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<dc:date>2025-10-14T05:10:51-07:00</dc:date>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:prism="http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/" version="2.0"> <channel> <title>Wiley: American Journal of Human Biology: Table of Contents</title> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15206300?af=R</link> <description>Table of Contents for American Journal of Human Biology. List of articles from both the latest and EarlyView issues.</description> <language>en-US</language> <copyright>© Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</copyright> <managingEditor>wileyonlinelibrary@wiley.com (Wiley Online Library)</managingEditor> <pubDate>Sun, 19 Oct 2025 07:24:57 +0000</pubDate> <lastBuildDate>Sun, 19 Oct 2025 07:24:57 +0000</lastBuildDate> <generator>Atypon® Literatum™</generator> <docs>https://validator.w3.org/feed/docs/rss2.html</docs> <ttl>10080</ttl> <dc:title>Wiley: American Journal of Human Biology: Table of Contents</dc:title> <dc:publisher>Wiley</dc:publisher> <prism:publicationName>American Journal of Human Biology</prism:publicationName> <atom:link href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15206300?af=R" rel="self" type="application/atom+xml"/> <image> <title>Wiley: American Journal of Human Biology: Table of Contents</title> <url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/pb-assets/journal-banners/15206300.jpg</url> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15206300?af=R</link> </image> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajhb.70153?af=R</link> <pubDate>Tue, 14 Oct 2025 05:10:51 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-10-14T05:10:51-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15206300?af=R">Wiley: American Journal of Human Biology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDate> <prism:coverDisplayDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDisplayDate> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/ajhb.70153</guid> <title>Correction to “Immunity Switches and Macrophage Manipulations: Trauma, Ovulation, and Depression as Latent Tuberculosis Reactivation Risks”</title> <description>American Journal of Human Biology, Volume 37, Issue 10, October 2025. </description> <dc:description/> <content:encoded/> <dc:creator/> <category>CORRECTION</category> <dc:title>Correction to “Immunity Switches and Macrophage Manipulations: Trauma, Ovulation, and Depression as Latent Tuberculosis Reactivation Risks”</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/ajhb.70153</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>American Journal of Human Biology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/ajhb.70153</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajhb.70153?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>CORRECTION</prism:section> <prism:volume>37</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajhb.70158?af=R</link> <pubDate>Mon, 13 Oct 2025 03:25:11 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-10-13T03:25:11-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15206300?af=R">Wiley: American Journal of Human Biology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDate> <prism:coverDisplayDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDisplayDate> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/ajhb.70158</guid> <title>Time‐Trends in the Adiposity and Fat Distribution Among Children and Adolescents From Kraków (Poland) Since the Beginning of the 21st Century (From 2000 to 2020)</title> <description>American Journal of Human Biology, Volume 37, Issue 10, October 2025. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACT ObjectivesChanges in the level of fatness and fat distribution in children and adolescents at the beginning of the 21st century are an important multifaceted problem. The study aimed to assess the changes in the skinfold thickness and fat distribution in children and adolescents aged 8–18 from Kraków, Poland. MethodsThe study group (8500 girls and boys) consisted of the results of three cross‐sectional studies (2000, 2010, 2020). It was divided according to sex and age. Analyzed parameters included five skinfolds, their sum, limbs‐to‐trunk, and trunk adiposity indicators. ResultsIn both sexes, the triceps skinfold decreased, while the subscapular skinfold increased in most age groups. The abdominal skinfold increased, but in girls only in younger groups. The suprailiac and calf skinfold changes varied, depending on sex and age. The sum of skinfolds increased in boys, but in older girls, it had a negative trend. The trunk adiposity index had a negative trend only in younger girls, while the limbs‐to‐trunk adiposity index increased across all ages, the same as in boys. ConclusionThere was a trend toward central fat allocation, despite a decrease in skinfold thickness in some groups. This is concerning as central adiposity is associated with an increased health risk. There were also differences between sexes—perhaps girls more often control their body weight and boys exhibit less favorable dietary habits. </dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><h2>Objectives</h2><p>Changes in the level of fatness and fat distribution in children and adolescents at the beginning of the 21st century are an important multifaceted problem. The study aimed to assess the changes in the skinfold thickness and fat distribution in children and adolescents aged 8–18 from Kraków, Poland.</p><h2>Methods</h2><p>The study group (8500 girls and boys) consisted of the results of three cross-sectional studies (2000, 2010, 2020). It was divided according to sex and age. Analyzed parameters included five skinfolds, their sum, limbs-to-trunk, and trunk adiposity indicators.</p><h2>Results</h2><p>In both sexes, the triceps skinfold decreased, while the subscapular skinfold increased in most age groups. The abdominal skinfold increased, but in girls only in younger groups. The suprailiac and calf skinfold changes varied, depending on sex and age. The sum of skinfolds increased in boys, but in older girls, it had a negative trend. The trunk adiposity index had a negative trend only in younger girls, while the limbs-to-trunk adiposity index increased across all ages, the same as in boys.</p><h2>Conclusion</h2><p>There was a trend toward central fat allocation, despite a decrease in skinfold thickness in some groups. This is concerning as central adiposity is associated with an increased health risk. There were also differences between sexes—perhaps girls more often control their body weight and boys exhibit less favorable dietary habits.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>Łukasz Kryst, Magdalena Żegleń, Agnieszka Woronkowicz, Małgorzata Kowal</dc:creator> <category>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</category> <dc:title>Time‐Trends in the Adiposity and Fat Distribution Among Children and Adolescents From Kraków (Poland) Since the Beginning of the 21st Century (From 2000 to 2020)</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/ajhb.70158</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>American Journal of Human Biology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/ajhb.70158</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajhb.70158?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</prism:section> <prism:volume>37</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajhb.70154?af=R</link> <pubDate>Thu, 09 Oct 2025 02:33:38 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-10-09T02:33:38-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15206300?af=R">Wiley: American Journal of Human Biology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDate> <prism:coverDisplayDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDisplayDate> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/ajhb.70154</guid> <title>Sedentarization and Child Health: A Case Study of the Nutritional Status of Children Under 5 Years Old in the Lower Omo Valley, Ethiopia</title> <description>American Journal of Human Biology, Volume 37, Issue 10, October 2025. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACT ObjectivesThis study evaluates differences in the nutritional status of children under 5 years old among the Bodi (Mela) of southwest Ethiopia, in the context of a sedentarization program which involved resettlement of pastoralist families in government‐designed villages (villagization sites). MethodsData were collected in 2013 from two settings: state‐run villagization sites (Hana), where families were forcibly resettled 6–18 months earlier to farm and receive food aid, and comparison communities in cattle camps (Gura). Families with at least one child under 5 years old were recruited. Household characteristics, disease incidence, infant feeding practices, and anthropometric measurements (weight, height, mid‐upper arm circumference, triceps skinfold, and head circumference) were recorded. Age‐adjusted z‐scores were calculated and compared between sites. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from Emory University, Wolaita Sodo University, and the Southern Nations, Nationalities and People's Region Health Bureau. ResultsA total of 106 children from 75 families participated (40 in Hana, 35 in Gura). Nearly one‐third of the children were stunted (31.5%) or underweight (27.4%), while 7.6% were wasted. Anthropometric measurements did not differ significantly between the two sites; however, in a sex‐stratified analysis, boys in the villagization site had higher weight‐for‐height but lower triceps skinfold‐for‐age than those in the comparison site. No significant difference in the proportion wasted was observed. Families in Hana were less likely to report their child having consumed animal milk in the past 24 h and more likely to report a case of diarrhea in the past month. ConclusionsApproximately 1 year after sedentarization, there was no consistent pattern of change in nutritional status among children in resettled families compared to those in pastoralist families. </dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><h2>Objectives</h2><p>This study evaluates differences in the nutritional status of children under 5 years old among the Bodi (Mela) of southwest Ethiopia, in the context of a sedentarization program which involved resettlement of pastoralist families in government-designed villages (villagization sites).</p><h2>Methods</h2><p>Data were collected in 2013 from two settings: state-run villagization sites (Hana), where families were forcibly resettled 6–18 months earlier to farm and receive food aid, and comparison communities in cattle camps (Gura). Families with at least one child under 5 years old were recruited. Household characteristics, disease incidence, infant feeding practices, and anthropometric measurements (weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference, triceps skinfold, and head circumference) were recorded. Age-adjusted <i>z</i>-scores were calculated and compared between sites. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from Emory University, Wolaita Sodo University, and the Southern Nations, Nationalities and People's Region Health Bureau.</p><h2>Results</h2><p>A total of 106 children from 75 families participated (40 in Hana, 35 in Gura). Nearly one-third of the children were stunted (31.5%) or underweight (27.4%), while 7.6% were wasted. Anthropometric measurements did not differ significantly between the two sites; however, in a sex-stratified analysis, boys in the villagization site had higher weight-for-height but lower triceps skinfold-for-age than those in the comparison site. No significant difference in the proportion wasted was observed. Families in Hana were less likely to report their child having consumed animal milk in the past 24 h and more likely to report a case of diarrhea in the past month.</p><h2>Conclusions</h2><p>Approximately 1 year after sedentarization, there was no consistent pattern of change in nutritional status among children in resettled families compared to those in pastoralist families.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>Sarai M. Keestra, Bereket Yohannes Kabalo, Ehsan Kharati Koopaei, Lucie Buffavand, Tsegaye Demissie Gemebo, Yalew Ayele, Edward G. J. Stevenson</dc:creator> <category>SHORT REPORT</category> <dc:title>Sedentarization and Child Health: A Case Study of the Nutritional Status of Children Under 5 Years Old in the Lower Omo Valley, Ethiopia</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/ajhb.70154</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>American Journal of Human Biology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/ajhb.70154</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajhb.70154?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>SHORT REPORT</prism:section> <prism:volume>37</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajhb.70157?af=R</link> <pubDate>Thu, 09 Oct 2025 02:28:16 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-10-09T02:28:16-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15206300?af=R">Wiley: American Journal of Human Biology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDate> <prism:coverDisplayDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDisplayDate> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/ajhb.70157</guid> <title>Embedding Multilevel and Dynamic Systems Approaches in Anthropological Causal Inference: Commentary on Watson et al. (2025)</title> <description>American Journal of Human Biology, Volume 37, Issue 10, October 2025. </description> <dc:description/> <content:encoded/> <dc:creator>Schawanya K. Rattanapitoon, Nav La, Thawatchai Eaksanti, Nathkapach K. Rattanapitoon</dc:creator> <category>LETTER TO THE EDITOR</category> <dc:title>Embedding Multilevel and Dynamic Systems Approaches in Anthropological Causal Inference: Commentary on Watson et al. (2025)</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/ajhb.70157</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>American Journal of Human Biology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/ajhb.70157</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajhb.70157?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>LETTER TO THE EDITOR</prism:section> <prism:volume>37</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajhb.70141?af=R</link> <pubDate>Tue, 07 Oct 2025 02:52:37 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-10-07T02:52:37-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15206300?af=R">Wiley: American Journal of Human Biology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDate> <prism:coverDisplayDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDisplayDate> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/ajhb.70141</guid> <title>Excess Body Fat and Associated Factors in 7‐ to 10‐Year‐Old Schoolchildren in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil: Trend Analysis of Four Cross‐Sectional Surveys, 2002–2019</title> <description>American Journal of Human Biology, Volume 37, Issue 10, October 2025. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACT ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the trend and factors associated with body fat percentage in 7‐ to 10‐year‐old schoolchildren in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, from 2002 to 2019. MethodsThis is a trend analysis of four cross‐sectional surveys involving 6597 schoolchildren attending public and private schools. Body fat percentage (outcome variable) was calculated from triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses using Lohman equations and categorized into “no excess body fat” and “excess body fat.” Sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics were also investigated. Trends and associated factors were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. ResultsThe prevalence of excess body fat was 22.6%, 25.5%, 37.5%, and 33.6% in 2002, 2007, 2013, and 2019, respectively, representing a 48.6% increase from 2002 to 2019. Schoolchildren assessed in 2013 (OR = 1.93) and 2019 (OR = 1.69), as well as those who were male (OR = 1.0) or older (9–10 years) (OR = 1.60), were more likely to have excess body fat. ConclusionsThe increasing trends of body fat percentage and excess body fat in 7‐ to 10‐year‐old schoolchildren from 2002 to 2019 underscore the need for targeted strategies to address the growing rates of childhood obesity, with particular attention to high‐risk groups. </dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><h2>Objectives</h2><p>This study aimed to assess the trend and factors associated with body fat percentage in 7- to 10-year-old schoolchildren in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, from 2002 to 2019.</p><h2>Methods</h2><p>This is a trend analysis of four cross-sectional surveys involving 6597 schoolchildren attending public and private schools. Body fat percentage (outcome variable) was calculated from triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses using Lohman equations and categorized into “no excess body fat” and “excess body fat.” Sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics were also investigated. Trends and associated factors were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.</p><h2>Results</h2><p>The prevalence of excess body fat was 22.6%, 25.5%, 37.5%, and 33.6% in 2002, 2007, 2013, and 2019, respectively, representing a 48.6% increase from 2002 to 2019. Schoolchildren assessed in 2013 (OR = 1.93) and 2019 (OR = 1.69), as well as those who were male (OR = 1.0) or older (9–10 years) (OR = 1.60), were more likely to have excess body fat.</p><h2>Conclusions</h2><p>The increasing trends of body fat percentage and excess body fat in 7- to 10-year-old schoolchildren from 2002 to 2019 underscore the need for targeted strategies to address the growing rates of childhood obesity, with particular attention to high-risk groups.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>Francisca Maria Carvalho Nascimento, Patrícia de Fragas Hinnig, Mayara Luiza Vermohlem Garcia, Francisco de Assis Guedes de Vasconcelos, Cristine Garcia Gabriel</dc:creator> <category>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</category> <dc:title>Excess Body Fat and Associated Factors in 7‐ to 10‐Year‐Old Schoolchildren in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil: Trend Analysis of Four Cross‐Sectional Surveys, 2002–2019</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/ajhb.70141</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>American Journal of Human Biology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/ajhb.70141</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajhb.70141?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</prism:section> <prism:volume>37</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajhb.70155?af=R</link> <pubDate>Mon, 06 Oct 2025 04:00:28 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-10-06T04:00:28-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15206300?af=R">Wiley: American Journal of Human Biology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDate> <prism:coverDisplayDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDisplayDate> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/ajhb.70155</guid> <title>When and Why Do Sex Differences in Handgrip Strength Emerge? Age‐Varying Effects of Testosterone From Childhood to Older Adulthood</title> <description>American Journal of Human Biology, Volume 37, Issue 10, October 2025. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACT ObjectivesOn average, males are stronger than females, with hormonal changes during puberty often cited as a contributing factor to this advantage. However, not all evidence consistently supports this explanation. The purpose of this study was to determine (1) when sex differences in handgrip strength and testosterone emerge, and (2) whether testosterone mediates the sex difference in handgrip strength and if this effect varies across age. MethodsTime‐varying effect modeling (TVEM) was used to examine age‐specific trajectories of handgrip strength and testosterone, and to assess whether these trajectories differed by sex. A moderated mediation analysis was conducted to test whether the sex difference in handgrip strength was mediated by testosterone level, and whether this effect varied across age. Data were drawn from the 2011–2012 and 2013–2014 cycles (N = 11,035) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. ResultsTVEM indicated that the sex difference in handgrip strength emerged at age 8, whereas the sex difference in testosterone level became evident at age 10. A moderated mediation analysis revealed that testosterone mediated the association between sex and handgrip strength, and this effect decreased with age (IMM = −0.18, 95% CI: −0.20, −0.16). ConclusionSex difference in handgrip strength appears to be driven, in part, by the testosterone levels. However, this difference can be observed even before the onset of puberty, which suggests that testosterone alone does not fully explain the sex difference in muscle strength. This finding may have important implications for decisions regarding inclusivity and fairness in sports that emphasize strength. </dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><h2>Objectives</h2><p>On average, males are stronger than females, with hormonal changes during puberty often cited as a contributing factor to this advantage. However, not all evidence consistently supports this explanation. The purpose of this study was to determine (1) when sex differences in handgrip strength and testosterone emerge, and (2) whether testosterone mediates the sex difference in handgrip strength and if this effect varies across age.</p><h2>Methods</h2><p>Time-varying effect modeling (TVEM) was used to examine age-specific trajectories of handgrip strength and testosterone, and to assess whether these trajectories differed by sex. A moderated mediation analysis was conducted to test whether the sex difference in handgrip strength was mediated by testosterone level, and whether this effect varied across age. Data were drawn from the 2011–2012 and 2013–2014 cycles (<i>N</i> = 11,035) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.</p><h2>Results</h2><p>TVEM indicated that the sex difference in handgrip strength emerged at age 8, whereas the sex difference in testosterone level became evident at age 10. A moderated mediation analysis revealed that testosterone mediated the association between sex and handgrip strength, and this effect decreased with age (IMM = −0.18, 95% CI: −0.20, −0.16).</p><h2>Conclusion</h2><p>Sex difference in handgrip strength appears to be driven, in part, by the testosterone levels. However, this difference can be observed even before the onset of puberty, which suggests that testosterone alone does not fully explain the sex difference in muscle strength. This finding may have important implications for decisions regarding inclusivity and fairness in sports that emphasize strength.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>Jun Seob Song, Heontae Kim, Myungjin Jung</dc:creator> <category>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</category> <dc:title>When and Why Do Sex Differences in Handgrip Strength Emerge? Age‐Varying Effects of Testosterone From Childhood to Older Adulthood</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/ajhb.70155</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>American Journal of Human Biology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/ajhb.70155</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajhb.70155?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</prism:section> <prism:volume>37</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajhb.70151?af=R</link> <pubDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:23:19 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-10-01T12:23:19-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15206300?af=R">Wiley: American Journal of Human Biology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDate> <prism:coverDisplayDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDisplayDate> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/ajhb.70151</guid> <title>Body Size and Risk of Death During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic in Alaska</title> <description>American Journal of Human Biology, Volume 37, Issue 10, October 2025. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACTIn the aftermath of the 2009 H1N1 influenza A pandemic, research revealed the relationship between body size and the severity of influenza outcomes. However, there is little data available on body size in historical populations; therefore, the relationship between body size and 1918 influenza pandemic outcomes is virtually unknown. Alaskan death records from the Alaska Bureau of Vital Statistics with recorded height and mass at death (n = 2724) were analyzed to illuminate this relationship during both the pandemic (1918–20) and a non‐pandemic period (1917, 1921–25). Binomial logistic regression models were fit to predict the likelihood of a P&I death against four other major causes of death, first using only BMI as a predictor, then controlling for demographic variables. BMI alone can predict the probability of P&I death, but only during the pandemic period (p < 0.001). BMI (ORs = 0.90–1.51), all regions (ORs = 2.08–9.17), age (OR = 0.98), sex (male: OR = 0.66–0.75), and ethnicity group (non‐Alaska Native: OR = 0.36–0.37) significantly predicted the likelihood of a P&I death during the pandemic. The results suggest that as BMI increases, the risk of P&I death also increases with additional predictors, but only during the 1918 influenza pandemic period. There is no significant relationship between BMI and P&I death outside of pandemic years. This result may contribute an additional unique feature to our understanding of the 1918 influenza pandemic and its epidemiological novelty. This research further contributes new data on historical population biology and contextualizes results within the framework of developmental origins of health and disease for ultimate explanations of differential risks between Alaska Native and settler populations.</dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><p>In the aftermath of the 2009 H1N1 influenza A pandemic, research revealed the relationship between body size and the severity of influenza outcomes. However, there is little data available on body size in historical populations; therefore, the relationship between body size and 1918 influenza pandemic outcomes is virtually unknown. Alaskan death records from the Alaska Bureau of Vital Statistics with recorded height and mass at death (<i>n</i> = 2724) were analyzed to illuminate this relationship during both the pandemic (1918–20) and a non-pandemic period (1917, 1921–25). Binomial logistic regression models were fit to predict the likelihood of a P&amp;I death against four other major causes of death, first using only BMI as a predictor, then controlling for demographic variables. BMI alone can predict the probability of P&amp;I death, but only during the pandemic period (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). BMI (ORs = 0.90–1.51), all regions (ORs = 2.08–9.17), age (OR = 0.98), sex (male: OR = 0.66–0.75), and ethnicity group (non-Alaska Native: OR = 0.36–0.37) significantly predicted the likelihood of a P&amp;I death during the pandemic. The results suggest that as BMI increases, the risk of P&amp;I death also increases with additional predictors, but only during the 1918 influenza pandemic period. There is no significant relationship between BMI and P&amp;I death outside of pandemic years. This result may contribute an additional unique feature to our understanding of the 1918 influenza pandemic and its epidemiological novelty. This research further contributes new data on historical population biology and contextualizes results within the framework of developmental origins of health and disease for ultimate explanations of differential risks between Alaska Native and settler populations.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>Taylor P. van Doren, Lauren E. Steele, Emma Tinker‐Fortel, Lisa Sattenspiel</dc:creator> <category>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</category> <dc:title>Body Size and Risk of Death During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic in Alaska</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/ajhb.70151</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>American Journal of Human Biology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/ajhb.70151</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajhb.70151?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</prism:section> <prism:volume>37</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajhb.70152?af=R</link> <pubDate>Tue, 30 Sep 2025 23:41:05 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-09-30T11:41:05-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15206300?af=R">Wiley: American Journal of Human Biology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDate> <prism:coverDisplayDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDisplayDate> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/ajhb.70152</guid> <title>Genetic Variability of Roma Population in Serbia: The Perspective From Uniparentally Inherited Markers</title> <description>American Journal of Human Biology, Volume 37, Issue 10, October 2025. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACTThe Roma represent a widespread ethnic minority in Europe that has a unique genetic ancestry shaped by a string of population bottlenecks, differential gene flow from/to the general population, and founder effects during their migrations. This study aimed to further characterize the diversity of the Roma population in Serbia and assess the substructuring within the population from the perspective of the mtDNA and Y chromosome. The control region of the mtDNA of 269 samples was sequenced, and 27 Y‐STRs and 22 Y‐SNPs were analyzed in 165 male samples. We classified samples in concordance with the previously published study on Serbian Roma, based on the geographical region of origin and religious affiliation, and evaluated their genetic relationships with Roma and general populations from the countries throughout their migrational route. Despite the dominance of the ancestral lineages in the paternal genetic pool, a higher diversity was noted in the mtDNA pool. Signals of bidirectional local male gene flow were shown by the presence of the haplogroup H‐M2972 among the Serbian population and the high frequency of the I‐L621 lineage among Roma. Our results highlight intrapopulation substructuring reflected in different proportions of South Asian and heterogeneity of West Eurasian lineages in both markers across different geographical and religious Roma groups. Asymmetrical gene flow was observed within all Roma subpopulations, while the male‐biased gene flow was observed only within the predominantly Orthodox group from the central region of Serbia. Our data reveal the diversity of both uniparental pools of Serbian Roma and emphasize the role of religious affiliation in patterns of admixture with the general population.</dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><p>The Roma represent a widespread ethnic minority in Europe that has a unique genetic ancestry shaped by a string of population bottlenecks, differential gene flow from/to the general population, and founder effects during their migrations. This study aimed to further characterize the diversity of the Roma population in Serbia and assess the substructuring within the population from the perspective of the mtDNA and Y chromosome. The control region of the mtDNA of 269 samples was sequenced, and 27 Y-STRs and 22 Y-SNPs were analyzed in 165 male samples. We classified samples in concordance with the previously published study on Serbian Roma, based on the geographical region of origin and religious affiliation, and evaluated their genetic relationships with Roma and general populations from the countries throughout their migrational route. Despite the dominance of the ancestral lineages in the paternal genetic pool, a higher diversity was noted in the mtDNA pool. Signals of bidirectional local male gene flow were shown by the presence of the haplogroup H-M2972 among the Serbian population and the high frequency of the I-L621 lineage among Roma. Our results highlight intrapopulation substructuring reflected in different proportions of South Asian and heterogeneity of West Eurasian lineages in both markers across different geographical and religious Roma groups. Asymmetrical gene flow was observed within all Roma subpopulations, while the male-biased gene flow was observed only within the predominantly Orthodox group from the central region of Serbia. Our data reveal the diversity of both uniparental pools of Serbian Roma and emphasize the role of religious affiliation in patterns of admixture with the general population.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>Vanja Tanasic, Marija Vukovic, Milica Mihajlovic Srejic, Miljana Kecmanovic, Milica Keckarevic Markovic, Dusan Keckarevic</dc:creator> <category>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</category> <dc:title>Genetic Variability of Roma Population in Serbia: The Perspective From Uniparentally Inherited Markers</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/ajhb.70152</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>American Journal of Human Biology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/ajhb.70152</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajhb.70152?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</prism:section> <prism:volume>37</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajhb.70138?af=R</link> <pubDate>Tue, 30 Sep 2025 03:05:56 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-09-30T03:05:56-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15206300?af=R">Wiley: American Journal of Human Biology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDate> <prism:coverDisplayDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDisplayDate> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/ajhb.70138</guid> <title>Doing Science With Our Grandmother's WISDOM: A Worldview Integrating Sociality, Diversity, and Observant Meaning‐Making</title> <description>American Journal of Human Biology, Volume 37, Issue 10, October 2025. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACTThe contemporary moment is defined and marred by geopolitical sorrow‐with genocide in Gaza, and wars in Sudan and Ukraine to mention some‐devastating the lives of millions of people. The resulting geopolitical, ecological, communal, and personal devastation will last for generations in concrete and substantive ways, as the legacy of war and genocide stays with those who survive. In this perspective, we highlight an example of this by discussing new lines of evidence for intergenerational epigenetic transmission of sustained, war‐related trauma. Here we articulate a novel frame labeled WISDOM: a Worldview Integrating Sociality, Diversity, and Observant Meaning‐making. This framing aims to facilitate rigorous science in the relatively uncharted domains of biocultural approaches to intergenerational trauma, survival, and resilience. WISDOM is a perspective with practical components, focused primarily on trauma but applicable to other foci at the confluence of biological and social sciences.</dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><p>The contemporary moment is defined and marred by geopolitical sorrow-with genocide in Gaza, and wars in Sudan and Ukraine to mention some-devastating the lives of millions of people. The resulting geopolitical, ecological, communal, and personal devastation will last for generations in concrete and substantive ways, as the legacy of war and genocide stays with those who survive. In this perspective, we highlight an example of this by discussing new lines of evidence for intergenerational epigenetic transmission of sustained, war-related trauma. Here we articulate a novel frame labeled WISDOM: a Worldview Integrating Sociality, Diversity, and Observant Meaning-making. This framing aims to facilitate rigorous science in the relatively uncharted domains of biocultural approaches to intergenerational trauma, survival, and resilience. WISDOM is a perspective with practical components, focused primarily on trauma but applicable to other foci at the confluence of biological and social sciences.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>Rana Dajani, Delaney Glass, Agustin Fuentes</dc:creator> <category>COMMENTARY</category> <dc:title>Doing Science With Our Grandmother's WISDOM: A Worldview Integrating Sociality, Diversity, and Observant Meaning‐Making</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/ajhb.70138</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>American Journal of Human Biology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/ajhb.70138</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajhb.70138?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>COMMENTARY</prism:section> <prism:volume>37</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajhb.24102?af=R</link> <pubDate>Tue, 30 Sep 2025 02:27:48 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-09-30T02:27:48-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15206300?af=R">Wiley: American Journal of Human Biology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDate> <prism:coverDisplayDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDisplayDate> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/ajhb.24102</guid> <title>Issue Information</title> <description>American Journal of Human Biology, Volume 37, Issue 10, October 2025. </description> <dc:description/> <content:encoded/> <dc:creator/> <category>ISSUE INFORMATION</category> <dc:title>Issue Information</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/ajhb.24102</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>American Journal of Human Biology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/ajhb.24102</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajhb.24102?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>ISSUE INFORMATION</prism:section> <prism:volume>37</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> </item> <item> <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajhb.70150?af=R</link> <pubDate>Tue, 30 Sep 2025 00:00:00 -0700</pubDate> <dc:date>2025-09-30T12:00:00-07:00</dc:date> <source url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15206300?af=R">Wiley: American Journal of Human Biology: Table of Contents</source> <prism:coverDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDate> <prism:coverDisplayDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0700</prism:coverDisplayDate> <guid isPermaLink="false">10.1002/ajhb.70150</guid> <title>Neandertal Cold Adaptation: Technological, Anatomical, and Physiological Responses to Cold Stress in One of Our Closest Fossil Relatives</title> <description>American Journal of Human Biology, Volume 37, Issue 10, October 2025. </description> <dc:description>ABSTRACTNeandertals occupied western Eurasia for over 100 000 years, repeatedly enduring climates that ranged from seasonally cold to glacial. This paper reexamines the question of Neandertal cold adaptation using updated fossil, physiological, and archaeological evidence. While some populations lived outside glacial extremes, all faced periodic cold stress, and their survival depended on a diverse set of strategies. Technological buffers, including fire use, hide processing tools, and possible clothing and footwear, likely played a primary role in reducing cold exposure. Anatomically, Neandertals exhibit high body mass, broad trunks, and abbreviated limbs, consistent with thermoregulatory principles. The Neandertal nasal region, long considered paradoxical, now appears well suited to cold‐dry air‐conditioning; computational fluid dynamics and new endoscopic data support a functionally integrated nasal cavity with substantial internal surface area. Physiological adaptations remain inferential but plausible, including elevated basal metabolism, energy‐dense diets, and potential use of brown adipose tissue. These factors likely contributed to high total energy expenditures, enabling thermoregulation in demanding environments. Rather than a single trait or “signature” adaptation, Neandertals present an integrated response to cold stress shaped by geography, development, culture, and genetics. This holistic view reframes Neandertal biology as deeply thermally engaged and sets the stage for targeted tests of function and mechanism in future research.</dc:description> <content:encoded><h2>ABSTRACT</h2><p>Neandertals occupied western Eurasia for over 100 000 years, repeatedly enduring climates that ranged from seasonally cold to glacial. This paper reexamines the question of Neandertal cold adaptation using updated fossil, physiological, and archaeological evidence. While some populations lived outside glacial extremes, all faced periodic cold stress, and their survival depended on a diverse set of strategies. Technological buffers, including fire use, hide processing tools, and possible clothing and footwear, likely played a primary role in reducing cold exposure. Anatomically, Neandertals exhibit high body mass, broad trunks, and abbreviated limbs, consistent with thermoregulatory principles. The Neandertal nasal region, long considered paradoxical, now appears well suited to cold-dry air-conditioning; computational fluid dynamics and new endoscopic data support a functionally integrated nasal cavity with substantial internal surface area. Physiological adaptations remain inferential but plausible, including elevated basal metabolism, energy-dense diets, and potential use of brown adipose tissue. These factors likely contributed to high total energy expenditures, enabling thermoregulation in demanding environments. Rather than a single trait or “signature” adaptation, Neandertals present an integrated response to cold stress shaped by geography, development, culture, and genetics. This holistic view reframes Neandertal biology as deeply thermally engaged and sets the stage for targeted tests of function and mechanism in future research.</p></content:encoded> <dc:creator>Trenton W. Holliday, Cara Ocobock, Libby W. Cowgill, Scott D. Maddux</dc:creator> <category>SPECIAL ISSUE ARTICLE</category> <dc:title>Neandertal Cold Adaptation: Technological, Anatomical, and Physiological Responses to Cold Stress in One of Our Closest Fossil Relatives</dc:title> <dc:identifier>10.1002/ajhb.70150</dc:identifier> <prism:publicationName>American Journal of Human Biology</prism:publicationName> <prism:doi>10.1002/ajhb.70150</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajhb.70150?af=R</prism:url> <prism:section>SPECIAL ISSUE ARTICLE</prism:section> <prism:volume>37</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> </item> </channel></rss> If you would like to create a banner that links to this page (i.e. this validation result), do the following:
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