lt;br /&gt;
  2511. &lt;b&gt;How is it that a teleological perspective in philosophy (and the philosophy of consciousness) is not considered primitive and pre-rational?&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  2512. &lt;br /&gt;
  2513. What we are really discussing here is a subtle manifestation of the pre/trans fallacy that&amp;nbsp;Wilber himself is credited with discovering. Here is how this distinction is defined at &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.integrallife.com/video/pre-trans-fallacy&quot;&gt;Integral Life&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;
  2514. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2515. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Ken noticed a core confusion that made it very difficult to discern between the lower stages and the higher stages. Trans-rational mystical experiences were often being dismissed as pre-rational fantasy, postmodern values were being erroneously projected onto pre-modern cultures, and pre-modern impulsiveness and hedonism were being celebrated by the postmodern counterculture. Rather than viewing psychology as a developmental process running from pre-rational to rational to trans-rational (or pre-differentiated &lt;i&gt;fusion&lt;/i&gt; to &lt;i&gt;differentiation&lt;/i&gt; to post-differentiated &lt;i&gt;integration&lt;/i&gt;), a person was seen as being either rational or not—resulting in the trans-rational baby getting thrown out with the pre-rational bathwater.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2516. This is one of Wilber&#39;s most important theoretical contributions. &lt;br /&gt;
  2517. &lt;br /&gt;
  2518. Despite this, Wilber&#39;s whole&amp;nbsp;integral model falls into the pre/trans fallacy inherent in teleological perspectives. It&#39;s puzzling that&amp;nbsp;Wilber never saw this issue in his own work, but it&#39;s often difficult to separate enough&amp;nbsp;from our own beliefs to view them objectively.&lt;br /&gt;
  2519. &lt;br /&gt;
  2520. On the other hand, he might argue that&amp;nbsp;mystical perspectives are not&amp;nbsp;subject to causal explanations. He has made such claims before.&lt;br /&gt;
  2521. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  2522. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Neither sensory empiricism, nor pure reason, nor practical reason, nor any combination thereof can see into the realm of Spirit. In the smoking ruins left by Kant, the only possible conclusion is that all future metaphysics and authentic spirituality must offer direct experiential evidence. (&lt;i&gt;The Marriage of Sense and Soul&lt;/i&gt;, p. 174)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2523. According to this, we are to take as truth the &quot;insights&quot; of mystics who&amp;nbsp;have seen into the realm of Spirit, whatever that may be. We are required to accept, in integral theory,&amp;nbsp;a model of the evolution of the universe that is based on a teleological interpretation of&amp;nbsp;why the universe is as it is.&lt;br /&gt;
  2524. &lt;br /&gt;
  2525. And this does not even&amp;nbsp;take into&amp;nbsp;account the likelihood that the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iflscience.com/physics/quantum-equations-dispute-big-bang&quot;&gt;Big&amp;nbsp;Bang is a false theory&lt;/a&gt;, or that rather than evolving toward greater complexity, the universe may well&amp;nbsp;be evolving toward dissolution and&amp;nbsp;entropy (&lt;a href=&quot;http://phys.org/news/2015-02-fast-universe.html&quot;&gt;space is expanding faster than previously believed&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;
  2526. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2527. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;As a result, it&#39;s suspected that receding galaxies will cross a type of cosmological event horizon, where any evidence of their existence, not even light, would ever be able to reach us, no matter how far into the future you went.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2528. &lt;br /&gt;
  2529. Would someone born in a future time when there are no other stars visible from Earth come up with the same models and explanations about the universe as people born during the previous centuries?&lt;br /&gt;
  2530. &lt;br /&gt;
  2531. It seems unlikely.&lt;br /&gt;
  2532. &lt;br /&gt;
  2533. We really lack any actual evidence for what is happening in other regions of the universe. We barely have a grip on what is happening on Earth.&lt;br /&gt;
  2534. &lt;br /&gt;
  2535. Any person who believes that he or she can offer a cogent and comprehensive explanation for the universe and it&#39;s supposed evolution seems to me more than a little delusional.</description><link>http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2015/09/teleological-perspectives-and-pretrans.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (william harryman)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13617569.post-151017728626374840</guid><pubDate>Mon, 17 Aug 2015 13:25:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2015-08-18T12:58:24.004-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">book reviews</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">books</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Buddha</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Buddhism</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">engaged Buddhism</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">sacred activism</category><title>Thanissara - Time to Stand Up: An Engaged Buddhist Manifesto for Our Earth (A Review)</title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2536. &lt;img alt=&quot;https://www.northatlanticbooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/TimeToStandUp_cover.jpg&quot; class=&quot;overflowing&quot; height=&quot;640&quot; src=&quot;https://www.northatlanticbooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/TimeToStandUp_cover.jpg&quot; width=&quot;425&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2537. &lt;br /&gt;
  2538. Thanissara - &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/158394916X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;camp=1789&amp;amp;creative=390957&amp;amp;creativeASIN=158394916X&amp;amp;linkCode=as2&amp;amp;tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkId=FSQKVTU5HLPRZDKZ&quot;&gt;Time to Stand Up: An Engaged Buddhist Manifesto for Our Earth -- The Buddha&#39;s Life and Message through Feminine Eyes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2539. &lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2540. &lt;/i&gt; (To be published on August 18, 2015 - Pre-order at the Amazon link above for $7.47)&lt;br /&gt;
  2541. &lt;br /&gt;
  2542. &lt;b&gt;About the Author&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2543. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2544. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Thanissara&lt;/b&gt; and her husband Kittisaro (Harry Randolph Weinberg) are the  founders of Dharmagiri Hermitage in South Africa, from where they  support several HIV/AIDS Outreach Programs and help guide and fund-raise  for Kulungile Care Center for orphaned and vulnerable children and  teenagers.&amp;nbsp; Thanisarra and Kittisaro are authors of &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1583948392/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;camp=1789&amp;amp;creative=390957&amp;amp;creativeASIN=1583948392&amp;amp;linkCode=as2&amp;amp;tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkId=QHSVVYHFEJI5HCWL&quot; id=&quot;static_txt_preview&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Listening to the Heart: A Contemplative Journey to Engaged Buddhism&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (2014).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2545. &lt;br /&gt;
  2546. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Thanissara  grew up in an extended Anglo-Irish family in London, attending  Southampton College of Art and traveling extensively in Asia in the  1970s. Also inspired by Ajahn Chah, she spent 12 years as a Buddhist nun  in Thailand. She holds an MA in Mindfulness-Based Psychotherapy  Practice from Middlesex University and the Karuna Institute in the U.K.  and co-facilitates the Community Dharma Leader Program at Spirit Rock  Meditation Center in California. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2547. [&lt;span style=&quot;color: #660000;&quot;&gt;NOTE: This book was sent to me by the publisher (free) with the hope that I would review it, favorably. I never make any promises in that regard. When I do review a book sent to me, it&#39;s because I think it is a good book.&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;br /&gt;
  2548. &lt;br /&gt;
  2549. The life of the Buddha has been told so many times by so many people,  and in so many different ways, from mythic and magical versions to a  very secular version (from Stephen Batchelor), but never has it been  told in the context of environmental change and from a feminine  perspective.&lt;br /&gt;
  2550. &lt;br /&gt;
  2551. In the Buddha&#39;s time, women were included  among his followers and students, but in the following centuries, women  were often excluded from those schools erected to perpetuate the  Buddha&#39;s teachings.&lt;br /&gt;
  2552. &lt;br /&gt;
  2553. From the Introduction:&lt;br /&gt;
  2554. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2555. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;This is a book I would have preferred not to write. I would have liked to write something lighter, happier, and more innocent. I would have liked to walk you through a serene wooded landscape, but instead I ask you to look with me at a burnt and tortured Earth and its polluted rivers, dying oceans, razed forests, devastated wastelands, and its litany of extinct species.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2556. This is a book about awakening to the reality of the planet we live on, the pain, the suffering, the devastation, and not blinking, not looking away, not putting it off for the next generation to deal with. It is a book about reality.&lt;br /&gt;
  2557. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2558. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;The journey of awakening is not an incense-scented walk through a bed of roses--it wasn&#39;t for the Buddha, and it&#39;s not for us. It&#39;s a demanding look at reality. The reality we now face is climate chaos and devastation, an edge that is increasingly hard to move back from. &lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;(p. 45)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2559. Buddhism has long had a reputation of being little more than navel gazing. Perhaps that has been fair, perhaps it has not been fully accurate. After all, the Bodhisattva Vow promises to save all beings.&lt;br /&gt;
  2560. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2561. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Beings are numberless, I vow to save them&lt;br /&gt;
  2562. Desires are inexhaustible, I vow to end them&lt;br /&gt;
  2563. Dharma gates are boundless, I vow to enter them&lt;br /&gt;
  2564. Buddha&#39;s way is unsurpassable, I vow to become it.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2565. In our time, we know that animals are also sentient beings, however great or small. For this reason, most Buddhists are vegetarian. In &lt;i&gt;Seven Years in Tibet&lt;/i&gt;, we see Tibetan Buddhist Monks breaking ground for a building and they worry about harming the worms. They too are beings.&lt;br /&gt;
  2566. &lt;br /&gt;
  2567. An engaged Buddhist approach to saving our planet may rightfully claim that vegetarianism is a necessary part of that agenda. Approximately &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldwildlife.org/threats/deforestation&quot;&gt;36 football fields worth of forest&lt;/a&gt; is cut down every minute, and we have lost 17% of the Amazonian Rainforest over the last 50 years, primarily to convert the land to cattle farming.&lt;br /&gt;
  2568. &lt;br /&gt;
  2569. The meat industry, according to a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-greenhouse-hamburger/&quot;&gt;2006 report by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)&lt;/a&gt;, causes  more greenhouse gases - carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide, and  the like - to spew into the atmosphere than either transportation or  industry. According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.discovery.com/earth/global-warming/gassy-cows-emit-more-methane-than-oil-industry-140710.htm&quot;&gt;Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;br /&gt;
  2570. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2571. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;livestock burping, flatulence and manure was the source of more than  13 million tons of methane gas in 2004, compared with the EPA’s estimate  of 9.7 million tons, according to a study published last month in the &lt;i&gt; Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres&lt;/i&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2572. &lt;br /&gt;
  2573. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;SCIMACHY measurements showed oil and gas industries released 7  million tons of methane gas into the atmosphere, compared to the EPA’s  estimate of 9.9 million tons.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2574. Methane gas is the second most common gas that is associated with global warming, after CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
  2575. &lt;br /&gt;
  2576. Not only does the meat industry destroy our environment but, as mentioned above, animals are sentient creatures. Buddhists vow to cause no suffering and, in fact, to alleviate suffering as much as we are able.&lt;br /&gt;
  2577. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2578. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;The most painful, the very worst of our madness, is the utterly sadistic and callous treatment of billions of animals and sea creatures caught in our consumer machinery. Animals are sentient, feeling beings with family structures, intelligence, emotions, memories, and needs, just like us.&lt;/span&gt; (p. 122)&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2579. I eat meat. I have struggle from time to time with this practice, but I have rationalized it in light of humans being omnivores. I have also rationalized it in terms of my protein needs as an active male who lifts weights seriously and often. I have tried to switch to grass-fed, organically raised, and locally sourced meat, in an effort to limit the damage my diet produces.&lt;br /&gt;
  2580. &lt;br /&gt;
  2581. However, having read this book, and in light of who I feel I am becoming in my life, I am seriously questioning my lifestyle. Meat is a lifestyle choice, since there are many ways to get adequate protein without eating meat.&lt;br /&gt;
  2582. &lt;br /&gt;
  2583. But, then, do I give up cottage cheese, Greek yogurt, eggs, and whey protein? Do I stop consuming all products sourced from animals? This is a much harder choice, but maybe it is the only moral choice.&lt;br /&gt;
  2584. &lt;br /&gt;
  2585. To be fair, this is a First World problem, in as much as so many others in this world barely get enough food, let alone protein, to survive. It&#39;s easy to be blind to our own privilege.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
  2586. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2587. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;As practitioners and Sanghas following the great inclusiveness at the heart of the Buddha&#39;s Sangha, we must understand, particularly in the U.S. and Europe, how our colonial histories have set the stage for white privilege and class entitlement to permeate our communities and permit us to develop many blind spots. In making the invisible, visible, we can learn how we subtly perpetuate a dynamic that excludes or diminishes participation of people of color and those who are economically marginalized.&lt;/span&gt; (p. 156)&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2588. Thanisarra outlines four domains in which we must work together as one people to save our planet: (1) Keep carbon in the ground, (2) Sequester the remaining carbon in favor of alternative energy sources, (3) Massive investment in and education about renewable energy sources, and (4) Move toward a plant-based diet (p. 158-159).&lt;br /&gt;
  2589. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2590. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;We now need a collaborative global movement on a scale never before seen in the history of humankind to ensure these outcomes. We are not only advocating climate action, but also recognizing that this is the moment to actualize a truly more equitable and just society. &lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;...&lt;/span&gt; The intensity of our times invites us to shift our way of thinking, the choices we make as &quot;consumers,&quot; and the awareness we bring to each part of our personal lives.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2591. ___&lt;br /&gt;
  2592. &lt;br /&gt;
  2593. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;The Buddhist way isn&#39;t to tell people what they should do, but to lead by example.&lt;/span&gt; (p. 159)&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2594. This is a book that forced me to look at my choices, and quite possibly to make profound changes in my life. Perhaps it will do the same for you.&lt;br /&gt;
  2595. &lt;br /&gt;
  2596. &lt;b&gt;About the Book &lt;/b&gt;(from the publisher)&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2597. &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2598. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2599. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Time to Stand Up&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;retells the story of the historical Buddha, one  of the greatest sacred activists of all time, as a practical human being  whose teachings of freedom from suffering are more relevant than ever  in this time of global peril. Evolving onward from the patriarchal  template of spiritual warriors and their quests, former nun Thanissara  explores awakening from within a feminine view where the archetypes of  lover and nurturer are placed as central and essential for a sustainable  world.&lt;br /&gt;
  2600. &lt;br /&gt;
  2601. Vital is an investigation into the pinnacle of Buddhist  practice, the realization of the &quot;liberated heart.&quot; Thanissara questions  the narrative of &quot;transcendence&quot; and invites us into the lived reality  of our deepest heart as it guides our journey of healing, reclamation,  and redemption. As the book unfolds, the author examines traditional  Buddhism--often fraught with gender discrimination--and asks the  important question, &quot;Can Buddhist schools, overly attached to hierarchal  power structures, and often divorced from the radical and free inquiry  exemplified by the Buddha, truly offer the ground for maturing awakening  without undertaking a fundamental review of their own shadows?&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  2602. &lt;br /&gt;
  2603. Chapter  by chapter, the book relates Siddhartha Gautama&#39;s awakening to the  sea-change occurring on Earth in present time as we as a civilization  become aware of the ethical bankruptcy of the nuclear and fossil fuel  industry and the psychopathic corporate and military abuse of power  currently terrorizing our planet. Thanissara relates the Buddha&#39;s story  to real-life individuals who are living through these transitional  times, such as Iraq war veterans, First Nation People, and the Dalai  Lama.&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Time to Stand Up&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;gives examples of the Buddha&#39;s activism,  such as challenging a racist caste system and violence against animals,  stopping war, transforming a serial killer, and laying down a  nonhierarchical structure of community governance, actions that would  seem radical even today.&lt;br /&gt;
  2604. &lt;br /&gt;
  2605. Thanissara explores ways forward,  deepening our understanding of meditation and mindfulness, probing its  use to pacify ourselves as the cogs in the corporate world by helping  people be more functional in a dysfunctional systems--and shows how  these core Buddhist practices can inspire a wake-up call for action for  our sick and suffering planet Earth.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2606. This book is part of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.northatlanticbooks.com/product-category/spirituality-religion/sacred-activism-spirituality-religion/&quot;&gt;Scared Activism&lt;/a&gt; series from North Atlantic Books.&lt;br /&gt;
  2607. &lt;br /&gt;</description><link>http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2015/08/thanissara-time-to-stand-up-engaged.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (william harryman)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13617569.post-4852234211586349266</guid><pubDate>Wed, 15 Jul 2015 15:08:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2015-07-15T08:08:05.667-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">abusive guru</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">BITE model</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">cults</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">psychopaths</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">sociopaths</category><title>Cults and Intelligent Sociopaths</title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;
  2608. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2609. &lt;img src=&quot;http://www.kheper.net/topics/gurus/adi-da-lbcvr-l.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$comment10152891158845988_10152891362695988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$comment10152891158845988_10152891362695988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$comment10152891158845988_10152891362695988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$comment10152891158845988_10152891362695988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.$end:0:$text8:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2610. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2611. Adi Da&lt;/div&gt;
  2612. &lt;br /&gt;
  2613. &lt;br /&gt;
  2614. NOTE: this post is based on a series of comments I made on a thread over at Facebook. The topic had to do with the relationship of brain science and understanding cult behaviors at both the small group level and the societal level.&lt;/div&gt;
  2615. &lt;br /&gt;
  2616. &lt;br /&gt;
  2617. &lt;br /&gt;
  2618. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2619. * * * * * * * * * * &lt;/div&gt;
  2620. &lt;br /&gt;
  2621. I think that attachment theory has a lot to add in understanding cult behaviors. Around &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.suttontrust.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/baby-bonds-final.pdf&quot;&gt;40% of the population&lt;/a&gt; (across cultures) is insecurely attached, which makes them perfect targets for cults and other dysfunctional communities. With insecure attachments, the right brain affect regulation system is underdeveloped and/or oversensitive, resulting in poor communication between the limbic system and the frontal cortex (especially the orbitofrontal cortex, which is involved in cognitive processing, decision making, and in integrating external reality with internal reality, among other things). People who are insecurely attached are much more likely to experience PTSD following trauma, exhibit less resilience to stressful experiences, and show highly levels of depression, anxiety, and dissociation.&lt;br /&gt;
  2622. &lt;br /&gt;
  2623. People who are insecurely attached often have a hard time regulating their affect (dissociation is one way an infant/toddler learns to regulate affect, but this is highly dysfunctional in adults). Consequently, these people often seek external regulation through relationships (an unconscious attempt to repair the attachment failure of infancy). Cults and charismatic leaders somehow sense this need and are experts at manipulation and control, which provides that needed regulation for the insecurely attached person. One of the ways they do this initially is through &quot;love bombing&quot; - a very directed attempt to make the new recruit feel special and important (filling the hole that results from lack of secure attachment). The cult (or charismatic leader/guru) then slowly institutes more and more control over behavior and thoughts, and even what is appropriate to feel. Part of this involves isolating them from friends and family and requiring secrecy about the group or the charismatic leader. Another part of this is countering the love-bombing with shame instillation, convincing the victim that they are worthless, sin-filled, weak, and so forth, and that the cult/charismatic guru is the only person who understands them and can &quot;save&quot; them.&lt;br /&gt;
  2624. &lt;br /&gt;
  2625. Over time, what develops is a trauma bond - a dedication to the group or leader no matter how abusive they become. By this point the group/leader has broken down their self-esteem to the point that their only sense of self is in connection to the group or leader. Even when horribly abused, it will be because they are not good enough, not because the group/leader is abusive (see Andrew Cohen, Adi Da, and many others).&lt;br /&gt;
  2626. &lt;br /&gt;
  2627. This is also a very common pattern in child molesters who groom their
  2628. victims over time. By the time the victims get help, they will
  2629. legitimately love the perpetrator even while knowing they have been
  2630. abused.&lt;br /&gt;
  2631. &lt;br /&gt;
  2632. Same thing in cults. Same thing in intelligent psychopaths/sociopaths.&lt;br /&gt;
  2633. &lt;br /&gt;
  2634. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2635. * * *  &lt;/div&gt;
  2636. &lt;br /&gt;
  2637. Followers tend to be wounded people - leaders are also wounded, but they seek control of others to boost their sense of self (&lt;a href=&quot;http://nymag.com/scienceofus/2015/07/a-neurological-level-narcissists-are-needy.html&quot;&gt;their narcissism&lt;/a&gt; comes from an inner sense of worthlessness and neediness). Followers need acceptance and community, quite often. &lt;br /&gt;
  2638. &lt;br /&gt;
  2639. In general, I don&#39;t think the victims are sociopaths, although this can certainly be the case. Sally Kempton is the best example of this in her rabid defense of Swami Muktananda when his sexual abuse of students (some possibly minors) was exposed (see quote below). A couple of decades later, she became associated with the former Rabbi Marc Gafni, a guru well-known for his abuse and sexual exploitation of students over the course of his career as a religious/spiritual guru. Each time Gafni has been exposed, she had adamantly defended him, just as she did with Muktananda.&lt;br /&gt;
  2640. &lt;br /&gt;
  2641. This passage is from an article called &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leavingsiddhayoga.net%2Fo_guru_english.htm&amp;amp;h=5AQHWLc2v&amp;amp;s=1&quot;&gt;O Guru, Guru, Guru&lt;/a&gt;&quot; from The New Yorker - which exposes Sally Kempton&#39;s defense of Swami Muktananda:&lt;br /&gt;
  2642. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2643. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$comment10152891158845988_10152891362695988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$comment10152891158845988_10152891362695988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$comment10152891158845988_10152891362695988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$comment10152891158845988_10152891362695988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.$end:0:$text16:0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$replies10153434369347389_10153435470277389:0.1:2:$comment10153434369347389_10153435472567389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$replies10153434369347389_10153435470277389:0.1:2:$comment10153434369347389_10153435472567389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$replies10153434369347389_10153435470277389:0.1:2:$comment10153434369347389_10153435472567389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$replies10153434369347389_10153435470277389:0.1:2:$comment10153434369347389_10153435472567389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.$end:0:$text0:0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$replies10153434369347389_10153435470277389:0.1:2:$comment10153434369347389_10153435490002389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$replies10153434369347389_10153435470277389:0.1:2:$comment10153434369347389_10153435490002389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$replies10153434369347389_10153435470277389:0.1:2:$comment10153434369347389_10153435490002389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$replies10153434369347389_10153435470277389:0.1:2:$comment10153434369347389_10153435490002389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.$end:0:$text0:0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$comment10153434369347389_10153435505162389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$comment10153434369347389_10153435505162389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$comment10153434369347389_10153435505162389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$comment10153434369347389_10153435505162389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$comment10153434369347389_10153435505162389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$end:0:$text4:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Durgananda called the accusations &quot;laughable&quot; and &quot;ridiculous.&quot; Had they been true, she said, Muktananda wou&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$comment10153434369347389_10153435505162389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$comment10153434369347389_10153435505162389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$comment10153434369347389_10153435505162389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$text0:0:$text0:0&quot;&gt;ld  not have been able to go on giving shaktipat and the organization would  not have continued to be as healthy as it was. Recently, however, I  spoke with two longtime SYDA meditation teachers with well established  academic and professional careers as psychotherapists, who say that  Durgananda sounded a different note with them. They told me that last  winter they had investigated some of the allegations, had sadly  concluded that they were true, and, in May of this year, confronted  Durgananda and another swami, demanding to know why the truth had been  kept from them for so many years. The confrontation occurred away from  the ashram, and this time, according to the therapists, Durgananda did  not say that the allegations were false. Durgananda told the therapists  that she knew a number of the women quite well and was convinced that  whatever had happened had been beneficial to them, but that the swamis  had never talked about it, because they thought it would be more  appropriate to be &quot;discreet.&quot; The therapists have now left SYDA. When I  phoned Durgananda and told her what they had said to me, she said, &quot;My  memory is that I did deny it to them,&quot; and she added that, whether the  allegations were &quot;true or not, it doesn&#39;t really change our  understanding of Baba.&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$comment10153434369347389_10153435505162389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$text0:0:$text1:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$comment10152891158845988_10152891362695988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$comment10152891158845988_10152891362695988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody&quot; 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data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$replies10153434369347389_10153435470277389:0.1:2:$comment10153434369347389_10153435490002389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$replies10153434369347389_10153435470277389:0.1:2:$comment10153434369347389_10153435490002389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$replies10153434369347389_10153435470277389:0.1:2:$comment10153434369347389_10153435490002389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.$end:0:$text0:0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$comment10153434369347389_10153435505162389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$comment10153434369347389_10153435505162389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$comment10153434369347389_10153435505162389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$comment10153434369347389_10153435505162389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$comment10153434369347389_10153435505162389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$comment10153434369347389_10153435505162389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$text0:0:$text3:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$comment10152891158845988_10152891362695988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$comment10152891158845988_10152891362695988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$comment10152891158845988_10152891362695988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$comment10152891158845988_10152891362695988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.$end:0:$text16:0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$replies10153434369347389_10153435470277389:0.1:2:$comment10153434369347389_10153435472567389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$replies10153434369347389_10153435470277389:0.1:2:$comment10153434369347389_10153435472567389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$replies10153434369347389_10153435470277389:0.1:2:$comment10153434369347389_10153435472567389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$replies10153434369347389_10153435470277389:0.1:2:$comment10153434369347389_10153435472567389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.$end:0:$text0:0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$replies10153434369347389_10153435470277389:0.1:2:$comment10153434369347389_10153435490002389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$replies10153434369347389_10153435470277389:0.1:2:$comment10153434369347389_10153435490002389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$replies10153434369347389_10153435470277389:0.1:2:$comment10153434369347389_10153435490002389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$replies10153434369347389_10153435470277389:0.1:2:$comment10153434369347389_10153435490002389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.$end:0:$text0:0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$comment10153434369347389_10153435505162389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$comment10153434369347389_10153435505162389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$comment10153434369347389_10153435505162389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$comment10153434369347389_10153435505162389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$comment10153434369347389_10153435505162389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$comment10153434369347389_10153435505162389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$text0:0:$text4:0&quot;&gt;As  disturbing as the sexual allegations were, Michael Dinga, the former  SYDA Foundation trustee, and other ex-devotees gave Rodarmor equally  disturbing descriptions of strong-arm tactics used to hush up  ex-devotees or punish them for disloyalty. Over the years, the  ex-devotees said, various &quot;enforcers&quot; confronted and threatened those  not in SYDA&#39;s favor. Dinga and his wife, Chandra, told Rodarmor that  they were subjected to months of harassment.&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2644. &lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$comment10152891158845988_10152891362695988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$comment10152891158845988_10152891362695988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$comment10152891158845988_10152891362695988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$comment10152891158845988_10152891362695988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.$end:0:$text16:0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$replies10153434369347389_10153435470277389:0.1:2:$comment10153434369347389_10153435472567389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$replies10153434369347389_10153435470277389:0.1:2:$comment10153434369347389_10153435472567389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$replies10153434369347389_10153435470277389:0.1:2:$comment10153434369347389_10153435472567389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$replies10153434369347389_10153435470277389:0.1:2:$comment10153434369347389_10153435472567389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.$end:0:$text0:0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$replies10153434369347389_10153435470277389:0.1:2:$comment10153434369347389_10153435490002389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$replies10153434369347389_10153435470277389:0.1:2:$comment10153434369347389_10153435490002389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$replies10153434369347389_10153435470277389:0.1:2:$comment10153434369347389_10153435490002389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$replies10153434369347389_10153435470277389:0.1:2:$comment10153434369347389_10153435490002389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.$end:0:$text0:0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$comment10153434369347389_10153435505162389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$comment10153434369347389_10153435505162389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$comment10153434369347389_10153435505162389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$comment10153434369347389_10153435505162389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$comment10153434369347389_10153435505162389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2645. &lt;div data-reactid=&quot;.3yt.1:4:1:$comment10153434369347389_10153435505162389:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.6&quot;&gt;
  2646. &lt;div&gt;
  2647. &lt;div class=&quot;_3-8y _2lhm&quot;&gt;
  2648. &lt;div&gt;
  2649. &lt;div&gt;
  2650. &lt;div class=&quot;_6m2 _1zpr clearfix _6m4 _5cwb _4y_8 _pb2&quot; data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;H&amp;quot;}&quot; id=&quot;u_jsonp_134_e&quot;&gt;
  2651. &lt;div class=&quot;clearfix _2r3x&quot;&gt;
  2652. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  2653. &lt;div class=&quot;lfloat _ohe&quot;&gt;
  2654. &lt;span class=&quot;_3m6-&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2655. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2656. &lt;div class=&quot;_42ef&quot;&gt;
  2657. In this instance, Kempton is both victim and perpetrator. &lt;/div&gt;
  2658. &lt;/div&gt;
  2659. &lt;/div&gt;
  2660. &lt;/div&gt;
  2661. &lt;/div&gt;
  2662. &lt;/div&gt;
  2663. &lt;/div&gt;
  2664. &lt;/div&gt;
  2665. &lt;br /&gt;
  2666. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2667. &lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$comment10152891158845988_10152891362695988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$comment10152891158845988_10152891362695988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$comment10152891158845988_10152891362695988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$comment10152891158845988_10152891362695988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.$end:0:$text16:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;* * *&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2668. &lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$comment10152891158845988_10152891362695988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$comment10152891158845988_10152891362695988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$comment10152891158845988_10152891362695988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$comment10152891158845988_10152891362695988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.$end:0:$text16:0&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2669. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.0&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$text0:0:$text0:0&quot;&gt;To understand how cults and charismatic psychopaths control and manipulate their victims, one would benefit greatly from becoming familiar with &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;profileLink&quot; data-hovercard=&quot;/ajax/hovercard/hovercard.php?id=348853115130392&amp;amp;extragetparams=%7B%22hc_location%22%3A%22ufi%22%7D&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$range0:0&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/steven.hassan.cult.expert?hc_location=ufi&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Steven Hassan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$text1:0:$text0:0&quot;&gt;&#39;s BITE model of mind control:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$text1:0:$text1:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$text1:0:$text3:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$text1:0:$text4:0&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.0.$text1:0:$text4:0&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;_3c21&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2670. &lt;div class=&quot;mbs _6m6&quot;&gt;
  2671. &lt;a href=&quot;http://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fbit.ly%2F1RqtLap&amp;amp;h=FAQGJ1T7Q&amp;amp;s=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Freedom of Mind - BITE Model&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2672. &lt;div class=&quot;_6m7&quot;&gt;
  2673. Freedom of MInd BITE Model of Cult Expert Steve Hassan&lt;/div&gt;
  2674. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2675. &lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text4:0&quot;&gt;    &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;I.  Behavior Control&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text5:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text6:0&quot;&gt;    II. Information Control&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text7:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text8:0&quot;&gt;    III. Thought Control&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text9:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text10:0&quot;&gt;    IV. Emotional Control&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2676. &lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2677. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2678. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text14:0&quot;&gt;Behavior Control&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text15:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text17:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text18:0&quot;&gt;1. Regulate individual’s physical reality&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text19:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text20:0&quot;&gt;2. Dictate where, how, and with whom the member lives and associates or isolates&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text21:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text22:0&quot;&gt;3. When, how and with whom the member has sex&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text23:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text24:0&quot;&gt;4. Control types of clothing and hairstyles&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text25:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text26:0&quot;&gt;5. Regulate diet - food and drink, hunger and/or fasting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text27:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text28:0&quot;&gt;6. Manipulation and deprivation of sleep&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text29:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text30:0&quot;&gt;7. Financial exploitation, manipulation or dependence&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text31:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text32:0&quot;&gt;8. Restrict leisure, entertainment, vacation time&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text33:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text34:0&quot;&gt;9. Major time spent with group indoctrination and rituals and/or self indoctrination including the Internet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text35:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text36:0&quot;&gt;10. Permission required for major decisions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text37:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text38:0&quot;&gt;11. Thoughts, feelings, and activities (of self and others) reported to superiors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text39:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text40:0&quot;&gt;12. Rewards and punishments used to modify behaviors, both positive and negative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text41:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text42:0&quot;&gt;13. Discourage individualism, encourage group-think&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text43:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text44:0&quot;&gt;14. Impose rigid rules and regulations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text45:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text46:0&quot;&gt;15. Instill dependency and obedience&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text47:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text49:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text50:0&quot;&gt;Information Control&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text51:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text53:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text54:0&quot;&gt;1. Deception:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text55:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text56:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;   a. Deliberately withhold information&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text57:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text58:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   b. Distort information to make it more acceptable&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text59:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text60:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   c. Systematically lie to the cult member&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text61:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text62:0&quot;&gt;2. Minimize or discourage access to non-cult sources of information, including:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text63:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text64:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;   a. Internet, TV, radio, books, articles, newspapers, magazines, other media&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text65:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text66:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   b. Critical information&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text67:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text68:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   c. Former members&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text69:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text70:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;  d. Keep members busy so they don’t have time to think and investigate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text71:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text72:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   e. Control through cell phone with texting, calls, internet tracking&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text73:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text74:0&quot;&gt;3. Compartmentalize information into Outsider vs. Insider doctrines&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text75:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text76:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;   &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;a. Ensure that information is not freely accessible&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text77:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text78:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   b. Control information at different levels and missions within group&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text79:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text80:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   c. Allow only leadership to decide who needs to know what and when&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text81:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text82:0&quot;&gt;4. Encourage spying on other members&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text83:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text84:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;   a. Impose a buddy system to monitor and control member&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text85:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text86:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   b.Report deviant thoughts, feelings and actions to leadership&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text87:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text88:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;   c. Ensure that individual behavior is monitored by group&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text89:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text90:0&quot;&gt;5. Extensive use of cult-generated information and propaganda, including:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text91:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text92:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;   a. Newsletters, magazines, journals, audiotapes, videotapes, YouTube, movies and other media&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text93:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text94:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   b.Misquoting statements or using them out of context from non-cult sources&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text95:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text96:0&quot;&gt;6. Unethical use of confession&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text97:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text98:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;   a. Information about sins used to disrupt and/or dissolve identity boundaries&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text99:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text100:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   b. Withholding forgiveness or absolution&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text101:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text102:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   c. Manipulation of memory, possible false memories&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text103:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text105:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text106:0&quot;&gt;Thought Control&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text107:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text109:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text110:0&quot;&gt;1. Require members to internalize the group’s doctrine as truth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text111:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text112:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;   a. Adopting the group&#39;s ‘map of reality’ as reality&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text113:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text114:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   b. Instill black and white thinking&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text115:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text116:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   c. Decide between good vs. evil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text117:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text118:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   d. Organize people into us vs. them (insiders vs. outsiders)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text119:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text120:0&quot;&gt;2.Change person’s name and identity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text121:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text122:0&quot;&gt;3.  Use of loaded language and clichés which constrict knowledge, stop  critical thoughts and reduce complexities into platitudinous buzz words&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text123:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text124:0&quot;&gt;4. Encourage only ‘good and proper’ thoughts&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text125:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text126:0&quot;&gt;5. Hypnotic techniques are used to alter mental states, undermine critical thinking and even to age regress the member&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text127:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text128:0&quot;&gt;6. Memories are manipulated and false memories are created&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text129:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text130:0&quot;&gt;7.  Teaching thought-stopping techniques which shut down reality testing by  stopping negative thoughts and allowing only positive thoughts,  including:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text131:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text132:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;   a. Denial, rationalization, justification, wishful thinking&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text133:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text134:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   b. Chanting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text135:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text136:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   c. Meditating&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text137:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text138:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   d. Praying&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text139:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text140:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   e. Speaking in tongues&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text141:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text142:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   f. Singing or humming&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text143:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text144:0&quot;&gt;8. Rejection of rational analysis, critical thinking, constructive criticism&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text145:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text146:0&quot;&gt;9. Forbid critical questions about leader, doctrine, or policy allowed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text147:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text148:0&quot;&gt;10. Labeling alternative belief systems as illegitimate, evil, or not useful&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text149:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text151:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text152:0&quot;&gt;Emotional Control&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text153:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text155:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text156:0&quot;&gt;1. Manipulate and narrow the range of feelings – some emotions and/or needs are deemed as evil, wrong or selfish&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text157:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text158:0&quot;&gt;2. Teach emotion-stopping techniques to block feelings of homesickness, anger, doubt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text159:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text160:0&quot;&gt;3. Make the person feel that problems are always their own fault, never the leader’s or the group’s fault&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text161:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text162:0&quot;&gt;4. Promote feelings of guilt or unworthiness, such as&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text163:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text164:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;a. Identity guilt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text165:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text166:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   b. You are not living up to your potential&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text167:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text168:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   c. Your family is deficient&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text169:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text170:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   d. Your past is suspect&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text171:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text172:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   e. Your affiliations are unwise&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text173:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text174:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   f. Your thoughts, feelings, actions are irrelevant or selfish&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text175:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text176:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   g. Social guilt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text177:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text178:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   h. Historical guilt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text179:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text180:0&quot;&gt;5. Instill fear, such as fear of:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text181:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text182:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;a. Thinking independently&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text183:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text184:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   b. The outside world&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text185:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text186:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   c. Enemies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text187:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text188:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   d. Losing one’s salvation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text189:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text190:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   e. Leaving or being shunned by the group&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text191:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text192:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   f. Other’s disapproval&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text193:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text194:0&quot;&gt;6. Extremes of emotional highs and lows – love bombing and praise one moment and then declaring you are horrible sinner&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text195:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text196:0&quot;&gt;7. Ritualistic and sometimes public confession of sins&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text197:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text198:0&quot;&gt;8. Phobia indoctrination: inculcating irrational fears about leaving the group or questioning the leader’s authority&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text199:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text200:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   a. No happiness or fulfillment possible outside of the group&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text201:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text202:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;    b. Terrible consequences if you leave: hell, demon possession,  incurable diseases, accidents, suicide, insanity, 10,000 reincarnations,  etc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text203:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text204:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   c. Shunning of those who leave; fear of being rejected by friends, peers, and family&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text205:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text206:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;    d. Never a legitimate reason to leave; those who leave are weak,  undisciplined, unspiritual, worldly, brainwashed by family or counselor,  or seduced by money, sex, or rock and roll&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text207:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;K&amp;quot;}&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;UFICommentBody _1n4g&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text208:0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;   e. Threats of harm to ex-member and family&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2679. &lt;div data-reactid=&quot;.3yf.1:4:1:$replies10152891158845988_10152891734275988:0.1:2:$comment10152891158845988_10152891919985988:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.6&quot;&gt;
  2680. &lt;div&gt;
  2681. &lt;div class=&quot;_3-8y _2lhm&quot;&gt;
  2682. &lt;div&gt;
  2683. &lt;div&gt;
  2684. &lt;div class=&quot;_6m2 _1zpr clearfix _5cwb _4y_8 _pb2&quot; data-ft=&quot;{&amp;quot;tn&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;H&amp;quot;}&quot; id=&quot;u_jsonp_46_f&quot;&gt;
  2685. &lt;div class=&quot;clearfix _2r3x&quot;&gt;
  2686. &lt;div class=&quot;_42ef&quot;&gt;
  2687. &lt;span class=&quot;_3c21&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2688. &lt;div class=&quot;_3ekx&quot;&gt;
  2689. &lt;div class=&quot;_6m3&quot;&gt;
  2690. &lt;div class=&quot;mbs _6m6&quot;&gt;
  2691. &lt;/div&gt;
  2692. &lt;/div&gt;
  2693. &lt;/div&gt;
  2694. &lt;span class=&quot;_3c21&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2695. &lt;/div&gt;
  2696. &lt;/div&gt;
  2697. &lt;/div&gt;
  2698. &lt;/div&gt;
  2699. &lt;/div&gt;
  2700. &lt;/div&gt;
  2701. &lt;/div&gt;
  2702. </description><link>http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2015/07/cults-and-intelligent-sociopaths.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (william harryman)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13617569.post-227718232066779680</guid><pubDate>Sat, 30 May 2015 03:33:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2015-05-29T20:36:45.070-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">autoimmune disorders</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Health</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">inflammation</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">medicine</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Mosaic</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">research</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">vagus nerve</category><title>Hacking the Nervous System - Vagal Nerve Stimulation to Control Inflammation (from Mosaic)</title><description>From &lt;a href=&quot;http://mosaicscience.com/&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Mosaic&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, this is an excellent article on the medical aspect of polyvagal theory. Those who work in the psychological trauma field already know a little or a lot about polyvagal theory from the work of Stephen Porges (as well as Bessel van der Kolk and Peter Levine, who have done a lot to get Porges&#39; work better known) - see Porges&#39; &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0393707008/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;camp=1789&amp;amp;creative=390957&amp;amp;creativeASIN=0393707008&amp;amp;linkCode=as2&amp;amp;tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkId=RKXKCKO4XAC2RXGY&quot; id=&quot;static_txt_preview&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;The Polyvagal Theory: Neurophysiological Foundations of Emotions, Attachment, Communication, and Self-regulation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
  2703. &lt;br /&gt;
  2704. In this piece by Gaia Vince, the role of the vagus nerve in physical issues, such as autoimmune disorders is examined. Controlling inflammation through vagal stimulation could be a HUGE breakthrough in treating nearly all forms of disease (which are inflammatory illnesses at the molecular level).&lt;br /&gt;
  2705. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2706. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2707. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  2708. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2709. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://mosaicscience.com/sites/default/files/styles/mosaic_large/public/Vagus-Nerve-01v2__%28c%29-Job-Boot.jpg?itok=EQ10IYRi&quot; height=&quot;281&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2710. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2711. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;© Job Boot &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2712. &lt;h1&gt;
  2713. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://mosaicscience.com/story/hacking-nervous-system&quot;&gt;Hacking the nervous system&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
  2714. &lt;br /&gt;
  2715. &lt;br /&gt;
  2716. &lt;section class=&quot;abstract&quot;&gt;&lt;h3&gt;
  2717. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;One nerve connects your vital  organs, sensing and shaping your health. If we learn to control it, the  future of medicine will be electric.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
  2718. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2719. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;By Gaia Vince.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/section&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;                                         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2720. &lt;div class=&quot;pubdate&quot;&gt;
  2721. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;time datetime=&quot;1432594800&quot;&gt;26 May 2015&lt;/time&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2722. &lt;div class=&quot;pubdate&quot;&gt;
  2723. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2724. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2725. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;When Maria Vrind, a former gymnast from Volendam in the  Netherlands, found that the only way she could put her socks on in the  morning was to lie on her back with her feet in the air, she had to  accept that things had reached a crisis point. “I had become so stiff I  couldn’t stand up,” she says. “It was a great shock because I’m such an  active person.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2726. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2727. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;It was 1993. Vrind was in her late 40s and working two jobs,  athletics coach and a carer for disabled people, but her condition now  began taking over her life. “I had to stop my jobs and look for another  one as I became increasingly disabled myself.” By the time she was  diagnosed, seven years later, she was in severe pain and couldn’t walk  any more. Her knees, ankles, wrists, elbows and shoulder joints were hot  and inflamed. It was rheumatoid arthritis, a common but incurable  autoimmune disorder in which the body attacks its own cells, in this  case the lining of the joints, producing chronic inflammation and bone  deformity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2728. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2729. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Waiting rooms outside rheumatoid arthritis clinics used to be full of  people in wheelchairs. That doesn’t happen as much now because of a new  wave of drugs called biopharmaceuticals – such as highly targeted,  genetically engineered proteins – which can really help. Not everyone  feels better, however: even in countries with the best healthcare, at  least 50 per cent of patients continue to suffer symptoms.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2730. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2731. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Like many patients, Vrind was given several different medications,  including painkillers, a cancer drug called methotrexate to dampen her  entire immune system, and biopharmaceuticals to block the production of  specific inflammatory proteins. The drugs did their job well enough – at  least, they did until one day in 2011, when they stopped working.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2732. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2733. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;“I was on holiday with my family and my arthritis suddenly became  terrible and I couldn’t walk – my daughter-in-law had to wash me.” Vrind  was rushed to hospital, where she was hooked up to an intravenous drip  and given another cancer drug, one that targeted her white blood cells.  “It helped,” she admits, but she was nervous about relying on such a  drug long-term.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2734. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2735. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Luckily, she would not have to. As she was resigning herself to a  life of disability and monthly chemotherapy, a new treatment was being  developed that would profoundly challenge our understanding of how the  brain and body interact to control the immune system. It would open up a  whole new approach to treating rheumatoid arthritis and other  autoimmune diseases, using the nervous system to modify inflammation. It  would even lead to research into how we might use our minds to stave  off disease.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2736. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2737. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;And, like many good ideas, it came from an unexpected source.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2738. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2739. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  2740. &lt;div class=&quot;media media-element-container media-image_landscape&quot;&gt;
  2741. &lt;div class=&quot;file file-image file-image-jpeg&quot; id=&quot;file-2347--2&quot;&gt;
  2742. &lt;div class=&quot;content&quot;&gt;
  2743. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;media-element file-image-landscape&quot; src=&quot;http://mosaicscience.com/sites/default/files/styles/mosaic_landscape/public/Vagus-Nerve-02_%28c%29-Job-Boot.jpg?itok=a_9eGcst&quot; height=&quot;189&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2744. &lt;div class=&quot;image-credit&quot;&gt;
  2745. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;© Job Boot&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
  2746. &lt;/div&gt;
  2747. &lt;/div&gt;
  2748. &lt;/div&gt;
  2749. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2750. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2751. &lt;h3&gt;
  2752. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;The nerve hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
  2753. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Kevin Tracey, a neurosurgeon based in New  York, is a man haunted by personal events – a man with a mission. “My  mother died from a brain tumour when I was five years old. It was very  sudden and unexpected,” he says. “And I learned from that experience  that the brain – nerves – are responsible for health.” This drove his  decision to become a brain surgeon. Then, during his hospital training,  he was looking after a patient with serious burns who suddenly suffered  severe inflammation. “She was an 11-month-old baby girl called Janice  who died in my arms.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2754. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2755. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;These traumatic moments made him a neurosurgeon who thinks a lot  about inflammation. He believes it was this perspective that enabled him  to interpret the results of an accidental experiment in a new way.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2756. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2757. &lt;div class=&quot;&quot;&gt;
  2758. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;In the late 1990s, Tracey was experimenting with a rat’s  brain. “We’d injected an anti-inflammatory drug into the brain because  we were studying the beneficial effect of blocking inflammation during a  stroke,” he recalls. “We were surprised to find that when the drug was  present in the brain, it also blocked inflammation in the spleen and in  other organs in the rest of the body. Yet the amount of drug we’d  injected was far too small to have got into the bloodstream and  travelled to the rest of the body.”&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2759. &lt;div class=&quot;&quot;&gt;
  2760. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2761. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2762. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;After months puzzling over this, he finally hit upon the idea that  the brain might be using the nervous system – specifically the vagus  nerve – to tell the spleen to switch off inflammation everywhere.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2763. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2764. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;It was an extraordinary idea – if Tracey was right, inflammation in  body tissues was being directly regulated by the brain. Communication  between the immune system’s specialist cells in our organs and  bloodstream and the electrical connections of the nervous system had  been considered impossible. Now Tracey was apparently discovering that  the two systems were intricately linked.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2765. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2766. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;The first critical test of this exciting hypothesis was to cut the  vagus nerve. When Tracey and his team did, injecting the  anti-inflammatory drug into the brain no longer had an effect on the  rest of the body. The second test was to stimulate the nerve without any  drug in the system. “Because the vagus nerve, like all nerves,  communicates information through electrical signals, it meant that we  should be able to replicate the experiment by putting a nerve stimulator  on the vagus nerve in the brainstem to block inflammation in the  spleen,” he explains. “That’s what we did and that was the breakthrough  experiment.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2767. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2768. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  2769. &lt;div class=&quot;media media-element-container media-image_landscape&quot;&gt;
  2770. &lt;div class=&quot;file file-image file-image-jpeg&quot; id=&quot;file-2349--2&quot;&gt;
  2771. &lt;div class=&quot;content&quot;&gt;
  2772. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;media-element file-image-landscape&quot; src=&quot;http://mosaicscience.com/sites/default/files/styles/mosaic_landscape/public/Vagus-Nerve-03_%28c%29-Job-Boot.jpg?itok=BMwTraKp&quot; height=&quot;189&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2773. &lt;div class=&quot;image-credit&quot;&gt;
  2774. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;© Job Boot&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
  2775. &lt;/div&gt;
  2776. &lt;/div&gt;
  2777. &lt;/div&gt;
  2778. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2779. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2780. &lt;h3&gt;
  2781. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;The wandering nerve&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
  2782. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;The vagus nerve starts in the brainstem,  just behind the ears. It travels down each side of the neck, across the  chest and down through the abdomen. ‘Vagus’ is Latin for ‘wandering’ and  indeed this bundle of nerve fibres roves through the body, networking  the brain with the stomach and digestive tract, the lungs, heart,  spleen, intestines, liver and kidneys, not to mention a range of other  nerves that are involved in speech, eye contact, facial expressions and  even your ability to tune in to other people’s voices. It is made of  thousands and thousands of fibres and 80 per cent of them are sensory,  meaning that the vagus nerve reports back to your brain what is going on  in your organs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2783. &lt;br /&gt;
  2784. &lt;br /&gt;
  2785. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt; Operating far below the level of our conscious minds, the vagus nerve  is vital for keeping our bodies healthy. It is an essential part of the  parasympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for calming organs  after the stressed ‘fight-or-flight’ adrenaline response to danger. Not  all vagus nerves are the same, however: some people have stronger vagus  activity, which means their bodies can relax faster after a stress.&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2786. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2787. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;
  2788. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;The strength of your vagus response is known as your vagal tone and  it can be determined by using an electrocardiogram to measure heart  rate. Every time you breathe in, your heart beats faster in order to  speed the flow of oxygenated blood around your body. Breathe out and  your heart rate slows. This variability is one of many things regulated  by the vagus nerve, which is active when you breathe out but suppressed  when you breathe in, so the bigger your difference in heart rate when  breathing in and out, the higher your vagal tone.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2789. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2790. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Research shows that a high vagal tone makes your body better at  regulating blood glucose levels, reducing the likelihood of diabetes,  stroke and cardiovascular disease. Low vagal tone, however, has been  associated with chronic inflammation. As part of the immune system,  inflammation has a useful role helping the body to heal after an injury,  for example, but it can damage organs and blood vessels if it persists  when it is not needed. One of the vagus nerve’s jobs is to reset the  immune system and switch off production of proteins that fuel  inflammation. Low vagal tone means this regulation is less effective and  inflammation can become excessive, such as in Maria Vrind’s rheumatoid  arthritis or in toxic shock syndrome, which Kevin Tracey believes killed  little Janice.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2791. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2792. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Having found evidence of a role for the vagus in a range of chronic  inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, Tracey and his  colleagues wanted to see if it could become a possible route for  treatment. The vagus nerve works as a two-way messenger, passing  electrochemical signals between the organs and the brain. In chronic  inflammatory disease, Tracey figured, messages from the brain telling  the spleen to switch off production of a particular inflammatory  protein, tumour necrosis factor (TNF), weren’t being sent. Perhaps the  signals could be boosted?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2793. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2794. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;He spent the next decade meticulously mapping all the neural pathways  involved in regulating TNF, from the brainstem to the mitochondria  inside all our cells. Eventually, with a robust understanding of how the  vagus nerve controlled inflammation, Tracey was ready to test whether  it was possible to intervene in human disease.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2795. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2796. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  2797. &lt;div class=&quot;media media-element-container media-image_landscape&quot;&gt;
  2798. &lt;div class=&quot;file file-image file-image-jpeg&quot; id=&quot;file-2351--2&quot;&gt;
  2799. &lt;div class=&quot;content&quot;&gt;
  2800. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;media-element file-image-landscape&quot; src=&quot;http://mosaicscience.com/sites/default/files/styles/mosaic_landscape/public/Vagus-Nerve-04_%28c%29-Job-Boot.jpg?itok=jTXA0Jf_&quot; height=&quot;189&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2801. &lt;div class=&quot;image-credit&quot;&gt;
  2802. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;© Job Boot&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
  2803. &lt;/div&gt;
  2804. &lt;/div&gt;
  2805. &lt;/div&gt;
  2806. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2807. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2808. &lt;h3&gt;
  2809. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Stimulating trial&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
  2810. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;In the summer of 2011, Maria Vrind saw a  newspaper advertisement calling for people with severe rheumatoid  arthritis to volunteer for a clinical trial. Taking part would involve  being fitted with an electrical implant directly connected to the vagus  nerve. “I called them immediately,” she says. “I didn’t want to be on  anticancer drugs my whole life; it’s bad for your organs and not good  long-term.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2811. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2812. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Tracey had designed the trial with his collaborator, Paul-Peter Tak,  professor of rheumatology at the University of Amsterdam. Tak had long  been searching for an alternative to strong drugs that suppress the  immune system to treat rheumatoid arthritis. “The body’s immune response  only becomes a problem when it attacks your own body rather than alien  cells, or when it is chronic,” he reasoned. “So the question becomes:  how can we enhance the body’s switch-off mechanism? How can we drive  resolution?”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2813. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2814. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;When Tracey called him to suggest stimulating the vagus nerve might  be the answer by switching off production of TNF, Tak quickly saw the  potential and was enthusiastic to see if it would work. Vagal nerve  stimulation had already been approved in humans for epilepsy, so getting  approval for an arthritis trial would be relatively straightforward. A  more serious potential hurdle was whether people used to taking drugs  for their condition would be willing to undergo an operation to implant a  device inside their body: “There was a big question mark about whether  patients would accept a neuroelectric device like a pacemaker,” Tak  says.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2815. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2816. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;He needn’t have worried. More than a thousand people expressed  interest in the procedure, far more than were needed for the trial. In  November 2011, Vrind was the first of 20 Dutch patients to be operated  on.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2817. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2818. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;“They put the pacemaker on the left-hand side of my chest, with wires  that go up and attach to the vagus nerve in my throat,” she says. “I  waited two weeks while the area healed, and then the doctors switched it  on and adjusted the settings for me.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2819. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2820. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;She was given a magnet to swipe across her throat six times a day,  activating the implant and stimulating her vagus nerve for 30 seconds at  a time. The hope was that this would reduce the inflammatory response  in her spleen. As Vrind and the other trial participants were sent home,  it became a waiting game for Tracey, Tak and the team to see if the  theory, lab studies and animal trials would bear fruit in real patients.  “We hoped that for some, there would be an easing of their symptoms –  perhaps their joints would become a little less painful,” Tak says.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2821. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2822. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;At first, Vrind was a bit too eager for a miracle cure. She  immediately stopped taking her pills, but her symptoms came back so  badly that she was bedridden and in terrible pain. She went back on the  drugs and they were gradually reduced over a week instead.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2823. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2824. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;And then the extraordinary happened: Vrind experienced a recovery more remarkable than she or the scientists had dared hope for.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2825. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2826. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;“Within a few weeks, I was in a great condition,” she says. “I could  walk again and cycle, I started ice-skating again and got back to my  gymnastics. I feel so much better.” She is still taking methotrexate,  which she will need at a low dose for the rest of her life, but at 68,  semi-retired Vrind now plays and teaches seniors’ volleyball a couple of  hours a week, cycles for at least an hour every day, does gymnastics,  and plays with her eight grandchildren.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2827. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2828. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Other patients on the trial had similar transformative experiences.  The results are still being prepared for publication but Tak says more  than half of the patients showed significant improvement and around  one-third are in remission – in effect cured of their rheumatoid  arthritis. Sixteen of the 20 patients on the trial not only felt better,  but measures of inflammation in their blood also went down. Some are  now entirely drug-free. Even those who have not experienced clinically  significant improvements with the implant insist it helps them; nobody  wants it removed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2829. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2830. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;“We have shown very clear trends with stimulation of three minutes a  day,” Tak says. “When we discontinued stimulation, you could see disease  came back again and levels of TNF in the blood went up. We restarted  stimulation, and it normalised again.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2831. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2832. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Tak suspects that patients will continue to need vagal nerve  stimulation for life. But unlike the drugs, which work by preventing  production of immune cells and proteins such as TNF, vagal nerve  stimulation seems to restore the body’s natural balance. It reduces the  over-production of TNF that causes chronic inflammation but does not  affect healthy immune function, so the body can respond normally to  infection.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2833. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2834. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;“I’m really glad I got into the trial,” says Vrind. “It’s been more  than three years now since the implant and my symptoms haven’t returned.  At first I felt a pain in my head and throat when I used it, but within  a couple of days, it stopped. Now I don’t feel anything except a  tightness in my throat and my voice trembles while it’s working.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2835. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2836. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;“I have occasional stiffness or a little pain in my knee sometimes  but it’s gone in a couple of hours. I don’t have any side-effects from  the implant, like I had with the drugs, and the effect is not wearing  off, like it did with the drugs.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2837. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2838. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  2839. &lt;div class=&quot;media media-element-container media-image_landscape&quot;&gt;
  2840. &lt;div class=&quot;file file-image file-image-jpeg&quot; id=&quot;file-2353--2&quot;&gt;
  2841. &lt;div class=&quot;content&quot;&gt;
  2842. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;media-element file-image-landscape&quot; src=&quot;http://mosaicscience.com/sites/default/files/styles/mosaic_landscape/public/Vagus-Nerve-05_%28c%29-Job-Boot.jpg?itok=5uSRaGnB&quot; height=&quot;189&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2843. &lt;div class=&quot;image-credit&quot;&gt;
  2844. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;© Job Boot&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
  2845. &lt;/div&gt;
  2846. &lt;/div&gt;
  2847. &lt;/div&gt;
  2848. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2849. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2850. &lt;h3&gt;
  2851. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Raising the tone&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
  2852. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Having an electrical device surgically  implanted into your neck for the rest of your life is a serious  procedure. But the technique has proved so successful – and so appealing  to patients – that other researchers are now looking into using vagal  nerve stimulation for a range of other chronic debilitating conditions,  including inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, diabetes, chronic fatigue  syndrome and obesity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2853. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2854. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  2855. &lt;br /&gt;
  2856. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt; But what about people who just have low vagal tone, whose physical  and mental health could benefit from giving it a boost? Low vagal tone  is associated with a range of health risks, whereas people with high  vagal tone are not just healthier, they’re also socially and  psychologically stronger – better able to concentrate and remember  things, happier and less likely to be depressed, more empathetic and  more likely to have close friendships.&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2857. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2858. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;
  2859. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Twin studies show that to a certain extent, vagal tone is genetically  predetermined – some people are born luckier than others. But low vagal  tone is more prevalent in those with certain lifestyles – people who do  little exercise, for example. This led psychologists at the University  of North Carolina at Chapel Hill to wonder if the relationship between  vagal tone and wellbeing could be harnessed without the need for  implants.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2860. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2861. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;In 2010, Barbara Fredrickson and Bethany Kok recruited around 70  university staff members for an experiment. Each volunteer was asked to  record the strength of emotions they felt every day. Vagal tone was  measured at the beginning of the experiment and at the end, nine weeks  later. As part of the experiment, half of the participants were taught a  meditation technique to promote feelings of goodwill towards themselves  and others.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2862. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2863. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Those who meditated showed a significant rise in vagal tone, which  was associated with reported increases in positive emotions. “That was  the first experimental evidence that if you increased positive emotions  and that led to increased social closeness, then vagal tone changed,”  Kok says.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2864. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2865. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Now at the Max Planck Institute in Germany, Kok is conducting a much  larger trial to see if the results they found can be replicated. If so,  vagal tone could one day be used as a diagnostic tool. In a way, it  already is. “Hospitals already track heart-rate variability – vagal tone  – in patients that have had a heart attack,” she says, “because it is  known that having low variability is a risk factor.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2866. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2867. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;The implications of being able to simply and cheaply improve vagal  tone, and so relieve major public health burdens such as cardiovascular  conditions and diabetes, are enormous. It has the potential to  completely change how we view disease. If visiting your GP involved a  check on your vagal tone as easily as we test blood pressure, for  example, you could be prescribed therapies to improve it. But this is  still a long way off: “We don’t even know yet what a healthy vagal tone  looks like,” cautions Kok. “We’re just looking at ranges, we don’t have  precise measurements like we do for blood pressure.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2868. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2869. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;What seems more likely in the shorter term is that devices will be  implanted for many diseases that today are treated by drugs: “As the  technology improves and these devices get smaller and more precise,”  says Kevin Tracey, “I envisage a time where devices to control neural  circuits for bioelectronic medicine will be injected – they will be  placed either under local anaesthesia or under mild sedation.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2870. &lt;br /&gt;
  2871. &lt;br /&gt;
  2872. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt; However the technology develops, our understanding of how the body  manages disease has changed for ever. “It’s become increasingly clear  that we can’t see organ systems in isolation, like we did in the past,”  says Paul-Peter Tak. “We just looked at the immune system and therefore  we have medicines that target the immune system.&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2873. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2874. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;
  2875. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;“But it’s very clear that the human is one entity: mind and body are  one. It sounds logical but it’s not how we looked at it before. We  didn’t have the science to agree with what may seem intuitive. Now we  have new data and new insights.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2876. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2877. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;And Maria Vrind, who despite severe rheumatoid arthritis can now  cycle pain-free around Volendam, has a new lease of life: “It’s not a  miracle – they told me how it works through electrical impulses – but it  feels magical. I don’t want them to remove it ever. I have my life  back!”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2878. &lt;ul class=&quot;story-contributors&quot; id=&quot;story-contributors&quot;&gt;
  2879. &lt;li&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;byline&quot;&gt;
  2880. &lt;div class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;
  2881. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;role&quot;&gt;Author&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;a class=&quot;fn url&quot; href=&quot;http://mosaicscience.com/people/gaiavince&quot; rel=&quot;author&quot;&gt;Gaia Vince&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2882. &lt;/div&gt;
  2883. &lt;/li&gt;
  2884. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;
  2885. &lt;li&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;byline&quot;&gt;
  2886. &lt;div class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;
  2887. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;role&quot;&gt;Editor&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;a class=&quot;fn url&quot; href=&quot;http://mosaicscience.com/people/michaelregnier&quot;&gt;Michael Regnier&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2888. &lt;/div&gt;
  2889. &lt;/li&gt;
  2890. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;
  2891. &lt;li&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;byline&quot;&gt;
  2892. &lt;div class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;
  2893. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;role&quot;&gt;Fact checker&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;span class=&quot;fn url&quot;&gt;Laura Dawes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2894. &lt;/div&gt;
  2895. &lt;/li&gt;
  2896. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;
  2897. &lt;li&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;byline&quot;&gt;
  2898. &lt;div class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;
  2899. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;role&quot;&gt;Copyeditor&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;a class=&quot;fn url&quot; href=&quot;http://mosaicscience.com/people/tomfreeman&quot;&gt;Tom Freeman&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2900. &lt;/div&gt;
  2901. &lt;/li&gt;
  2902. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;
  2903. &lt;li&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;byline&quot;&gt;
  2904. &lt;div class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;
  2905. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;role&quot;&gt;Illustrator&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;span class=&quot;fn url&quot;&gt;Job Boot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2906. &lt;/div&gt;
  2907. &lt;/li&gt;
  2908. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;
  2909. &lt;li&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;byline&quot;&gt;
  2910. &lt;div class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;
  2911. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;role&quot;&gt;Art director&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;a class=&quot;fn url&quot; href=&quot;http://mosaicscience.com/people/petabell&quot;&gt;Peta Bell&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2912. &lt;/div&gt;
  2913. &lt;/li&gt;
  2914. &lt;/ul&gt;
  2915. </description><link>http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2015/05/hacking-nervous-system-vagal-nerve.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (william harryman)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13617569.post-3475878630385198493</guid><pubDate>Fri, 29 May 2015 02:52:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2015-05-28T19:55:17.401-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">betrayal</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">betrayal trauma</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">DARVO</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">perpetrators</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Psychology</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">sexual abuse</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">trauma</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">victim blaming</category><title>How Perpetrators Make Themselves the Vicitms: &quot;Deny, Attack, and Reverse Victim and Offender&quot; (DARVO) </title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2916. &lt;img alt=&quot;http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cSU4U35BiU0/U6cTb3kYFPI/AAAAAAAAAXM/munGnFt9_Ew/s1600/Blind-Betrayal-Ourselves-Arent-Fooled.jpg&quot; src=&quot;http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cSU4U35BiU0/U6cTb3kYFPI/AAAAAAAAAXM/munGnFt9_Ew/s1600/Blind-Betrayal-Ourselves-Arent-Fooled.jpg&quot; /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
  2917. &lt;br /&gt;
  2918. It&#39;s a well-known feature of perpetrators that they generally deny what they have done, attack the accusers (often attempting to destroy their character), and then reverse the situation so that they claim to be the victims.&lt;br /&gt;
  2919. &lt;br /&gt;
  2920. If you have any doubt about this, look closely at EVERY situation in which Marc Gafni has been accused of sexually inappropriate relationships with his students (often two or more at a time), which includes forcing them to lie about the relationships and controlling their contact with others outside his circle of trust.&lt;br /&gt;
  2921. &lt;br /&gt;
  2922. Psychologist &lt;a href=&quot;http://pages.uoregon.edu/dynamic/jjf/index.html&quot;&gt;Jennifer J. Freyd&lt;/a&gt;, at the University of Oregon, has detailed this behavior in a model she calls &lt;a href=&quot;http://dynamic.uoregon.edu/jjf/defineDARVO.html&quot;&gt;DARVO = Deny, Attack, and Reverse Victim and Offender&lt;/a&gt;. What follows comes from her web page on this topic. Freyd is one of the world&#39;s experts on &lt;a href=&quot;http://pages.uoregon.edu/dynamic/jjf/defineBT.html&quot;&gt;betrayal trauma&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
  2923. &lt;br /&gt;
  2924. Her books include:&lt;br /&gt;
  2925. &lt;ul&gt;
  2926. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0470604409/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;camp=1789&amp;amp;creative=390957&amp;amp;creativeASIN=0470604409&amp;amp;linkCode=as2&amp;amp;tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkId=OO5UU7U2DEKM3KDE&quot; id=&quot;static_txt_preview&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Blind to Betrayal: Why We Fool Ourselves We Aren&#39;t Being Fooled&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;(2013)&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  2927. &lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0674068068/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;camp=1789&amp;amp;creative=390957&amp;amp;creativeASIN=0674068068&amp;amp;linkCode=as2&amp;amp;tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkId=7XI4ZMXACTKQ6VXO&quot; id=&quot;static_txt_preview&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Betrayal Trauma: The Logic of Forgetting Childhood Abuse&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (1998, reprint edition)&lt;/li&gt;
  2928. &lt;/ul&gt;
  2929. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Citation:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2930. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;Freyd, J.J. (2014). &lt;i&gt;What is DARVO?&lt;/i&gt; Retrieved 5.28.2015
  2931.  from &lt;a href=&quot;http://pages.uoregon.edu/dynamic/jjf/defineDARVO.html&quot;&gt;http://pages.uoregon.edu/dynamic/jjf/defineDARVO.html&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2932. &lt;br /&gt;
  2933. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2934. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pages.uoregon.edu/dynamic/jjf/defineDARVO.html&quot;&gt;What is DARVO?&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jennifer J. Freyd, University of Oregon &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Short Definition &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;DARVO refers to a reaction perpetrators of wrong doing, particularly sexual offenders, may display in response to being held accountable for their behavior. DARVO stands for &quot;Deny, Attack, and Reverse Victim and Offender.&quot; The perpetrator or offender may Deny the behavior, Attack the individual doing the confronting, and Reverse the roles of Victim and Offender such that the perpetrator assumes the victim role and turns the true victim -- or the whistle blower -- into an alleged offender. This occurs, for instance, when an actually guilty perpetrator assumes the role of &quot;falsely accused&quot; and attacks the accuser&#39;s credibility or even blames the accuser of being the perpetrator of a false accusation.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2935. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2936. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Disclaimers &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2937. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  2938. &lt;ul&gt;
  2939. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;DARVO as a concept is based on observation and analysis. The author has not completed systematic empirical research testing the coherence or frequency of DARVO. However, research is currently in progress in the author&#39;s laboratory at the University of Oregon.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  2940. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Other observers have likely noted the same phenomena and related phenomena using different terms; the author has been informed that some people have found the term DARVO a helpful mnemonic and organizing concept.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  2941. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Also the presence of DARVO is not necessarily evidence in support of the accusation of guilt; a truly innocent person may deny an accusation, attack the person making the accusation, or claim the victim role. Future research may be able to determine the probability of a DARVO response as a function of guilt or innocence. The author hypothesized that some sorts of denials and reactions such as DARVO are more likely when the perpetrator is guilty than innocent (Freyd, 1997); however this hypothesis has not yet been tested. Furthermore, even if research indicates that a DARVO reaction is more likely when there is actual guilt, it would be an error to use a DARVO reaction as proof of guilt.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  2942. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;For now the concept of DARVO is offered as potentially memorable and useful term for anticipating the behavior of perpetrators when held accountable, and for making sense of responses that may otherwise be confusing (particularly when victim and offender get reversed). Research is needed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  2943. &lt;/ul&gt;
  2944. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;History of Terminology &amp;amp; Writings about DARVO&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jennifer Freyd introduced the term &quot;DARVO&quot; near the end of a 1997 publication about her primary research focus, &quot;betrayal trauma theory.&quot; (For more on betrayal trauma theory, see &lt;a href=&quot;http://pages.uoregon.edu/dynamic/jjf/defineBT.html&quot;&gt;http://pages.uoregon.edu/dynamic/jjf/defineBT.html.)&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The reference for the 1997 article introducing the term is: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2945. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2946. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Freyd, J.J. (1997) &lt;a href=&quot;http://dynamic.uoregon.edu/jjf/articles/freyd97r.pdf&quot;&gt;Violations of power, adaptive blindness, and betrayal trauma theory&lt;/a&gt;. Feminism &amp;amp; Psychology, 7, 22-32. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2947. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;In that paper Freyd explained that DARVO responses may be effective for perpetrators. &quot;...I have observed that actual abusers threaten, bully and make a nightmare for anyone who holds them accountable or asks them to change their abusive behavior. This attack, intended to chill and terrify, typically includes threats of law suits, overt and covert attacks on the whistle-blower&#39;s credicility, and so on..... [T]he offender rapidly creates the impression that the abuser is the wronged one, while the victim or concerned observer is the offender. Figure and ground are completely reversed... The offender is on the offense and the person attempting to hold the offender accountable is put on the defense.&quot; (Freyd, 1997, p 29-30) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These ideas were further developed in an article by Veldhuis and Freyd (1999): &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2948. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2949. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Veldhuis, C. B., &amp;amp; Freyd, J. J. (1999). &lt;a href=&quot;http://dynamic.uoregon.edu/jjf/articles/vf99.pdf&quot;&gt;Groomed for silence, groomed for betrayal&lt;/a&gt;. In M. Rivera (Ed.), &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.amazon.com/Fragment-Feminist-Perspectives-Memory-Sexual/dp/0921881509/ref=as_sl_pc_ss_til?tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkCode=w01&amp;amp;linkId=BWNFBIHDVPO5UPHS&amp;amp;creativeASIN=0921881509&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Fragment by Fragment: Feminist Perspectives on Memory and Child Sexual Abuse&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (pp. 253-282). Charlottetown, PEI Canada: Gynergy Books. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2950. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;In the 1999 article Veldhuis and Freyd explore the separate components of DARVO, and they also note a connection between DARVO and &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dynamic.uoregon.edu/jjf/institutionalbetrayal/index.html&quot;&gt;betrayal blindness&lt;/a&gt;,&quot; a concept from &lt;a href=&quot;http://dynamic.uoregon.edu/jjf/defineBT.html&quot;&gt;betrayal trauma theory&lt;/a&gt; (Freyd, 1996). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2951. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2952. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&quot;By denying, attacking and reversing perpetrators into victims, reality gets even more confusing and unspeakable for the real victim. .... These perpetrator reactions increase the need for betrayal blindness. If the victim does speak out and gets this level of attack, she quickly gets the idea that silence is safer.&quot; (Veldhuis &amp;amp; Freyd, 1999. p 274).&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2953. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Since then the concept of DARVO has appeared in various writings, the most significant of which is our new book &lt;i&gt;Blind to Betraya&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;l&lt;/i&gt; (Freyd &amp;amp; Birrell, 2013). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2954. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sites.google.com/site/betrayalbook/&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://dynamic.uoregon.edu/images/betrayalcoverthumb.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2955. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0470604409/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;camp=1789&amp;amp;creative=390957&amp;amp;creativeASIN=0470604409&amp;amp;linkCode=as2&amp;amp;tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkId=OO5UU7U2DEKM3KDE&quot; id=&quot;static_txt_preview&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Blind to Betrayal: Why We Fool Ourselves We Aren&#39;t Being Fooled&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2956. &lt;br /&gt;
  2957. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;In Blind to Betrayal we urge institutions to cherish the whistle blower (see p. 173) and we offer suggestions for specific steps institutions can take to prevent and repair &lt;a href=&quot;http://dynamic.uoregon.edu/jjf/institutionalbetrayal/index.html&quot;&gt;institutional betraya&lt;/a&gt;l. In Blind to Betrayal we also talk about institutional denial which plays such a crucial role in instutional betrayal. DARVO is a particularly pernicious form of denial (see p 119 of Blind to Betrayal). &lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Two Common Types of Denial &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Two common forms of perpetrator (or bystander) denial are: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2958. &lt;ol&gt;
  2959. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;It didn&#39;t happen (an instance) or It rarely happens (a type of event)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  2960. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;It wasn&#39;t harmful&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  2961. &lt;/ol&gt;
  2962. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Put together they can take the form: &quot;It didn&#39;t happen, but if it did, it wasn&#39;t that bad&quot; or &quot;It rarely happens, but when it does it isn&#39;t harmful.&quot; The two claims both serve to deny, but they depend upon different sorts of evidence. They may both be true, but they are sometimes somewhat suspicious when claimed simultaneously (or by the same person at different times), as for instance can occur in response to allegations of rape or child sexual abuse.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2963. </description><link>http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2015/05/how-perpetrators-make-themselves.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (william harryman)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cSU4U35BiU0/U6cTb3kYFPI/AAAAAAAAAXM/munGnFt9_Ew/s72-c/Blind-Betrayal-Ourselves-Arent-Fooled.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13617569.post-397307998120309145</guid><pubDate>Thu, 21 May 2015 03:19:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2015-05-29T13:29:12.649-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Anamnesis</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">interview</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">kickstarter</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">lucid dreaming</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">lucid dreams</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">science fiction</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">web series</category><title>Arthur Gillard Interviews the Creators of the SF / Lucid Dreaming Web Series &quot;Anamnesis&quot;</title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2964. &lt;/div&gt;
  2965. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2966. &lt;img alt=&quot;http://www.world-of-lucid-dreaming.com/image-files/anamnesis-the-lucid-dreaming-web-series.jpg&quot; src=&quot;http://www.world-of-lucid-dreaming.com/image-files/anamnesis-the-lucid-dreaming-web-series.jpg&quot; height=&quot;281&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2967. &lt;br /&gt;
  2968. The following is a guest post from my friend Arthur Gillard. He recently interviewed the creators of the science fiction/lucid dreaming web series, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.anamnesis-series.com/&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Anamnesis&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Here is a brief synopsis of the series, from the website:&lt;br /&gt;
  2969. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  2970. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;When a woman dreams of her boyfriend’s death on the same night he’s  murdered, she and a group of strangers begin to unravel a greater  mystery by journeying into their subconscious.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  2971. An abbreviated version of this interview will appear soon in &lt;span class=&quot;_5yl5&quot; data-reactid=&quot;.1b0.$mid=11432176093493=2b13c33196deef32e09.2:0.0.0.0.0&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-reactid=&quot;.1b0.$mid=11432176093493=2b13c33196deef32e09.2:0.0.0.0.0.0&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dreaminglucid.com/&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lucid Dreaming Experience&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, a free online journal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  2972. &lt;br /&gt;
  2973. Enjoy the FULL interview! &lt;br /&gt;
  2974. &lt;br /&gt;
  2975. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2976. &lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  2977. &lt;a href=&quot;https://ksr-ugc.imgix.net/projects/393010/photo-original.png?v=1397803187&amp;amp;w=1536&amp;amp;h=1152&amp;amp;fit=crop&amp;amp;auto=format&amp;amp;lossless=true&amp;amp;s=e7ca3db5ff266c7d3103742bee2fc471&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Photo original&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;js-feature-image &quot; height=&quot;375&quot; src=&quot;https://ksr-ugc.imgix.net/projects/393010/photo-original.png?v=1397803187&amp;amp;w=1536&amp;amp;h=1152&amp;amp;fit=crop&amp;amp;auto=format&amp;amp;lossless=true&amp;amp;s=e7ca3db5ff266c7d3103742bee2fc471&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2978. &lt;br /&gt;
  2979. * * * * *&lt;/div&gt;
  2980. &lt;br /&gt;
  2981. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  2982. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Interview with the Creators of the SF/ Lucid Dreaming Web Series &lt;i&gt;Anamnesis&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; by Arthur Gillard&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2983. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  2984. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2985. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2986. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  2987. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Anamnesis&lt;/i&gt; is a science fiction web series about lucid dreaming based on an original short film of the same name. It has been getting a great deal of positive attention in the lucid dreaming community based on its accurate and realistic portrayal of lucid dreaming, as well as its compelling storyline, good acting, professional production values, and gorgeous cinematography. I had a chance recently to interview Alex Calleros, writer and director of the original short, and Michael Tucker, who co-wrote and co-directed the web series with Alex.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2988. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  2989. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2990. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2991. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  2992. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;The following interview may contain some spoilers, so I recommend watching the original short and the five episode web series before reading the interview. You can see &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o6ZpTI-3-dE&quot;&gt;the original short here&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VpUNBiufUY&quot;&gt;the web series here&lt;/a&gt;. Altogether it takes a little over an hour to watch.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2993. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  2994. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2995. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  2996. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  2997. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;You can find out more about the series by following them on &lt;a href=&quot;https://plus.google.com/u/0/b/109983471209536787389/+AnamnesisseriesLucidDreaming/about&quot;&gt;Google Plus&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/AnamnesisSeries&quot;&gt;Twitter&lt;/a&gt; [&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;@AnamnesisSeries]&lt;/span&gt;, or &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/AnamnesisWebseries&quot;&gt;Facebook&lt;/a&gt;, or via email at &lt;a href=&quot;mailto:info@finite-films.com&quot;&gt;info@finite-films.com&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  2998. &lt;br /&gt;
  2999. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;(&lt;b&gt;Disclosure:&lt;/b&gt; I&#39;ve agreed to manage the &lt;i&gt;Anamnesis&lt;/i&gt; Google Plus page on a volunteer basis, without compensation.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3000. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3001. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3002. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3003. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3004. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;docs-internal-guid-70527f35-4f1b-dc0b-7b&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;Arthur Gillard:&lt;/b&gt; Why did you decide to make a film/web series about lucid dreaming? Was it inspired by your own experiences with lucidity, or did you simply find the subject intriguing?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3005. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3006. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3007. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3008. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3009. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Alex Calleros: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;I’ve always been intrigued by the relationship between cinema and dreams. The experience of watching a film is often thought of as entering a sort of dream-state, and many of my favorite films play with questions of reality, consciousness, etc. &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;The Matrix, Inception, Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind&lt;/i&gt;—these films were huge influences for me as a filmmaker and I had always wanted to play in the world of dreams using cinema. So, when I had the opportunity to write and direct the short film in 2012, it was a chance to finally make a film that essentially takes place entirely in the dream world. One of my favorite films is &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;The Fountain&lt;/i&gt;, which explores the theme of death in an incredibly profound way, and that was also a huge influence on the short film.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3010. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3011. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3012. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3013. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3014. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Michael Tucker:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt; When we began thinking of how to continue the short film (which has a pretty definite conclusion), we played around with a lot of ideas. Alex’s close friend Gary Ruiz was very into lucid dreaming and had talked to Alex about it. The idea of becoming lucid within a dream world and being able to manipulate your surroundings fascinated us and seemed like a great concept to play with cinematically, as well as an idea we hadn’t seen done before. So we spent time researching lucid dreaming techniques and experiences, and grew attached to the idea of trying to portray the sensation of dreaming as accurately as possible. We didn’t want it to be blurry and fuzzy like how dreaming is often shown in TV shows, but we also didn’t want it to be as rigid and straight-forward as &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Inception&lt;/i&gt;. So finding that balance was our guiding light, and hopefully we achieved that to some degree.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3015. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3016. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3017. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3018. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3019. &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Arth&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;r:&lt;/b&gt; Could you explain the meaning of the word “anamnesis,” and how that relates to the themes explored in the series and the original short film?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3020. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3021. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3022. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3023. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3024. &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Alex: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;The Google definition of anamnesis is:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3025. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3026. &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;1) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;recollection, in particular&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3027. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3028. &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;2) the remembering of things from a supposed previous existence &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3029. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3030. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3031. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3032. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3033. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;I first discovered the word being used in a philosophical / spiritual context—anamnesis was used to describe the process of “awakening to” or “remembering” one’s true nature or identity. The original short film explores the theme of identity—who are you, &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;really? &lt;/i&gt;That’s the question being asked of the main character, Adam, throughout the short. His process of &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;remembering what he had forgotten&lt;/i&gt; forms the arc of the story, and I thought the word “anamnesis” represented that arc perfectly.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3034. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3035. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3036. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3037. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3038. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Arthur: &lt;/b&gt;How does the web series relate to the original short? Is it a straightforward continuation, or is it more like a reboot, a variation on a theme? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3039. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3040. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3041. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3042. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3043. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Michael: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;We wanted the web series to stand on its own for anyone who hadn’t seen the original short, but we also wanted people that had seen the short to be able to watch it as a continuation. So even though stylistically-speaking there are differences between them, story-wise we tried to make it as directly connected as we could. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3044. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3045. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3046. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3047. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3048. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Arthur: &lt;/b&gt;I understand that lucid dreaming expert and author Daniel Love consulted on the show. How did he get involved, and how closely did he work with you? Did he review scenes in the script and suggest changes? Did he suggest any details or scenes to include?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3049. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3050. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3051. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3052. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3053. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Michael: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Daniel Love contacted us after he stumbled upon our Kickstarter campaign. He had just finished his book on lucid dreaming, “Are You Dreaming?” and sent us free copies to check out. We also took him up on his offer to look over the scripts as we were finalizing them, and he made several suggestions of how to tweak things so that they would be more accurate. He explained some reality tests that we hadn’t heard of, and helped us pinpoint exactly where and when the characters might use them. And since the series has released, he’s connected us with a lot of the lucid dreaming community, which has been amazing. So overall Daniel Love was a really big help.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3054. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3055. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3056. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3057. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3058. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Arthur: &lt;/b&gt;Who among the cast and crew of Anamnesis is a lucid dreamer? Could you share some of your own lucid dreams? Please go into as much detail as you are willing. To what extent did lucid dreams of the cast and crew influence how dreams are portrayed? Did working on Anamnesis influence your dreams?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3059. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3060. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3061. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3062. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3063. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Alex:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt; Brad C. Wilcox, who plays Noah, had frequent lucid dreams for a period of his life. In fact, they had gotten so constant that he had to “cut back,” as he wasn’t feeling properly rested in the morning.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3064. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3065. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3066. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3067. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3068. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Michael:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt; Zach Brown plays Sean, the show’s expert lucid dreamer. To prepare for the role, Zach researched lucid dreaming and practiced it in his daily life. He would actually draw the letter “A” on his hand, as Sean does in the show, as a reminder to ask himself, “Am I awake?” He told us about a lucid dream he had in which Whoopi Goldberg was his dream guide. It sounded pretty awesome.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3069. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3070. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3071. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3072. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3073. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Alex: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;I had a really striking wake-induced lucid dream during the production of &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Anamnesis&lt;/i&gt;. I had woken up extra-early one morning, and as I was falling back asleep I managed to maintain awareness. I’ll never forget the moment I passed into the dream state: all at once, I felt my body &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;launch &lt;/i&gt;off the bed and hover for a moment near the ceiling of my bedroom. I passed through some sort of portal and found myself floating above the swimming pool in my childhood backyard in Arizona. I didn’t really have any control over what was happening; I was just along for the ride. My dream body plunged into the pool, where I was delighted to find I could breathe underwater. I looked up and watched in awe as raindrops created thousands of intricate ripples on the surface of the water. A red Arizona dust storm colored the sunlight filtering into the water. It was one of the most vibrant, beautiful visions I’ve ever had...so beautiful that I got excited and promptly woke up. But that one really stuck with me.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3074. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3075. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3076. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3077. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3078. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Michael: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;The only lucid dream that I can for sure say was me becoming lucid happened during the midst of shooting the series. Between researching lucid dreaming, and writing the scripts, and then filming all the scenes, all of that information was swirling around in my head all the time. In my dream, I was in my high school cafeteria, looking around, when suddenly I remembered one of the reality tests that the character Hannah does in the show. She pinches her nose with her fingers in such a way that she shouldn’t be able to breathe in—but she can. So I thought, “eh, may as well give it a try and see what happens.” So I pinched my nose and then breathed in—and it worked! I suddenly realized I was dreaming, and immediately did a slow-motion backflip into the air and started to fly. I remember I knew exactly how to control my body in flight, how to turn, spin, everything. Unfortunately I became really overwhelmed by the excitement of it all. I tried to calm myself down so I wouldn’t wake up, but it was all too much and I woke up almost immediately after I started flying. It was a pretty awesome experience.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3079. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3080. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3081. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3082. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3083. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Arthur: &lt;/b&gt;I found the original short film particularly moving. The repeated inquiries into Adam&#39;s true identity and the suggestion that he was now “who he had always been” were suggestive and yet open to interpretation by the viewer—almost like a Zen koan, inviting a deeper look at one&#39;s own ultimate identity. Did any particular spiritual tradition or school of thought inform the original short film?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3084. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3085. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3086. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3087. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3088. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Alex: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;We made the short film as part of this year-long project where we asked our audience to send us 1-sentence constraints that we’d have to follow in our next film. One of the constraints for &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Anamnesis &lt;/i&gt;was: “The dialogue from one scene must be exactly the same in one scene as it is in another,” which fortuitously led to the idea of posing this question “Who are you?” to Adam throughout the movie. I definitely wanted to tap into a “Zen koan” feel with those repeated inquiries. Only at the end does he understand the at-first puzzling answer, “You’re who you’ve always been.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3089. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3090. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3091. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3092. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3093. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Over the past several years, I’ve been really interested in Western-born philosophers who take the deep wisdom embedded in Eastern religions (Buddhism in particular) and translate/update them for the modern age. Alan Watts was one of the first to do this in the 50’s and 60’s, and hundreds of audio recordings of his wonderful lectures are widely available online today. Listening to him speak is both enlightening and incredibly fun (he’s got a delightful British accent and a sharp sense of humor). I’m also very interested in the work of American philosopher Ken Wilber, who has pioneered a movement to see the world “integrally,” integrating the truths of science, psychology, art, spirituality, etc. I believe I actually discovered the word “anamnesis” while reading an article by Wilber.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3094. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3095. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3096. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3097. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3098. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Arthur: &lt;/b&gt;In the original short, Hannah is seemingly portrayed as a powerful lucid dreamer, for example creating portals from one dream scene to another. “I know my way around in here,” she remarks to Adam at one point. In the series, it&#39;s less clear that she&#39;s lucid dreaming. Based on the short film I see her in the series as dreaming lucidly, probably assuming that Sean is a character in her dreams. Is that an accurate interpretation? Will we see Hannah coming forth again as a powerful lucid dreamer in her own right in future episodes?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3099. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3100. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3101. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3102. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3103. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Alex: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;I’ll be honest, when we made the short film, we weren’t even sure Hannah was a “real” character or simply a figment of Adam’s imagination fashioned after his memory of Hannah. Once we had the opportunity to create a web series based on the short, we came up with the premise that it &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;was &lt;/i&gt;actually the real Hannah, and that she was somehow sharing a dream with Adam. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3104. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3105. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3106. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3107. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3108. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;All that said, I’d argue that Hannah &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;wasn’t &lt;/i&gt;particularly lucid in the short film. She “knew her way around” and kind of went with the flow, but really it was Adam’s subconscious driving the whole dream forward, she was just along for the ride. When she wakes up in Episode 01 of the web series, Hannah has a very foggy memory of the dream, and only remembers it in flashes when she comes across dream signs in her waking life (the water glass spilling, the copy shop, etc.), which further suggests she wasn’t fully lucid.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3109. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3110. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3111. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3112. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3113. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;The first time I think Hannah actually becomes lucid in the series is Episode 04, when Sean calls to her attention that they’re in a dream and teaches her about reality tests. In a lot of ways, the long-term trajectory we see for the characters in &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Anamnesis&lt;/i&gt; is a journey from being “asleep” to becoming “lucid” or “awake”—in more ways than one.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3114. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3115. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3116. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3117. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3118. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Arthur: &lt;/b&gt;I&#39;ve recently finished re-reading Patricia Garfield&#39;s excellent book &lt;i&gt;The Dream Messenger: How Dreams of the Departed Bring Healing Gifts&lt;/i&gt;, which explores the various kinds of dreams people have after a loved one has died, and the role such dreams play in the healing process. This seems like a rich potential territory to explore in &lt;i&gt;Anamnesis&lt;/i&gt;. Might Adam start showing up in Hannah&#39;s or Vera&#39;s dreams in future episodes? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3119. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3120. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3121. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3122. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3123. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Alex: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;We’ve definitely talked about this as a possibility. We’d love to bring Adam back in some fashion. If Hannah continues to become more lucid in the dream world, it’s kind of inevitable that he’ll show up in some form or another.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3124. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3125. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3126. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3127. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3128. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Arthur: &lt;/b&gt;Is there any significance to the names of the characters? “Vera,” for example, reminded me of veritas, truth, the idea that “the truth shall set you free.” She certainly seems happy to break rules in an attempt to uncover the truth.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3129. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3130. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3131. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3132. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3133. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Michael: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;In general we didn’t choose the character names specifically because of their meanings. For the most part, we based it on which names sounded good and felt like they matched the characters. Vera is a name I’ve always liked, both because of how it sounds and because of its meaning, and I think it fits Vera’s character really well for exactly the reason you mentioned. Noah’s name is also an obvious reference, but that wasn’t the only reason we chose it for him. We love it when elements of a story can have deeper meanings, but I also think you can go overboard with that to the point that it’s hitting the audience over the head with it. &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Inception&lt;/i&gt;, for instance, is not subtle at all when it comes to character names having deeper meanings—which while cool, I found more distracting than anything else.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3134. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3135. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3136. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3137. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3138. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Arthur: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Whereas the original short is completely self-contained, the series continues to get more complex and mysterious episode-by-episode, leaving the viewer hungry for more. Are you planning to make more episodes? If so, do you have an overall story arc in mind for the show? Can you say anything about specific ideas or themes you&#39;d like to explore in future episodes?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3139. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3140. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3141. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3142. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3143. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Alex: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;When we were brainstorming what we wanted to do with the web series, one of our main inspirations was &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Lost&lt;/i&gt;, which unraveled an incredibly intricate mystery over several seasons. We wanted to see if we could pull off the same kind of science-fiction mystery in the world of lucid dreaming—but actually know where it was all going, from the very first episode. So yes, we definitely have an overall story arc in mind for the show. It will probably change and evolve if we get to make more episodes, but there are clues hidden as early as Episode 01 as to what’s coming next.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3144. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3145. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3146. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3147. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3148. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Arthur: &lt;/b&gt;You explore a number of dream themes in the series—lucid dreaming, of course, but also night terrors and out-of-body experiences. In future episodes, do you plan to explore a greater variety of dream and dreamlike states, such as false awakenings, sleep paralysis, hypnagogia? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3149. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3150. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3151. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3152. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3153. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Michael&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;: If we get to make more episodes we would absolutely want to explore more of these dream / dreamlike states. I get excited about there being so many interesting experiences to be played with, that they all lend themselves so well to film. The medium of film can convey the dream experience better than any other, in my opinion, and we have a lot of fun as filmmakers coming up with ways to translate these dream experiences to the screen. In particular, I find the idea of sleep paralysis terrifying...so it’d be fun to play with that on screen.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3154. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3155. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3156. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3157. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3158. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Arthur: &lt;/b&gt;The first season of &lt;i&gt;Anamnesis&lt;/i&gt; was made possible through a highly successful Kickstarter campaign, in which you raised 151% of the money you were asking for. If you make more episodes, how do you plan to finance them? How can fans of the series support you in making more episodes? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3159. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3160. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3161. &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Michael: &lt;/b&gt;Figuring out how to finance more episodes is the main challenge we’re facing right now. It blew us away that we surpassed our funding goal on Kickstarter, and we combined that with funding from FilmSkillet.com, whose founder, Jeremy Norris, reached out to us and essentially convinced us to make the web series in the first place. But even with these combined funds, &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Anamnesis&lt;/i&gt; was primarily a labor of love. We didn’t have enough to pay most of the cast and crew, and almost all of the money went to locations, food, and equipment rentals.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3162. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3163. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3164. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3165. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3166. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;If we were to make more, we would have to be able to pay all the cast and crew for the excellent work that they do. And considering the first five episodes are about 70 minutes long, each season is essentially a feature film. So we would need the budget of an indie feature film. Crowdfunding a next season would definitely be an option, but we’re also trying to reach out to websites like Vimeo, for example, who are getting into the original content market. Having a distributor for the series that could also help fund another season would be absolutely great. So the best thing fans can do to help us make more episodes is share the series with anyone and everyone. The more we can show that we have a large group of dedicated fans, the more likely we can raise money via crowdfunding and the easier it would be to convince a potential distribution partner.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3167. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3168. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3169. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3170. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3171. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Arthur: &lt;/b&gt;What do you think of YouTube&#39;s plan to start offering an ad-free subscription service? How might that affect Finite Films? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3172. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3173. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3174. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3175. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3176. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Michael: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;I understand that YouTube has been trying to figure out how to make a profit since they first began, but this feels somewhat like a betrayal of what has made YouTube so popular in the first place. There is a freedom and accessibility that YouTube has (which admittedly comes with some chaos and a lot of junk) that I think may be tainted by a subscription fee. Especially if they keep forcing unskippable ads onto every video to make the viewing experience more unpleasant in order to convince people to pay the subscription fee.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3177. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3178. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3179. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3180. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3181. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;On the other hand, if it means that they’re helping content creators like ourselves get something more out of it (financially speaking), then perhaps they’re incentivizing and enabling people to make more quality content. Ultimately I think it will depend largely on how much the subscription fee is, and how optional they make it feel. If it’s $2.99 a month, maybe that’s an okay deal that feels worthwhile; if it’s $19.99 a month and every YouTube video has a 2-minute unskippable ad—then I think that will be bad for views, for content creators, and for YouTube. I guess we’ll just have to wait and see.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3182. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3183. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3184. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3185. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3186. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Arthur: &lt;/b&gt;What has been the reaction of the lucid dreaming community to &lt;i&gt;Anamnesis&lt;/i&gt;? How do people without prior experience with lucid dreaming react to the show?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3187. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3188. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3189. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3190. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3191. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Alex: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Honestly, we’ve been blown away by the reception we’ve had in the lucid dreaming community. We wanted &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Anamnesis&lt;/i&gt; to represent the experience of lucid dreaming in a more accurate way than we’d seen in other films and TV shows, and so to have such a positive response from the community has been incredible. Our fans in the lucid dreaming community really are the primary reason we want to find a way to finance and produce more episodes. We’ve also had great responses from our non-lucid-dreamer fans, and we’re now looking to try to expand our audience beyond the lucid dreaming niche into communities that value thoughtful science fiction / drama storytelling.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3192. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3193. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3194. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3195. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3196. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Arthur: &lt;/b&gt;Are there any particular resources—books, websites, etc.—that you would recommend to people wanting to more deeply explore lucid dreaming?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3197. &lt;br /&gt;
  3198. &lt;b&gt;Alex:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.amazon.com/Are-You-Dreaming-Exploring-Comprehensive/dp/0957497709/ref=as_sl_pc_ss_til?tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkCode=w01&amp;amp;linkId=AG3ZKLKIY4723KAR&amp;amp;creativeASIN=0957497709&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Are You Dreaming&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt; by Daniel Love provides a great introduction to the world of lucid dreaming. He developed the CAT (Cycle Adjustment Technique) for generating frequent lucid dreams, which he outlines in his book. Our friend Jay Mutzafi (aka Lucid Sage and host of The Lucid Dreaming Podcast) highly recommends Stephen LaBerge’s &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.amazon.com/Lucid-Dreaming-Concise-Awakening-Dreams/dp/159179675X/ref=as_sl_pc_ss_til?tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkCode=w01&amp;amp;linkId=IZRA2SXZ46HXZCQQ&amp;amp;creativeASIN=159179675X&quot;&gt;Lucid Dreaming: AConcise Guide to Awakening in Your Dreams and in Your Life&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; as a great place to start one’s lucid dreaming practice. And finally, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.world-of-lucid-dreaming.com/&quot;&gt;www.world-of-lucid-dreaming.com&lt;/a&gt; has a ton of resources for anyone looking to lucid dream.&lt;br /&gt;
  3199. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3200. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3201. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3202. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3203. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Arthur: &lt;/b&gt;Thank you for producing such an excellent short film and web series, and in particular for the realistic portrayal of lucid dreaming. I wish you great success and will certainly be doing my part to help spread the word. Is there anything we haven&#39;t covered in the interview that you would like to add?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3204. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3205. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3206. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3207. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3208. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Alex: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;We’ve had a lot of people ask us if they can buy Season One of the series on DVD, and we’re currently putting together a DVD / Digital Download package that will include some exclusive special features. For updates on all things &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Anamnesis&lt;/i&gt;, people can follow us on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/AnamnesisWebseries&quot;&gt;Facebook&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/AnamnesisSeries&quot;&gt;Twitter &lt;/a&gt;[@AnamnesisSeries], and &lt;a href=&quot;https://plus.google.com/u/0/b/109983471209536787389/+AnamnesisseriesLucidDreaming/about&quot;&gt;Google Plus&lt;/a&gt; (and subscribe to our channel, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/user/finitefilms&quot;&gt;Finite Films&lt;/a&gt;, on YouTube).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3209. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3210. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3211. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3212. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3213. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;From the very beginning, &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Anamnesis&lt;/i&gt; has been a true labor of love and we’ve only made it this far because of the support of our fans. If anyone has any ideas or suggestions for how we can continue to reach out to the lucid dreaming community and rally support for future seasons, don’t hesitate to shoot us an email at &lt;a href=&quot;mailto:info@finite-films.com&quot;&gt;info@finite-films.com&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3214. &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyText&quot;&gt;
  3215. &lt;br style=&quot;mso-special-character: line-break;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3216. </description><link>http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2015/05/arthur-gillard-interviews-creators-of.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (william harryman)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13617569.post-6387651328368404422</guid><pubDate>Sat, 11 Apr 2015 23:51:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2015-04-11T16:51:01.804-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">brain</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">cognitive science</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">embodiment</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">George Lakoff</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">language</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">linguistics</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">metaphor</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">neuroscience</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Psychology</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">thought</category><title>George Lakoff: How Brains Think: The Embodiment Hypothesis </title><description>&lt;center&gt;
  3217. &lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;281&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/WuUnMCq-ARQ?rel=0&quot; width=&quot;500&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/center&gt;
  3218. &lt;br /&gt;
  3219. &lt;b&gt;Published on Apr 7, 2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3220. &lt;br /&gt;
  3221. Keynote address recorded March 14, 2015 at the inaugural &lt;a href=&quot;http://icps.psychologicalscience.org/&quot;&gt;International Convention of Psychological Science&lt;/a&gt; in Amsterdam.&lt;br /&gt;
  3222. &lt;br /&gt;
  3223. Saturday, 14 March 2015&lt;br /&gt;
  3224. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;img src=&quot;http://www.psychologicalscience.org/convention/images/icps/lakoff_george.jpg&quot; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;George Lakoff &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Departments of Linguistics and Cognitive Science, University of California, Berkeley, USA &lt;br /&gt;
  3225. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  3226. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;How do we answer the question, “How are thought and language constituted by the brain’s neural circuitry?” Neuroscience alone cannot answer this question. The field that studies the details of embodied conceptual systems and their expression in language is cognitive linguistics. In a book (in preparation with Srini Narayanan) we propose a neural computational “bridging model” as a way to answer the question. The talk gives illustrative details. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; George Lakoff is a world-renowned cognitive linguist whose work reaches beyond the area of linguistics to provide groundbreaking insights into the realms of neuroscience and cognitive psychology as well. He is a pioneer in the multidisciplinary theory of the embodied mind, the idea that higher-order aspects of cognition are rooted in and constrained by bodily features such as the motor and perceptual systems. Additionally, his metaphor theory and insight into morally based framing, in which ideas are conveyed using very specific language that is tied to a larger conceptual framework such as freedom or equality, have made him a go-to strategist for politicians. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3227. Read more about &lt;a href=&quot;http://icps.psychologicalscience.org/keynote-speakers/#lakoff&quot;&gt; George Lakoff&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Books by George Lakoff that might be of interest.&lt;br /&gt;
  3228. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  3229. &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0226468011/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;camp=1789&amp;amp;creative=390957&amp;amp;creativeASIN=0226468011&amp;amp;linkCode=as2&amp;amp;tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkId=5ZIS3KNDO3PFQR2D&quot; id=&quot;static_txt_preview&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Metaphors We Live By&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (2003, updated reissue)&lt;br /&gt;
  3230. &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0465037704/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;camp=1789&amp;amp;creative=390957&amp;amp;creativeASIN=0465037704&amp;amp;linkCode=as2&amp;amp;tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkId=F3GRNZCEC6UXUWLZ&quot; id=&quot;static_txt_preview&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Where Mathematics Comes From: How The Embodied Mind Brings Mathematics Into Being&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (2000) &lt;br /&gt;
  3231. &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0465056741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;camp=1789&amp;amp;creative=390957&amp;amp;creativeASIN=0465056741&amp;amp;linkCode=as2&amp;amp;tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkId=DVFZVZT5FORZ5KNL&quot; id=&quot;static_txt_preview&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Philosophy in the Flesh: the Embodied Mind &amp;amp; its Challenge to Western Thought&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (1999) </description><link>http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2015/04/george-lakoff-how-brains-think.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (william harryman)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://img.youtube.com/vi/WuUnMCq-ARQ/default.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13617569.post-14398566875435146</guid><pubDate>Sat, 28 Mar 2015 03:43:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2015-03-27T20:43:31.831-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Alzheimer&#39;s disease</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">brain</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">hippocampus</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">memory</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">neuroscience</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">spatial memory</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">University of Arizona</category><title>2014 Nobel Prize Winners Speak at the University of Arizona</title><description>Thursday afternoon, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kavlifoundation.org/edvard-and-may-britt-moser&quot;&gt;Edvard Moser, May-Britt Moser&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2014/okeefe-facts.html&quot;&gt;John O&#39;Keefe&lt;/a&gt;, the three 2014 Nobel Prize winners for Physiology or Medicine, along with &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/Maguire/&quot;&gt;Eleanor Maguire&lt;/a&gt;, the winner of the 2003 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.improbable.com/ig/&quot;&gt;Ig Nobel Prize&lt;/a&gt; for  her &quot;London taxi driver&quot; study on hippocampal plasticity, spoke at a public forum at the University of Arizona.&lt;br /&gt;
  3232. &lt;br /&gt;
  3233. Maquire&#39;s research on London taxi drivers, before and after going through two to three years of training required to learn and memorize 25,000 streets, revealed that their hippocampus grew as they memorized London&#39;s maze of streets. This was one of the first studies that demonstrated hippocampal neuroplasticity. She was awarded a 2003 Ig Nobel Prize for this study.&lt;br /&gt;
  3234. &lt;br /&gt;
  3235. According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.improbable.com/ig/&quot;&gt;Improbable Research&lt;/a&gt;, the bestowers of the Ig Nobel Prize, &quot;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;The Ig Nobel Prizes honor &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.improbable.com/ig/winners/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;achievements that make people LAUGH, and then THINK&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. The prizes are
  3236. intended to celebrate the unusual, honor the imaginative — and spur people&#39;s interest in science, medicine, and technology.&lt;/span&gt;&quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  3237. &lt;br /&gt;
  3238. The Mosers and O&#39;Keefe won their Nobel Prize in 2014 for their discoveries of specialized cells in the brain that together act as a navigation system. The Mosers discovered neurons that function as &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_cells&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;grid cells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;,  found in the entorhinal cortex, while O&#39;Keefe discovered neurons that function as &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_cell&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;place cells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, found in the hippocampus. &lt;br /&gt;
  3239. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  3240. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&quot;All memories are attached in some way to where you are, and in that
  3241. way, the hippocampus acts as an anchor for remembering yourself within
  3242. your experience,&quot; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;said &lt;a href=&quot;http://psychology.arizona.edu/carol&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Carol Barnes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;span class=&quot;st&quot;&gt;Regents&#39; Professor in the Departments of Psychology,
  3243. Neurology and Neuroscience, the Evelyn F. McKnight Endowed Chair &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;st&quot;&gt;for Learning and Memory in Aging.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3244. The hippocampus, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampus&quot;&gt;according to Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, &quot;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;belongs to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbic_system&quot; title=&quot;Limbic system&quot;&gt;limbic system&lt;/a&gt; and plays important roles in the consolidation of information from &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-term_memory&quot; title=&quot;Short-term memory&quot;&gt;short-term memory&lt;/a&gt; to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-term_memory&quot; title=&quot;Long-term memory&quot;&gt;long-term memory&lt;/a&gt; and spatial &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigation&quot; title=&quot;Navigation&quot;&gt;navigation&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&quot; If a person were to suffer severe damage to the hippocampus (both hippocampi, as one exists in each brain hemisphere), it&#39;s likely they may acquire &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterograde_amnesia&quot; title=&quot;Anterograde amnesia&quot;&gt;anterograde amnesia&lt;/a&gt;, an inability to form and/or retain new memories (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episodic_memory&quot; title=&quot;Episodic memory&quot;&gt;episodic&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autobiographical_memory&quot; title=&quot;Autobiographical memory&quot;&gt;autobiographical memory&lt;/a&gt;, which are forms of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declarative_memory&quot;&gt;declarative memory&lt;/a&gt;). In Alzheimer&#39;s Disease, the hippocampus is one of the first brain regions to experience damage, resulting in the disorientation and loss of recognition so common in the disease. However, damage to the hippocampus does not inhibit the ability to learn new skills, such as riding a bicycle (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procedural_memory&quot;&gt;procedural memory&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;br /&gt;
  3245. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  3246. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  3247. &lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;mw-mmv-final-image mw-mmv-dialog-is-open&quot; height=&quot;269&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5e/Place_Cell_Spiking_Activity_Example.png/800px-Place_Cell_Spiking_Activity_Example.png&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
  3248. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  3249. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Spatial firing patterns of 8 place cells recorded from the CA1 layer of a
  3250. rat. The rat ran back and forth along an elevated track, stopping at
  3251. each end to eat a small food reward. Dots indicate positions where
  3252. action potentials were recorded, with color indicating which neuron
  3253. emitted that action potential. &lt;/span&gt;[via &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampus&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/div&gt;
  3254. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3255. Below, I have included the honored guests as well as the first half of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://uanews.org/story/nobel-laureates-say-ua-scientists-paved-way&quot;&gt;press release about the public forum&lt;/a&gt; (which is heavy on the U of A is awesome rhetoric). &lt;br /&gt;
  3256. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  3257. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Guests &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3258. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3259. Edvard Moser&lt;/b&gt;, Professor and Director, Kavli Institute of Systems Neuroscience; Co-Director, Centre of Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3260. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  3261. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;May-Britt Moser&lt;/b&gt;, Professor and Director, Centre of Neural Computation; Co-Director, Kavli Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3262. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  3263. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;The Moser’s received the &lt;b&gt;2014 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology&lt;/b&gt; (along with J. O’Keefe) for this &lt;b&gt;discovery of grid cells&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3264. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  3265. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;John O’Keefe&lt;/b&gt;, Professor, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Anatomy, University College London. Dr. O’Keefe received the &lt;b&gt;2014 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology&lt;/b&gt; (along with the Moser’s) for his &lt;b&gt;discovery of place cells&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3266. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3267. Eileen O’Keefe&lt;/b&gt; (John’s wife), Emeritus Professor, Public Health, London Metropolitan University &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3268. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  3269. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Eleanor Maguire&lt;/b&gt;, Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College Dublin         Dr. Maguire received the &lt;b&gt;2003 Ig Nobel Prize for Medicine&lt;/b&gt; for her ‘London taxi driver’ student on hippocampal plasticity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3270. And here is the beginning of the press release . . .&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
  3271. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  3272. &lt;h1&gt;
  3273. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://uanews.org/story/nobel-laureates-say-ua-scientists-paved-way&quot;&gt;Nobel Laureates Say UA Scientists Paved Way&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
  3274. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;info&quot;&gt;       &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;By Daniel Stolte,       University Relations - Communications |        March 27, 2015&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3275. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;info&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3276. &lt;div class=&quot;view view-story-images view-id-story_images view-display-id-headline view-dom-id-0ddceb2710c295479daadf872486b7b1&quot;&gt;
  3277. &lt;div class=&quot;views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last&quot;&gt;
  3278. &lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;
  3279. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  3280. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;colorbox init-colorbox-processed cboxElement&quot; href=&quot;http://uanews.org/sites/default/files/story-images/Carol%20Barnes_0.jpeg&quot; rel=&quot;gallery-node-59044&quot; title=&quot;UA researcher Carol Barnes says the new Center for Innovation in Brain Science will serve as a hub of transdisciplinary research. (Photo: John de Dios/UANews)&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;UA researcher Carol Barnes says the new Center for Innovation in Brain Science will serve as a hub of transdisciplinary research. (Photo: John de Dios/UANews)&quot; src=&quot;http://uanews.org/sites/default/files/styles/story-page-headline-800-300/public/story-images/Carol%20Barnes_0.jpeg?itok=JmSHayZp&quot; height=&quot;256&quot; title=&quot;UA researcher Carol Barnes says the new Center for Innovation in Brain Science will serve as a hub of transdisciplinary research. (Photo: John de Dios/UANews)&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3281. &lt;div class=&quot;caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  3282. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;UA researcher Carol Barnes says the new Center for  Innovation in Brain Science will serve as a hub of transdisciplinary  research. (Photo: John de Dios/UANews)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
  3283. &lt;/div&gt;
  3284. &lt;/div&gt;
  3285. &lt;/div&gt;
  3286. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3287. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  3288. &lt;div class=&quot;view view-story-images view-id-story_images view-display-id-headline view-dom-id-0ddceb2710c295479daadf872486b7b1&quot;&gt;
  3289. &lt;div class=&quot;views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last&quot;&gt;
  3290. &lt;div class=&quot;field-content&quot;&gt;
  3291. &lt;div class=&quot;caption&quot;&gt;
  3292. &lt;h3&gt;
  3293. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Four  internationally renowned brain scholars visit campus and describe the  UA as &quot;one of the centers of neuroscience.&quot; The new Center for  Innovation in Brain Science will foster transdisciplinary research, with  the goal of better diagnostics and treatments for disorders such as  Alzheimer&#39;s disease.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
  3294. &lt;/div&gt;
  3295. &lt;/div&gt;
  3296. &lt;/div&gt;
  3297. &lt;/div&gt;
  3298. &lt;div class=&quot;story-subheading&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 120%; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;
  3299. &lt;center&gt;
  3300. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://uanews.org/sites/default/files/story-images/O%27Keefe.jpeg&quot;&gt; &lt;img src=&quot;http://uanews.org/sites/default/files/styles/story_body_aspect_ratio_switcher/public/story-images/O%27Keefe.jpeg?itok=YfrlkIAo&quot; height=&quot;267&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/center&gt;
  3301. &lt;/div&gt;
  3302. &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  3303. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Nobel Prize laureate John O&#39;Keefe, with May-Britt Moser (left) and Eleanor Maguire, says the UA&#39;s Carol Barnes &quot;has told us as much about how the brain ages as anyone else.&quot; (Photo: John de Dios/UANews)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3304. &lt;br /&gt;
  3305. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Take  it from several Nobel laureates: Brain researchers at the University of  Arizona are poised to make important contributions to finding better  diagnoses and possibly treatments for brain disorders such as  Alzheimer&#39;s disease.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3306. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  3307. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;To help commemorate three milestones in brain science research at the  UA, four internationally renowned brain scholars — including three who  shared the latest Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine — visited the UA  campus this week to speak about their scientific careers and reflect on  the tight connections they have shared with UA colleagues over many  years.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3308. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  3309. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;This year marks the 25th anniversary of the UA Arizona Research  Laboratories Division of Neural Systems, Memory and Aging, or NSMA; the  10th anniversary of the &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.embi.arizona.edu/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; at the UA; and the fifth anniversary of the UA &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://cos.arizona.edu/content/school-of-mind-brain-and-behavior&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;School of Mind, Brain and Behavior&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3310. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  3311. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;UA President&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;Ann Weaver Hart&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;has named neuroscience as a research priority under the UA&#39;s strategic &lt;a href=&quot;http://neversettle.arizona.edu/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Never Settle&lt;/a&gt; plan. The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bio5.org/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;BIO5 Institute&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; and the UA&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ahsc.arizona.edu/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Health Sciences Center&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;have  goals of supporting transdisciplinary neuroscience research in  partnership with institutions across the state — from the molecular  underpinnings of brain-cell health to the translation of this biological  knowledge into treatments for neurological disease. The&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cos.arizona.edu/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;College of Science&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;and the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.research.arizona.edu/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Office for Research and Discovery&lt;/a&gt;  also are involved in supporting these efforts through the School of  Mind, Brain and Behavior; NSMA; and the&amp;nbsp;Evelyn F. McKnight Brain  Institute.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3312. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  3313. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;During a public forum on Thursday, the UA welcomed the four guests to  share their stories of discoveries in neuroscience with UA students,  members of the public and the media. The visitors were&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2014/okeefe-facts.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;John O&#39;Keefe&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kavlifoundation.org/edvard-and-may-britt-moser&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Edvard &lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kavlifoundation.org/edvard-and-may-britt-moser&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;and May-Britt Moser&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, who shared the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/Maguire/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Eleanor Maguire&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;, who received the Ig Nobel Prize for Medicine in 2003.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3314. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  3315. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;O&#39;Keefe and the Mosers received the prize for their discoveries of  specialized cells in the brain that together act like a navigation  system.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3316. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  3317. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&quot;All memories are attached in some way to where you are, and in that  way, the hippocampus acts as an anchor for remembering yourself within  your experience,&quot; said &lt;a href=&quot;http://psychology.arizona.edu/carol&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Carol Barnes&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, who organized the visit along with two other UA brain researchers: &lt;a href=&quot;http://provost.arizona.edu/lynn-nadel&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Lynn Nadel&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, a Regents&#39; Professor of Psychology and Cognitive Science and chair of the UA faculty; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://petersonlab.wix.com/visualperceptionlab#%21peterson/cjg9&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Mary Peterson&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;,  professor of psychology and chair of the School of Mind, Brain and  Behavior executive committee; director of the Cognitive Science Program;  and chair of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://gidp.arizona.edu/programs/cognitivescience.php&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Cognitive Science Graduate Interdisciplinary Program&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3318. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  3319. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Edvard Moser said that some important work leading up to the Nobel  Prize was done at the UA — for example, developing the technology for  recording the activity of many brain cells at the same time, and  developing ideas of how memory is generated in the hippocampus.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3320. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  3321. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&quot;The UA is one of the centers of neuroscience,&quot; O&#39;Keefe said. &quot;As one  of the world&#39;s experts on the aging brain, Carol has told us as much  about how the brain ages by looking at the hippocampus as anyone else.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3322. &lt;a href=&quot;http://uanews.org/story/nobel-laureates-say-ua-scientists-paved-way&quot;&gt;Read the whole report on the event&lt;/a&gt;. </description><link>http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2015/03/2014-nobel-prize-winners-speak-at.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (william harryman)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13617569.post-447243831855089388</guid><pubDate>Fri, 06 Mar 2015 16:26:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2015-03-06T09:26:29.760-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">brain</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">early life stress</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">hippocampus</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">neuroscience</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">raphe nucleus</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">research</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">serotonin</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">SSRI</category><title>SSRIs Add to the Existing Surplus of Serotonin in the Raphe Nucleus and Reduces Serotonin in Hippocampus, Where it Is Needed Most</title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  3323. &lt;img alt=&quot;http://www.arzneistoffe.net/images/Wirkmechanismus%20SNRI.png&quot; class=&quot;decoded overflowing&quot; src=&quot;http://www.arzneistoffe.net/images/Wirkmechanismus%20SNRI.png&quot; height=&quot;478&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
  3324. &lt;br /&gt;
  3325. This appears to be the first good research showing why SSRIs do not work for most people in treating depression and anxiety. It appears that early life stress increases serotonin levels in the brain to the point that a negative feedback loop develops, reducing the brain&#39;s sensitivity to the serotonin. The resulting depression and/or anxiety that develops is exacerbated by SSRIs, which just add to the existing surplus of serotonin in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphe_nuclei&quot;&gt;raphe nucleus&lt;/a&gt; and reduces serotonin in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampus&quot;&gt;hippocampus&lt;/a&gt;, where it is needed most.&lt;br /&gt;
  3326. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  3327. &lt;h1 itemprop=&quot;headline&quot;&gt;
  3328. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/290339.php&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Early life stress may cause excess serotonin release resulting in a serotonin deficit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
  3329. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3330. &lt;div itemprop=&quot;articleBody&quot;&gt;
  3331. &lt;blockquote&gt;
  3332. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Data suggest a reason why SSRI medications may fail in many patients&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3333. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3334. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt; Studies indicate that the majority of people with mood and anxiety disorders who receive the most commonly prescribed class of antidepressant  medications, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors or SSRI&#39;s, are not  helped by these medications. SSRIs are designed to increase serotonin, a neurotransmitter in the brain that is key to maintenance of mood.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3335. &lt;br /&gt;
  3336. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt; Researchers led by Jeremy D. Coplan, MD, professor of psychiatry at SUNY  Downstate Medical Center, have published data suggesting an explanation  for the longstanding puzzle as to why low serotonin could not be  detected in depression  without suicidal intent, even though many antidepressant treatments  work by increasing serotonin in areas key for mood regulation, such as  the hippocampus. The pre-clinical research was published in a recent  edition of &lt;i&gt;Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3337. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3338. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt; Dr. Coplan explains, &quot;We have shown that serotonin is too high near the  serotonin brain cells, reducing firing of the serotonin nerve cells  through a well-documented negative feedback mechanism in the raphe  nucleus. The result is that the hippocampus and other critical brain  structures needed for mood maintenance do not get enough serotonin. We  can see this because the hippocampus is shrunken and the white matter  loses integrity. By the time serotonin metabolites are measured in a  lumbar spinal tap, the usual way serotonin levels have been measured,  the high serotonin has mixed with the low serotonin and you have no  difference from people who are healthy.&quot;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3339. &lt;br /&gt;
  3340. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt; He continues, &quot;We have hypothesized in an earlier paper that this is a  plausible reason why SSRIs may not work in a majority of people, because  SSRIs will tend to make the high serotonin even higher in the raphe  nucleus. The serotonin neuron may not be able to adapt and restore its  firing, inducing a presumed serotonin deficit in terminal fields,  evidenced by shrinkage of the hippocampus.&quot;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3341. &lt;br /&gt;
  3342. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt; He adds, &quot;We cannot say categorically, in our pre-clinical model, that  high serotonin in the raphe nucleus leads to low serotonin in the  hippocampus, but studies by J. John Mann, MD, a co-author on the paper,  and Victoria Arango, PhD, both of Columbia University Medical Center,  have shown that people who committed suicide exhibited high serotonin in  the raphe nucleus and low serotonin in another area of the brain  critical for mood maintenance, the prefrontal cortex. Additional studies  should be performed, especially since better understanding of the  serotonin system will significantly improve future treatment options.&quot;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3343. &lt;br /&gt;
  3344. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt; In the earlier paper, also in &lt;i&gt;Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience&lt;/i&gt;,  Dr. Coplan proposed augmentation therapies in treatment-resistant  patients, including stacking one medication upon another in the most  difficult cases: &quot;This is what physicians do for hypertension, diabetes, and congestive heart failure,&quot;  said Dr. Coplan. &quot;But in psychiatry, we sometimes act as if our  medications are so effective that we are exempt from how the rest of  medicine deals with difficult-to-treat cases.&quot;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3345. &lt;br /&gt;
  3346. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt; Other approaches to bypass the high midbrain serotonin impasse,  according to Dr. Coplan, are shutting glutamate input into the raphe  nucleus, a portion of the brain that controls the release of serotonin,  and utilizing drugs that block noradrenergic input into the dorsal  raphe.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3347. &lt;br /&gt;
  3348. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt; Dr. Coplan notes that a recent large-scale study showed only a minority  of patients do well on SSRIs, and of those, many lose response in a year  or two. &quot;There is an epidemic of inadequately treated depression and  psychiatrists are not well trained to deal with this challenge,&quot; he  observed. &quot;What they often do is change from one antidepressant to  another when there is a lack of response. Eventually the patient becomes  non-compliant and the patient, rather than the treatment, is blamed for  the non-efficacy.&quot;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3349. &lt;br /&gt;
  3350. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt; &quot;These two papers provide possible insights as to why our treatments are  ineffective and what we should be doing to treat patients effectively,&quot;  Dr. Coplan said. &quot;Many academic researchers currently do not practice  clinically, so they are out of touch with real-life patients and their  struggles. In the meantime, suicide rates have not budged in decades.&quot;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3351. Here are the abstracts from the original articles, both of which are open access.&lt;br /&gt;
  3352. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  3353. &lt;h1&gt;
  3354. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00440/full&quot;&gt;Elevated cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in macaques following early life stress and inverse association with hippocampal volume: preliminary implications for serotonin-related function in mood and anxiety disorders&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
  3355. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3356. &lt;div class=&quot;authors&quot;&gt;
  3357. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;user-id-17988&quot; href=&quot;http://www.frontiersin.org/people/u/17988&quot;&gt;Jeremy D. Coplan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;, Sasha L. Fulton&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Wade Reiner&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;user-id-185077&quot; href=&quot;http://www.frontiersin.org/people/u/185077&quot;&gt;Andrea Jackowski&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Venkatesh Panthangi&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Tarique D. Perera&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Jack M. Gorman&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;, Yung-yu Huang&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;user-id-17194&quot; href=&quot;http://www.frontiersin.org/people/u/17194&quot;&gt;Cheuk Y. Tang&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;user-id-191&quot; href=&quot;http://www.frontiersin.org/people/u/191&quot;&gt;Patrick R. Hof&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;user-id-179425&quot; href=&quot;http://www.frontiersin.org/people/u/179425&quot;&gt;Arie Kaffman&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;user-id-5017&quot; href=&quot;http://www.frontiersin.org/people/u/5017&quot;&gt;Andrew J. Dwork&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;user-id-17989&quot; href=&quot;http://www.frontiersin.org/people/u/17989&quot;&gt;Sanjay J. Mathew&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;10,11&lt;/sup&gt;, Joan Kaufman&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; and &lt;a class=&quot;user-id-11912&quot; href=&quot;http://www.frontiersin.org/people/u/11912&quot;&gt;J. John Mann&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3358. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3359. &lt;ul class=&quot;notes&quot;&gt;
  3360. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Nonhuman Primate Laboratory, Department of  Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Downstate Medical Center, State  University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  3361. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  3362. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;College of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  3363. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Departamento de Psiquiatria &amp;amp; Neuroradiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  3364. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Franklin Behavioral Health Consultants, Bronx, NY, USA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  3365. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  3366. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  3367. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  3368. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  3369. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt;Mental Health Care Line, Michael E. Debakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  3370. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;11&lt;/sup&gt;Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  3371. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt;Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  3372. &lt;/ul&gt;
  3373. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3374. &lt;div class=&quot;mb15&quot;&gt;
  3375. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; Early life stress (ELS) is  cited as a risk for mood and anxiety disorders, potentially through  altered serotonin neurotransmission. We examined the effects of ELS,  utilizing the variable foraging demand (VFD) macaque model, on  adolescent monoamine metabolites. We sought to replicate an increase in  cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) observed  in two previous VFD cohorts. We hypothesized that elevated cisternal  5-HIAA was associated with reduced neurotrophic effects, conceivably due  to excessive negative feedback at somatodendritic 5-HT&lt;sub&gt;1A&lt;/sub&gt;  autoreceptors. A putatively decreased serotonin neurotransmission would  be reflected by reductions in hippocampal volume and white matter (WM)  fractional anisotropy (FA).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3376. &lt;div class=&quot;mb15&quot;&gt;
  3377. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3378. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3379. &lt;div class=&quot;mb15&quot;&gt;
  3380. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; When infants were 2–6 months  of age, bonnet macaque mothers were exposed to VFD. We employed  cisternal CSF taps to measure monoamine metabolites in VFD (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 22) and non-VFD (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;  = 14) offspring (mean age = 2.61 years). Metabolites were correlated  with hippocampal volume obtained by MRI and WM FA by diffusion tensor  imaging in young adulthood in 17 males [10 VFD (mean age = 4.57 years)].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3381. &lt;div class=&quot;mb15&quot;&gt;
  3382. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3383. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3384. &lt;div class=&quot;mb15&quot;&gt;
  3385. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; VFD subjects exhibited  increased CSF 5-HIAA compared to non-VFD controls. An inverse  correlation between right hippocampal volume and 5-HIAA was noted in  VFD- but not controls. CSF HVA and MHPG correlated inversely with  hippocampal volume only in VFD. CSF 5-HIAA correlated inversely with FA  of the WM tracts of the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC)  only in VFD.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3386. &lt;div class=&quot;mb15&quot;&gt;
  3387. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3388. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3389. &lt;div class=&quot;mb0&quot;&gt;
  3390. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Elevated cisternal 5-HIAA  in VFD may reflect increased dorsal raphe serotonin, potentially  inducing excessive autoreceptor activation, inducing a putative  serotonin deficit in terminal fields. Resultant reductions in  neurotrophic activity are reflected by smaller right hippocampal volume.  Convergent evidence of reduced neurotrophic activity in association  with high CSF 5-HIAA in VFD was reflected by reduced FA of the ALIC.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3391. &lt;div class=&quot;mb0&quot;&gt;
  3392. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3393. &lt;div class=&quot;mb0&quot;&gt;
  3394. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Full Citation:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3395. &lt;div class=&quot;mb0&quot;&gt;
  3396. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;Coplan JD, Fulton SL, Reiner W, Jackowski A,  Panthangi V, Perera TD, Gorman JM, Huang Y, Tang CY, Hof PR, Kaffman A,  Dwork AJ, Mathew SJ, Kaufman J and Mann JJ (2014, Dec 24). &lt;b&gt;Elevated cerebrospinal  fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in macaques following early life  stress and inverse association with hippocampal volume: preliminary  implications for serotonin-related function in mood and anxiety  disorders&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Front. Behav. Neurosci&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;b&gt;8&lt;/b&gt;:440. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00440 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3397. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3398. &lt;div class=&quot;mb0&quot;&gt;
  3399. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3400. &lt;div class=&quot;mb0&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  3401. * * * * *&lt;/div&gt;
  3402. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  3403. &lt;h1&gt;
  3404. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00189/full&quot;&gt;A neurobiological hypothesis of treatment-resistant depression – mechanisms for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor non-efficacy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
  3405. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3406. &lt;div class=&quot;authors&quot;&gt;
  3407. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;user-id-17988&quot; href=&quot;http://www.frontiersin.org/people/u/17988&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.3em; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Jeremy D. Coplan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;*, &lt;a class=&quot;user-id-142353&quot; href=&quot;http://www.frontiersin.org/people/u/142353&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.3em; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Srinath Gopinath&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;user-id-28752&quot; href=&quot;http://www.frontiersin.org/people/u/28752&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.3em; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Chadi G. Abdallah&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2,3&lt;/sup&gt; and Benjamin R. Berry&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;/div&gt;
  3408. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3409. &lt;ul class=&quot;notes&quot;&gt;
  3410. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Division of Neuropsychopharmacology,  Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, State University of New  York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  3411. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  3412. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Clinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for PTSD, West Haven, CT, USA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  3413. &lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;State University of New York Downstate College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  3414. &lt;/ul&gt;
  3415. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;First-line treatment of major depression includes administration  of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), yet studies suggest  that remission rates following two trials of an SSRI are &amp;lt;50%. The  authors examine the putative biological substrates underlying “treatment  resistant depression (TRD)” with the goal of elucidating novel  rationales to treat TRD. We look at relevant articles from the  preclinical and clinical literature combined with clinical exposure to  TRD patients. A major focus was to outline pathophysiological mechanisms  whereby the serotonin system becomes impervious to the desired  enhancement of serotonin neurotransmission by SSRIs. A complementary  focus was to dissect neurotransmitter systems, which serve to inhibit  the dorsal raphe. We propose, based on a body of translational studies,  TRD may not represent a simple serotonin deficit state but rather an  excess of midbrain peri-raphe serotonin and subsequent deficit at key  fronto-limbic projection sites, with ultimate compromise in  serotonin-mediated neuroplasticity. Glutamate, serotonin, noradrenaline,  and histamine are activated by stress and exert an inhibitory effect on  serotonin outflow, in part by “flooding” 5-HT&lt;sub&gt;1A&lt;/sub&gt;  autoreceptors by serotonin itself. Certain factors putatively exacerbate  this scenario – presence of the short arm of the serotonin transporter  gene, early-life adversity and comorbid bipolar disorder – each of which  has been associated with SSRI-treatment resistance. By utilizing an  incremental approach, we provide a system for treating the TRD patient  based on a strategy of rescuing serotonin neurotransmission from a state  of SSRI-induced dorsal raphe stasis. This calls for “stacked”  interventions, with an SSRI base, targeting, if necessary, the  glutamatergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic, and histaminergic systems,  thereby successively eliminating the inhibitory effects each are capable  of exerting on serotonin neurons. Future studies are recommended to  test this biologically based approach for treatment of TRD.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3416. &lt;div class=&quot;mb0&quot;&gt;
  3417. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3418. &lt;div class=&quot;mb0&quot;&gt;
  3419. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Full Citation:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3420. &lt;div class=&quot;mb0&quot;&gt;
  3421. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;Coplan JD, Gopinath S, Abdallah CG and Berry BR.  (2014, May 20). &lt;b&gt;A neurobiological hypothesis of treatment-resistant depression –  mechanisms for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor non-efficacy&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Front. Behav. Neurosci.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;8&lt;/b&gt;:189. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00189 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3422. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3423. &lt;/div&gt;
  3424. </description><link>http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2015/03/ssris-add-to-existing-surplus-of.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (william harryman)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13617569.post-4394733517789140219</guid><pubDate>Thu, 05 Mar 2015 03:18:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2015-03-04T20:18:55.104-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">adhesion molecules</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">brain</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">immune system</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">inflammation</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">integrins</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">microbiology</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">neuroinflammation</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">neuroscience</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">psychoneuroimmunology</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">stress</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">trauma</category><title>Psychosocial Stress, Inflammation, and Adhesion Molecules </title><description>&lt;center&gt;
  3425. &lt;img alt=&quot;http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51egCAixgxL._SY344_BO1,204,203,200_.jpg&quot; class=&quot;decoded&quot; src=&quot;http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51egCAixgxL._SY344_BO1,204,203,200_.jpg&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; width=&quot;261&quot; /&gt;&lt;/center&gt;
  3426. &lt;br /&gt;
  3427. I have been re-reading a book by&amp;nbsp;Joseph LeDoux (NYU),&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt; &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0142001783/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;camp=1789&amp;amp;creative=390957&amp;amp;creativeASIN=0142001783&amp;amp;linkCode=as2&amp;amp;tag=integraloptio-20&amp;amp;linkId=M7U4Z2QBNY4XGQX6&quot; id=&quot;static_txt_preview&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Synaptic Self: How Our Brains Become Who We Are&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (2002)&lt;/span&gt;, in which he argues that synapses in the brain are the foundation of personality, the basis of our sense of self:&lt;br /&gt;
  3428. &lt;br /&gt;
  3429. &lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 40px;&quot;&gt;
  3430. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;My  notion of personality is pretty simple: it‟s that your “self,” the  essence of who you are, reflects patterns of interconnectivity between  neurons in your brain. Connections between neurons, known as synapses,  are the main channels of information flow and storage in the brain. Most  of what the brain does is accomplished by synaptic transmission between  neurons, and by calling upon the information encoded by past  transmission across synapses. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;(p. 3-4)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3431. &lt;br /&gt;
  3432. This is relevant to some of the work I have been doing for Dr. Cress at the University of Arizona Cancer Center. Dr. Cress has been working for many years on the function of integrins in cancer metastasis, specifically in prostate cancer.&lt;br /&gt;
  3433. &lt;br /&gt;
  3434. Here is how integrins are defined at &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrin&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, which is as precise as any you will find.&lt;br /&gt;
  3435. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  3436. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Integrins&lt;/b&gt; are &lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmembrane_receptors&quot; title=&quot;Transmembrane receptors&quot;&gt;transmembrane receptors&lt;/a&gt; that are the bridges for &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%E2%80%93cell_interaction&quot; title=&quot;Cell–cell interaction&quot;&gt;cell-cell&lt;/a&gt; and cell-&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracellular_matrix&quot; title=&quot;Extracellular matrix&quot;&gt;extracellular matrix&lt;/a&gt; (ECM) interactions. When triggered, integrins in turn trigger chemical pathways to the interior (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_transduction&quot; title=&quot;Signal transduction&quot;&gt;signal transduction&lt;/a&gt;),  such as the chemical composition and mechanical status of the ECM,  which results in a response (activation of transcription) such as  regulation of the cell cycle, cell shape, and/or motility; or new  receptors being added to the cell membrane. This allows rapid and  flexible responses to events at the cell surface, for example to signal  platelets to initiate an interaction with coagulation factors.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3437. &lt;br /&gt;
  3438. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;There are several types of integrins, and a cell may have several types on its surface. Integrins are found in all metazoa.&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-pmid12297042_3-0&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrin#cite_note-pmid12297042-3&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3439. &lt;br /&gt;
  3440. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Integrins work alongside other receptors such as &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadherin&quot; title=&quot;Cadherin&quot;&gt;cadherins&lt;/a&gt;, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_superfamily&quot; title=&quot;Immunoglobulin superfamily&quot;&gt;immunoglobulin superfamily&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_adhesion_molecule&quot; title=&quot;Cell adhesion molecule&quot;&gt;cell adhesion molecules&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selectin&quot; title=&quot;Selectin&quot;&gt;selectins&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndecan&quot; title=&quot;Syndecan&quot;&gt;syndecans&lt;/a&gt; to mediate cell–cell and cell–matrix interaction. &lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligands&quot; title=&quot;Ligands&quot;&gt;Ligands&lt;/a&gt; for integrins include &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibronectin&quot; title=&quot;Fibronectin&quot;&gt;fibronectin&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitronectin&quot; title=&quot;Vitronectin&quot;&gt;vitronectin&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen&quot; title=&quot;Collagen&quot;&gt;collagen&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminin&quot; title=&quot;Laminin&quot;&gt;laminin&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3441. Integrins are &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterodimer&quot;&gt;heterdimic&lt;/a&gt; adhesion receptors, meaning they have two different parts, the α (alpha) and β (beta) subunits. There are at least 18 α and eight β subunits are known in humans and other vertebrates (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1929136/pdf/gb-2007-8-5-215.pdf&quot;&gt;Takada, Ye, &amp;amp; Simon, 2007&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;
  3442. &lt;br /&gt;
  3443. Dr. Cress has been work with the A6B4 integrin (&lt;i&gt;alpha 6 beta 4&lt;/i&gt;) and its role in metastatic prostate cancer. A6 is one of three laminin-binding molecules in humans (the others are A3 and A7), although other researchers suggest there are five laminin-binding integrins, A1, A2, A3, A6, A7 (Alberts, Johnson, &amp;amp; Lewis; 2007; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.garlandscience.com/product/isbn/0815341059&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Molecular Biology of the Cell. 5th edition&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;). This graphic explains the functions of the different integrins and their combinations.&lt;br /&gt;
  3444. &lt;br /&gt;
  3445. &lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  3446. &lt;a href=&quot;http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XoEzkRajm3k/VPeIM-LRSuI/AAAAAAAAERs/qP3wtMOkwvA/s1600/integrin%2Bfunctions.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XoEzkRajm3k/VPeIM-LRSuI/AAAAAAAAERs/qP3wtMOkwvA/s1600/integrin%2Bfunctions.jpg&quot; height=&quot;500&quot; width=&quot;402&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3447. &lt;br /&gt;
  3448. Integrins are also expressed in the brain, especially in synapses and in the lamination of axons, which allows information to more quickly and efficiently through the brain (and through neural cells throughout the body). Schwann cells in peripheral nerves interact with axons and extracellular matrix (ECM) as part of their work in ensheathing and myelinating axons and they express B4 (beta 4 integrin) [&lt;a href=&quot;http://dev.biologists.org/content/120/5/1287.full.pdf&quot;&gt;Feltri, et al, 1994&lt;/a&gt;], and specifically A6B4.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
  3449. &lt;br /&gt;
  3450. In digging around for additional information on synapses and brain function, I found a related article by LeDoux -  this is the abstract (crucial section is in bold):&lt;br /&gt;
  3451. &lt;br /&gt;
  3452. &lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 40px;&quot;&gt;
  3453. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://research.mssm.edu/cnic/pdfs/lamprecht04_ledoux_plasticity.pdf&quot;&gt;STRUCTURAL PLASTICITY AND MEMORY&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3454. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Raphael Lamprecht and Joseph LeDoux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3455. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  3456. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Much  evidence indicates that, after learning, memories are created by  alterations in glutamate-dependent excitatory synaptic transmission.  These modifications are then actively stabilized, over hours or days, by  structural changes at postsynaptic sites on dendritic spines. The  mechanisms of this structural plasticity are poorly understood, but  recent findings are beginning to provide clues. The changes in synaptic  transmission are initiated by elevations in intracellular calcium and  consequent activation of second messenger signalling pathways in the  postsynaptic neuron. &lt;b&gt;These pathways involve intracellular kinases and  GTPases, downstream from glutamate receptors, that regulate and  coordinate both cytoskeletal and adhesion remodelling, leading to new  synaptic connections. Rapid changes in cytoskeletal and adhesion  molecules after learning contribute to short-term plasticity and memory&lt;/b&gt;,  whereas later changes, which depend on de novo protein synthesis as  well as the early modifications, seem to be required for the persistence  of long-term memory.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3457. &lt;div&gt;
  3458. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  3459. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Source: &lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Nature Reviews Neuroscience&lt;/i&gt;; January 2004; 5(1):&lt;span class=&quot;cite-pages&quot;&gt;45-54&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;span class=&quot;divider&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;doi&quot;&gt;&lt;abbr title=&quot;Digital Object Identifier&quot;&gt;doi&lt;/abbr&gt;:&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/full/nrn1301.html&quot;&gt;10.1038/nrn1301&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3460. &lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
  3461. &lt;a href=&quot;http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-DAQO_8PMORs/VPeVxAL-QuI/AAAAAAAAER8/MaZgX1hlAGA/s1600/extracellular%2Bstimulation-induced%2Bactin%2Bcytoskeleton.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-DAQO_8PMORs/VPeVxAL-QuI/AAAAAAAAER8/MaZgX1hlAGA/s1600/extracellular%2Bstimulation-induced%2Bactin%2Bcytoskeleton.jpg&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; width=&quot;375&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3462. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  3463. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Rho GTPaseas mediate extracellular stimulation-induced actin cytoskeleton rearrangements&lt;/b&gt;. Stimulation of the postsynaptic neuron leads to actin-dependent morphological changes mediated by Rho GTPases105–108. &lt;b&gt;1)&lt;/b&gt; Activation of adhesion molecules, such as integrin or cadherin, which have been shown to be involved in synaptic plasticity, regulates Rho GTPase inactivation by RhoGAPs. &lt;b&gt;2)&lt;/b&gt; Calcium influx through membrane channels can induce activation of tyrosine kinases (TKs), such as the cell adhesion kinase-β/proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (CAKβ/Pyk2), that in turn activate Src. The later modulates p190 RhoGAP activity and thereby controls Rho GTPase inactivation. &lt;b&gt;3)&lt;/b&gt; On the other hand, Rho GTPase activators, RhoGEFs, are also regulated by extracellular stimulation. Ephrin A activates, through the receptor tyrosine kinase EphA, a Rho GEF called ephexin. EphA has been implicated in memory formation133. &lt;b&gt;4) &lt;/b&gt;Rho GTPase controls actin polymerization through downstream effectors such as Rho-associated kinase (ROCK). ROCK activates LIM-domain-containing protein kinase (LIMK), which in turn inhibits the actin depolymerizing factor cofilin. This event can contribute to actin polymerization. ROCK, LIMK and cofilin have been shown to be involved in synaptic plasticity. &lt;b&gt;5)&lt;/b&gt; Cdc42 and Rac, other members of the Rho GTPase family, induce actin polymerization by regulating downstream effectors. GAP, GTPase-activating protein; GEF, guanine nucleotide exchange factor; N-WASP, neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome; SCAR, suppressor of cAR.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3464. The text above is the caption for the image. Here is another quote from near the end of the paper, which is minimal and could be the topic of an entire paper:&lt;br /&gt;
  3465. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  3466. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Adhesion molecules and synaptic plasticity&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3467. &lt;br /&gt;
  3468. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;The formation of new synaptic contacts is a dynamic process that involves ongoing morphological alterations and modulation of adhesion between the pre- and postsynaptic neurons [115,116]. These processes require coordinated activity between molecules that regulate cytoskeletal rearrangements and morphology, and those that control adhesion between the pre- and postsynaptic membranes.Adhesion molecules, mostly integrins, cadherins, neurexin and the immunoglobulin superfamily, are membrane-bound molecules that have hetero- or homophilic interactions with proteins in the extracellular matrix and synaptic membranes to control the adhesion between the pre- and postsynaptic membranes. Adhesion molecules, which also have an intracellular component, can initiate signalling pathways that couple the dynamics of extracellular connectivity with intracellular events that control morphology. For example, cadherin regulates dendritic spine morphogenesis and function. Blockade of cadherin function leads to elongation of the spine, bifurcation of its head structure and alterations in the distribution of postsynaptic proteins [117]. Moreover, neuronal activity induces the movement of β-catenin (which mediates the interaction of cadherin with the actin cytoskeleton) from dendritic shafts into spines to become associated with cadherin and to influence synaptic size and strength [118]. Adhesion molecules such as cadherin also associate with molecules that regulate cytoskeletal rearrangements, such as proteins that control the Rho GTPase pathway [119].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3469. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Adhesion molecules could therefore contribute to the morphological alteration and stabilization of connectivity between neurons, a process that is hypothesized to underlie memory consolidation. Consistent with this hypothesis is the role of adhesion molecules in the formation and stabilization of LTP and LTM. Integrin-mediated adhesion helps to stabilize early-phase LTP (E-LTP) into late-phase LTP (L-LTP). For example, inhibition of integrin with a peptide that contains the integrin recognition sequence 10 min before, immediately after and 10 min after LTP induction caused a gradual decay of synaptic strength over 40 min [120]. The peptide had no effect when applied 25 min after LTP initiation, indicating that integrin has a role in stabilization of synaptic connectivity. Furthermore, N-cadherin is synthesized and internalized to new assembled synapses during the induction of L-LTP, and blocking N-cadherin adhesion prevents the induction of L-LTP but not E-LTP [121]. This event depends on glutamate receptor activity. In chicks, memory is impaired 24 h after a visual categorization task when antibodies against the cell adhesion molecule L1 are injected before, 5.5 h or 15–18 h after training (but not later) [122]. In addition, intraventricular injection of antibodies against neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in rats 6–8 h after passive avoidance training, but not later, impaired retention of the avoidance response [123]. These observations indicate that adhesion molecules are essential for memory consolidation during a period of hours after acquisition.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3470. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The level and distribution of adhesion molecules is also correlated with synaptic plasticity and learning. In Aplysia, repeated application of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin; 5-HT), which leads to long-term facilitation of the sensory–motor connection, induces the internalization of the adhesion molecule apCAM (Aplysia cell adhesion molecule) [43]. This could destabilize the interaction between sensory neurons, permitting the growth of new sensory axons.ApCAM could be redistributed to the area where new synapses are formed. In rats, N-cadherin is induced in the piriform cortex and hypothalamus 2 h after fear conditioning [124]. N-cadherin was not induced in control animals that were presented with the conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus in a non-associative manner.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3471. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On the whole, these observations indicate that adhesion molecules have a central role in mediating neuronal connectivity and morphogenesis, and in the progressive stabilization of synaptic connectivity that leads to memory consolidation. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;(LeDoux, 2004, pages 50-51)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3472. &lt;br /&gt;
  3473. I  did some more digging and found that A3, A5, A8, and B1 (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3242036/&quot;&gt;McGeachie, Cingolani, &amp;amp; Godaare, 2011&lt;/a&gt;) are all  expressed in synaptic formation and function and in the growth and  activity of dendrites. If the alpha versions of the  integrins are not functioning properly, learning and memory are  inhibited, but there are differences for each of the alpha integrins and for the beta integrin: &lt;br /&gt;
  3474. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  3475. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Interestingly, behavioural tests revealed specific deficits in hippocampal-dependent working memory, while spatial memory was unaffected. Although ITGβ1 is likely to be the major subunit for ITGα3, ITGα5 and ITGα8 in the hippocampus (Hynes, 2002), ITGα3/+;ITGα5/+;ITGα8/+ mice showed behavioural deficits (see above) that are different from those of ITGβ1 conditional knockout mice. Such divergent results may reflect the differences arising from global reduction in ITGα3, ITGα5 and ITGα8 versus a more specific ablation of ITGβ1 mainly in CA1 pyramidal neurons.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3476. [In the quote above, ITGα3, and so on, is used to represent integrin (ITG) alpha 3.]&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
  3477. &lt;br /&gt;
  3478. &lt;b&gt;Inflammation from Psychosocial Stress&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  3479. &lt;br /&gt;
  3480. We know that psychosocial stress causes inflammation. University of Arizona researcher/professor &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3392963/pdf/nihms-390461.pdf&quot;&gt;Charles Raison (2006)&lt;/a&gt; found that depressed patients have higher levels of
  3481. proinflammatory cytokines, acute phase proteins, chemokines, and &lt;b&gt;cellular adhesion molecules&lt;/b&gt; (an important finding for my thesis). It has also been shown that therapeutic administration of the cytokine interferon-α (a cancer treatment drug that inhibits tumor cell growth) leads to depression in up to 50%
  3482. of patients (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12450640&quot;&gt;Bonaccorso, et al, 2002&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;br /&gt;
  3483. &lt;br /&gt;
  3484. Stress appears to down-regulate immunity through at least three mechanisms:&lt;br /&gt;
  3485. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  3486. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #20124d;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;(A) Stress hormones are influenced by negative events and negative emotions:&lt;/b&gt; catecholamines
  3487. (adrenaline and noradrenaline), adrenocorticotropic
  3488. hormone (ACTH), cortisol,
  3489. growth hormone, and prolactin, as examples&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3490. &lt;br /&gt;
  3491. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #20124d;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;(B) Immune
  3492. modulation by these hormones proceeds
  3493. through two pathways&lt;/b&gt;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3494. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  3495. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #20124d;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. Directly&lt;/b&gt;, through
  3496. binding of the hormone to its cognate receptor
  3497. at the surface of a cell&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3498. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #20124d;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;2. Indirectly&lt;/b&gt; — for
  3499. example, by inducing dysregulation of the
  3500. production of cytokines, such as interferon-γ
  3501. (IFN-γ), interleukin-1 (IL-1),IL-2,IL-6 and
  3502. tumour-necrosis factor (TNF) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3503. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #20124d;&quot;&gt;Cytokines
  3504. such as IFN-γ have many functions and affect
  3505. different target cells. Therefore, there are secondary
  3506. effects of many stress hormones on
  3507. the immune response&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3508. &lt;br /&gt;
  3509. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #20124d;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;(C) Communication between the
  3510. CNS and the immune system is bidirectional&lt;/b&gt; - examples:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3511. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  3512. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #20124d;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1.&lt;/b&gt; IL-1 influences the production
  3513. of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
  3514. by the hypothalamus. In turn, CRH can affect
  3515. the HPA axis and thereby trigger increases in
  3516. stress hormone levels, which results in dysregulation
  3517. of immune function&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3518. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #20124d;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;2.&lt;/b&gt; Lymphocytes can synthesize hormones such
  3519. as ACTH, prolactin and growth hormone&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3520. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3521. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  3522. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;Glaser, R., &amp;amp; Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (2005). &lt;a href=&quot;http://192.5.14.43/content/dam/rand/www/external/labor/aging/rsi/rsi_papers/2008/kiecolt-glaser1.pdf&quot;&gt;Stress-induced immune dysfunction: implications for health&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Nature Reviews Immunology&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;5&lt;/b&gt;(3), 243-251.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3523. &lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #222222; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 16.1200008392334px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3524. Here is the abstract (edited for relevance) from an excellent review article: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22790082&quot;&gt;Psychosocial stress and inflammation in cancer&lt;/a&gt; by Powell, Tarr, and Sheridan (2013) that provides some useful information about how stress (i.e., trauma) can compromise the immune system. [Bold area is my emphasis.]&lt;br /&gt;
  3525. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  3526. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Stress-induced immune dysregulation results in significant health consequences for immune related disorders including viral infections, chronic autoimmune disease, and tumor growth and metastasis.&amp;nbsp; Both human and animal studies have shown the sympathetic and neuroendocrine responses to psychosocial stress significantly impacts cancer, in part, through regulation of inflammatory mediators. &lt;b&gt;Psychosocial stressors stimulate neuroendocrine, sympathetic, and immune responses that result in the activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA)-axis, sympathetic nervous system (SNS), and the subsequent regulation of inflammatory responses by immune cells.&lt;/b&gt; Social disruption (SDR) stress, a murine model of psychosocial stress and repeated social defeat, provides a novel and powerful tool to probe the mechanisms leading to stress-induced alterations in inflammation, tumor growth, progression, and metastasis.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3527. The following is from the first section of the same paper and it provides an overview of the chemical pathways involved in stress-induced inflammation.&lt;br /&gt;
  3528. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  3529. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;[S]tudies using a mouse model of repeated social defeat, termed social disruption (SDR) stress, have shown that stress alone can trigger the generation, egress, and trafficking of immature, inflammatory myeloid derived-cells that are glucocorticoid (GC) insensitive (Curry et al., 2010, Engler et al., 2004a and Engler et al., 2005). In addition, these GC insensitive cells produce high levels of IL-6 and other inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (Powell et al., 2009, Stark et al., 2002 and Wohleb et al., 2011). As a consequence, these stress-induced changes at the cellular level translate to significant immune (enhanced inflammatory responses and immunity to microbial, viral, and allergen challenge) and behavioral (prolonged anxiety-like behavior) changes (Bailey et al., 2007, Bailey et al., 2009b, Bailey et al., 2009a, Dong-Newsom et al., 2010, Kinsey et al., 2007, Mays et al., 2010, Mays et al., 2012, Powell et al., 2011 and Wohleb et al., 2011). Indicative of the important role of the SNS in stress-induced immune alteration, these changes are reversed by the blockade of sympathetic signaling prior to stressor exposure (Wohleb et al., 2011).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3530. The stress response in vertebrates stems from internal or external stimuli that trigger the “fight or flight” and &quot;defeat/withdrawal&quot; responses expressed in sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA)-axis activation. Years of research has shown that specific central nervous system (CNS) pathways function as translators of social stimuli into peripheral biological signals that regulate inflammatory responses.&lt;br /&gt;
  3531. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  3532. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;For instance, stress activates neuroendocrine and autonomic pathways like the HPA axis, and the SNS resulting in the release of GC, catecholamines, and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α. The release of these sympathetic, neuroendocrine, and immune factors has a profound influence on immunity, behavior, and physiology in both humans and rodents and triggers peripheral biological responses that, in turn, signal back to the CNS to complete a bi-directional communication circuit. This is evident in models of repeated social defeat, like SDR, that enhance immune responses to microbial, viral, and allergic challenges and promote and prolong anxiety-like behavior in rodents (Kinsey et al., 2007, Bailey et al., 2009a, Bailey et al., 2009b and Mays et al., 2010). Social disruption stress-induced prolonged anxiety-like behavior coincides with a unique pattern of c-Fos activation in brain regions associated with fear and threat appraisal. For example, repeated social defeat, termed social disruption (SDR) causes increased c-Fos activation in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, paraventricular nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the lateral septum (Wohleb et al., 2011). &lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;Powell, Tarr, and Sheridan, 2013, p. 3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3533. When the HPA and SNS circuitry are activated, the release of neurotransmitters and stress hormones generates compensatory physiologic changes that impact behavior and the function of the immune system. In humans, chronic or repeated exposure to stress appears to lead to increases in the expression of inflammatory biomarkers, worsened disease states, and affective/emotional disorders (&lt;a href=&quot;http://192.5.14.43/content/dam/rand/www/external/labor/aging/rsi/rsi_papers/2008/kiecolt-glaser1.pdf&quot;&gt;Glaser and Kiecolt-Glaser, 2005&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3253267/&quot;&gt;Gouin et al., 2012&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;
  3534. &lt;br /&gt;
  3535. In several studies, stressed individuals exhibit reduced anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid regulation and increased inflammatory nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2581622/&quot;&gt;Miller et al., 2008&lt;/a&gt;). In these situations, psychosocial stress represents a challenge to homeostasis that manifests as physiological alterations in the body (&lt;a href=&quot;http://192.5.14.43/content/dam/rand/www/external/labor/aging/rsi/rsi_papers/2008/kiecolt-glaser1.pdf&quot;&gt;Glaser and Kiecolt-Glaser, 2005&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3536. This may be something to look at in  terms of how trauma impacts the brain and body, a microbiological model of traumatic stress, inflammation, and the alteration of adhesion molecules, all of which leads to impaired learning and impaired memory.&lt;br /&gt;
  3537. &lt;br /&gt;
  3538. As of now, there are no known interventions at the cellular level for altering integrin function. However, the are many ways to control and eliminate inflammation. Among the most well-researched (I could provide citations for these, but it&#39;s late, so I might add them later):&lt;br /&gt;
  3539. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  3540. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #20124d;&quot;&gt;1) Curcumin/turmeric&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3541. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #20124d;&quot;&gt;2) Resveratrol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3542. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #20124d;&quot;&gt;3) Exercise&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3543. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #20124d;&quot;&gt;4) Stress-reduction techniques, such as meditation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3544. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #20124d;&quot;&gt;5) Avoiding smoking, drinking, and processed foods&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3545. We have some control over how our bodies manage and adapt to stress. We are not merely victims of our biology.&lt;br /&gt;
  3546. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3547. </description><link>http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2015/03/psychosocial-stress-inflammation-and.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (william harryman)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XoEzkRajm3k/VPeIM-LRSuI/AAAAAAAAERs/qP3wtMOkwvA/s72-c/integrin%2Bfunctions.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13617569.post-6130252479193271062</guid><pubDate>Tue, 03 Mar 2015 02:14:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2015-03-02T19:19:02.357-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">attachment theory</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">embodied cognition</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">enactivism</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">intersubjectivity</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">research</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">social neuroscience</category><title>Toward an Embodied Science of Intersubjectivity: Widening the Scope of Social Understanding Research</title><description>The following article is an introduction to the Research Topic on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.frontiersin.org/Cognitive_Science&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Frontiers in Psychology: Cognitive Science&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/2287&quot;&gt;Towards an embodied science of intersubjectivity: Widening the scope of social understanding research&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
  3548. &lt;br /&gt;
  3549. This is an interesting article and a very cool research area.&lt;br /&gt;
  3550. &lt;br /&gt;
  3551. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Full Citation:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3552. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;Di Paolo, EA, and De Jaegher, H. (2015, Mar 2). Toward an  embodied science of intersubjectivity: Widening the scope of social  understanding research. &lt;i&gt;Frontiers in Psychology: Cognitive Science&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;b&gt;6&lt;/b&gt;:234. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00234&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3553. &lt;div id=&quot;timestamps&quot;&gt;
  3554. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3555. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  3556. &lt;h1&gt;
  3557. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00234/full&quot;&gt;Toward an embodied science of intersubjectivity: Widening the scope of social understanding research&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
  3558. &lt;div class=&quot;authors&quot;&gt;
  3559. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;user-id-47615&quot; href=&quot;http://www.frontiersin.org/people/u/47615&quot;&gt;Ezequiel A. Di Paolo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt; and &lt;a class=&quot;user-id-47918&quot; href=&quot;http://www.frontiersin.org/people/u/47918&quot;&gt;Hanne De Jaegher&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3560. &lt;ul class=&quot;notes&quot;&gt;
  3561. &lt;li class=&quot;pl0&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Logic and Philosophy of Science, IAS-Research Centre, University of the Basque Country, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  3562. &lt;/ul&gt;
  3563. &lt;div class=&quot;JournalFullText&quot;&gt;
  3564. &lt;div class=&quot;mb15&quot;&gt;
  3565. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;The study of human social phenomena in their proper  scope demands the integrated effort of many disciplinary traditions.  This fact is widely acknowledged but rarely acted upon. It is in  practice often difficult to cross disciplinary boundaries, to  communicate across different vocabularies, research goals, theories and  methods. The aim of this Research Topic has been to make some progress  in stepping across these borders.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3566. &lt;div class=&quot;mb15&quot;&gt;
  3567. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3568. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3569. &lt;div class=&quot;mb15&quot;&gt;
  3570. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Not attempting this crossing in a subject as  multi-faceted as intersubjectivity inevitably binds us to remain within  self-enclosed conceptions. By this we mean a bundle of self-reinforcing  perspectives, hypotheses, experimental methods, debates, communities and  institutions. Traditional ways of thinking about social cognition frame  the questions that are deemed worth researching. These all revolve  around the issue of how we figure out other minds, assuming that other  people&#39;s intentional states are hidden, private and internal. The  proposed answers rely only on how the perceived indirect manifestations  of other people&#39;s mental states are processed by individual cognitive  mechanisms (&lt;a href=&quot;http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00234/full#B7&quot;&gt;Van Overwalle, 2009&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3571. &lt;div class=&quot;mb15&quot;&gt;
  3572. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3573. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3574. &lt;div class=&quot;mb15&quot;&gt;
  3575. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;We would like to raise, instead, the question of what an  embodied science of intersubjectivity would look like if we were to  start from different premises than those that delimit classical  approaches to social cognition. For doing this, we thought the time was  ripe for bringing together work that crosses disciplinary boundaries and  informs us about different conceptions of how people understand each  other and act and make meaning together.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3576. &lt;div class=&quot;mb15&quot;&gt;
  3577. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3578. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3579. &lt;div class=&quot;mb15&quot;&gt;
  3580. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;The move is timely. The internalist assumptions in  social cognition research are beginning to shift. We have more and  better tools to explore the role of interactive phenomena and  interpersonal histories in conjunction with individual processes (&lt;a href=&quot;http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00234/full#B3&quot;&gt;Dumas et al., 2010&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a href=&quot;http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00234/full#B2&quot;&gt;Di Paolo and De Jaegher, 2012&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a href=&quot;http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00234/full#B4&quot;&gt;Konvalinka and Roepstorff, 2012&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a href=&quot;http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00234/full#B6&quot;&gt;Schilbach et al., 2013&lt;/a&gt;).  This interactive expansion of the conceptual and methodological toolkit  for investigating social cognition, we now propose, can be followed by  an expansion into wider and deeply-related research questions, beyond  (but including) that of social cognition narrowly construed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3581. &lt;div class=&quot;mb15&quot;&gt;
  3582. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3583. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3584. &lt;div class=&quot;mb15&quot;&gt;
  3585. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Our social lives are populated by different kinds of  cognitive and affective phenomena apart from figuring out other minds.  They include acting and perceiving together, verbal and non-verbal  engagement, experiences of (dis-)connection, relations in a group, joint  meaning-making, intimacy, trust, secrecy, conflict, negotiation,  asymmetric relations, material mediation of social interaction,  collective action, contextual engagement with socio-cultural norms, etc.  These phenomena are often characterized by a strong participation by  the cognitive agent, in contrast with the spectatorial stance of social  cognition (&lt;a href=&quot;http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00234/full#B5&quot;&gt;Reddy and Morris, 2004&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a href=&quot;http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00234/full#B1&quot;&gt;De Jaegher and Di Paolo, 2007&lt;/a&gt;). We use the broader notion of &lt;i&gt;embodied intersubjectivity&lt;/i&gt; to refer to this wider set of questions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3586. &lt;div class=&quot;mb15&quot;&gt;
  3587. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3588. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3589. &lt;div class=&quot;mb15&quot;&gt;
  3590. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Forty-two contributions to this Research Topic explore  several of these themes. They combine ideas and methods from psychology,  neuroscience, philosophy of mind, phenomenology, psychiatry and  psychotherapy, social science, and language studies. The number of  contributions confirms our suspicions that there is a genuine interest  in embodied intersubjectivity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3591. &lt;div class=&quot;mb15&quot;&gt;
  3592. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3593. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3594. &lt;div class=&quot;mb15&quot;&gt;
  3595. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;All of the contributions in some way or other move  beyond traditional cognitivist perspectives. Here we can simply  highlight some of the most interesting ways in which this happens. As  already mentioned, there is a recent trend to investigate the dynamics  of actual interactive encounters between people. Several empirical  studies in this Research Topic continue further along this line. They  look at interactive encounters using methods such as thermal imaging,  interactive virtual environments, or 1/f noise analysis, or combine  existing methods with novel theoretical starting points.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3596. &lt;div class=&quot;mb15&quot;&gt;
  3597. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3598. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3599. &lt;div class=&quot;mb15&quot;&gt;
  3600. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Other work looks at aspects of embodied social  understanding which are pertinent even in the absence of ongoing  interaction. These include the richness of body kinematics, affect  regulation, and life-story analysis. A few contributions focus on how  embodied and interactive perspectives impact on developmental research.  They study real-life interactions between infants and their care-givers  in various contexts (infant pick-up, book sharing, pointing,  cooperation, and expressiveness during play in chimpanzees). Aspects of  psychopathology are explored also from an embodied intersubjective  angle, inspiring research on intra- and inter-personal emotion  regulation, social affordances, personal biography, and therapeutic  play, and their effects on somatic symptom disorders, autism, and  schizophrenia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3601. &lt;div class=&quot;mb15&quot;&gt;
  3602. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3603. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3604. &lt;div class=&quot;mb15&quot;&gt;
  3605. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Broadening the scope of relevant questions for embodied  intersubjectivity inevitably means including research on language. Many  of the contributions make headway on this matter, questioning the notion  of the common ground, the role of conformity in social understanding,  the processes involved in the activity of reading texts, and the links  between conversational coordination and meaning-making. Others  investigate the participatory nature of understanding narratives, and  the role of organizational, temporal, and inter-affective aspects in  language. Similar advances can be made in the area of connecting the  cognitive and the social sciences. This is a very fruitful but still  largely unexplored territory. A discussion is offered along Marxist  lines concerning the interaction between categories of understanding and  modes of social exchange and production. And the lessons of  embodied/enactive approaches to intersubjectivity are summoned to  contribute to understanding the phenomenological and social effects of  solitary confinement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3606. &lt;div class=&quot;mb15&quot;&gt;
  3607. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3608. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3609. &lt;div class=&quot;mb15&quot;&gt;
  3610. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Finally, some contributions elaborate theoretical and  methodological implications and concepts, and in this way contribute to  shaping the core of an embodied science of intersubjectivity.  Methodological issues include whether dynamical systems concepts can  bridge the multiple scales involved in social understanding, from the  biological and neural to the personal, interactive and societal, how  second person perspectives in cognitive science can help psychopathology  research, and whether techniques used in theater can refine intuitions  and theoretical concepts about interactive experience. Theoretical  advances include radically embodied accounts of intersubjectivity that  bring together conceptions from enactivism and ecological psychology,  the notion of intersubjective time, and a socially embodied notion of  the human self. Other discussions offer links between interpersonal  interaction and phenomenal experience, between social normativity and  conceptual abilities, or unearth the importance of opacity, i.e., the  secret, silent or hidden aspects of personal experience, for  understanding each other.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3611. &lt;div class=&quot;mb15&quot;&gt;
  3612. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3613. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3614. &lt;div class=&quot;mb15&quot;&gt;
  3615. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;It is noteworthy, and especially satisfying, that many  novel themes and questions emerged, several of them in some way related  to personal meaning. To name a few: joy, secrecy, solitude, influence of  capitalist mode of production on cognition, book sharing in infancy,  the search for comprehensiveness and integrity in interacting,  literature, and enactivism, ethics of care, shame in relation to  interaction, and the interactive building blocks of culture and  institutions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3616. &lt;div class=&quot;mb15&quot;&gt;
  3617. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3618. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3619. &lt;div class=&quot;mb0&quot;&gt;
  3620. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;Once again, we notice that the contributions to this  Research Topic demonstrate the richness of enquiry and research work  that is opened by the combination of novel methods and the bringing  together of fields that traditionally work in isolation from each other.  It also shows that criticisms of classical approaches as being  sometimes too narrow are not just idle but point to genuinely new  perspectives on concrete and everyday intersubjectivity that are opened  to investigation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3621. &lt;div class=&quot;mb0&quot;&gt;
  3622. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3623. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3624. &lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reset-hash-position&quot; href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; id=&quot;h2&quot; name=&quot;h2&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conflict of Interest Statement&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
  3625. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3626. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  3627. &lt;div class=&quot;JournalFullText&quot;&gt;
  3628. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;
  3629. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  3630. &lt;div class=&quot;mb0&quot;&gt;
  3631. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;The authors declare that the research was conducted in  the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be  construed as a potential conflict of interest.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
  3632. &lt;/div&gt;
  3633. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3634. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  3635. &lt;div class=&quot;JournalFullText&quot;&gt;
  3636. &lt;div class=&quot;mb0&quot;&gt;
  3637. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;
  3638. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3639. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reset-hash-position&quot; href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; id=&quot;h3&quot; name=&quot;h3&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;Acknowledgments&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3640. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;
  3641. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  3642. &lt;div class=&quot;mb0&quot;&gt;
  3643. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;This work is supported by the Marie-Curie Initial  Training Network, “TESIS: Towards an Embodied Science of  InterSubjectivity” (FP7-PEOPLE-2010-ITN, 264828).&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
  3644. &lt;/div&gt;
  3645. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3646. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  3647. &lt;div class=&quot;JournalFullText&quot;&gt;
  3648. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;reset-hash-position&quot; href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; id=&quot;h4&quot; name=&quot;h4&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;References&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
  3649. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3650. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  3651. &lt;div class=&quot;JournalFullText&quot;&gt;
  3652. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;
  3653. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  3654. &lt;div class=&quot;References&quot;&gt;
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  3678. &lt;div class=&quot;References&quot;&gt;
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  3682. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354304046177&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;CrossRef Full Text&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href=&quot;http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?author=V.+Reddy&amp;amp;author=P.+Morris+&amp;amp;publication_year=2004&amp;amp;title=Participants+don%27t+need+theories%3A+knowing+minds+in+engagement&amp;amp;journal=Theory+Psychol&amp;amp;volume=14&amp;amp;pages=647-665&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Google Scholar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
  3683. &lt;/div&gt;
  3684. &lt;div class=&quot;References&quot;&gt;
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  3690. &lt;div class=&quot;References&quot;&gt;
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  3693. &lt;div class=&quot;ReferencesCopy2&quot;&gt;
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  3695. &lt;/div&gt;
  3696. &lt;/div&gt;
  3697. &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3698. Here are some of the articles posted in this &lt;a href=&quot;http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/2287&quot;&gt;Research Topic&lt;/a&gt; so far. If you follow the link, you&#39;ll be on page one of four (43 articles going back to the beginning of 2014).&lt;br /&gt;
  3699. &lt;br /&gt;
  3700. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  3701. &lt;h3&gt;
  3702. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://journal.frontiersin.org/Article/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00175&quot;&gt;Enactive account of pretend play and its application to therapy &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt;
  3703. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://community.frontiersin.org/people/ZuzannaRucinska/132281&quot;&gt; Zuzanna Rucinska&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://community.frontiersin.org/people/EllenReijmers/213797&quot;&gt; Ellen Reijmers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  3704. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3705. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Perspective:&lt;/b&gt; This paper informs therapeutic practices that use play, by providing a non-standard philosophical account of pretence: the Enactive Account of Pretend Play. The EAPP holds that pretend play activity need not invoke mental representational mechanisms; ... &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3706. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3707. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Published on 02 March 2015&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3708. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Front. Psychol&lt;/i&gt;. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00175&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3709. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3710. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;* * *&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3711. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3712. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://journal.frontiersin.org/Article/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00066&quot;&gt; &lt;img src=&quot;http://www.frontiersin.org/files/MyHome%20Article%20Library/102974/102974_Thumb_400.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3713. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  3714. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://journal.frontiersin.org/Article/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00066&quot;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  3715. &lt;h3&gt;
  3716. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://journal.frontiersin.org/Article/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00066&quot;&gt; Embodied intersubjective engagement in mother–infant tactile communication: a cross-cultural study of Japanese and Scottish mother–infant behaviors during infant pick-up &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt;
  3717. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://community.frontiersin.org/people/KoichiNegayama/131353&quot;&gt; Koichi Negayama&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://community.frontiersin.org/people/JonathanDelafield-Butt/73630&quot;&gt; Jonathan T. Delafield-Butt&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://community.frontiersin.org/people/KeikoMomose/206785&quot;&gt; Keiko Momose&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://community.frontiersin.org/people/KonomiIshijima/207002&quot;&gt; Konomi Ishijima&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://community.frontiersin.org/people/NorikoKawahara/207045&quot;&gt; Noriko Kawahara&lt;/a&gt;, Erin J. Lux, &lt;a href=&quot;http://community.frontiersin.org/people/AndrewMurphy/164405&quot;&gt; Andrew Murphy&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://community.frontiersin.org/people/KonstantinosKaliarntas/203952&quot;&gt; Konstantinos Kaliarntas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  3718. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3719. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Original Research:&lt;/b&gt; This study examines the early development of cultural differences in a simple, embodied and intersubjective engagement between mothers putting down, picking up, and carrying their infants between Japan and Scotland. Eleven Japanese and 10 Scottish ... &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3720. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3721. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Published on 27 February 2015&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3722. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Front. Psychol&lt;/i&gt;. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00066&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3723. &lt;br /&gt;
  3724. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;* * * &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3725. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3726. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://journal.frontiersin.org/Article/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00068&quot;&gt; &lt;img src=&quot;http://www.frontiersin.org/files/MyHome%20Article%20Library/102902/102902_Thumb_400.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3727. &lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
  3728. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://journal.frontiersin.org/Article/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00068&quot;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  3729. &lt;br /&gt;
  3730. &lt;h3&gt;
  3731. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://journal.frontiersin.org/Article/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00068&quot;&gt;Assessing embodied interpersonal emotion regulation in somatic symptom disorders: a case study &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt;
  3732. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://community.frontiersin.org/people/ZeynepOkur_Gueney/130531&quot;&gt; Zeynep Okur Güney&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://community.frontiersin.org/people/HeribertSattel/206625&quot;&gt; Heribert Sattel&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://community.frontiersin.org/people/DanielaCardone/87440&quot;&gt; Daniela Cardone&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://community.frontiersin.org/people/ArcangeloMerla/87438&quot;&gt; Arcangelo Merla&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  3733. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3734. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Original Research: &lt;/b&gt;The aim of the present study was to examine the intra- and interpersonal emotion regulation of patients with somatic symptom disorders (SSD) during interactions with significant others (i.e. romantic partners). We presented two case couples for ...&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3735. &lt;br /&gt;
  3736. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Published on 10 February 2015&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3737. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Front. Psychol&lt;/i&gt;. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00068 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3738. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3739. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;* * *&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3740. &lt;h3&gt;
  3741. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://journal.frontiersin.org/Article/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01433&quot;&gt; Navigating beyond “here &amp;amp; now” affordances—on sensorimotor maturation and “false belief” performance &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt;
  3742. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://community.frontiersin.org/people/MariaBrincker/56786&quot;&gt; Maria Brincker&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  3743. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3744. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Perspective: &lt;/b&gt;How and when do we learn to understand other people’s perspectives and possibly divergent beliefs? This question has elicited much theoretical and empirical research. A puzzling finding has been that toddlers perform well on so-called implicit false ...&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3745. &lt;br /&gt;
  3746. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Published on 15 December 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3747. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Front. Psychol&lt;/i&gt;. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01433 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3748. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3749. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;* * * &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3750. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3751. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://journal.frontiersin.org/Article/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01390&quot;&gt; &lt;img src=&quot;http://www.frontiersin.org/files/MyHome%20Article%20Library/100684/100684_Thumb_400.jpg&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3752. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3753. &lt;h3&gt;
  3754. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://journal.frontiersin.org/Article/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01390&quot;&gt; Jointly structuring triadic spaces of meaning and action: book sharing from 3 months on &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt;
  3755. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://community.frontiersin.org/people/NicoleRossmanith/96043&quot;&gt; Nicole Rossmanith&lt;/a&gt;, Alan Costall, Andreas F. Reichelt, &lt;a href=&quot;http://community.frontiersin.org/people/BeatrizLopez/162599&quot;&gt; Beatriz López&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://community.frontiersin.org/people/VasudeviReddy/160302&quot;&gt; Vasudevi Reddy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  3756. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3757. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Original Research:&lt;/b&gt; This study explores the emergence of triadic interactions through the example of book sharing. As part of a naturalistic study, 10 infants were visited in their homes from 3-12 months. We report that (1) book sharing as a form of ...&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3758. &lt;br /&gt;
  3759. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Published on 10 December 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3760. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Front. Psychol&lt;/i&gt;. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01390 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3761. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3762. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;* * *&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3763. &lt;h3&gt;
  3764. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://journal.frontiersin.org/Article/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01397&quot;&gt; Keep meaning in conversational coordination &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt;
  3765. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://community.frontiersin.org/people/ElenaCuffari/131755&quot;&gt; Elena C. Cuffari&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  3766. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3767. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Perspective:&lt;/b&gt; Coordination is a widely employed term across recent quantitative and qualitative approaches to intersubjectivity, particularly approaches that give embodiment and enaction central explanatory roles. With a focus on linguistic and bodily coordination ...&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3768. &lt;br /&gt;
  3769. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Published on 03 December 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3770. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Front. Psychol&lt;/i&gt;. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01397 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3771. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3772. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;* * *&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3773. &lt;h3&gt;
  3774. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://journal.frontiersin.org/Article/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01354&quot;&gt; Toward an expansion of an enactive ethics with the help of care ethics &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt;
  3775. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://community.frontiersin.org/people/PetrUrban/155802&quot;&gt; Petr Urban&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  3776. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3777. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Opinion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  3778. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Published on 27 November 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3779. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Front. Psychol.&lt;/i&gt; doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01354 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3780. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3781. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;* * *&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3782. &lt;h3&gt;
  3783. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://journal.frontiersin.org/Article/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01321&quot;&gt; Enacting a social ecology: radically embodied intersubjectivity &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt;
  3784. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://community.frontiersin.org/people/MarekMcGann/55794&quot;&gt; Marek McGann&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  3785. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3786. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Hypothesis &amp;amp; Theory:&lt;/b&gt; Embodied approaches to cognitive science frequently describe the mind as “world-involving”, indicating complementary and interdependent relationships between an agent and its environment. The precise nature of the environment is frequently left ...&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3787. &lt;br /&gt;
  3788. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Published on 18 November 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3789. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Front. Psychol.&lt;/i&gt; doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01321 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3790. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3791. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;* * * &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3792. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3793. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://journal.frontiersin.org/Article/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01281&quot;&gt; &lt;img src=&quot;http://www.frontiersin.org/files/MyHome%20Article%20Library/102120/102120_Thumb_400.jpg&quot; /&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  3794. &lt;h3&gt;
  3795. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://journal.frontiersin.org/Article/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01281&quot;&gt;Quantifying long-range correlations and 1/f patterns in a minimal experiment of social interaction &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt;
  3796. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://community.frontiersin.org/people/ManuelBedia/51759&quot;&gt; Manuel G. Bedia&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://community.frontiersin.org/people/MiguelAguilera/77180&quot;&gt; Miguel Aguilera&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://community.frontiersin.org/people/Tom%C3%A1sG%C3%B3mez/191948&quot;&gt; Tomás Gómez&lt;/a&gt;, David G. Larrode and Francisco Seron &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3797. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3798. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Original ResearchIn recent years, researchers in social cognition have found the `perceptual crossing paradigm&#39; to be both a theoretical and practical advance towards meeting particular challenges. This paradigm has been used to analyze the type of interactive ...&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3799. &lt;br /&gt;
  3800. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Published on 12 November 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3801. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Front. Psychol&lt;/i&gt;. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01281 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3802. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3803. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;* * *&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3804. &lt;h3&gt;
  3805. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://journal.frontiersin.org/Article/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01286&quot;&gt; Why call bodily sense making “languaging”? &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt;
  3806. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://community.frontiersin.org/people/GiovannaColombetti/153738&quot;&gt; Giovanna Colombetti&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  3807. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3808. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;General Commentary &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3809. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Published on 07 November 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3810. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Front. Psychol&lt;/i&gt;. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01286 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3811. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3812. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;* * *&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3813. &lt;h3&gt;
  3814. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://journal.frontiersin.org/Article/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01233&quot;&gt; Pooling the ground: understanding and coordination in collective sense making &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h3&gt;
  3815. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://community.frontiersin.org/people/AgnieszkaDebska/166796&quot;&gt; Joanna Rączaszek-Leonardi&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://community.frontiersin.org/people/JoannaRaczaszek-Leonardi/158103&quot;&gt; Agnieszka Dębska&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://community.frontiersin.org/people/AdamSochanowicz/169239&quot;&gt; Adam Sochanowicz&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
  3816. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3817. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Hypothesis &amp;amp; Theory:&lt;/b&gt; Common ground is most often understood as the sum of mutually known beliefs, knowledge and suppositions among the participants in a conversation. It explains why participants do not mention things that should be obvious to both. In some accounts of ... &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3818. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3819. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Published on 07 November 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  3820. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75;&quot;&gt;Front. Psychol. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01233 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
  3821. </description><link>http://integral-options.blogspot.com/2015/03/toward-embodied-science-of.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (william harryman)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item></channel></rss>

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