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  1. <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7987216743922559118</id><updated>2024-04-19T06:04:34.624-07:00</updated><category term="copyright"/><category term="public domain"/><category term="fair use"/><category term="trademarks"/><category term="trademark"/><category term="music"/><category term="permission"/><category term="photography"/><category term="right of publicity"/><category term="registration"/><category term="patent"/><category term="patents"/><category term="license"/><category term="infringement"/><category term="work made for hire"/><category term="books"/><category term="music publisher"/><category term="video"/><category term="NDA"/><category term="derivative"/><category term="publication"/><category term="DMCA"/><category term="architecture"/><category term="design patent"/><category term="sports"/><category term="assignment"/><category term="compulsory license"/><category term="contracts"/><category term="permissions"/><category term="poetry"/><category term="provisional patent application"/><category term="quotes"/><category term="trade secrets"/><category term="artwork"/><category term="lyrics"/><category term="release"/><category term="YouTube"/><category term="foreign"/><category term="invasion of privacy"/><category term="performance rights organization"/><category term="short phrase"/><category term="LLC"/><category term="blog"/><category term="co-owner"/><category term="movie"/><category term="band"/><category term="characters"/><category term="defamation"/><category term="disney"/><category term="documentary"/><category term="domain names"/><category term="first sale"/><category term="movies"/><category term="photos"/><category term="renewal"/><category term="abandonment"/><category term="character"/><category term="contract"/><category term="dolls"/><category term="ebooks"/><category term="educational"/><category term="invention"/><category term="prior art"/><category term="royalties"/><category term="sync license"/><category term="taxes"/><category term="trade secret"/><category term="EULA"/><category term="america invents act"/><category term="apps"/><category term="corporation"/><category term="domain name"/><category term="film"/><category term="life rights"/><category term="likelihood of confusion"/><category term="merger doctrine"/><category term="nonprofit"/><category term="sampling"/><category term="song"/><category term="songwriting"/><category term="t-shirt"/><category term="television"/><category term="trademark class"/><category term="translation"/><category term="BMI"/><category term="DRM"/><category term="application"/><category term="art"/><category term="author"/><category term="compilation"/><category term="copyright registration"/><category term="crafts"/><category term="employees"/><category term="facts"/><category term="fees"/><category term="generic"/><category term="implied license"/><category term="jurisdiction"/><category term="learned hand"/><category term="newspaper"/><category term="notice"/><category term="parody"/><category term="patent drawings"/><category term="public performance"/><category term="publishing"/><category term="reversion"/><category term="search"/><category term="software"/><category term="sound recording"/><category term="star wars"/><category term="transformative"/><category term="video game"/><category term="website"/><category term="ICANN"/><category term="bands"/><category term="baseball"/><category term="board game"/><category term="celebrity"/><category term="charity"/><category term="copying"/><category term="counterfeit"/><category term="cover song"/><category term="database"/><category term="deposit"/><category term="derivatives"/><category term="dilution"/><category term="disclaimer"/><category term="disclosure"/><category term="fabric"/><category term="first sale doctrine"/><category term="free speech"/><category term="ideas"/><category term="informational"/><category term="jewelry"/><category term="logo"/><category term="musical composition"/><category term="noncompete"/><category term="nondisclosure"/><category term="novel"/><category term="patent pending"/><category term="photo"/><category term="poster"/><category term="sheet music"/><category term="trademark registration"/><category term="18 month publication"/><category term="ASCAP"/><category term="Canada"/><category term="VARA"/><category term="advertisement"/><category term="aggregator"/><category term="amazon"/><category term="book cover"/><category term="breach"/><category term="british copyright"/><category term="cease and desist"/><category term="clothing"/><category term="commercials"/><category term="copyright notice"/><category term="copyright office"/><category term="copyright renewal"/><category term="coursepacks"/><category term="craigslist"/><category term="cybersquatting"/><category term="dba"/><category term="dragnet"/><category term="duration"/><category term="end user"/><category term="estate planning"/><category term="facebook"/><category term="federal"/><category term="fiction"/><category term="grand rights"/><category term="idea"/><category term="idea-theft"/><category term="interview"/><category term="inventors"/><category term="letters"/><category term="licensing"/><category term="management"/><category term="mechanical rights"/><category term="merchandise"/><category term="micro entity"/><category term="movie quotes"/><category term="music licensing"/><category term="musician"/><category term="notice omission"/><category term="opposition"/><category term="originality"/><category term="orphan work"/><category term="ownership"/><category term="painting"/><category term="politics"/><category term="privacy"/><category term="royalty"/><category term="stock"/><category term="streaming"/><category term="supplemental register"/><category term="thin copyright"/><category term="trolls"/><category term="twitter"/><category term="wills"/><category term="yoga"/><category term="110"/><category term="3D Printing"/><category term="Etsy"/><category term="GATT"/><category term="PPA"/><category term="PRO"/><category term="RSS"/><category term="Shakespeare"/><category term="TOS"/><category term="actor"/><category term="administration"/><category term="anatomy"/><category term="animals"/><category term="animation"/><category term="arbitration"/><category term="arrangement"/><category term="attorney fees"/><category term="audiobook"/><category term="automobiles"/><category term="bit torrent"/><category term="buildings"/><category term="business method patent"/><category term="collective work"/><category term="coloring book"/><category term="colorization"/><category term="comics"/><category term="confidentiality"/><category term="consent"/><category term="costume"/><category term="cover"/><category term="cover songs"/><category term="cowriters"/><category term="de minimis"/><category term="dead trademark"/><category term="deceased"/><category term="design patents"/><category term="diary"/><category term="ebay"/><category term="electronic agreements"/><category term="employment"/><category term="fictionalizing"/><category term="functional"/><category term="getty"/><category term="google"/><category term="government"/><category term="group registration"/><category term="improvement patents"/><category term="initials"/><category term="insurance"/><category term="intellectual property"/><category term="intent to use"/><category term="international"/><category term="inventory"/><category term="joint owners"/><category term="knockoffs"/><category term="labels"/><category 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copyright"/><category term="sovereign immunity"/><category term="specimen"/><category term="sports logos"/><category term="spouse"/><category term="stage name"/><category term="statistics"/><category term="statue"/><category term="superman"/><category term="surname"/><category term="teaching"/><category term="termination"/><category term="titles"/><category term="toys"/><category term="trade dress"/><category term="trademark search"/><category term="trivia"/><category term="university"/><category term="unpublished"/><category term="utility patent"/><category term="videogames"/><category term="1909 Copyright Act"/><category term="1964"/><category term="2048"/><category term="512"/><category term="Acme"/><category term="Anderson Rule"/><category term="Apple"/><category term="Barbie"/><category term="Bayh Dole"/><category term="Beastie Boys"/><category term="British law"/><category term="CARA"/><category term="CDA"/><category term="CLA"/><category term="CMI"/><category 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term="PTAB"/><category term="Playboy"/><category term="PowerPoint"/><category term="Robert Capa"/><category term="Robin Hood"/><category term="Rolling Stones"/><category term="Russia"/><category term="SEO"/><category term="SLAPP"/><category term="SOPA"/><category term="Section 110"/><category term="Section 8"/><category term="Sherlock Holmes"/><category term="Shloss"/><category term="South Africa"/><category term="Spain"/><category term="Stop Online Piracy"/><category term="Supreme Court"/><category term="TED Talks"/><category term="TESS"/><category term="TLDs"/><category term="TTAB"/><category term="TV"/><category term="TV theme"/><category term="Tolstoy"/><category term="U.S. government"/><category term="UDRP"/><category term="UK"/><category term="URAA"/><category term="Wheel of Time"/><category term="`"/><category term="abstractions"/><category term="actual confusion"/><category term="advertising"/><category term="affordable care"/><category term="agent"/><category term="agreement"/><category term="aliens"/><category term="all rights reserved"/><category term="alternative facts"/><category term="american gothic"/><category term="antitrust"/><category term="appearance release"/><category term="appliction"/><category term="art prints"/><category term="assign"/><category term="attribution"/><category term="attribution."/><category term="audio"/><category term="audiobooks"/><category term="authority to sign"/><category term="aviation"/><category term="banned"/><category term="basketball"/><category term="bequests"/><category term="beta tester"/><category term="biography"/><category term="biopic"/><category term="bird feeder"/><category term="blank forms"/><category term="blanket license"/><category term="blind"/><category term="blogs"/><category term="boats"/><category term="book"/><category term="book bag"/><category term="bumper sticker"/><category term="business"/><category term="business entity"/><category term="business software alliance"/><category term="california"/><category term="camping"/><category term="car logos"/><category term="change name"/><category term="charts"/><category term="chinaware"/><category term="choice of law"/><category term="choreography"/><category term="christmas"/><category term="circular 50"/><category term="civil war"/><category term="claims"/><category term="clearance"/><category term="clipart"/><category term="coffee"/><category term="color"/><category term="coloring books"/><category term="colors"/><category term="comic strips"/><category term="compilations"/><category term="composition"/><category term="computer-generated"/><category term="concurrent"/><category term="consignment"/><category term="contingency"/><category term="continued use"/><category term="contract interpretation"/><category term="copright"/><category term="copyright fees"/><category term="copyright protection"/><category term="copyright&#39;"/><category term="corbis"/><category term="cornhole"/><category term="coronavirus"/><category term="corporations"/><category term="counter notice"/><category term="court"/><category term="creative commons"/><category term="credit"/><category term="crucifixion"/><category term="curator"/><category term="customer lists"/><category term="damages"/><category term="dance"/><category term="darwin"/><category term="data"/><category term="dear rich staff"/><category term="dedication"/><category term="deduction"/><category term="defend trade secrets act"/><category term="definitions"/><category term="depreciation"/><category term="descriptive"/><category term="design"/><category term="design code"/><category term="design mark"/><category term="developer"/><category term="dialogue"/><category term="dictionary"/><category term="digital download"/><category term="digitization"/><category term="disclosure documents"/><category term="double patenting"/><category term="download"/><category term="drawings"/><category term="drop-ship"/><category term="editing"/><category term="embed"/><category term="employed to invent"/><category term="employment agreement"/><category term="end user license"/><category term="esign"/><category term="evaluation"/><category term="event"/><category term="evidence"/><category term="exemption"/><category term="exhaustion"/><category term="expansion"/><category term="expansion pack"/><category term="face to face"/><category term="face-to-face"/><category term="fair dealing"/><category term="fair use factors"/><category term="fan art"/><category term="fan fiction"/><category term="fanfiction"/><category term="farmers markets"/><category term="fashion"/><category term="festival"/><category term="file conversion"/><category term="file sharing"/><category term="films"/><category term="fine arts"/><category term="first amendment"/><category term="first publication"/><category term="first sale dotcrine"/><category term="first to file"/><category term="fish"/><category term="fixation"/><category term="fonts"/><category term="football"/><category term="formula"/><category term="framing"/><category term="fraud"/><category term="free range copyright"/><category term="freud"/><category term="gags"/><category term="game of thrones"/><category term="gay rights"/><category term="geographic"/><category term="geology"/><category term="geometric shapes"/><category term="geometry"/><category term="ghosts"/><category term="governing law"/><category term="government seal"/><category term="grammar"/><category term="grant proposal"/><category term="graphics"/><category term="grays anatomy"/><category term="group application"/><category term="harry potter"/><category term="hathitrust"/><category term="heavy metal"/><category term="hemingway"/><category term="hitchcock"/><category term="home"/><category term="hospitals"/><category term="hot news"/><category term="icon"/><category term="improvisation"/><category term="in loco parentis"/><category term="in perpetuity"/><category term="incorporate"/><category term="indemnification"/><category term="indemnity"/><category term="inducement"/><category term="inevitable disclosure"/><category term="information design"/><category term="inheritance"/><category term="inlining"/><category term="innocent infringer"/><category term="instagram"/><category term="intent"/><category term="internet"/><category term="invalidity"/><category term="iron works"/><category term="itu"/><category term="james joyce"/><category term="johnny cash"/><category term="joint work"/><category term="jokes"/><category term="journal"/><category term="judgment"/><category term="karate"/><category term="kickstarter"/><category term="laboratory"/><category term="laches"/><category term="lawsuits"/><category term="lecture"/><category term="legislation"/><category term="libel"/><category term="library"/><category term="library of congress"/><category term="life is good"/><category term="links"/><category term="look and feel"/><category term="loss"/><category term="lump sum"/><category term="mad hatter"/><category term="maps"/><category term="martial arts"/><category term="mascots"/><category term="master use license"/><category term="masters"/><category term="mechanical music"/><category term="medical"/><category term="medical imaging"/><category term="memoir"/><category term="memorial"/><category term="menu"/><category term="merger"/><category term="mexico"/><category term="minor"/><category term="movie stars"/><category term="movie trailer"/><category term="mug shots"/><category term="municipal code"/><category term="muppets"/><category term="mural"/><category term="murals"/><category term="museum"/><category term="music video"/><category term="music videos"/><category term="naked license"/><category term="name"/><category term="nda. nondisclosure"/><category term="needlework"/><category term="news"/><category term="newsletter"/><category term="nicknames"/><category term="night of living dead"/><category term="nominative fair use"/><category term="noncompetes"/><category term="nonobvious"/><category term="nonsolicitation"/><category term="nonuse"/><category term="notary"/><category term="open source"/><category term="oral history"/><category term="origami"/><category term="ornamental"/><category term="out of print"/><category term="out of state"/><category term="owner"/><category term="paparazzi"/><category term="paraphrasing"/><category term="party enertainment"/><category term="patent assignment"/><category term="patent fees"/><category term="patterns"/><category term="peer to peer"/><category term="periodical"/><category term="perjury"/><category term="permisssion"/><category term="phishing"/><category term="photo researcher"/><category term="physical copies"/><category term="pic rights"/><category term="pilot"/><category term="pinterest"/><category term="piracy"/><category term="pitch"/><category term="pitchdeck"/><category term="plant patents"/><category term="plot"/><category term="podcasts"/><category term="poets"/><category term="postage stamps"/><category term="prayers"/><category term="pre-invention assignment"/><category term="president"/><category term="presidents"/><category term="privacy policy"/><category term="privilege"/><category term="producer"/><category term="production agreement"/><category term="products"/><category term="progressive downloads"/><category term="proposed guidelines"/><category term="pseudonym"/><category term="public art"/><category term="public figure"/><category term="public policy"/><category term="publicaiton"/><category term="punctuation"/><category term="puppets"/><category term="puzzles"/><category term="quiz"/><category term="quote"/><category term="radio"/><category term="reaction videos"/><category term="recipes"/><category term="recordation"/><category term="recycle"/><category term="recycling"/><category term="reduction to practice"/><category term="reform"/><category term="rehash"/><category term="related goods"/><category term="relationships"/><category term="rep agreement"/><category term="reporting"/><category term="repurpose"/><category term="resale"/><category term="residuals"/><category term="restaurant"/><category term="reuse fee"/><category term="review"/><category term="reviews"/><category term="revision"/><category term="risk analysis"/><category term="safe harbor"/><category term="sale of business"/><category term="same-sex marriage"/><category term="satan"/><category term="satire"/><category term="scam"/><category term="scanning"/><category term="scouts"/><category term="seeds"/><category term="seller"/><category term="sequel"/><category term="service mark"/><category term="settings"/><category term="sex"/><category term="signature"/><category term="signs"/><category term="small claims court"/><category term="small entity"/><category term="snow white"/><category term="software license"/><category term="songwriter"/><category term="songwriters"/><category term="sound recordings"/><category term="soundexchange"/><category term="speech"/><category term="star trek"/><category term="startup"/><category term="states"/><category term="statute of limitations"/><category term="statutory damages"/><category term="steamboat willie"/><category term="steeple"/><category term="street art"/><category term="style"/><category term="super bowl"/><category term="supercuts"/><category term="survival"/><category term="symbols"/><category term="t-shirts"/><category term="tae Kwan do"/><category term="taggies"/><category term="tarot"/><category term="tax"/><category term="technique"/><category term="telephone"/><category term="temporary presence exception"/><category term="tenants in common"/><category term="term"/><category term="territory"/><category term="text"/><category term="text and photographs"/><category term="thumbnail"/><category term="time stamp"/><category term="trade show"/><category term="trademarks copyright"/><category term="tradermarks"/><category term="trains"/><category term="transfer"/><category term="trash"/><category term="trusts"/><category term="tunecore"/><category term="tweet"/><category term="typeface"/><category term="ueta"/><category term="unfair competition"/><category term="universal symbol"/><category term="unregistered"/><category term="upcycle"/><category term="use Limelight"/><category term="valuation"/><category term="vector"/><category term="veoh"/><category term="viacom"/><category term="victorian"/><category term="vietnam"/><category term="vine"/><category term="virtual"/><category term="voice over"/><category term="want ads"/><category term="warhol"/><category term="warning"/><category term="watermark"/><category term="watermarks"/><category term="weak"/><category term="weird al"/><category term="willful blindness"/><category term="words"/><category term="work made fore hire"/><category term="workshop"/><category term="writing"/><category term="x-rays"/><category term="yearbook"/><category term="yelp"/><category term="zombie trademark"/><title type='text'>Dear Rich: An Intellectual Property Blog</title><subtitle type='html'>Copyrights, Trademarks, Patents, Trade Secrets and Related Law</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25'/><author><name>The Dear Rich Staff</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06300963861051414109</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='21' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW5ZhdNLTAqojKmZPqxNnzIrPcyMiChssoDZ3K6y6wJsBt7nQIv_VBPK3J560QabvTZlyYHfyDiLnuS93ZlpYVFr6oiOP5NmXoDlSga02OTiHWufehXD5O7Y7ycgvmRw/s150/*'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>1572</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7987216743922559118.post-6018628703060470313</id><published>2024-04-09T15:40:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2024-04-09T16:42:37.063-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="fair use"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="fair use factors"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="indemnification"/><title type='text'>Fair Use: Yes or No?</title><content type='html'>&lt;b&gt;&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;float: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_apuCU5Yzm6IDy3aO31k52vRjs_PpTm_2rCNgmZ6GgoBfUuDCoiW0N8sY6aM36yudbsYx2oosiIUe1RKuWTiFKPH_4vwnJfCO1r-qiLSZlq_M-jMLo0gUmoGtUPq2x9yBGWM-ANcs1rM5igo1V-O4dzkoRy6PnUL6oqFctCMVCen4Idw5QxqkBhUT-yY/s2635/DR_YESNO.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;2635&quot; data-original-width=&quot;2472&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_apuCU5Yzm6IDy3aO31k52vRjs_PpTm_2rCNgmZ6GgoBfUuDCoiW0N8sY6aM36yudbsYx2oosiIUe1RKuWTiFKPH_4vwnJfCO1r-qiLSZlq_M-jMLo0gUmoGtUPq2x9yBGWM-ANcs1rM5igo1V-O4dzkoRy6PnUL6oqFctCMVCen4Idw5QxqkBhUT-yY/s320/DR_YESNO.jpg&quot; width=&quot;300&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Trick photograph of man with two heads (1901)&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;Dear Rich: I have a new, unique book soon to be published about judging the  
  2. quality of art. Every image in the book, from ancient to contemporary art, &amp;nbsp; is aesthetically critiqued, often with diagrams. There are no variables. It  
  3. is consistent throughout. From everything I&#39;ve researched, all the images  
  4. in the book should come under fair use. What are your thoughts? I  
  5. believe this is a simple yes or no question.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://wals.info/chapter/116#&quot;&gt;Polar interrogatives&lt;/a&gt; work well in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.psychology-lexicon.com/cms/glossary/58-glossary-y/6483-yes-no-questions.html#:~:text=For%20example%2C%20in%20a%20clinical,experiences%20within%20a%20sample%20population.&quot;&gt;psychology tests&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://thehill.com/homenews/house/544980-twitter-ceo-mocks-hearing-questions-with-yes-or-no-poll/&quot;&gt;congressional hearings&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.marthastewart.com/7922733/custom-wedding-ceremony-legal-requirements#:~:text=The%20only%20element%20required%20for,even%20that%20can%20be%20customized.&quot;&gt;wedding vows&lt;/a&gt;, but they&#39;re not suitable for analyzing fair use. Congress intended that fair use be determined on a&amp;nbsp;case-by-case&amp;nbsp;basis, making judges the final arbiters. Any yes-or-no prediction of how a judge will rule is just that:&amp;nbsp;a prediction. That said, we think you are likely to prevail in a fair use dispute.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fair Use Factors. &lt;/b&gt;In making a fair use decision, judges analyze&lt;a href=&quot;https://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/fair-use/four-factors/&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;four factors&lt;/a&gt;, of which the two most important are (1) the purpose and character of use and (4) the effect of the use upon the potential market. As for the first factor, the purpose and character of your use is for criticism, comment, reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research, all of which are permitted under the copyright fair use&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/107&quot;&gt;statute&lt;/a&gt;. &amp;nbsp;As for the fourth factor, we don&#39;t believe that the potential market for the artwork will suffer as the republication in your book should not interfere with revenue from fine art prints, catalogs, postcards, and other licensing opportunities.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;But wait, there&#39;s more ...&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;There are arguments that can be made against fair use. The third fair use factor - the amount and substantiality of the portion taken -- weighs against you because you are using the complete work. It can also be argued that the fourth factor also works against you because a potential market for licensing fine art for textbooks and art criticism &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.artistrights.info/rogers-v-koons&quot;&gt;may exis&lt;/a&gt;t. Finally if you are seeking to exploit your book through a commercial publisher, you may be required to get permission of copyrighted works or to provide &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.klemchuk.com/copyright-indemnification#:~:text=In%20copyright%20indemnification%20agreements%2C%20the,shift%20the%20risk%20of%20loss.&quot;&gt;indemnification&lt;/a&gt; if a copyright owner chases you.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/feeds/6018628703060470313/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7987216743922559118&amp;postID=6018628703060470313&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/6018628703060470313'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/6018628703060470313'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/2024/04/fair-use-yes-or-no.html' title='Fair Use: Yes or No?'/><author><name>Rich</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13641642423999006411</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0RbyGNWgFP4kxgfKWGLI1ipOfNbBH6HHsTwEvdoK5vsZZZ6Es1YFJpBbJftY6nGEDRaXSOIlaLtHnntziXzDGavgnyw8MNsr4W8xQJSOn-0dGR0HM2ZTwzKwFexUd_pI/s220/IMG_7430_2.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_apuCU5Yzm6IDy3aO31k52vRjs_PpTm_2rCNgmZ6GgoBfUuDCoiW0N8sY6aM36yudbsYx2oosiIUe1RKuWTiFKPH_4vwnJfCO1r-qiLSZlq_M-jMLo0gUmoGtUPq2x9yBGWM-ANcs1rM5igo1V-O4dzkoRy6PnUL6oqFctCMVCen4Idw5QxqkBhUT-yY/s72-c/DR_YESNO.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7987216743922559118.post-5189113726769357493</id><published>2024-03-30T15:56:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2024-03-30T16:11:43.859-07:00</updated><title type='text'>The Enchanted Copyright History of Nature Boy</title><content type='html'>&lt;b&gt;&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizItw1Rdeb2VS_51vu9_aoHLT_UTvjLF7D3C05oom7fwLP0P2vS45Og9-JPKc25mQHqkUVmkQWIPGzSqHutpKeHxrVUDszJgcMTaOBiZGwR0U_FTHEzEjHavxmZSe1vPcFP3xJmfRan009QepX4Cbnwp1O79d2v4JKwfendA5F4UBiZ41qHr7iWAkQQ3c/s959/NB%20SINATRA.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;809&quot; data-original-width=&quot;959&quot; height=&quot;270&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizItw1Rdeb2VS_51vu9_aoHLT_UTvjLF7D3C05oom7fwLP0P2vS45Og9-JPKc25mQHqkUVmkQWIPGzSqHutpKeHxrVUDszJgcMTaOBiZGwR0U_FTHEzEjHavxmZSe1vPcFP3xJmfRan009QepX4Cbnwp1O79d2v4JKwfendA5F4UBiZ41qHr7iWAkQQ3c/w320-h270/NB%20SINATRA.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Frank Sinatra with eden ahbez&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;(ahbez did not&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://americansongwriter.com/behind-the-song-nature-boy-by-eden-ahbez/&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;capitalize his name&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;believing that &quot;only God and infinity deserved capitalization.&quot;)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;Dear Rich: I wrote a poem using the entire song &quot;Nature Boy&quot; with the lyrics  
  6. interspersed between my words, sort of a running narrative. Do I need  
  7. permission to publish it in a book or other written form, or a video  
  8. wherein the entire poem is recited?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbkQ9xoG4mdwI5lj_KlyEXspRCPnaWXIb0owu1lkb3D8mhxYeIBwT4jaJPpqzLLjJ6vVuVB82N6V9CesT13HSjeooe6dwOWounhs5bTNms6B7SXuz2WFzTEv9wuDigOqxZ04G8V_38VDGbOXsXqHcHhv7O6E3XhUBmAER6EpvBjq3DEOmn0OrQ5CH5RRQ/s302/NBsheetmusic.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; display: inline; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;302&quot; data-original-width=&quot;252&quot; height=&quot;212&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbkQ9xoG4mdwI5lj_KlyEXspRCPnaWXIb0owu1lkb3D8mhxYeIBwT4jaJPpqzLLjJ6vVuVB82N6V9CesT13HSjeooe6dwOWounhs5bTNms6B7SXuz2WFzTEv9wuDigOqxZ04G8V_38VDGbOXsXqHcHhv7O6E3XhUBmAER6EpvBjq3DEOmn0OrQ5CH5RRQ/w177-h212/NBsheetmusic.jpg&quot; width=&quot;177&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Yes, you would need permission to use all the lyrics from &quot;Nature Boy.&quot; The song was first &lt;a href=&quot;https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp-copyright/2037/&quot;&gt;published in 1948&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;and the estate of the songwriter, eden ahbez (1908-1995), claims&amp;nbsp;copyright&amp;nbsp;(although the ownership has &lt;a href=&quot;https://bcxists.wordpress.com/2022/10/10/news-eden-ahbez-estate-probated-27-years-after-his-death/&quot;&gt;been disputed&lt;/a&gt;). The song won&#39;t fall into the public domain until 2043 &lt;a href=&quot;https://guides.library.cornell.edu/copyright/publicdomain&quot;&gt;(95 years after publication&lt;/a&gt;). We don&#39;t believe your use is exempt from permission because you are using all of the lyrics. Although some courts have granted fair use when copying &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Corp._of_America_v._Universal_City_Studios,_Inc.&quot;&gt;complete works&lt;/a&gt;, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/fair-use/four-factors/&quot;&gt;general rule&lt;/a&gt; is that when a large portion of the copyrighted work is copied, fair use is less likely to be found.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Are you flying under the radar? &lt;/b&gt;From a practical point of view, you are unlikely to run into a problem if your book publication is limited (under 100 copies) or your video fails to go viral. In cases of limited exposure like this, it is unlikely that the copyright owner would take action even if the infringement is discovered. However, if you plan for more exploitation or you don&#39;t want to risk a copyright lawsuit, you can contact the song&#39;s owner, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.easysong.com/search/publishers/music-publisher-contact-information.aspx?gt=Golden%20World&amp;amp;p=3663&quot;&gt;Golden World&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;in Mather, California.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Even though you didn&#39;t ask ...&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;The backstory for Nature Boy is an anomaly in the history of songwriters and copyright. The songwriter, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden_ahbez&quot;&gt;eden ahbez&lt;/a&gt;, was considered a proto-hippie, living in a tent under the Hollywood sign in the late 1940s. He had composed several songs, when a DJ friend heard the autobiographical Nature Boy and suggested that ahbez show the song to Nat King Cole. ahbez rode his bicycle to the theater where Cole was performing. Cole&#39;s manager refused to deal with the songwriter. However, &amp;nbsp;Cole&#39;s valet took a copy of the song to the singer who loved it but didn&#39;t know who wrote it (ahbez didn&#39;t include his name). After investigators dug up the songwriter, the tune was recorded and stayed at number one on the charts for eight weeks. Over 230 artists have since covered it (including a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w_TPjDuoUBc&quot;&gt;duet&lt;/a&gt; by Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga), and it was the centerpiece of two movies, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZV-_4qo649c&quot;&gt;The Boy With Green Hair&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=deJ7YTzprnc&quot;&gt;Moulin Rouge&lt;/a&gt;. After Nat King Cole&#39;s success, ahbez was &lt;a href=&quot;https://songbook1.wordpress.com/fx/1947-standards/nature-boy/&quot;&gt;accused of taking&lt;/a&gt; the melody from a 1935 Yiddish theater song, Be Still My Heart (ahbez was &lt;a href=&quot;https://forward.com/culture/339502/the-surprising-yiddishkeit-of-nat-king-cole/&quot;&gt;believed to be Jewish&lt;/a&gt; and grew up in a Jewish orphanage in Brooklyn). He &lt;a href=&quot;https://secondhandsongs.com/work/1378&quot;&gt;settled the claim&lt;/a&gt; for $25,000 ($300,000 in 2024 dollars). The melody for the first section of Nature Boy was also the same as the second movement of Antonin Dvořák&#39;s &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9-r4fmPeJuo&quot;&gt;Piano Quintet No. 2 in A, Op. 81&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/feeds/5189113726769357493/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7987216743922559118&amp;postID=5189113726769357493&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/5189113726769357493'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/5189113726769357493'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/2024/03/the-enchanted-copyright-history-of.html' title='The Enchanted Copyright History of Nature Boy'/><author><name>Rich</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13641642423999006411</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0RbyGNWgFP4kxgfKWGLI1ipOfNbBH6HHsTwEvdoK5vsZZZ6Es1YFJpBbJftY6nGEDRaXSOIlaLtHnntziXzDGavgnyw8MNsr4W8xQJSOn-0dGR0HM2ZTwzKwFexUd_pI/s220/IMG_7430_2.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizItw1Rdeb2VS_51vu9_aoHLT_UTvjLF7D3C05oom7fwLP0P2vS45Og9-JPKc25mQHqkUVmkQWIPGzSqHutpKeHxrVUDszJgcMTaOBiZGwR0U_FTHEzEjHavxmZSe1vPcFP3xJmfRan009QepX4Cbnwp1O79d2v4JKwfendA5F4UBiZ41qHr7iWAkQQ3c/s72-w320-h270-c/NB%20SINATRA.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7987216743922559118.post-7293166886544705672</id><published>2024-02-21T15:33:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2024-02-21T15:40:31.825-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="cowriters"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="derivative"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="music"/><title type='text'>Do I Owe Former Collaborator for a Song He Didn&#39;t Co-Write?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjut3XUfs3Zw-4vFP5NrUVctqhMdNWQg1A6BA_eNtRtTGsIKyZKrMuG4_CuM0wbPizVrtY5KpyEyO9vPl6f_VGyTnCjgRuMKBk0RnVoupKTQVRgI8-SY8sYbEvH713ZBqaT-Br1MSY5VtPCW-zBoXl9zi8uWHJeuNC-vLIFb4xZPVELrqa08NLTFjH_T1I/s315/LizzoTruthHurts.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;315&quot; data-original-width=&quot;315&quot; height=&quot;315&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjut3XUfs3Zw-4vFP5NrUVctqhMdNWQg1A6BA_eNtRtTGsIKyZKrMuG4_CuM0wbPizVrtY5KpyEyO9vPl6f_VGyTnCjgRuMKBk0RnVoupKTQVRgI8-SY8sYbEvH713ZBqaT-Br1MSY5VtPCW-zBoXl9zi8uWHJeuNC-vLIFb4xZPVELrqa08NLTFjH_T1I/s1600/LizzoTruthHurts.jpg&quot; width=&quot;315&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;blockquote style=&quot;border: medium; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Dear Rich: I used to write songs with a musician friend until we had a falling out. Fast forward four years, and I&#39;m now releasing an album of original songs with a California-based indie label. My ex-songwriter friend heard my demo and said that one of my new songs is based on another song that we wrote together. He says that he should be given credit and a portion of the music publishing income. He&#39;s threatened to get a lawyer. I don&#39;t want this to mess up my record release.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;div&gt;We can provide you with the legal rules that apply in your situation, but if you&#39;re concerned that the dispute will jeopardize your label relationship, you should seek the advice of an entertainment attorney. There are two likely arguments that your former collaborator can make; that he is a co-author of the new song, or alternatively, that the new song is a derivative of the earlier collaboration.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Is he a co-author? &lt;/b&gt;It&#39;s unlikely that your former collaborator would&amp;nbsp;qualify as a co-writer of your new song. That&#39;s because a co-writer (or joint author) must intend for their contribution to merge with your new work. Other factors that are important are:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;each co-writer must make an independently copyrightable contribution to the new work,&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;each co-writer must exercise control over his contribution (he had some creative control or supervisory power over the creation of the work) &amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;the audience appeal of the work is derived from both of your contributions (and &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://casetext.com/case/aalmuhammed-v-lee&quot;&gt;the share of each contribution in the song&#39;s success cannot be appraised&lt;/a&gt;&quot;).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;blockquote style=&quot;border: medium; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Is the new song a derivative work? &lt;/b&gt;Your former collaborator may argue that your new song is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ14.pdf&quot;&gt;derivative&lt;/a&gt; of your earlier collaboration. The performer, Lizzo, ran into a similar problem in 2019 when two former collaborators claimed that her hit song, &quot;Truth Hurts,&quot; was derived from an earlier co-written composition entitled &quot;Healthy.&quot; Although the trial court dismissed some of the copyright claims in favor of Lizzo, the former collaborators were allowed to continue their lawsuit on other related claims. As a result, the case dragged on &lt;a href=&quot;https://dockets.justia.com/docket/california/cacdce/2:2019cv09107/762482&quot;&gt;for three years&lt;/a&gt; and was finally settled confidentially in 2022.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Takeaway.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;Get an attorney&#39;s opinion on your former collaborator&#39;s chances in court. Analyze your financial risks and determine whether it could be more convenient and less expensive to reach a settlement.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/feeds/7293166886544705672/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7987216743922559118&amp;postID=7293166886544705672&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/7293166886544705672'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/7293166886544705672'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/2024/02/do-i-owe-former-collaborator-for-song.html' title='Do I Owe Former Collaborator for a Song He Didn&#39;t Co-Write?'/><author><name>Rich</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13641642423999006411</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0RbyGNWgFP4kxgfKWGLI1ipOfNbBH6HHsTwEvdoK5vsZZZ6Es1YFJpBbJftY6nGEDRaXSOIlaLtHnntziXzDGavgnyw8MNsr4W8xQJSOn-0dGR0HM2ZTwzKwFexUd_pI/s220/IMG_7430_2.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjut3XUfs3Zw-4vFP5NrUVctqhMdNWQg1A6BA_eNtRtTGsIKyZKrMuG4_CuM0wbPizVrtY5KpyEyO9vPl6f_VGyTnCjgRuMKBk0RnVoupKTQVRgI8-SY8sYbEvH713ZBqaT-Br1MSY5VtPCW-zBoXl9zi8uWHJeuNC-vLIFb4xZPVELrqa08NLTFjH_T1I/s72-c/LizzoTruthHurts.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7987216743922559118.post-2632641967635402671</id><published>2024-01-16T19:12:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2024-01-16T20:41:04.528-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="fair use"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="physical copies"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="publication"/><title type='text'>Matricide, Movies and Salinger</title><content type='html'>&lt;b&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbQ8fhcnbaP73XTRhDgOHblVJ3x7IIfSY10x4_f0d6xS-OlFA8ETip2ZD0xiILZM_crEQQX7AhWfishNKB-znNPnIJ53it4sMRjNCEujkUVqkbGfGp_eLGBdJq0bk8m5Z00I5d8P5nyXuKUjsjIALcpu6GYD36ZszqdJFatRzAoasr7mEhFT2lST1_J1o/s3000/salinger.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;2490&quot; data-original-width=&quot;3000&quot; height=&quot;237&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbQ8fhcnbaP73XTRhDgOHblVJ3x7IIfSY10x4_f0d6xS-OlFA8ETip2ZD0xiILZM_crEQQX7AhWfishNKB-znNPnIJ53it4sMRjNCEujkUVqkbGfGp_eLGBdJq0bk8m5Z00I5d8P5nyXuKUjsjIALcpu6GYD36ZszqdJFatRzAoasr7mEhFT2lST1_J1o/w285-h237/salinger.jpg&quot; width=&quot;285&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Dear Rich: I have written a play and movie script around a public matricide.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;I gained access to years of diaries, photos, and scrapbooks  
  9. through a university&#39;s special collections library.  The entire collection  
  10. was placed on the curb for the trash collector in 1973 or 1974 but was then  
  11. rescued and given to the library. I have read that the &quot;change of  
  12. ownership&quot; of this collection is considered a publication. Is that correct? Included in the collection is an  
  13. undated typewritten poem by the daughter-murderer (who died in 2007), probably written  
  14. 1944-1949.  Plus, there were threatening letters from the daughter to the parents in  
  15. 1969.  I wish to use the poem and parts of the letters in the script.  Is  
  16. there any chance that the poem and letters are copyrighted?  There are also  
  17. numerous photos taken by unknown persons.  If someone owns this collection,  
  18. how would I know who?  The library wants money to use these items  
  19. in our play/movie.  Does paying the library for their use put the burden of  
  20. ownership/copyright on them?  Is this solvable, or should we drop the  
  21. project?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;div&gt;We can&#39;t tell you whether to drop the project, but we can illuminate some potential issues.&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Is there copyright?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;The daughter&#39;s poem and letters are likely protected by copyright. (The author of a letter is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/notesandqueries/query/0,,-2260,00.html&quot;&gt;the copyright owner&lt;/a&gt;.) &amp;nbsp;If we assume these works are unpublished, copyright protection lasts until 2077 (&lt;a href=&quot;https://guides.library.cornell.edu/copyright/publicdomain&quot;&gt;life of the author plus 70 years&lt;/a&gt;). The expiration date would be different if the letters or poems had been published (95 years from publication or 70 years from the author&#39;s death,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://guides.library.cornell.edu/copyright/publicdomain&quot;&gt;depending upon the year of publication&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Transfer of ownership ≠ transfer of copyright.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;Physical ownership of a work&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/202&quot;&gt;is not the same as copyright ownership&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;A copyright transfer can only be accomplished by the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.copyright.gov/comp3/chap1900/ch1900-publication.pdf&quot;&gt;authority of the copyright owner&lt;/a&gt;. However,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pyragraph.com/2017/03/dear-rich-can-i-sell-stuff-i-found-in-a-dumpster/&quot;&gt;people who find abandoned&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;artwork, manuscripts, and musical recordings can claim ownership of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://legalshred.com/is-trash-public-domain/#:~:text=It%20is%20generally%20considered%20legal,now%20in%20the%20public%20domain.&quot;&gt;physical objects&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Transfer of ownership ≠ publication. &lt;/b&gt;The acquisition of the works by the library&amp;nbsp;doesn&#39;t affect their unpublished status. In&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://casetext.com/case/salinger-v-random-house-inc-2&quot;&gt;a case&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;involving author J.D. Salinger, recipients of unpublished letters from Salinger transferred ownership to the Princeton Library, where they were accessible for research purposes. When Salinger later learned that an author was planning to reproduce portions of the letters in a book, he registered the unpublished letters, sued, and won a judgment preventing the book&#39;s release.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Who owns the copyright?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;Whoever acquired the daughter&#39;s estate is the copyright owner of her poem and letters. That person or institution may not be aware of the copyright. Still, if they become aware, they can, like Salinger, register the unpublished materials and seek to prevent the release of your play or movie.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Paying the library.&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Unless the library acquired a written assignment from the copyright owner, they have no copyright claim. So, paying the library for the use of the materials won&#39;t get you copyright permission.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;The photographs&lt;/b&gt;. The copyright in a photograph is owned by the photographer. As you can imagine, tracking down the copyright owners for 40- or 50-year-old photos is likely a fruitless quest. The photos are probably&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orphan_work&quot;&gt;orphan works&lt;/a&gt; in most cases, placing the rights in limbo.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;What to do? &lt;/b&gt;If your play/movie gets a good reception and a distributor or producer wants to become involved, you may want to see an attorney particularly if you have to sign an &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.klemchuk.com/copyright-indemnification&quot;&gt;indemnity&lt;/a&gt; provision. An entertainment lawyer can guide you in the intricacies of &lt;a href=&quot;https://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/fair-use/&quot;&gt;fair use&lt;/a&gt;, and provide you with an opinion letter that you can use with insurers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/feeds/2632641967635402671/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7987216743922559118&amp;postID=2632641967635402671&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/2632641967635402671'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/2632641967635402671'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/2024/01/matricide-movies-and-salinger.html' title='Matricide, Movies and Salinger'/><author><name>Rich</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13641642423999006411</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0RbyGNWgFP4kxgfKWGLI1ipOfNbBH6HHsTwEvdoK5vsZZZ6Es1YFJpBbJftY6nGEDRaXSOIlaLtHnntziXzDGavgnyw8MNsr4W8xQJSOn-0dGR0HM2ZTwzKwFexUd_pI/s220/IMG_7430_2.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbQ8fhcnbaP73XTRhDgOHblVJ3x7IIfSY10x4_f0d6xS-OlFA8ETip2ZD0xiILZM_crEQQX7AhWfishNKB-znNPnIJ53it4sMRjNCEujkUVqkbGfGp_eLGBdJq0bk8m5Z00I5d8P5nyXuKUjsjIALcpu6GYD36ZszqdJFatRzAoasr7mEhFT2lST1_J1o/s72-w285-h237-c/salinger.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7987216743922559118.post-6818110713645906587</id><published>2023-12-09T16:26:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2023-12-10T10:01:21.292-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="copyright"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="intellectual property"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="karate"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="martial arts"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="merger doctrine"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="tae Kwan do"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="trademark"/><title type='text'>Kick It! Marital Arts, Choreography, and Copyright</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfOlV9L3AbCfUp-XqBMRUEIQOrQZpSrv2AnVHcIpzvb2ewSvbTSXgJdU_-D8Fq0OpOBm91Y701ctch4BEgU-6Ky-B19JImQiUmEuW1pNEHw4VXf1SedGAQSGqU_rS1C5XWzzE4C9EqsCJ6DJ9LAjRRl_nsMmlehkcnTujTeULW0ihvVi550IfjEl9vr2o/s1240/DR_KungFu.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;1238&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1240&quot; height=&quot;319&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfOlV9L3AbCfUp-XqBMRUEIQOrQZpSrv2AnVHcIpzvb2ewSvbTSXgJdU_-D8Fq0OpOBm91Y701ctch4BEgU-6Ky-B19JImQiUmEuW1pNEHw4VXf1SedGAQSGqU_rS1C5XWzzE4C9EqsCJ6DJ9LAjRRl_nsMmlehkcnTujTeULW0ihvVi550IfjEl9vr2o/s320/DR_KungFu.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Dear Rich: I am writing a martial arts mobile phone app. The app includes text describing the martial arts movements and choreography illustrating the moves.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;The  
  22. martial arts forms have been relatively unchanged since the 1970’s.
  23.  
  24. From what I can tell, the movements have been treated  
  25. like they are in the public domain, without copyright or trademark  
  26. notices. Is this accurate?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;div&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://buffalotkd.com/types-of-martial-arts/&quot;&gt;various &lt;/a&gt;martial arts schools&amp;nbsp;use combinations of choreographic moves called &quot;forms&quot; or &quot;kata&quot; that date back centuries. So, most of what you want to use is in the public domain due to old age, and you can perform or duplicate the moves and describe them in your own language. Alternatively, you can use language from a publication that is in the public domain. You&#39;re free to use any text or imagery published &lt;a href=&quot;https://guides.library.cornell.edu/copyright/publicdomain&quot;&gt;before 1928&lt;/a&gt;. And you are likely free to use text &lt;a href=&quot;https://guides.library.cornell.edu/copyright/publicdomain&quot;&gt;published before 1964&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://publicdomainsherpa.com/copyright-renewal.html&quot;&gt;probably in the public domain&lt;/a&gt;).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Limited ways to express yourself.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;If there are limited ways to describe a martial arts movement, you have more freedom to use similar language (known as the &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.paulweiss.com/media/1851041/mergerdoct.pdf&quot;&gt;merger doctrine&lt;/a&gt;&quot;). For example, if there are limited ways of describing a double-leg takedown (&lt;a href=&quot;https://evolve-mma.com/blog/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-double-leg-takedown/&quot;&gt;defined&lt;/a&gt; as a &quot;takedown where you grab the opponent’s legs while pushing their upper body forward, forcing them to fall back.&quot;) you would likely be excused for using the same language in your app.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Here are some things to avoid:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Using text or imagery taken from works published since 1964,&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Taking imagery from a website unless the website provides a&lt;a href=&quot;https://creativecommons.org&quot;&gt; Creative Commons license&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;or has dedicated the image to the public domain,&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Using clips from martial arts videos without permission or&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Using the name of any martial arts fighter, martial arts program, or martial arts studio if it implies&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/the-right-publicity.html#:~:text=your%20first%20name%3F-,The%20right%20of%20publicity%20is%20the%20right%20to%20control%20the,to%20sell%20products%20or%20services.&quot;&gt; endorsement or association&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;New martial arts schools may claim copyright and trademark rights. For example,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/EdParkerSrIKKA/posts/official-press-release-for-kam-iv-concerning-donfro-lawsuitfor-immediate-release/332497873923520/&quot;&gt;American Kenpo&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;founded by Ed Parker in the 1950s, owns multiple trademarks and copyrighted instructional manuals, books, and audio and visual digital content. Also, remember&amp;nbsp;that although a martial arts studio may claim copyright or trademark rights over public domain titles and movements,&lt;a href=&quot;http://publicdomainsherpa.com/false-copyright-claims.html&quot;&gt; that does not always make it so&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/feeds/6818110713645906587/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7987216743922559118&amp;postID=6818110713645906587&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/6818110713645906587'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/6818110713645906587'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/2023/12/kick-it-marital-arts-choreography-and.html' title='Kick It! Marital Arts, Choreography, and Copyright'/><author><name>The Dear Rich Staff</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06300963861051414109</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='21' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW5ZhdNLTAqojKmZPqxNnzIrPcyMiChssoDZ3K6y6wJsBt7nQIv_VBPK3J560QabvTZlyYHfyDiLnuS93ZlpYVFr6oiOP5NmXoDlSga02OTiHWufehXD5O7Y7ycgvmRw/s150/*'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfOlV9L3AbCfUp-XqBMRUEIQOrQZpSrv2AnVHcIpzvb2ewSvbTSXgJdU_-D8Fq0OpOBm91Y701ctch4BEgU-6Ky-B19JImQiUmEuW1pNEHw4VXf1SedGAQSGqU_rS1C5XWzzE4C9EqsCJ6DJ9LAjRRl_nsMmlehkcnTujTeULW0ihvVi550IfjEl9vr2o/s72-c/DR_KungFu.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7987216743922559118.post-8940524769853435793</id><published>2023-09-26T16:13:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2023-09-26T18:59:03.429-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="copyright notice"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="website"/><title type='text'>Does Copyright Notice Protect a Website?</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFqM8rsp8Ouu8Qy5h3PStTIU4PwfqRdpHVDHLbnk5aaqXGxaiQJ2HvuwYXZAPkTKgejLAQnfZhyZDAVtfbUbUcG2l5xzYcDHXUleCvZGl43qyjXSyWyUKKdRYbeEiegrs9PmWtgQDE0Fkc3-6VFpxYjKlJGh8TToL2x1U9YxG-vP0bWafWwNwgQsHJ_gg7/s645/DR_KeepOff.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;645&quot; data-original-width=&quot;645&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFqM8rsp8Ouu8Qy5h3PStTIU4PwfqRdpHVDHLbnk5aaqXGxaiQJ2HvuwYXZAPkTKgejLAQnfZhyZDAVtfbUbUcG2l5xzYcDHXUleCvZGl43qyjXSyWyUKKdRYbeEiegrs9PmWtgQDE0Fkc3-6VFpxYjKlJGh8TToL2x1U9YxG-vP0bWafWwNwgQsHJ_gg7/s320/DR_KeepOff.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Dear Rich: Does putting &quot;Copyright 2023&quot; at
  27. the bottom of website pages protect the site from visitors who download
  28. an image or narrative content?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Placing a copyright notice on your website is like sticking a &quot;Keep off the grass&quot; sign on your front lawn. People who respect your property rights will stay off, and those who don&#39;t ... you&#39;ll just have to chase them away. The copyright notice doesn&#39;t add any new weapons to your copyright arsenal (although it &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ03.pdf&quot;&gt;used to be very important&lt;/a&gt;). Unless you&#39;re willing to follow up on the theft of your website with a threatening letter (or better yet, have your attorney do it), it&#39;s unlikely your copyright notice will have much effect on a bad actor bent on copying.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Rephrase the question.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;Can we suggest you rephrase your question to &quot;What can I do about visitors who download images and content from my website without my permission?&quot; (Note: There are &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.labnol.org/code/19637-prevent-people-copying-text-web-pages&quot;&gt;technical methods&lt;/a&gt; of preventing copying of your text, but these involve website coding, and some techies&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.webdevsplanet.com/post/why-not-to-disable-website-right-click#:~:text=It%20is%20pointless&amp;amp;text=It%20does%20not%20protect%20your,attention%20of%20the%20tech%20survey.&quot;&gt;consider them pointless&lt;/a&gt;.)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;The legal route.&lt;/b&gt; Tracking infringers, threatening them with legal action, and dragging them into court for financial punishment has proven to be the most effective way to deal with website theft. Because the government does not enforce copyright, you must hunt down infringers and seek justice, so protecting your website can be expensive. Also, remember that winning your case doesn&#39;t guarantee a return on attorney fees.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fortify your defenses.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;If you foresee the possibility that you&#39;ll nab someone copying your website, the following steps will increase your chances of success and remuneration for your troubles.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Ensure you own or have permission to use your website content.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Include copyright notice on each of your web pages (It may help prove that the infringer was aware you claimed copyright).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Include a method for contacting you if someone wants to license content.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Gather evidence of copying. Prepare side-by-side tables showing your site and the copied site.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Register your website. If you have a registration in place three months before an infringement occurs, a judge has more freedom in awarding statutory damages - &amp;nbsp;a range of punishments instead of just compensating you for out-of-pocket damages -- and attorney fees. You&#39;ll find help on website registration &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ66.pdf&quot;&gt;at the Copyright Office&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;If you can afford it, have an attorney write a cease and desist letter.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;If you can afford it, have an attorney file a copyright suit, or if you are a go-getter with a DIY mindset, consider filing a case in the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.copyright.gov/about/small-claims/&quot;&gt;Copyright Small Claims court&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Review the facts before you make threats. Some who copy may have &lt;a href=&quot;https://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/fair-use/&quot;&gt;fair use&lt;/a&gt; defenses.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Pick your fights carefully. Go after those (1) inflicting the most damage competitively or (2) high-profile copying that you can&#39;t ignore.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/feeds/8940524769853435793/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7987216743922559118&amp;postID=8940524769853435793&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/8940524769853435793'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/8940524769853435793'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/2023/09/does-copyright-notice-protect-website.html' title='Does Copyright Notice Protect a Website?'/><author><name>The Dear Rich Staff</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06300963861051414109</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='21' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW5ZhdNLTAqojKmZPqxNnzIrPcyMiChssoDZ3K6y6wJsBt7nQIv_VBPK3J560QabvTZlyYHfyDiLnuS93ZlpYVFr6oiOP5NmXoDlSga02OTiHWufehXD5O7Y7ycgvmRw/s150/*'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFqM8rsp8Ouu8Qy5h3PStTIU4PwfqRdpHVDHLbnk5aaqXGxaiQJ2HvuwYXZAPkTKgejLAQnfZhyZDAVtfbUbUcG2l5xzYcDHXUleCvZGl43qyjXSyWyUKKdRYbeEiegrs9PmWtgQDE0Fkc3-6VFpxYjKlJGh8TToL2x1U9YxG-vP0bWafWwNwgQsHJ_gg7/s72-c/DR_KeepOff.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7987216743922559118.post-5350036122083615850</id><published>2023-08-27T16:58:00.012-07:00</published><updated>2023-08-28T15:09:28.784-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="chinaware"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="needlework"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="permission"/><title type='text'>Converting Chinaware Designs to Needlepoint Patterns: Problems Getting Permission</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigvSuLDN9Zhgg7BKKqP6ZmPahM_WE1ThxKtum8iEnrZgPFnWF5URf1SheDkno4SLAdYTjLMx8NwmQ93PYLGczsRN5NTjwMIcvcRYQyk-jqFk1bk8pYIsxrEwAMmOJ5Qko7K-QWT4liB7fdgUxJ5-mp4krp5pStuqss033H8uwTu2Q4r5uDGg9d5es2bpo/s695/main-image.jpeg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; display: block; float: left; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Ancient chinaware from French museum&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;695&quot; data-original-width=&quot;695&quot; height=&quot;309&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigvSuLDN9Zhgg7BKKqP6ZmPahM_WE1ThxKtum8iEnrZgPFnWF5URf1SheDkno4SLAdYTjLMx8NwmQ93PYLGczsRN5NTjwMIcvcRYQyk-jqFk1bk8pYIsxrEwAMmOJ5Qko7K-QWT4liB7fdgUxJ5-mp4krp5pStuqss033H8uwTu2Q4r5uDGg9d5es2bpo/w309-h309/main-image.jpeg&quot; width=&quot;309&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Dear Rich: I am adapting needlework-like designs used in pottery/chinaware by creating patterns for needleworkers. Much of the chinaware was produced in the 1800&#39;s but some as late as the 1960s. I have sought and received  permission where possible, but not in all cases because the companies no longer exist. What are the laws covering those designs for which I cannot get permission?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We think you will be fine using the chinaware designs for needlepoint patterns but you should review the following factors:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Do you need permission? &lt;/b&gt;You say you&#39;re only using works created before 1970.&amp;nbsp;You don&#39;t need permission for designs produced before 1928 as they are in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://guides.library.cornell.edu/copyright/publicdomain&quot;&gt;public domain&lt;/a&gt;. You likely don&#39;t need permission for designs produced before 1963 because they would have to have their registrations &lt;a href=&quot;https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/renewals.html&quot;&gt;renewed&lt;/a&gt; (and few were). And you don&#39;t need permission if the works were produced between 1963 and March 1989 if they did not include a copyright notice. In summary, you only need to be concerned about 1963 - 1969 designs with copyright notices.&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Is it an orphan work?&lt;/b&gt; An &lt;a href=&quot;An “orphan work” is a copyrighted work for which copyright clearance is required, but:  the identity of the owner of the work is unknown; or the owner is known, but cannot be located.&quot;&gt;orphan work&lt;/a&gt; is a work for which copyright clearance is required, but the identity of the owner of the work is unknown, or the owner is known but cannot be located. (In 2015, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.copyright.gov/orphan/reports/orphan-works2015.pdf?_ga=2.63371183.1234863643.1693178310-1093984856.1693178310&quot;&gt;Copyright Office analyzed t&lt;/a&gt;he orphan works dilemma.) In order to minimize your possible liability, we suggest you make (and document) a good-faith effort to locate the owners by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ22.pdf&quot;&gt;searching copyright&lt;/a&gt; records.&amp;nbsp;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Will the owner see your work? &lt;/b&gt;Even if the work is protected, you won&#39;t have to be concerned about liability unless there is a chance that the current copyright owner recognizes the similarities and decides to act on it. Would the owner of a 50-year+ chinaware design be policing needlepoint designs in 2023? &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Are you licensing your needlework patterns to a third party? &lt;/b&gt;If a third-party company wants to license and sell your design, your license agreement will require you to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/indemnity.asp#:~:text=Indemnity%20is%20a%20type%20of,damage%20caused%20by%20another%20party.&quot;&gt;indemnify&lt;/a&gt; the company against any possible lawsuits. You may wish to take a conservative approach and avoid licensing post-1963 designs for which you don&#39;t have permission.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;FYI Dept. &lt;/b&gt;Because your patterns will be based on public domain designs, you will have difficulty stopping anyone who copies your patterns.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/feeds/5350036122083615850/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7987216743922559118&amp;postID=5350036122083615850&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/5350036122083615850'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/5350036122083615850'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/2023/08/chinaware-designs-to-needlepoint.html' title='Converting Chinaware Designs to Needlepoint Patterns: Problems Getting Permission'/><author><name>Rich</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13641642423999006411</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0RbyGNWgFP4kxgfKWGLI1ipOfNbBH6HHsTwEvdoK5vsZZZ6Es1YFJpBbJftY6nGEDRaXSOIlaLtHnntziXzDGavgnyw8MNsr4W8xQJSOn-0dGR0HM2ZTwzKwFexUd_pI/s220/IMG_7430_2.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigvSuLDN9Zhgg7BKKqP6ZmPahM_WE1ThxKtum8iEnrZgPFnWF5URf1SheDkno4SLAdYTjLMx8NwmQ93PYLGczsRN5NTjwMIcvcRYQyk-jqFk1bk8pYIsxrEwAMmOJ5Qko7K-QWT4liB7fdgUxJ5-mp4krp5pStuqss033H8uwTu2Q4r5uDGg9d5es2bpo/s72-w309-h309-c/main-image.jpeg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7987216743922559118.post-4700890434657844525</id><published>2023-07-27T19:57:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2023-07-27T19:57:21.270-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="free speech"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Frida"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Kahlo"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Mexican copyright"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="public domain"/><title type='text'>Use Frida&#39;s Paintings? (Yes!) Use Frida&#39;s Name? (Maybe)</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;float: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEXlxg-zXNnQKL31Xej3cDqdmDOfTL0AaNc7zLgqQwkF6RslPH0oKfQgD0XnXGMypvRPQDX8hX1sc4A5bRi9lsYik2zDXaa2LBShi7Kj0dt2JhDNPjgt9drUm2tipAVhef_QjkX-T2J5pisCgm2wjPPbieOE8lBdTHmGzwa0m2VKxPFeTdQICUQDYJxzs/s2321/frida.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;1794&quot; data-original-width=&quot;2321&quot; height=&quot;247&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEXlxg-zXNnQKL31Xej3cDqdmDOfTL0AaNc7zLgqQwkF6RslPH0oKfQgD0XnXGMypvRPQDX8hX1sc4A5bRi9lsYik2zDXaa2LBShi7Kj0dt2JhDNPjgt9drUm2tipAVhef_QjkX-T2J5pisCgm2wjPPbieOE8lBdTHmGzwa0m2VKxPFeTdQICUQDYJxzs/s320/frida.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Frida Kahlo age 12 (1919)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;b&gt;Dear Rich: I&#39;m filming a romantic comedy in San Miguel de Allende, Mexico, and  
  29. refer to the artist Frida Kahlo in two scenes and show a photo of one of her  
  30. paintings (self-portrait) hanging on the wall.  Do I need permission to use  
  31. her name and photo of her self-portrait?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;div&gt;You don&#39;t need permission to refer to Frida Kahlo in your film&#39;s dialogue. &lt;a href=&quot;https://creativelawcenter.com/famous-people-fiction/&quot;&gt;Free speech guarantees&lt;/a&gt; your right to reference a historical figure. More importantly, deceased figures cannot be defamed or have their privacy invaded (the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.writersdigest.com/legal-questions/is-it-ok-to-write-a-fictional-story-about-a-historical-character#:~:text=%22You%20can%20write%20about%20historical,those%20causes%20of%20action%20either.%22&quot;&gt;two common basis&lt;/a&gt; for lawsuits involving the use of real people in fiction).&amp;nbsp;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;The painting.&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://reyesfenigeng.wordpress.com/2014/04/17/copyright-terms/&quot;&gt;Mexican copyright law&lt;/a&gt; placed Kahlo&#39;s works in the public domain 25 years after her death, so you don&#39;t need authorization to include a photo of her painting in your film.&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;The Kahlo name.&lt;/b&gt; Certain rights associated with Frida Kahlo were retained (&lt;a href=&quot;https://itsartlaw.org/2019/08/02/rolling-over-in-her-grave-frida-kahlos-trademarks-and-commodified-legacy/#post-37350-footnote-1&quot;&gt;and disputed&lt;/a&gt;) by her family, most importantly, the right to use her name for commercial purposes -- for example, Mattel licensed the name for its &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.amazon.com/Barbie-Inspiring-Women-Frida-Kahlo/dp/B076QCW6GV&quot;&gt;Frida Kahlo Barbie&lt;/a&gt; doll. Although you&#39;re free to use Kahlo&#39;s artwork in your film, crafts artists should beware that use of the Kahlo name in connection with Kahlo-inspired works&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://craftindustryalliance.org/frida-isnt-free-the-murky-waters-of-creating-crafts-with-frida-kahlos-image-and-name/#:~:text=In%20accordance%20with%20Mexican%20law,went%20to%20the%20public%20domain.&quot;&gt;sometimes can cause a problem&lt;/a&gt;. &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/feeds/4700890434657844525/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7987216743922559118&amp;postID=4700890434657844525&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/4700890434657844525'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/4700890434657844525'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/2023/07/use-fridas-paintings-yes-use-fridas.html' title='Use Frida&#39;s Paintings? (Yes!) Use Frida&#39;s Name? (Maybe)'/><author><name>Rich</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13641642423999006411</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0RbyGNWgFP4kxgfKWGLI1ipOfNbBH6HHsTwEvdoK5vsZZZ6Es1YFJpBbJftY6nGEDRaXSOIlaLtHnntziXzDGavgnyw8MNsr4W8xQJSOn-0dGR0HM2ZTwzKwFexUd_pI/s220/IMG_7430_2.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEXlxg-zXNnQKL31Xej3cDqdmDOfTL0AaNc7zLgqQwkF6RslPH0oKfQgD0XnXGMypvRPQDX8hX1sc4A5bRi9lsYik2zDXaa2LBShi7Kj0dt2JhDNPjgt9drUm2tipAVhef_QjkX-T2J5pisCgm2wjPPbieOE8lBdTHmGzwa0m2VKxPFeTdQICUQDYJxzs/s72-c/frida.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7987216743922559118.post-1171977833358167530</id><published>2023-06-20T20:03:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2023-07-01T11:31:03.908-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="public domain"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Robin Hood"/><title type='text'>Take What You Want From Sherwood Forest</title><content type='html'>&lt;b&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMWMLp8Mx5ZfB_IL_qma1TXkdBrdj3cHObfwmBako4cCJ4JKj47zF2VnCV0kkOL36r_wN-AGEo5uFePL9jOEY4Z7rDFoe-4_VTGqBF0a_rpNQxP5e1rYL4I9BctAOEAMyqyExFwm7_QgwL91w4Z1suw7V-9a2uAPB_i80vVr0D3XSmZ0aYsBuOmIkVp2xu/s1437/IMG_0051.jpeg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;1437&quot; data-original-width=&quot;958&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMWMLp8Mx5ZfB_IL_qma1TXkdBrdj3cHObfwmBako4cCJ4JKj47zF2VnCV0kkOL36r_wN-AGEo5uFePL9jOEY4Z7rDFoe-4_VTGqBF0a_rpNQxP5e1rYL4I9BctAOEAMyqyExFwm7_QgwL91w4Z1suw7V-9a2uAPB_i80vVr0D3XSmZ0aYsBuOmIkVp2xu/s320/IMG_0051.jpeg&quot; width=&quot;213&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Dear Rich: I am writing a historical fantasy novel, and I want to
  32. incorporate elements from Henry Gilbert&#39;s Robin Hood (1911). Despite the
  33. publication date, I can&#39;t tell if this book is in the US public domain. It
  34. appears to have been only published in the UK, and I&#39;ve seen evidence the
  35. copyright was renewed in the 30&#39;s. I have a recent UK copy of the book, and
  36. it has no copyright notice. But the book is also not in Google Books or
  37. Gutenberg, which leads me to believe it&#39;s still under US copyright.&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;div&gt;Like Robin Hood, copyright law takes from the rich and gives to the poor. &amp;nbsp;Because it was &lt;a href=&quot;https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Hirtle_chart&quot;&gt;published prior to 1928,&lt;/a&gt; Henry Gilbert&#39;s Robin Hood is in the U.S. public domain where it can be reproduced or modified without permission. The book is available from the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://archive.org/details/cu31924009344999/page/n9/mode/2up&quot;&gt;Internet Archives&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;and is preserved by &lt;a href=&quot;https://archive.org/details/cu31924009344999/page/n9/mode/2up&quot;&gt;Google Books&lt;/a&gt; as part of its public domain project.&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/feeds/1171977833358167530/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7987216743922559118&amp;postID=1171977833358167530&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/1171977833358167530'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/1171977833358167530'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/2023/06/take-what-you-want-from-sherwood-forest.html' title='Take What You Want From Sherwood Forest'/><author><name>The Dear Rich Staff</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06300963861051414109</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='21' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW5ZhdNLTAqojKmZPqxNnzIrPcyMiChssoDZ3K6y6wJsBt7nQIv_VBPK3J560QabvTZlyYHfyDiLnuS93ZlpYVFr6oiOP5NmXoDlSga02OTiHWufehXD5O7Y7ycgvmRw/s150/*'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMWMLp8Mx5ZfB_IL_qma1TXkdBrdj3cHObfwmBako4cCJ4JKj47zF2VnCV0kkOL36r_wN-AGEo5uFePL9jOEY4Z7rDFoe-4_VTGqBF0a_rpNQxP5e1rYL4I9BctAOEAMyqyExFwm7_QgwL91w4Z1suw7V-9a2uAPB_i80vVr0D3XSmZ0aYsBuOmIkVp2xu/s72-c/IMG_0051.jpeg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7987216743922559118.post-8700872022732661553</id><published>2023-04-07T17:43:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2023-04-08T18:20:02.132-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Can They Back Out of the Deal?</title><content type='html'>&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;1&quot; src=&quot;https://ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=intellectualprop&amp;amp;language=en_US&amp;amp;l=li3&amp;amp;o=1&amp;amp;a=0062407805&quot; style=&quot;border: none; margin: 0px auto;&quot; width=&quot;1&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;float: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.amazon.com/Never-Split-Difference-Negotiating-Depended/dp/0062407805?&amp;amp;linkCode=li3&amp;amp;tag=intellectualprop&amp;amp;linkId=db28089987fdf7050119c1609396913d&amp;amp;language=en_US&amp;amp;ref_=as_li_ss_il&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&amp;amp;ASIN=0062407805&amp;amp;Format=_SL250_&amp;amp;ID=AsinImage&amp;amp;MarketPlace=US&amp;amp;ServiceVersion=20070822&amp;amp;WS=1&amp;amp;tag=intellectualprop&amp;amp;language=en_US&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Our favorite negotiation text&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;b&gt;Dear Rich: I&#39;ve been negotiating a license agreement with a company specializing in branding cleaning products for supermarket and box store chains. The negotiations have been going on for two months, and we&#39;ve agreed on the basic terms, the royalties, and most of the &quot;back-end&quot; issues, but we&#39;re hung up on who owns the rights to improvements. The company is talking about canceling the deal. Can they legally back out at this point?&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;div&gt;Generally, the licensor can withdraw an offer at any time before you formally accept. Without rehashing l&lt;a href=&quot;https://criticalpass.com/blogs/news/how-to-ace-your-contract-exam&quot;&gt;aw school principles of contracts&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;a court will enforce your licensing agreement when there is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://jec.unm.edu/education/online-training/contract-law-tutorial/contract-fundamentals-part-2&quot;&gt;legitimate offer, an unconditional acceptance&lt;/a&gt;, and mutual consent to all material conditions.
  38. Because material conditions – for example, who acquires rights to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/improvement-patents-new-use-patents-30250.html&quot;&gt;invention improvements&lt;/a&gt; -- are often negotiated right up until the day of signing, most licensing agreements are enforceable at the time of execution, that is when the agreements are signed.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The parties may have signed off on a term sheet (or other document summarizing the material terms). That may bind them regardless of the intent to draft a more comprehensive licensing agreement later. However, we don&#39;t imagine you want to chase a potential licensee into court based on this contract theory. By the way, to avoid being bound by term sheets, napkin agreements, or email exchanges, &amp;nbsp;add a disclaimer to the effect of &quot;This is not intended to be a binding legal agreement and does not impose any legal obligations.&quot; Unless the offer provides a time limit, it will be assumed to be open for a &lt;a href=&quot;https://lawshelf.com/coursewarecontentview/termination-of-the-power-of-acceptance&quot;&gt;&quot;reasonable&quot; period&lt;/a&gt;, depending on the industry or trade.
  39. &lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/feeds/8700872022732661553/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7987216743922559118&amp;postID=8700872022732661553&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/8700872022732661553'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/8700872022732661553'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/2023/04/can-they-back-out-of-deal.html' title='Can They Back Out of the Deal?'/><author><name>The Dear Rich Staff</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06300963861051414109</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='21' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW5ZhdNLTAqojKmZPqxNnzIrPcyMiChssoDZ3K6y6wJsBt7nQIv_VBPK3J560QabvTZlyYHfyDiLnuS93ZlpYVFr6oiOP5NmXoDlSga02OTiHWufehXD5O7Y7ycgvmRw/s150/*'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7987216743922559118.post-1925714106232013093</id><published>2023-03-15T12:30:00.007-07:00</published><updated>2023-03-15T12:30:59.685-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="1909 Copyright Act"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="advertisement"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="copyright notice"/><title type='text'>Are Ads in Old Magazines Protected by Copyright?</title><content type='html'>&lt;b&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHurzv76NUDQzKGYdjcrcJkhsY4zwF3CBJIJ-ptdfjKLR0-SVZA382IILoWQUuUWqshYYbmHhPmSquNZnhXgSwt4Kc4-4NiBFplsIJAyn9psVgl1VFyOKSIK8DChNGM6JwRZBNFETinFtdBLZiLIzG5R5wikuoGGGwem3uTi0tlbLyMddeQzrJj30WUw/s832/DR_EataPony.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;832&quot; data-original-width=&quot;606&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHurzv76NUDQzKGYdjcrcJkhsY4zwF3CBJIJ-ptdfjKLR0-SVZA382IILoWQUuUWqshYYbmHhPmSquNZnhXgSwt4Kc4-4NiBFplsIJAyn9psVgl1VFyOKSIK8DChNGM6JwRZBNFETinFtdBLZiLIzG5R5wikuoGGGwem3uTi0tlbLyMddeQzrJj30WUw/w291-h400/DR_EataPony.jpg&quot; width=&quot;291&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Dear Rich: I am working on a book project which would use advertisements from a major U.S. corporation that were published in a popular U.S. magazine between 1918 and 1962. The magazine itself was copyrighted, but the ads do not contain any copyright markings, so my understanding is that the ads would have entered into the public domain.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;div&gt;The advertisements are most likely in the public domain. It&#39;s true that the 1976 Copyright Act expressly requires that &lt;a href=&quot;https://casetext.com/statute/united-states-code/title-17-copyrights/chapter-4-copyright-notice-deposit-and-registration/section-404-notice-of-copyright-contributions-to-collective-works&quot;&gt;advertisements in magazines&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;have separate copyright notices. But your advertisements (1918-1962) are subject to the 1909 Copyright Act, which had no rules for magazine ads. &amp;nbsp;(See Sec. 3 of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://law.scu.edu/wp-content/uploads/hightech/1909%20Act%20as%20enacted.pdf&quot;&gt;1909 Act&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;How do they become public domain? &lt;/b&gt;First, the ads published from 1918&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://guides.library.cornell.edu/copyright/publicdomain&quot;&gt;through 1927&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;are automatically in the public domain as the copyright has expired. Second, there is &lt;a href=&quot;https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=8356019379674698269&amp;amp;q=1909+Act+collective+works+copyright+notice+composite+periodicals&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;as_sdt=2006&quot;&gt;caselaw under the 1909 Ac&lt;/a&gt;t that holds that a periodical does not acquire copyright in its ads, even if the magazine&#39;s art department created the ads. Third, even if the ads published between 1928 through 1962 were protected by copyright, they would be in the public domain if the copyright was not renewed after 28 years. Only a small percentage -- &lt;a href=&quot;https://guides.library.cornell.edu/copyright/publicdomain#Footnote_1&quot;&gt;between 7 and 15%&lt;/a&gt; -- of copyrighted works were renewed, so the odds are in your favor. &amp;nbsp;P.S. You can hire&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ22.pdf&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;the Copyright Office&lt;/a&gt; to search the renewal records.&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/feeds/1925714106232013093/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7987216743922559118&amp;postID=1925714106232013093&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/1925714106232013093'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/1925714106232013093'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/2023/03/are-ads-in-old-magazines-protected-by.html' title='Are Ads in Old Magazines Protected by Copyright?'/><author><name>The Dear Rich Staff</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06300963861051414109</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='21' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW5ZhdNLTAqojKmZPqxNnzIrPcyMiChssoDZ3K6y6wJsBt7nQIv_VBPK3J560QabvTZlyYHfyDiLnuS93ZlpYVFr6oiOP5NmXoDlSga02OTiHWufehXD5O7Y7ycgvmRw/s150/*'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHurzv76NUDQzKGYdjcrcJkhsY4zwF3CBJIJ-ptdfjKLR0-SVZA382IILoWQUuUWqshYYbmHhPmSquNZnhXgSwt4Kc4-4NiBFplsIJAyn9psVgl1VFyOKSIK8DChNGM6JwRZBNFETinFtdBLZiLIzG5R5wikuoGGGwem3uTi0tlbLyMddeQzrJj30WUw/s72-w291-h400-c/DR_EataPony.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7987216743922559118.post-6774495979383955530</id><published>2023-02-24T16:35:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2023-02-25T19:24:17.460-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Bobbleheads and Baseball Cards: Does Pairing Make it Less Risky?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;float: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0xrE4AvrV0aifrK50cDRlLhQ0Zm3AR9y6N91Kt7b2y9yv1dPDAM3x1W16iKfkCDy8EE_bwuzYmD96nIqf655rhLkpbTZVyQB3L5q2-Fw-1-XdV1IF1LlxYR7eClHgpHdaPo12NMzHxyuegEMPXlS1qjHgFC0vesPnmJOErcH1p8o1Z9LF3ObIcSw5Ow/s524/DR_BO.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;524&quot; data-original-width=&quot;407&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0xrE4AvrV0aifrK50cDRlLhQ0Zm3AR9y6N91Kt7b2y9yv1dPDAM3x1W16iKfkCDy8EE_bwuzYmD96nIqf655rhLkpbTZVyQB3L5q2-Fw-1-XdV1IF1LlxYR7eClHgpHdaPo12NMzHxyuegEMPXlS1qjHgFC0vesPnmJOErcH1p8o1Z9LF3ObIcSw5Ow/s320/DR_BO.jpg&quot; width=&quot;249&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Bo Jackson photo by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.flickr.com/photos/10393857@N03/5356880393/&quot;&gt;Chris Putnam&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(altered)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;Dear Rich:  I’m trying to figure out if I can pair a sports card displayed with a piece of matching bobblehead art featuring celebrity/athlete likenesses for sale in a limited offering (maybe 100-250 of each). I know selling celeb art is risky business but what happens when it’s paired with something of value that is perfectly legal to sell like a card. For example, I made a Christmas-themed bobblehead of Bo Jackson inspired by his 1990 scorecard. Would the bobblehead alone be considered transformative art?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Selling an infringing item with a non-infringing item&amp;nbsp;doesn&#39;t excuse the infringement. No matter how you look at it, you&#39;re distributing infringing merchandise.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Are you infringing?&lt;/b&gt; If you sell merchandise with an athlete&#39;s name or likeness, you&#39;re probably violating what&#39;s known as the &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.jdoqocy.com/click-9069228-12360908?url=https%3a%2f%2fwww.nolo.com%2flegal-encyclopedia%2fthe-right-publicity.html&amp;amp;afsrc=1&amp;amp;SID=oc5A05L8E%2fcFrofF6SHThHbEAxDE4PPXhpbb8Jr2%2baBpgF7eKHFAdJ5oost%2bJ8ga&quot;&gt;right of publicity&lt;/a&gt;.&quot; Celebrities and sports figures have the right to control their image and name when it is exploited to sell something (even if &lt;a href=&quot;https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2117&amp;amp;context=sulr&quot;&gt;they&#39;re deceased&lt;/a&gt;). If you&#39;re &lt;a href=&quot;https://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1109&amp;amp;context=facpubs&quot;&gt;mass-producing&lt;/a&gt; bobbleheads and the athlete&#39;s law firm learns of your activity, you may receive a cease and desist letter.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;BTW, it doesn&#39;t matter if the use is &lt;a href=&quot;https://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/fair-use/four-factors/#the_transformative_factor_the_purpose_and_character_of_your_use&quot;&gt;transformative&lt;/a&gt;. That&#39;s a standard used in copyright law, which is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fenwick.com/insights/publications/litigation-alert-ninth-circuit-rules-on-copyright-preemption-of-right-of-publicity-claims&quot;&gt;different legal claim&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/feeds/6774495979383955530/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7987216743922559118&amp;postID=6774495979383955530&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/6774495979383955530'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/6774495979383955530'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/2023/02/bobbleheads-and-baseball-cards-does.html' title='Bobbleheads and Baseball Cards: Does Pairing Make it Less Risky?'/><author><name>The Dear Rich Staff</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06300963861051414109</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='21' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW5ZhdNLTAqojKmZPqxNnzIrPcyMiChssoDZ3K6y6wJsBt7nQIv_VBPK3J560QabvTZlyYHfyDiLnuS93ZlpYVFr6oiOP5NmXoDlSga02OTiHWufehXD5O7Y7ycgvmRw/s150/*'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0xrE4AvrV0aifrK50cDRlLhQ0Zm3AR9y6N91Kt7b2y9yv1dPDAM3x1W16iKfkCDy8EE_bwuzYmD96nIqf655rhLkpbTZVyQB3L5q2-Fw-1-XdV1IF1LlxYR7eClHgpHdaPo12NMzHxyuegEMPXlS1qjHgFC0vesPnmJOErcH1p8o1Z9LF3ObIcSw5Ow/s72-c/DR_BO.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7987216743922559118.post-3220014275087944370</id><published>2023-02-06T06:00:00.002-08:00</published><updated>2023-02-06T06:00:00.180-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="civil war"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="public domain"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="publication"/><title type='text'>Civil War Letters Still Copyrighted?</title><content type='html'>&lt;b&gt;&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;float: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5gyBAEIrXMT51EMz7fKdsMfMwW3abHVvlpwePtHwN3tVrXKXP00ZJ85kzSjD6IAJwe4jFimPrass9loLe4o6wjyCNx8sHy4Pqs_zUQZ5ild-KjzwlGb5AWJieaMgJyTaMXspxtOucw3WSJ0fN-59IZjsY-4cbMnris8z6YTKN9e0Lsd48Oo_Q4QaQaA/s4335/DR_GRANT.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;4335&quot; data-original-width=&quot;4335&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5gyBAEIrXMT51EMz7fKdsMfMwW3abHVvlpwePtHwN3tVrXKXP00ZJ85kzSjD6IAJwe4jFimPrass9loLe4o6wjyCNx8sHy4Pqs_zUQZ5ild-KjzwlGb5AWJieaMgJyTaMXspxtOucw3WSJ0fN-59IZjsY-4cbMnris8z6YTKN9e0Lsd48Oo_Q4QaQaA/s320/DR_GRANT.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Ulysses S. Grant - &amp;nbsp;Virginia, June 1864&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;Dear Rich: I am writing a book about the Civil War. I would like to include
  40. certain quotes from letters of Civil War soldiers. The question is, when
  41. were they first published? I have two cases where they were published
  42. in book form in the 1990s, but those letters were copied from university
  43. libraries where apparently the originals are on display. According to &amp;nbsp;your book, &quot;publication&quot; includes &quot;offering for
  44. public display.&quot; If I can determine that said letters have been on display
  45. at those libraries since before 1927, can I conclude that the first publication
  46. occurred before 1927, thus placing them in the public domain&lt;/b&gt;?
  47. &lt;div&gt;You should be fine reproducing the letters. Here&#39;s some guidance to help you decide. Divide your letters into three categories:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Unpublished letters as of January 1, 2003.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;All unpublished works by individual authors who died in 1932 or earlier &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ01.pdf#page=3&quot;&gt;are in the public domain&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Letters published as of 2003&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;without&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;the authority of the copyright owner.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;Same as above. &quot;[A]n unauthorized distribution of copies or phonorecords does not constitute publication.&quot;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.copyright.gov/comp3/chap1900/ch1900-publication.pdf&quot;&gt;Copyright Compendium&lt;/a&gt;. That&#39;s also true for unauthorized displays or performances. Therefore, unless the two publications you cite were with the authority of the author&#39;s estate, those letters are also public domain.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Letters published before 2003&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;with&lt;/i&gt; the authority of the copyright owner.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;These letters will have copyright protection until 2047 or until 70 years after the author&#39;s death, whichever is greater.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/feeds/3220014275087944370/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7987216743922559118&amp;postID=3220014275087944370&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/3220014275087944370'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/3220014275087944370'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/2023/02/civil-war-letters-still-copyrighted.html' title='Civil War Letters Still Copyrighted?'/><author><name>The Dear Rich Staff</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06300963861051414109</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='21' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW5ZhdNLTAqojKmZPqxNnzIrPcyMiChssoDZ3K6y6wJsBt7nQIv_VBPK3J560QabvTZlyYHfyDiLnuS93ZlpYVFr6oiOP5NmXoDlSga02OTiHWufehXD5O7Y7ycgvmRw/s150/*'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5gyBAEIrXMT51EMz7fKdsMfMwW3abHVvlpwePtHwN3tVrXKXP00ZJ85kzSjD6IAJwe4jFimPrass9loLe4o6wjyCNx8sHy4Pqs_zUQZ5ild-KjzwlGb5AWJieaMgJyTaMXspxtOucw3WSJ0fN-59IZjsY-4cbMnris8z6YTKN9e0Lsd48Oo_Q4QaQaA/s72-c/DR_GRANT.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7987216743922559118.post-1178518158519953504</id><published>2023-01-30T06:00:00.007-08:00</published><updated>2023-01-30T11:39:55.901-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="assignment"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="book cover"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="work made for hire"/><title type='text'>Contract Template for Graphic Book Cover Artist</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;float: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtKssdLBkQDVA9XUATRZhlllDR0ZIZk76eTAfuXkls0iqhYe1xjWd7KpkfOvG_ze0pBSXLp0f8obSgDPEXTWiAjP1NNzHEpuKWhyJ5BUp1PB2FuY9Zwg6en2OEffVGSWFMMJp9DWFkbSzzrb2borlR-G5Kj_iADg7YuO3zECFMSFeLbLnX8G9_7QmnUg/s1296/DR_BOOKCOVER.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;996&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1296&quot; height=&quot;250&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtKssdLBkQDVA9XUATRZhlllDR0ZIZk76eTAfuXkls0iqhYe1xjWd7KpkfOvG_ze0pBSXLp0f8obSgDPEXTWiAjP1NNzHEpuKWhyJ5BUp1PB2FuY9Zwg6en2OEffVGSWFMMJp9DWFkbSzzrb2borlR-G5Kj_iADg7YuO3zECFMSFeLbLnX8G9_7QmnUg/w320-h250/DR_BOOKCOVER.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Two iconic book covers that later &lt;br /&gt;became the posters for the film adaptations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dear Rich: My company is wanting to hire an
  48. illustrator to do the cover of our travel book. We want to pay this person
  49. a one-time, flat fee to do this work, and they wouldn&#39;t retain future
  50. royalties or intellectual property of the work. Is there a contract
  51. template for this scenario?&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;Below is a sample agreement that&#39;s based on our downloadable&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.craftslaw.com/licenses/work-made-for-hire-agreement/&quot;&gt;work-for-hire contract&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;on our &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.craftslaw.com&quot;&gt;Crafts Law website&lt;/a&gt;. (You can find an explanation for the provisions at the site as well.) A work-made-for-hire agreement is used, so the hiring party acquires ownership of the work. Not all hiring situations meet the &lt;a href=&quot;https://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/faqs/copyright-ownership/&quot;&gt;legal requirements&lt;/a&gt; of works made for hire, so a clause is included that alternatively assigns all rights in the work to the hiring party (a “copyright assignment”).&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;-webkit-standard, serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;Cover Art Illustration Agreement&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;-webkit-standard, serif&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in; text-align: start;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;-webkit-standard, serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;This Work-Made-for-Hire Agreement (the &quot;Agreement&quot;) is made between Bossa Nova Publishing (&quot;Company&quot;), and Astrid Jones (&quot;Illustrator&quot;).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Services.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;In consideration of the payments provided in this Agreement, Illustrator agrees to perform the following services: create original cover art for the book,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Travels With Trudy&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;(“the Work”) based on the&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;approval and delivery specifications in Attachment A.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Payment.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;Company agrees to pay Illustrator $1500 as follows: $500 upon execution of this Agreement, and $1000 upon acceptance of the completed Work.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Works Made for Hire--Assignment of Intellectual Property Rights.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;Illustrator agrees that, for consideration that is acknowledged, any works of authorship commissioned pursuant to this Agreement (the &quot;Works&quot;) shall be considered works made for hire as that term is defined under U.S. copyright law. To the extent that any such Work created for Company by Illustrator is not a work made for hire belonging to Company, Illustrator hereby assigns and transfers to Company all rights Illustrator has or may acquire to all such Works. Illustrator agrees to sign and deliver to Company, either during or subsequent to the term of this Agreement, such other documents as Company considers desirable to evidence the assignment of copyright.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Illustrator Warranties.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;Illustrator warrants that the Work does not infringe any intellectual property rights or violate any laws and that the Work is original to Illustrator.&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Entire Agreement.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;This is the entire agreement between the parties. It replaces and supersedes any and all oral agreements between the parties, as well as any prior writings. Modifications and amendments to this agreement, including any exhibit or appendix, shall be enforceable only if they are in writing and are signed by authorized representatives of both parties.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Successors and Assignees.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;This agreement binds and benefits the heirs, successors, and assignees of the parties.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Notices.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;Any notice or communication required or permitted to be given under this Agreement shall be sufficiently given when received by certified mail, or sent by facsimile transmission or overnight courier.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Governing Law.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;This agreement will be governed by the laws of the State of California.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Waiver.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;If one party waives any term or provision of this agreement at any time, that waiver will only be effective for the specific instance and specific purpose for which the waiver was given. If either party fails to exercise or delays exercising any of its rights or remedies under this agreement, that party retains the right to enforce that term or provision at a later time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Severability.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;If a court finds any provision of this agreement invalid or unenforceable, the remainder of this agreement will be interpreted so as best to carry out the parties&#39; intent.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Attachments and Exhibits.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;The parties agree and acknowledge that all attachments, exhibits, and schedules referred to in this agreement are incorporated in this agreement by reference.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;No Agency.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;Nothing contained in this Agreement will be construed as creating any agency, partnership, joint venture, or other form of joint enterprise between the parties.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Attorney Fees and Expenses.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;The prevailing party shall have the right to collect from the other party its reasonable costs and necessary disbursements and attorney fees incurred in enforcing this Agreement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;-webkit-standard, serif&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in; text-align: start;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;-webkit-standard, serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Jurisdiction.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;-webkit-standard, serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;The parties consent to the exclusive jurisdiction and venue of the federal and state courts located in&amp;nbsp;San Francisco, California, in any action arising out of or relating to this agreement. The parties waive any other venue to which either party might be entitled by domicile or otherwise.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;-webkit-standard, serif&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in; text-align: start;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;-webkit-standard, serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Signatures.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;-webkit-standard, serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Each party represents and warrants that on this date they are duly authorized to bind their respective principals by their signatures below.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;-webkit-standard, serif&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in; text-align: start;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;-webkit-standard, serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Company:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;-webkit-standard, serif&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in; text-align: start;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;-webkit-standard, serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;____________________________________________&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;____________________&lt;br /&gt;Signature&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Date&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;____________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;Typed or Printed Name&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;____________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;Title&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;Illustrator:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;____________________________________________&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;____________________&lt;br /&gt;Signature&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;-webkit-standard, serif&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/feeds/1178518158519953504/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7987216743922559118&amp;postID=1178518158519953504&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/1178518158519953504'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/1178518158519953504'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/2023/01/contract-template-for-graphic-book.html' title='Contract Template for Graphic Book Cover Artist'/><author><name>Rich</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13641642423999006411</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0RbyGNWgFP4kxgfKWGLI1ipOfNbBH6HHsTwEvdoK5vsZZZ6Es1YFJpBbJftY6nGEDRaXSOIlaLtHnntziXzDGavgnyw8MNsr4W8xQJSOn-0dGR0HM2ZTwzKwFexUd_pI/s220/IMG_7430_2.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtKssdLBkQDVA9XUATRZhlllDR0ZIZk76eTAfuXkls0iqhYe1xjWd7KpkfOvG_ze0pBSXLp0f8obSgDPEXTWiAjP1NNzHEpuKWhyJ5BUp1PB2FuY9Zwg6en2OEffVGSWFMMJp9DWFkbSzzrb2borlR-G5Kj_iADg7YuO3zECFMSFeLbLnX8G9_7QmnUg/s72-w320-h250-c/DR_BOOKCOVER.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7987216743922559118.post-2369204733027230038</id><published>2023-01-24T13:04:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2023-01-24T13:04:11.051-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="copyright"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="registration"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="renewal"/><title type='text'>Does Renewal Apply to Both Published and Unpublished Works?</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhga3y7qN4s4OEo3A_jAEEKmQ2t7WdRW8N7rz0UGzP5cWvIMqsBnaF4C-s-tuJB8h4oTjBojduYSVtrY7R0nzdCS8sZFlbaYXnHg03fUcBNJEVkLbnovLAdSqOALY4vqZk1MVCC3O0L_GLkw1h62v9_RkQaB4SFn8KYMgIDZzFgTGa-LPsrrb673HFOYQ/s916/DRJanuary18.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;916&quot; data-original-width=&quot;916&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhga3y7qN4s4OEo3A_jAEEKmQ2t7WdRW8N7rz0UGzP5cWvIMqsBnaF4C-s-tuJB8h4oTjBojduYSVtrY7R0nzdCS8sZFlbaYXnHg03fUcBNJEVkLbnovLAdSqOALY4vqZk1MVCC3O0L_GLkw1h62v9_RkQaB4SFn8KYMgIDZzFgTGa-LPsrrb673HFOYQ/s320/DRJanuary18.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Dear Rich: A song was first copyrighted in an “unpublished” form in 1950, and subsequently, in the same year, the same song was copyrighted in “published” form. The published registration was renewed in a timely fashion. The unpublished copyright was not renewed. Does the renewal of the published work protect the rights of the composer? Or does failing to renew the unpublished version put the song in the public domain?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;div&gt;If the copyright was renewed, it’s protected for 95 years from the first publication. If the music was published in 1950, it wouldn&#39;t become public domain until 2045.  It doesn&#39;t matter that the unpublished version was never renewed unless the unpublished version contains material that differs from the published version. For example, if the unpublished version contains an intro that&#39;s not present in the published version, the intro would be public domain.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/feeds/2369204733027230038/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7987216743922559118&amp;postID=2369204733027230038&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/2369204733027230038'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/2369204733027230038'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/2023/01/does-renewal-apply-to-both-published.html' title='Does Renewal Apply to Both Published and Unpublished Works?'/><author><name>The Dear Rich Staff</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06300963861051414109</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='21' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW5ZhdNLTAqojKmZPqxNnzIrPcyMiChssoDZ3K6y6wJsBt7nQIv_VBPK3J560QabvTZlyYHfyDiLnuS93ZlpYVFr6oiOP5NmXoDlSga02OTiHWufehXD5O7Y7ycgvmRw/s150/*'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhga3y7qN4s4OEo3A_jAEEKmQ2t7WdRW8N7rz0UGzP5cWvIMqsBnaF4C-s-tuJB8h4oTjBojduYSVtrY7R0nzdCS8sZFlbaYXnHg03fUcBNJEVkLbnovLAdSqOALY4vqZk1MVCC3O0L_GLkw1h62v9_RkQaB4SFn8KYMgIDZzFgTGa-LPsrrb673HFOYQ/s72-c/DRJanuary18.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7987216743922559118.post-2732197102928857705</id><published>2023-01-17T16:48:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2023-01-17T16:48:19.251-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="fair use"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ideas"/><title type='text'>Natural v. Synthetic Tests: Copyright-Protected?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;320&#39; height=&#39;266&#39; src=&#39;https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dwjJNxuGJi14a6EscGGHYQM-IZGVvBZTgY9MVKmcM3YKby-j4E8Sxu66M7nDN_oAVkDCekMfOoQC4bjiK_CLw&#39; class=&#39;b-hbp-video b-uploaded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dear Rich: I have a website that helps people determine whether jewelry and gemstones are natural or synthetic. I am redoing the site and want to eliminate some of the sources listed for the various tests. I&#39;ve changed the wording so that it is not similar to the source material, but it is still the same test. I would like to know if this is fair use, as many of these tests are standard practice in the industry. Also, we&#39;ve created something original because we are taking points from various sources and compiling them with our own explanations to create a relatively unique webpage.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;You&#39;re not infringing if you are describing common tests and standards used within an industry and you have made an attempt to distinguish yourself from the source material. That is, you are not copying verbatim. Copyright law &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ33.pdf&quot;&gt;won&#39;t protect&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&quot;any idea, procedure, process, system, method of operation,
  52. concept, principle, or discovery, regardless of the form in which it is described, explained, illustrated, or embodied.&quot; So, the fact that natural pearls are grittier than fake pearls cannot be copyright-protected. In addition, if there are a limited number of ways of describing the test -- for example, that natural diamonds can cut glass -- you will &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.paulweiss.com/media/1851041/mergerdoct.pdf&quot;&gt;rarely run into a problem&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fair use?&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;If you are challenged over your site, your most robust defense would be that the tests are not copyrightable. &lt;a href=&quot;https://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/fair-use/four-factors/&quot;&gt;Fair use&lt;/a&gt; -- which permits the unauthorized use of copyrightable material for specific purposes -- is likely not an issue.&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/feeds/2732197102928857705/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7987216743922559118&amp;postID=2732197102928857705&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/2732197102928857705'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/2732197102928857705'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/2023/01/natural-v-synthetic-tests-copyright.html' title='Natural v. Synthetic Tests: Copyright-Protected?'/><author><name>The Dear Rich Staff</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06300963861051414109</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='21' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW5ZhdNLTAqojKmZPqxNnzIrPcyMiChssoDZ3K6y6wJsBt7nQIv_VBPK3J560QabvTZlyYHfyDiLnuS93ZlpYVFr6oiOP5NmXoDlSga02OTiHWufehXD5O7Y7ycgvmRw/s150/*'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7987216743922559118.post-6904615102836191359</id><published>2023-01-09T18:18:00.005-08:00</published><updated>2023-03-31T10:25:58.213-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Police Photo: Public Domain or Fair Use?</title><content type='html'>&lt;b&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZNg-VPxMikWWutktTZBrMYpGPPD3MQBZMm4yUIuB9onSeKY_jygQEV89J_O8CmCHtZ7xpUaRpXvmsNIRL4L3-4LOBsYI3YS9eUh8JPFYVyMc33d1wGAzjMjeXQCvoPEBHLthQ897E8Lqbi1BUHfoSUVPyiXxCt5YHAqM_AZnyCMKmg3XB0SH3FFhrbQ/s3840/Planecrash2.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;2160&quot; data-original-width=&quot;3840&quot; height=&quot;180&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZNg-VPxMikWWutktTZBrMYpGPPD3MQBZMm4yUIuB9onSeKY_jygQEV89J_O8CmCHtZ7xpUaRpXvmsNIRL4L3-4LOBsYI3YS9eUh8JPFYVyMc33d1wGAzjMjeXQCvoPEBHLthQ897E8Lqbi1BUHfoSUVPyiXxCt5YHAqM_AZnyCMKmg3XB0SH3FFhrbQ/s320/Planecrash2.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Dear Rich: I want to use a police plane crash accident photo in my book. It was
  53. released to the press and has been published in many news outlets
  54. attributed to the department. There are no privacy issues - no
  55. vehicle/person/property is identifiable. May I use it? Is it public domain
  56. or fair use?&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Public domain?&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Although state and local police are not prohibited from &lt;a href=&quot;https://govtinfo.libanswers.com/faq/224247&quot;&gt;claiming copyright&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;in their photos the answer depends on the state where the police department is located. Some states like New York, Illinois, and Michigan (called &quot;closed copyright&quot; states) actively pursue copyright for employee-created works. Other states like Virginia, California, and Massachusetts (called &quot;open copyright&quot; states) have a policy that makes state documents presumptively public domain. The Harvard Library has put together &lt;a href=&quot;https://copyright.lib.harvard.edu/states/&quot;&gt;a map&lt;/a&gt; indicating each state&#39;s policy. It&#39;s also possible that the police department has created its own policy and granted blanket permission for informational purposes, or that licensing only requires attribution. BTW, photos by &lt;a href=&quot;ttps://www.usa.gov/government-works&quot;&gt;federal &lt;/a&gt;law enforcement&amp;nbsp;are public domain.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fair Use?&lt;/b&gt; Publication of the photo in your book may qualify as fair use if it provides &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.copyright.gov/fair-use/summaries/Yang-v-Mic-Network-Inc-Nos-20-4097-cv-20-4201-cv-2d-Cir-Mar-29-2022.pdf&quot;&gt;commentary&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.copyright.gov/fair-use/summaries/mcgucken-pubocean-cdcal2021.pdf&quot;&gt;expresses ideas &lt;/a&gt;“beyond what [the [photographer] expressed in his photographs,&quot; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.copyright.gov/fair-use/summaries/Schwartzwald%20v%20Oath%20Inc%2019-CV-9938%20(S.D.N.Y.%20Sept.%2010%202020).pdf&quot;&gt;disputes or makes fun&lt;/a&gt; of the imagery. When ruling on fair use, courts consider &lt;a href=&quot;https://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/fair-use/four-factors/&quot;&gt;four factors&lt;/a&gt;. But, beware, if you claim fair use, you&#39;ll likely have to prove your claim in court, an expensive proposition.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;What to do? &lt;/b&gt;If it&#39;s unlikely that the police department will see your book (for example, the photo isn&#39;t on the cover) and you&#39;re utilizing eBooks and print-on-demand services, you can&amp;nbsp;test the waters by using the image without permission. That way, if a challenge develops, it will be easier to remove the photo without losing a print run. If you&#39;re hoping your book becomes popular, or that you sign with a publisher, or you live in a closed copyright state, then, it&#39;s best to get permission from the police department.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;P.S. Dept.&lt;/b&gt; You can find a thorough review of crime photography and copyright issues&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.forbes.com/sites/schuylermoore/2021/07/28/copyright-implications-of-crime-documentaries/?sh=306cdc74cb79&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/feeds/6904615102836191359/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7987216743922559118&amp;postID=6904615102836191359&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/6904615102836191359'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/6904615102836191359'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/2023/01/police-photo-public-domain-or-fair-use.html' title='Police Photo: Public Domain or Fair Use?'/><author><name>Rich</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13641642423999006411</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0RbyGNWgFP4kxgfKWGLI1ipOfNbBH6HHsTwEvdoK5vsZZZ6Es1YFJpBbJftY6nGEDRaXSOIlaLtHnntziXzDGavgnyw8MNsr4W8xQJSOn-0dGR0HM2ZTwzKwFexUd_pI/s220/IMG_7430_2.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZNg-VPxMikWWutktTZBrMYpGPPD3MQBZMm4yUIuB9onSeKY_jygQEV89J_O8CmCHtZ7xpUaRpXvmsNIRL4L3-4LOBsYI3YS9eUh8JPFYVyMc33d1wGAzjMjeXQCvoPEBHLthQ897E8Lqbi1BUHfoSUVPyiXxCt5YHAqM_AZnyCMKmg3XB0SH3FFhrbQ/s72-c/Planecrash2.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7987216743922559118.post-6486403355239831744</id><published>2022-12-09T19:13:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2022-12-09T19:13:38.811-08:00</updated><title type='text'>No Registration at Time of &#39;Infringement&#39;</title><content type='html'>&lt;b style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn_4EdCXNEWu3BSHFJIlDCL3hZjqw2eCikwyCtkhQmLkZXc3-EX8s3Nc0kAg5i9b9gwlqrPaEWQZP9ioSkg_NnFAp60U9SH6X7feRD8yAvLj0itaZDlm2fg8247jm8MuRie0QS7jOnDUmxqp2DSYIEuOHtjhwWblYAg8kUD82eJ0o4E0Oo7AJBg3GaSg/s562/CC_Licenses.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;441&quot; data-original-width=&quot;562&quot; height=&quot;315&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn_4EdCXNEWu3BSHFJIlDCL3hZjqw2eCikwyCtkhQmLkZXc3-EX8s3Nc0kAg5i9b9gwlqrPaEWQZP9ioSkg_NnFAp60U9SH6X7feRD8yAvLj0itaZDlm2fg8247jm8MuRie0QS7jOnDUmxqp2DSYIEuOHtjhwWblYAg8kUD82eJ0o4E0Oo7AJBg3GaSg/w400-h315/CC_Licenses.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fullerton.edu/openfullerton/of_learn/creative_commons.php&quot;&gt;Types of Creative Commons licenses&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;Dear Rich: I reproduced a Creative Commons photograph on my blog.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;The photographer posted the picture to use for free. A few weeks later, I got an email from a company representing the photographer saying that I was infringing&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;because I didn&#39;t list the photographer&#39;s name. They&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;wanted $750 to settle. I took the photo down immediately. I asked for proof that they owned the copyright, and they wrote back that the registration was pending and that I had 21 days to respond before they handed it over to their attorneys.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;div&gt;The not-so-good news is that you&#39;ll probably have to pay something to make this go away. The good news is that you should be able to bargain your way down.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Copyright and credit. &lt;/b&gt;The photographer&#39;s&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/&quot;&gt;Creative Commons license&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;allows anyone to reproduce his image provided that the user gives appropriate credit, provides a link to the license, and indicates if changes were made. In other words, if you credit the photographer, you&#39;re not infringing. You failed to provide attribution, so you&#39;re not entitled to the license, i.e. you are infringing, The company can sue you and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/504&quot;&gt;$750 &lt;/a&gt;is the minimum amount of statutory damages that a judge can award for copyright infringement.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Registration and bargaining. &lt;/b&gt;If the copyright wasn&#39;t registered before you posted the picture (or within three months of the first publication of the photo), the photographer is&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/412&quot;&gt; not entitled to statutory&lt;/a&gt; damages (the $750 figure). Instead, he can seek actual damages. Actual damages are equal to &quot;the amount a willing buyer would have been reasonably required to pay a willing seller at the time of the infringement for the actual use.&quot; In other words, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ce9.uscourts.gov/jury-instructions/node/704&quot;&gt;how much does the photographer earn from a similar license?&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;Because the photographer offers the license for free (as long as attribution is provided), the damages are difficult to discern and probably are less than $750. We recommend that you try bargaining the settlement figure down to&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;$250 using the arguments above. And, of course, when negotiating, &lt;a href=&quot;https://amzn.to/3Hq4aOe&quot;&gt;never split the difference&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/feeds/6486403355239831744/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7987216743922559118&amp;postID=6486403355239831744&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/6486403355239831744'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/6486403355239831744'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/2022/12/no-registration-at-time-of-infringement.html' title='No Registration at Time of &#39;Infringement&#39;'/><author><name>The Dear Rich Staff</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06300963861051414109</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='21' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW5ZhdNLTAqojKmZPqxNnzIrPcyMiChssoDZ3K6y6wJsBt7nQIv_VBPK3J560QabvTZlyYHfyDiLnuS93ZlpYVFr6oiOP5NmXoDlSga02OTiHWufehXD5O7Y7ycgvmRw/s150/*'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn_4EdCXNEWu3BSHFJIlDCL3hZjqw2eCikwyCtkhQmLkZXc3-EX8s3Nc0kAg5i9b9gwlqrPaEWQZP9ioSkg_NnFAp60U9SH6X7feRD8yAvLj0itaZDlm2fg8247jm8MuRie0QS7jOnDUmxqp2DSYIEuOHtjhwWblYAg8kUD82eJ0o4E0Oo7AJBg3GaSg/s72-w400-h315-c/CC_Licenses.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7987216743922559118.post-8225083832499058059</id><published>2022-11-15T17:51:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2022-11-15T17:51:38.243-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Compulsory Licensing vs. Exclusive Licensing</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYOj8ETcrOvVvcvc2kke-CAJXs64P1hT66Sq5HGshLQAE3wgHSW-0qyhrSkWeohiHY8Y7tTaNOy-4TKOE_j8no2vWkHZFu1ZkNz5wH5E6UcI28ERruo7Zo1KIoOLr5g1EH5kSHIxS_CqLj_liD1OpgfPrl6XI2lgmtko90nmx_9UPc3HirCXKQ4YWy/s414/DR_ExclusiveLic.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;290&quot; data-original-width=&quot;414&quot; height=&quot;224&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYOj8ETcrOvVvcvc2kke-CAJXs64P1hT66Sq5HGshLQAE3wgHSW-0qyhrSkWeohiHY8Y7tTaNOy-4TKOE_j8no2vWkHZFu1ZkNz5wH5E6UcI28ERruo7Zo1KIoOLr5g1EH5kSHIxS_CqLj_liD1OpgfPrl6XI2lgmtko90nmx_9UPc3HirCXKQ4YWy/s320/DR_ExclusiveLic.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Dear Rich: I was wondering how compulsory licensing fits with exclusive licensing. In
  57. other words, if a song is exclusively licensed for a movie, for example,
  58. can someone still license it to record another version? I remember reading somewhere about some songwriters setting licensing fees
  59. so high as to exclude many. Excluding statutory fees, is there
  60. any standard for such song license fees, or is it completely “willy-nilly”?&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;div&gt;A license agreement is &lt;b&gt;exclusive&lt;/b&gt; if you are the only person who has the right to use the work as described in the agreement. For example, if you enter into an agreement with the owner of the song, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9zaxFF4lyHs&quot;&gt;Strangers in the Night&lt;/a&gt; for the exclusive use of the song in a movie, no one else could use the song in another movie. Exclusivity can be as narrow or as broad as you choose. For example, you could narrow the exclusivity by limiting the exclusive right to use &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGHcHgUddHQ&quot;&gt;Strangers in the Night&lt;/a&gt; in horror genre movies. Or you could expand the exclusivity of your license agreement by obtaining the exclusive right to use the song in movies and television shows.&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Compulsory licenses &lt;/b&gt;are mandatory licenses established by law. A copyright owner must grant a compulsory license, provided that you follow certain legal rules and pay fees. For example, once &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMIIrfBRm_s&quot;&gt;Strangers in the Night&lt;/a&gt; has been recorded and distributed to the public on recordings, any person or group is entitled to record and distribute a cover of the song without obtaining the song owner&#39;s consent. Compulsory licenses are nonexclusive (meaning others can also cover &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMtz8NRjxOg&quot;&gt;Strangers in the Night&lt;/a&gt;, just like you can).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Long answer. &lt;/b&gt;So, the fact that a song has been exclusively licensed for a movie doesn&#39;t, by itself, preclude your ability to get the compulsory license for a cover version. But, keep in mind, if the song has never been &quot;recorded and distributed to the public on recordings,&quot; you won&#39;t be able to obtain the compulsory license.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;b&gt;Example:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;A song was used in a movie but never released on a soundtrack or other recording format. It would not qualify for the compulsory license. You would have to wait until the song owner released the song on a recording distributed to the public.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;To take advantage of the cover song compulsory license, a notice must be sent to the copyright owner along with a fee set by the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://copyright.gov/licensing/m200a.pdf&quot;&gt;U.S. Copyright Office&lt;/a&gt;, known as the statutory fee or statutory rate. The recording fee (in 2022)&amp;nbsp;is 9.1 cents per song (or 1.75 cents per minute of playing time). Alternatively, you can use online services such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.songfile.com&quot;&gt;Songfile&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/feeds/8225083832499058059/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7987216743922559118&amp;postID=8225083832499058059&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/8225083832499058059'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/8225083832499058059'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/2022/11/compulsory-licensing-vs-exclusive.html' title='Compulsory Licensing vs. Exclusive Licensing'/><author><name>Rich</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13641642423999006411</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0RbyGNWgFP4kxgfKWGLI1ipOfNbBH6HHsTwEvdoK5vsZZZ6Es1YFJpBbJftY6nGEDRaXSOIlaLtHnntziXzDGavgnyw8MNsr4W8xQJSOn-0dGR0HM2ZTwzKwFexUd_pI/s220/IMG_7430_2.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYOj8ETcrOvVvcvc2kke-CAJXs64P1hT66Sq5HGshLQAE3wgHSW-0qyhrSkWeohiHY8Y7tTaNOy-4TKOE_j8no2vWkHZFu1ZkNz5wH5E6UcI28ERruo7Zo1KIoOLr5g1EH5kSHIxS_CqLj_liD1OpgfPrl6XI2lgmtko90nmx_9UPc3HirCXKQ4YWy/s72-c/DR_ExclusiveLic.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7987216743922559118.post-2669651546664938116</id><published>2022-08-13T16:25:00.004-07:00</published><updated>2022-08-14T13:32:43.735-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="deposit"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="registration"/><title type='text'>How Do I Locate Image Associated With a Copyright Registration?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWrSNbonYSfx4jhDSimgvEiHzO_n7p26nDYHDyOluhPzBC71VQu1SstMxtTGAa5wgQquvME1Rfl06eDSPaEJCcAzCi9pr13GPrnMKY0BK8EW1W7MvDnyc91M2dTYMckd1HCExFg0-3-ed8cCwfqim1iMhzgcNAiS37SQt8Z83LnktYsVS3eRC3i6-T/s1836/DR_CopImage.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;1730&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1836&quot; height=&quot;302&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWrSNbonYSfx4jhDSimgvEiHzO_n7p26nDYHDyOluhPzBC71VQu1SstMxtTGAa5wgQquvME1Rfl06eDSPaEJCcAzCi9pr13GPrnMKY0BK8EW1W7MvDnyc91M2dTYMckd1HCExFg0-3-ed8cCwfqim1iMhzgcNAiS37SQt8Z83LnktYsVS3eRC3i6-T/s320/DR_CopImage.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Dear Rich: If I&#39;m provided
  61. with a registration number for a visual art&#39;s copyright, how can I check
  62. its image?
  63. I have tried searching on www.copyright.gov, but the result
  64. doesn&#39;t include the image.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;div&gt;The&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.copyright.gov/public-records/&quot;&gt; Copyright Office Public Records Portal&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;does not provide copies of the images, books, movies, or other copyrighted materials registered under copyright law. These works are considered &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.copyright.gov/help/faq/mandatory_deposit.html&quot;&gt;deposit materials&lt;/a&gt; (because the registrant deposits copies with the Copyright Office), and you must request them from the&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.copyright.gov/rrc/&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Research and Certification Section&lt;/a&gt;. (Keep in mind that the Copyright Office does not retain all deposited works for copyright registration.) The Copyright Office will only provide deposit materials in three situations: (1) you are the copyright owner (and can prove it), (2) you are preparing for litigation, and you complete the Copyright Office Litigation Statement Form, or (3) A court order is issued for the deposited material. All of this information (and more) is provided in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ06.pdf&quot;&gt;Copyright Circular 6.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/feeds/2669651546664938116/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7987216743922559118&amp;postID=2669651546664938116&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/2669651546664938116'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/2669651546664938116'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/2022/08/how-do-i-locate-image-associated-with.html' title='How Do I Locate Image Associated With a Copyright Registration?'/><author><name>Rich</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13641642423999006411</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0RbyGNWgFP4kxgfKWGLI1ipOfNbBH6HHsTwEvdoK5vsZZZ6Es1YFJpBbJftY6nGEDRaXSOIlaLtHnntziXzDGavgnyw8MNsr4W8xQJSOn-0dGR0HM2ZTwzKwFexUd_pI/s220/IMG_7430_2.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWrSNbonYSfx4jhDSimgvEiHzO_n7p26nDYHDyOluhPzBC71VQu1SstMxtTGAa5wgQquvME1Rfl06eDSPaEJCcAzCi9pr13GPrnMKY0BK8EW1W7MvDnyc91M2dTYMckd1HCExFg0-3-ed8cCwfqim1iMhzgcNAiS37SQt8Z83LnktYsVS3eRC3i6-T/s72-c/DR_CopImage.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7987216743922559118.post-6485722482416722784</id><published>2022-08-03T16:22:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2022-08-03T19:56:06.357-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="architecture"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="photos"/><title type='text'>Can I Publish Interior Photo of Museum Without Permission?</title><content type='html'>&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;float: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeIGSXUdP1E9XtIYYDW5y4Ceo8AmIr_GrL0RI76guHwwHSr3Uk-XMWS4_u7Rv1cWzu7cmo3gQIZ_V3ySnODS9TpHULjvGk-xthDMoRf1aNDOIgYTKbbFrwTHN3kKrSFUpYv4lmkbo39il-WDestSKjLNhrrXcplc7aULFKE8wt457-MsBRaCJiwZpd/s1050/DR_Interior.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;750&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1050&quot; height=&quot;229&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeIGSXUdP1E9XtIYYDW5y4Ceo8AmIr_GrL0RI76guHwwHSr3Uk-XMWS4_u7Rv1cWzu7cmo3gQIZ_V3ySnODS9TpHULjvGk-xthDMoRf1aNDOIgYTKbbFrwTHN3kKrSFUpYv4lmkbo39il-WDestSKjLNhrrXcplc7aULFKE8wt457-MsBRaCJiwZpd/s320/DR_Interior.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Interior Entrance to the Department of Interior&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;b&gt;Dear Rich: Do we need any kind of release to use a photo of an interior entrance in a new and very famous museum for use in a print-only format. The topic of our publication is the museum. The authors found the image on the web. I can’t find any caption with credit / © language . . . on the web.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;div&gt;Getting permission from the photographer would eliminate any risk resulting from your publication. But if you can&#39;t get permission, &amp;nbsp;you may have a reasonable fair use argument.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fair use&lt;/b&gt;. Reproducing the image without the copyright owner&#39;s permission is an infringement unless you can&amp;nbsp;claim fair use. If we consider the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/107&quot;&gt;four fair use factors&lt;/a&gt;, the &lt;b&gt;first factor, &lt;/b&gt;the&amp;nbsp;purpose and character of the use, weighs in favor of fair use because your book&amp;nbsp;is for purposes such as criticism, comment, reporting, and teaching, all reasons provided in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/107&quot;&gt;notes&lt;/a&gt; to the fair use statute. As to the &lt;b&gt;second factor&lt;/b&gt;, the nature of the copyrighted work, courts generally consider photographs as creative works, unless, as might be the case with your photo, the photo is more documentary in nature and does not “showcase the original artistic expression of the photographer.” (See &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://casetext.com/case/de-fontbrune-v-wofsy-4&quot;&gt;DeFontbrune v. Wofsy&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;in which museum catalog photos of Picasso artworks were reproduced). Assuming the photograph is basically a documentation of the entrance, this second factor may weigh in your favor as well. The &lt;b&gt;third factor&lt;/b&gt;, the amount and substantiality of the work used, weighs in favor of the photographer because we imagine you will be using the complete photograph, unaltered. (See&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=18304794661569561463&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;as_sdt=6&amp;amp;as_vis=1&amp;amp;oi=scholarr&quot;&gt;Golden v. Michael Grecco Prods&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;in which promotional photos of Xena the Warrior Princess were used in a blog post.) The &lt;b&gt;fourth factor&lt;/b&gt;, the effect of the use upon the potential market, is difficult to call because we&#39;re not clear as to the source of the photo, whether the photographer has exploited the image, and whether the photo and the museum book compete in any manner.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;If you go with the photo ... &lt;/b&gt;You can strengthen your fair use claim by reducing the size of the image (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hklaw.com/en/insights/publications/2006/07/publishers-use-of-grateful-dead-posters-found-to-b&quot;&gt;thumbnail is best&lt;/a&gt;) and you can demonstrate your good faith (which may help lower potential damages) by documenting attempts to find the copyright owner. In regards to the latter, have you tried &lt;a href=&quot;https://support.google.com/websearch/answer/1325808?hl=en&amp;amp;co=GENIE.Platform%3DDesktop&quot;&gt;Google&#39;s image search&lt;/a&gt; to locate other sightings of the photo?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Architectural copyright. &lt;/b&gt;If the museum is new (built after 1990), copyright law protects the building&#39;s design. As &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ41.pdf&quot;&gt;Circular 41&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Copyright Claims in Architectural Works) states, examples of works that satisfy this architectural copyright requirement &quot;include houses, office buildings, churches, and &lt;b&gt;museums&lt;/b&gt; (emphasis added). Keep in mind, that the architectural copyright extends to the overall form of the museum&#39;s building, the exteriors, and the arrangement and composition of permanent structures that divide the interior into separate rooms and spaces. However, the museum&#39;s architectural copyright does not include standard features such as windows, doors, or similar building elements, standard configurations of spaces, functional features, or interior design features, such as the selection and placement of furniture, lighting, paint, or similar items. Although we haven&#39;t seen the museum&#39;s interior entrance, it is possible that by itself, it may not qualify for copyright, or that your reproduction will be excused as fair use.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/feeds/6485722482416722784/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7987216743922559118&amp;postID=6485722482416722784&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/6485722482416722784'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/6485722482416722784'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/2022/08/can-i-publish-interior-photo-of-museum.html' title='Can I Publish Interior Photo of Museum Without Permission?'/><author><name>Rich</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13641642423999006411</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0RbyGNWgFP4kxgfKWGLI1ipOfNbBH6HHsTwEvdoK5vsZZZ6Es1YFJpBbJftY6nGEDRaXSOIlaLtHnntziXzDGavgnyw8MNsr4W8xQJSOn-0dGR0HM2ZTwzKwFexUd_pI/s220/IMG_7430_2.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeIGSXUdP1E9XtIYYDW5y4Ceo8AmIr_GrL0RI76guHwwHSr3Uk-XMWS4_u7Rv1cWzu7cmo3gQIZ_V3ySnODS9TpHULjvGk-xthDMoRf1aNDOIgYTKbbFrwTHN3kKrSFUpYv4lmkbo39il-WDestSKjLNhrrXcplc7aULFKE8wt457-MsBRaCJiwZpd/s72-c/DR_Interior.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7987216743922559118.post-6086116437971147713</id><published>2022-06-22T19:25:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2022-06-22T20:04:23.703-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="permissions"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Playboy"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="work made for hire"/><title type='text'>Why Won&#39;t Playboy Grant Cartoon Rights?</title><content type='html'>&lt;b&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_gSs5-1YC76B2eMGfCdEze0NndZ6zzSkL0GaJFOnJIB5RywXteI3OliaUwSEw56Cw7VZotRAUJLfEpkf091C78LlYIi-K4XyHqFvWG_Vjym_JycS0l_MSBSpuvnWCowfK9G0yQe11ROirMHDvoyUNjLxXQSytUEFoHmIIAUU4ag_Hbez_KPTGxHeE/s3000/DR_Playboy2.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; display: inline; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;3000&quot; data-original-width=&quot;3000&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_gSs5-1YC76B2eMGfCdEze0NndZ6zzSkL0GaJFOnJIB5RywXteI3OliaUwSEw56Cw7VZotRAUJLfEpkf091C78LlYIi-K4XyHqFvWG_Vjym_JycS0l_MSBSpuvnWCowfK9G0yQe11ROirMHDvoyUNjLxXQSytUEFoHmIIAUU4ag_Hbez_KPTGxHeE/s320/DR_Playboy2.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Dear Rich: Playboy Rights &amp;amp; Permissions recently denied us permission to use a Playboy
  65. cartoon in a print only, low number of copies, scholarly publication. The
  66. reason stated is “ I am sorry but the cartoon by [famous cartoonist’s name]
  67. that was originally published in the [month &amp;amp; 1965] issue of Playboy is not
  68. available for third party licensing.” What can I infer from that statement?
  69. I wonder does Playboy hold exclusive rights to that cartoonist&#39;s work? Do
  70. they know the rights status? I&#39;d like to find a way to use the cartoon but not if
  71. it means taking a risk with an entity like Playboy.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;div&gt;The statement, &quot;not available for third party licensing,&quot; may mean Playboy doesn&#39;t have the right to license the cartoon. Although we are not privy to the arrangement between the magazine and the cartoonist,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/695159/playboy-enterprises-inc-and-special-editions-ltd/&quot;&gt;a case involving the artist, Patrick Nagel,&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;revealed&amp;nbsp;that until July 1979, Playboy acquired rights from artists by printing the following legend on the back of checks:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;div&gt;Any alteration of this legend agreement voids this check. By endorsement of this check, payee acknowledges payment in full for the assignment to Playboy Enterprises, Inc. of all right, title, and interest in and to the following items: [a description of the work].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;An assignment versus work made for hire. &lt;/b&gt;In the Nagel case, the court of appeals determined that this language referred to an &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.edwardallenlaw.com/difference-between-copyright-assignments-and-licenses/&quot;&gt;assignment&lt;/a&gt;, not a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ09.pdf&quot;&gt;work-for-hire&lt;/a&gt;. One difference between the two types of ownership is that an assignment can be terminated after a number of years while a work-for-hire cannot. For example, transfers of ownership made in 1965 could be terminated in 2021 (see &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2020-title17/pdf/USCODE-2020-title17-chap3-sec304.pdf&quot;&gt;17 USC 304&lt;/a&gt;). Therefore if Playboy used a similar legend in 1965, and if the cartoonist&#39;s estate terminated Playboy&#39;s rights, the cartoonist&#39;s estate may own the right to license the cartoon.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Or maybe they don&#39;t want to deal ...&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;Alternatively, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5127f7b0e4b0706f4bc5db3e/1542174133842-XA1GIKQJK87RTGXSXFZJ/ILWYD6So.jpg?format=1000w&quot;&gt;cynical members&lt;/a&gt; of the Dear Rich Staff&amp;nbsp;wonder if Playboy just doesn&#39;t want to bother with small licenses such as yours and they use this statement as an &lt;a href=&quot;https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/i-m-just-saying&quot;&gt;all-purpose rejection&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/feeds/6086116437971147713/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7987216743922559118&amp;postID=6086116437971147713&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/6086116437971147713'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/6086116437971147713'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/2022/06/why-wont-playboy-grant-cartoon-rights.html' title='Why Won&#39;t Playboy Grant Cartoon Rights?'/><author><name>Rich</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13641642423999006411</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0RbyGNWgFP4kxgfKWGLI1ipOfNbBH6HHsTwEvdoK5vsZZZ6Es1YFJpBbJftY6nGEDRaXSOIlaLtHnntziXzDGavgnyw8MNsr4W8xQJSOn-0dGR0HM2ZTwzKwFexUd_pI/s220/IMG_7430_2.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_gSs5-1YC76B2eMGfCdEze0NndZ6zzSkL0GaJFOnJIB5RywXteI3OliaUwSEw56Cw7VZotRAUJLfEpkf091C78LlYIi-K4XyHqFvWG_Vjym_JycS0l_MSBSpuvnWCowfK9G0yQe11ROirMHDvoyUNjLxXQSytUEFoHmIIAUU4ag_Hbez_KPTGxHeE/s72-c/DR_Playboy2.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7987216743922559118.post-2813925653694909165</id><published>2022-05-12T17:16:00.004-07:00</published><updated>2022-05-12T17:16:58.470-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="fine arts"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="permissions"/><title type='text'>Is Artist&#39;s Permission Required to Reproduce Artwork in Exhibition Catalog?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-TY_w9sZiKMw7U4OSGYtOJLOF8fhWB6JKW6F8i71D0RymRWKCAjqeuege1zfb5csqMYa23fJGhhSkDRzrjGL_bbCDLmdxRL1jrGtYrVKqQBJxYYBWh4aQoQQuu65Q09w8h3k5ddu70PVkTosePBbP0IwDe7MWcVSzplM1_VVc8w58rRU3_knba9oR/s351/DR_museum2.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;351&quot; data-original-width=&quot;336&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-TY_w9sZiKMw7U4OSGYtOJLOF8fhWB6JKW6F8i71D0RymRWKCAjqeuege1zfb5csqMYa23fJGhhSkDRzrjGL_bbCDLmdxRL1jrGtYrVKqQBJxYYBWh4aQoQQuu65Q09w8h3k5ddu70PVkTosePBbP0IwDe7MWcVSzplM1_VVc8w58rRU3_knba9oR/s320/DR_museum2.jpg&quot; width=&quot;306&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Dear Rich: As the representative of a particular (living) artist, I was recently
  72. contacted by the organizer of an exhibition in which original art pieces
  73. owned by various collectors will be on display -- including my client&#39;s
  74. art. Photos of the art will be included in an exhibition catalog that
  75. will be made available for sale to patrons of the exhibit. Because these
  76. catalogs will be sold, the organizer of the event has requested my
  77. client&#39;s permission for said art to be included (my client will not be
  78. compensated). In this particular situation, is my
  79. client&#39;s permission actually necessary?
  80. &lt;/b&gt;&lt;div&gt;Yes, your client&#39;s permission is required. This is the case regardless of whether the catalog is sold or offered for free. That&#39;s because when an artwork is sold, the buyer only acquires ownership of the physical work, for example, the framed painting. As the &lt;a href=&quot;https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-7th-circuit/1253186.html&quot;&gt;Seventh Circuit held&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;“a copyright is not transferred automatically with the transfer of the copyrighted good [thus] when you buy a book, you don’t obtain the right to make and sell copies of it.” The copyright (the right to display and make copies)&amp;nbsp;is typically retained by the artist. There are exceptions to this rule, for example, if the artwork is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ30.pdf&quot;&gt;work made for hire&lt;/a&gt;, or if the artist &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.copyright.gov/help/faq/faq-assignment.html&quot;&gt;assigns&lt;/a&gt; copyright to the buyer, but otherwise, the artist controls the duplication. BTW, the same rules apply for &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-fungible_token&quot;&gt;non-fungible tokens&lt;/a&gt; (NFTs). So, if your client creates an NFT, an NFT buyer &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/nfts-and-copyright-law-7361836/&quot;&gt;would not acquire copyright&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/feeds/2813925653694909165/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7987216743922559118&amp;postID=2813925653694909165&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/2813925653694909165'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/2813925653694909165'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/2022/05/is-artists-permission-required-to.html' title='Is Artist&#39;s Permission Required to Reproduce Artwork in Exhibition Catalog?'/><author><name>Rich</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13641642423999006411</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0RbyGNWgFP4kxgfKWGLI1ipOfNbBH6HHsTwEvdoK5vsZZZ6Es1YFJpBbJftY6nGEDRaXSOIlaLtHnntziXzDGavgnyw8MNsr4W8xQJSOn-0dGR0HM2ZTwzKwFexUd_pI/s220/IMG_7430_2.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-TY_w9sZiKMw7U4OSGYtOJLOF8fhWB6JKW6F8i71D0RymRWKCAjqeuege1zfb5csqMYa23fJGhhSkDRzrjGL_bbCDLmdxRL1jrGtYrVKqQBJxYYBWh4aQoQQuu65Q09w8h3k5ddu70PVkTosePBbP0IwDe7MWcVSzplM1_VVc8w58rRU3_knba9oR/s72-c/DR_museum2.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7987216743922559118.post-4592403013249975286</id><published>2022-04-14T13:28:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2022-04-14T13:34:37.749-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="life rights"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="opera"/><title type='text'>Opera Composer Seeks Rights to Deaf Poet&#39;s Life Story</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfhg6vRxTW39mpmeadvt1n6b6tqPl7oyxEdcHr78eaTPdYKEfv1g6-JoJ7pE63mQUfhBHthBe1vtw_rccD_vi5hNCax1Z8SYvlL64x-lB8j0QhdZGRn4yCRmdEur_AocDjaTBW1BiIb43oHAvm653QFZbRHQebPNqjNU9e1BjLNN55CJ9-yexfdHO4/s1234/DR_Dorothy-Miles.jpeg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;1234&quot; data-original-width=&quot;853&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfhg6vRxTW39mpmeadvt1n6b6tqPl7oyxEdcHr78eaTPdYKEfv1g6-JoJ7pE63mQUfhBHthBe1vtw_rccD_vi5hNCax1Z8SYvlL64x-lB8j0QhdZGRn4yCRmdEur_AocDjaTBW1BiIb43oHAvm653QFZbRHQebPNqjNU9e1BjLNN55CJ9-yexfdHO4/s320/DR_Dorothy-Miles.jpeg&quot; width=&quot;221&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Dear Rich: I am a composer looking to write an opera celebrating the life and work of British Sign Language poet, Dorothy Miles.
  81. I am struggling to find out how I may gain access to the rights to her
  82. life story, to compose a 20-minute work. Dorothy passed in 1993, and
  83. according to my preliminary research, she has no living descendants or
  84. relatives. Would you be able to advise me as to the best course of action in order to set aspects of her life story to music?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;div&gt;If you want to avoid lawyers and limit lawsuits, the best course of action is to base your opera on public records, existing news articles, and other public facts.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Facts are free. &lt;/b&gt;The facts of Dorothy&#39;s life&amp;nbsp;are free for all to use. This is true under U.S. and UK law. So, for example, you could dramatize the pertinent facts of Dorothy Miles&#39;s life - for example, how she was born with hearing but lost it after contracting meningitis,&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;or how she &lt;/span&gt;fell in love with American sign language, and later combined British sign language and poetry, or how she suffered from depression and bipolarity and that led to her death. This use of public facts often provides the springboard for life-story dramatizations, as in the Dorothy Miles documentary,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bslzone.co.uk/watch/dot#&quot;&gt;Dot.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Using Dorothy Miles&#39;s poetry and writings. &lt;/b&gt;If you want to use material taken from Dorothy Miles&#39;s books or poetry you will need to investigate its copyright status.&amp;nbsp;Under U.S. and UK law, permission is required from whoever acquired rights from Miles after her death, perhaps Miles&#39; niece, Liz Deverill, or perhaps the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bdhs.org.uk&quot;&gt;British Deaf History Society&lt;/a&gt;, the publisher of Miles&#39; works. We couldn&#39;t find any copyright claims for Dorothy Miles in the Library of Congress (USA) so you may need to investigate copyright status at&amp;nbsp;the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.gov.uk/topic/intellectual-property/copyright&quot;&gt;UK&#39;s Intellectual Property Office&lt;/a&gt;. The rights that you seek for Miles&#39;s writing can be narrowly or broadly defined, for example, rights limited to the live opera performance, or rights to also distribute and stream the opera. Similarly, you would need permission to use video clips of Miles, for example, if you plan to display those clips in conjunction with your opera.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Living people.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;If you plan to identify and portray living people you don&#39;t need their permission under U.S. law unless you are trying to prevent three types of legal claims: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/the-right-publicity.html&quot;&gt;right of publicity&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/defamation&quot;&gt;defamation&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.stimmel-law.com/en/articles/legal-right-privacy&quot;&gt;invasion of privacy&lt;/a&gt;. We don&#39;t imagine this will be an issue for you unless you are casting a living individual in a negative light or unearthing secret information about a private citizen. (We&#39;re not knowledgeable about British law but it&#39;s our understanding that the &lt;a href=&quot;https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&amp;amp;httpsredir=1&amp;amp;article=1368&amp;amp;context=elr&quot;&gt;UK has no right of publicity.&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Adopting source material&lt;/b&gt;. If you&#39;re adopting source material, for example working from a biography and taking more than facts, you&#39;ll need a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.finnegan.com/en/insights/articles/understanding-the-importance-of-derivative-works.html&quot;&gt;derivative rights&lt;/a&gt; agreement from the copyright owner. If you are using source material obtained directly from an individual portrayed in your opera, you may need either &lt;a href=&quot;https://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/releases/what/&quot;&gt;a release&lt;/a&gt;, a consulting agreement, or in some cases&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/life-story-rights-whats-whats-103334/&quot;&gt; life-story rights&lt;/a&gt;. The latter agreement &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.indiewire.com/2019/09/hustlers-life-rights-hollywood-legal-based-on-true-events-1202176296/&quot;&gt;prevents lawsuits&lt;/a&gt; over fictionalization and releases the producers from any claimed injuries resulting from how the character is depicted.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Hopefully, if you follow these suggestions, we&#39;ll soon see your opera &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Operas_based_on_real_people&quot;&gt;on this list.&lt;/a&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/feeds/4592403013249975286/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7987216743922559118&amp;postID=4592403013249975286&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/4592403013249975286'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/4592403013249975286'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/2022/04/opera-composer-seeks-rights-to-deaf.html' title='Opera Composer Seeks Rights to Deaf Poet&#39;s Life Story'/><author><name>Rich</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13641642423999006411</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0RbyGNWgFP4kxgfKWGLI1ipOfNbBH6HHsTwEvdoK5vsZZZ6Es1YFJpBbJftY6nGEDRaXSOIlaLtHnntziXzDGavgnyw8MNsr4W8xQJSOn-0dGR0HM2ZTwzKwFexUd_pI/s220/IMG_7430_2.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfhg6vRxTW39mpmeadvt1n6b6tqPl7oyxEdcHr78eaTPdYKEfv1g6-JoJ7pE63mQUfhBHthBe1vtw_rccD_vi5hNCax1Z8SYvlL64x-lB8j0QhdZGRn4yCRmdEur_AocDjaTBW1BiIb43oHAvm653QFZbRHQebPNqjNU9e1BjLNN55CJ9-yexfdHO4/s72-c/DR_Dorothy-Miles.jpeg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7987216743922559118.post-891029941917254165</id><published>2022-03-05T15:13:00.005-08:00</published><updated>2022-03-05T15:13:59.802-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="copyright"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="photography"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="statue"/><title type='text'>Reproducing a Photo of a Statue</title><content type='html'>&lt;b&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjdjUtjOhBigKUj2wLpXUgIh7kL5sN8WZVdqy8Yb7OYADYMtpYGr6FUcCXFbVm401iAdczLz7lAbBRefuDgfgfwhUC3DAoLG-kdLjaY8cQ3Rto6uDWvXVZz_BV_iF4CATcRgsvL7oBYox3KIiBk0yOXm7KnpLjzLs_R_e18ZDyOFKUE-2QaxJaktj_-=s800&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;800&quot; data-original-width=&quot;706&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjdjUtjOhBigKUj2wLpXUgIh7kL5sN8WZVdqy8Yb7OYADYMtpYGr6FUcCXFbVm401iAdczLz7lAbBRefuDgfgfwhUC3DAoLG-kdLjaY8cQ3Rto6uDWvXVZz_BV_iF4CATcRgsvL7oBYox3KIiBk0yOXm7KnpLjzLs_R_e18ZDyOFKUE-2QaxJaktj_-=s320&quot; width=&quot;282&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Dear Rich: As I understand copyright, if I visit a park and take a photo of a statute, I own the copyright to the photo and I can use it in a book. But if I open a magazine and take a photo of an illustration, I still own the copyright to the photo, but using it in a book would be a copyright violation. Why is it different?
  85. &lt;/b&gt;&lt;div&gt;Actually, they&#39;re not different. It&#39;s true you own the copyright in both photos but your copyright only extends to what you contributed, for example, the choice of subject matter, composition, lighting, etc. Your copyright does not extend to the statue, itself. If the statue and the image are protected by copyright, it would be a violation to reproduce them in your book (unless permitted under &lt;a href=&quot;https://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/fair-use/&quot;&gt;fair use&lt;/a&gt; principles). And, if you register your photos with the Copyright Office, you&#39;re&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ14.pdf&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;required to disclose&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(and exclude) those items in your application because they are not original to you.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Photos of a statue. &lt;/b&gt;In some countries, &lt;a href=&quot;http://cjam.info/en/copyright-and-taking-pictures-of-sculptures-2/&quot;&gt;for example, Canada&lt;/a&gt;, art that is permanently situated in a public place or building can be photographed and reproduced without permission. Not so, in the U.S. where unauthorized reproduction of a photo of a public statue can be costly -- as the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lasvegassun.com/news/2018/jul/04/usps-owes-35-million-in-royalties-for-using-the-wr/&quot;&gt;U.S. Postal Service learned&lt;/a&gt;. (The USPS mistakenly&amp;nbsp;used a photo of a Las Vegas imitation of the Statue of Liberty -- one with &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.artsy.net/news/artsy-editorial-usps-owes-35-million-artist-las-vegass-statue-liberty-printing-work-10-billion-stamps.&quot;&gt;a more contemporary, fresher face than the original&lt;/a&gt;&quot; -- and the sculptor of the Vegas statue sued and recovered $3.5 million.) The reverse principle -- it is a violation of copyright law to create a sculpture of a photograph -- has also been &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-jeff-koons-8-puppies-lawsuit-changed-artists-copy&quot;&gt;followed by the courts&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;In the real world. &lt;/b&gt;Few photographers of publicly-viewable statues need to worry about copyright lawsuits. The incidental appearance of a statue, for example, in a travel photo, a news photo, or an educational lesson is not likely to trigger a dispute and if it did, the reproduction would probably qualify as fair use. In addition, many statues are in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://guides.library.cornell.edu/copyright/publicdomain&quot;&gt;public domain&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;and do not require permission (&lt;a href=&quot;https://news.artnet.com/art-world/do-3-d-prints-of-old-master-sculptures-violate-copyright-law-235461&quot;&gt;despite what some owners believe&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/feeds/891029941917254165/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7987216743922559118&amp;postID=891029941917254165&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/891029941917254165'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7987216743922559118/posts/default/891029941917254165'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/2022/03/reproducing-photo-of-statue.html' title='Reproducing a Photo of a Statue'/><author><name>Rich</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13641642423999006411</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0RbyGNWgFP4kxgfKWGLI1ipOfNbBH6HHsTwEvdoK5vsZZZ6Es1YFJpBbJftY6nGEDRaXSOIlaLtHnntziXzDGavgnyw8MNsr4W8xQJSOn-0dGR0HM2ZTwzKwFexUd_pI/s220/IMG_7430_2.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjdjUtjOhBigKUj2wLpXUgIh7kL5sN8WZVdqy8Yb7OYADYMtpYGr6FUcCXFbVm401iAdczLz7lAbBRefuDgfgfwhUC3DAoLG-kdLjaY8cQ3Rto6uDWvXVZz_BV_iF4CATcRgsvL7oBYox3KIiBk0yOXm7KnpLjzLs_R_e18ZDyOFKUE-2QaxJaktj_-=s72-c" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>

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