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87. <p class="label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0">2 min read</p>
88. <h1 class="display-48 margin-bottom-2">Curiosity Blog, Sols 4586-4587: Straight Drive, Strategic Science</h1>
89. </div>
90. </div>
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95. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04583_opgs_edr_ncam_NRB_804348855EDR_S1170492NCAM00594M_.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=512&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1024" height="512" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04583_opgs_edr_ncam_NRB_804348855EDR_S1170492NCAM00594M_.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=512&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A grayscale photo of a Martian landscape shows very rough, rocky, and cracked terrain extending from the foreground to a horizon line in the distance, across the middle of the frame. From the midpoint of that horizon line, a layered hill rises toward the upper right side of the image. In the far distance, a hazy stretch of dunes and hills is visible. And a cylindrical portion of the rover is visible in the foreground, extending up from the bottom edge of the frame." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="eager" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04583_opgs_edr_ncam_NRB_804348855EDR_S1170492NCAM00594M_.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=512&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04583_opgs_edr_ncam_NRB_804348855EDR_S1170492NCAM00594M_.jpg?w=300&#038;h=150&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04583_opgs_edr_ncam_NRB_804348855EDR_S1170492NCAM00594M_.jpg?w=768&#038;h=384&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04583_opgs_edr_ncam_NRB_804348855EDR_S1170492NCAM00594M_.jpg?w=400&#038;h=200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04583_opgs_edr_ncam_NRB_804348855EDR_S1170492NCAM00594M_.jpg?w=600&#038;h=300&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04583_opgs_edr_ncam_NRB_804348855EDR_S1170492NCAM00594M_.jpg?w=900&#038;h=450&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
96. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">NASA’s Mars rover Curiosity acquired this image using its Right Navigation Camera on June 28, 2025 — Sol 4583, or Martian day 4,583 of the Mars Science Laboratory mission — at 03:20:22 UTC.</div>
97. <div class="hds-credits">NASA/JPL-Caltech</div>
98. </figcaption></div>
99. </div>
100. </div>
101. <p>Written by Scott VanBommel, Planetary Scientist at Washington University in St. Louis</p>
102. <p>Earth planning date: Monday, June 30, 2025</p>
103. <p>Our <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/blog/curiosity-blog-sols-4584-4585-just-a-small-bump/" rel="noopener">weekend drive</a> placed Curiosity exactly where we had hoped: on lighter-toned, resistant bedrock we have been eyeing for close study. Curiosity’s workspace tosol did not contain any targets suitable for DRT. After a detailed discussion by the team, weighing science not only in tosol’s plan but the holiday-shifted sols ahead, the decision was made to perform contact science at the current workspace and then drive in the second sol of the plan. </p>
104. <p>Normally, drives in the second sol of a two-sol plan are uncommon, as we require information on the ground to assess in advance of the next sol’s planning. At present however, the current “Mars time” is quite favorable, enabling Curiosity’s team to operate within “<a href="https://science.nasa.gov/blog/sols-4450-4451-making-the-most-of-a-monday/" rel="noopener">nominal sols</a>” and receive the necessary data in time for Wednesday’s one-sol plan. DAN kicked off the first sol of the plan with a passive measurement, complemented by another in the afternoon and two more on the second sol. Arm activities focused on placing MAHLI and APXS on “La Paz” and “Playa Agua de Luna,” two lighter-toned, laminated rocks.</p>
105. <p>The rest of the first sol was rounded out with ChemCam LIBS analyses on “La Joya” followed by further LIBS analyses on “La Vega” on the second sol, once Curiosity’s arm was out of the way of the laser. ChemCam and Mastcam additionally imaged “Mishe Mokwa” prior to the nearly straight drive of about 20 meters (about 66 feet). Environmental monitoring activities, imaging of the <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/blog/sols-3825-3826-another-beautiful-hole-on-mars/" rel="noopener">CheMin inlet cover</a>, and a <a href="https://urldefense.us/v3/__https://science.nasa.gov/blog/sols-3848-3850-boulder-meet-wheel/__;!!PvBDto6Hs4WbVuu7!O_KgxwayE1kX4JByOtG24H1gXvOp7VxqORD0q_ROagm0H4zcT1V0xbDB3gDo1n35Jk3Io9it_h8fTwmK4VxuuSRIBYruAw$" rel="noopener">SAM</a><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/blog/sols-3848-3850-boulder-meet-wheel/" rel="noopener"> </a><a href="https://urldefense.us/v3/__https://science.nasa.gov/blog/sols-3848-3850-boulder-meet-wheel/__;!!PvBDto6Hs4WbVuu7!O_KgxwayE1kX4JByOtG24H1gXvOp7VxqORD0q_ROagm0H4zcT1V0xbDB3gDo1n35Jk3Io9it_h8fTwmK4VxuuSRIBYruAw$" rel="noopener">EBT activity</a> rounded out Curiosity’s efforts on the second sol.</p>
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107. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/msl-curiosity/science-updates/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md link-external-false" aria-label="For more Curiosity blog posts, visit MSL Mission Updates" rel="noopener"><br />
108. <span class="line-height-alt-1">For more Curiosity blog posts, visit MSL Mission Updates</span><br />
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230. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1584" height="1184" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_msss_04578_mhli_4578MH0001630001604257R00_DXXX.jpg?w=1584&#038;h=1184&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_msss_04578_mhli_4578MH0001630001604257R00_DXXX.jpg?w=1584&#038;h=1184&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1584w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_msss_04578_mhli_4578MH0001630001604257R00_DXXX.jpg?w=300&#038;h=224&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_msss_04578_mhli_4578MH0001630001604257R00_DXXX.jpg?w=768&#038;h=574&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_msss_04578_mhli_4578MH0001630001604257R00_DXXX.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=765&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_msss_04578_mhli_4578MH0001630001604257R00_DXXX.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=1148&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_msss_04578_mhli_4578MH0001630001604257R00_DXXX.jpg?w=400&#038;h=299&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_msss_04578_mhli_4578MH0001630001604257R00_DXXX.jpg?w=600&#038;h=448&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_msss_04578_mhli_4578MH0001630001604257R00_DXXX.jpg?w=900&#038;h=673&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_msss_04578_mhli_4578MH0001630001604257R00_DXXX.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=897&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1584px) 100vw, 1584px" /></figure>
231. </p></div>
232. </p></div>
233. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
234. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">4 min read</div>
235. <div class="margin-bottom-1">
236. <h3 class="related-article-title">Curiosity Blog, Sols 4582-4583: A Rock and a Sand Patch</h3>
237. </div>
238. <div class="display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60">
239. <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"><br />
240. <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"/><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"/></g></g></svg><br />
241. <span>Article</span><br />
242. </span><br />
243. <span class=""><br />
244. 3 days ago </span>
245. </div>
246. </p></div>
247. <p> </a>
248. </div>
249. </p></div>
250. </section></div>
251. <div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards">
252. <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0">
253. <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3">
254. <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
255. <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div>
256. <h2 class="heading-36 line-height-sm">Discover More Topics From NASA</h2>
257. </p></div>
258. </p></div>
259. <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper">
260. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mars/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
261. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
262. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
263. <div>
264. <h3 class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
265. <span>Mars</span><br />
266. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
267. </h3>
268. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun, and the seventh largest. It’s the only planet we know of inhabited…</p>
269. </p></div>
270. </p></div>
271. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1536" height="864" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp 1920w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=300,169 300w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=768,432 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=1024,576 1024w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=400,225 400w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=600,338 600w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=900,506 900w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=1200,675 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure>
272. </p></div>
273. <p> </a><br />
274. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mars/resources/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
275. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
276. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
277. <div>
278. <h3 class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
279. <span>All Mars Resources</span><br />
280. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
281. </h3>
282. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">Explore this collection of Mars images, videos, resources, PDFs, and toolkits. Discover valuable content designed to inform, educate, and inspire,…</p>
283. </p></div>
284. </p></div>
285. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1200" height="792" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/mars/resources/detail_files/2/5/25757_1-PIA24543-Curiositys-Selfie-at-Mont-Mercou-main-web.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=792&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" /></figure>
286. </p></div>
287. <p> </a><br />
288. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/planetary-science/programs/mars-exploration/rover-basics/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
289. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
290. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
291. <div>
292. <h3 class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
293. <span>Rover Basics</span><br />
294. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
295. </h3>
296. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">Each robotic explorer sent to the Red Planet has its own unique capabilities driven by science. Many attributes of a…</p>
297. </p></div>
298. </p></div>
299. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1197" height="1499" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?w=1197" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png 1197w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=240,300 240w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=768,962 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=818,1024 818w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=319,400 319w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=479,600 479w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=719,900 719w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=958,1200 958w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1197px) 100vw, 1197px" /></figure>
300. </p></div>
301. <p> </a><br />
302. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/planetary-science/programs/mars-exploration/science-goals/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
303. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
304. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
305. <div>
306. <h3 class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
307. <span>Mars Exploration: Science Goals</span><br />
308. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
309. </h3>
310. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">The key to understanding the past, present or future potential for life on Mars can be found in NASA’s four…</p>
311. </p></div>
312. </p></div>
313. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1600" height="900" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=1600&#038;h=900&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=1600&#038;h=900&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=1024&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=1536&#038;h=864&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=600&#038;h=338&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=1200&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px" /></figure>
314. </p></div>
315. <p> </a>
316. </div>
317. </p></div>
318. </p></div>
319. ]]></content:encoded>
323. </item>
324. <item>
325. <title>An Update From the 2025 Mars 2020 Science Team Meeting</title>
326. <link>https://science.nasa.gov/blog/an-update-from-the-2025-mars-2020-science-team-meeting/</link>
328. <dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
329. <pubDate>Wed, 02 Jul 2025 00:34:53 +0000</pubDate>
330. <category><![CDATA[Blogs]]></category>
331. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://science.nasa.gov/blog/an-update-from-the-2025-mars-2020-science-team-meeting/</guid>
332.  
333. <description><![CDATA[A behind-the-scenes look at the annual Mars 2020 Science Team Meeting Written by Katie Stack Morgan, Mars 2020 Acting Project Scientist  The Mars 2020 Science Team gathered for a week in June to discuss recent science results, synthesize earlier mission observations, and discuss future plans for continued exploration of Jezero’s crater rim. It was also […]]]></description>
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392. <p class="label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0">3 min read</p>
393. <h1 class="display-48 margin-bottom-2">An Update From the 2025 Mars 2020 Science Team Meeting</h1>
394. </div>
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396. </div>
397. <p>A behind-the-scenes look at the annual Mars 2020 Science Team Meeting</p>
398. <div style="height:21px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
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402. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/mars2020/2025/perseverance-rover-updates/june-2025/Gardnos_Crater_M2020.jpg?w=2856&#038;h=2142&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="2856" height="2142" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/mars2020/2025/perseverance-rover-updates/june-2025/Gardnos_Crater_M2020.jpg?w=2856&#038;h=2142&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Four people explore a rock formation in daylight; the rocks range from gray to rust colored, with numerous small rocks covering the ground while larger, sharper-edged rocks rise from the ground behind the people. Three people are examining the rocks around them, one – second from the left — is standing, talking, and pointing to image right, while holding a graphical image of the crater they’re exploring. A forest is visible in the background." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="eager" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/mars2020/2025/perseverance-rover-updates/june-2025/Gardnos_Crater_M2020.jpg?w=2856&#038;h=2142&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2856w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/mars2020/2025/perseverance-rover-updates/june-2025/Gardnos_Crater_M2020.jpg?w=300&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/mars2020/2025/perseverance-rover-updates/june-2025/Gardnos_Crater_M2020.jpg?w=768&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/mars2020/2025/perseverance-rover-updates/june-2025/Gardnos_Crater_M2020.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=768&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/mars2020/2025/perseverance-rover-updates/june-2025/Gardnos_Crater_M2020.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=1152&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/mars2020/2025/perseverance-rover-updates/june-2025/Gardnos_Crater_M2020.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=1536&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/mars2020/2025/perseverance-rover-updates/june-2025/Gardnos_Crater_M2020.jpg?w=400&#038;h=300&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/mars2020/2025/perseverance-rover-updates/june-2025/Gardnos_Crater_M2020.jpg?w=600&#038;h=450&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/mars2020/2025/perseverance-rover-updates/june-2025/Gardnos_Crater_M2020.jpg?w=900&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/mars2020/2025/perseverance-rover-updates/june-2025/Gardnos_Crater_M2020.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=900&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/mars2020/2025/perseverance-rover-updates/june-2025/Gardnos_Crater_M2020.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=1500&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2856px) 100vw, 2856px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
403. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Members of the Mars 2020 Science Team examine post-impact sediments within the Gardnos impact structure, northwest of Oslo, Norway, as part of the June 2025 Science Team Meeting.</div>
404. <div class="hds-credits">NASA/Katie Stack Morgan</div>
405. </figcaption></div>
406. </div>
407. </div>
408. <p>Written by Katie Stack Morgan, Mars 2020 Acting Project Scientist </p>
409. <div style="height:21px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
410. <p>The Mars 2020 Science Team gathered for a week in June to discuss recent science results, synthesize earlier mission observations, and discuss future plans for continued exploration of Jezero’s crater rim. It was also an opportunity to celebrate what makes this mission so special: one of the most capable and sophisticated science missions ever sent to Mars, an experienced and expert Science Team, and the rover’s many science accomplishments this past year.  </p>
411. <p>We kicked off the meeting, which was hosted by our colleagues on the RIMFAX team at the University of Oslo, with a focus on our most recent discoveries on the Jezero crater rim. A highlight was the team’s in-depth discussion of<a href="https://science.nasa.gov/blog/shocking-spherules/" rel="noopener"> spherules observed at Witch Hazel Hill</a>, features which likely provide us the best chance of determining the origin of the crater rim rock sequence.   </p>
412. <p>On the second day, we heard status updates from each of the science instrument teams. We then transitioned to a session devoted to “traverse-scale” syntheses. After 4.5 years of Perseverance on Mars and more than 37 kilometers of driving (more than 23 miles), we’re now able to analyze and integrate science datasets across the entire surface mission, looking for trends through space and time within the Jezero rock record. Our team also held a poster session, which was a great opportunity for in-person and informal scientific discussion.  </p>
413. <p>The team’s modern atmospheric and environmental investigations were front and center on Day 3. We then rewound the clock, hearing new and updated analyses of data acquired during Perseverance’s earlier campaigns in Jezero’s Margin unit, crater floor, and western fan. The last day of the meeting was focused entirely on future plans for the Perseverance rover, including a discussion of our exploration and sampling strategy during the Crater Rim Campaign. We also looked further afield, considering where the rover might explore over the next few years.  </p>
414. <p>Following the meeting, the Science Team took a one-day field trip to visit Gardnos crater, a heavily eroded impact crater with excellent examples of impact melt breccia and post-impact sediment fill. The team’s visit to Gardnos offered a unique opportunity to see and study impact-generated rock units like those expected on the Jezero crater rim and to discuss the challenges we have recognizing similar units with the rover on Mars. Recapping our Perseverance team meetings has been one of my favorite yearly traditions (see summaries from our<a href="https://science.nasa.gov/blog/first-in-person-meeting-of-the-mars-2020-science-team-since-2019/" rel="noopener"> 2022</a>,<a href="https://science.nasa.gov/resource/perseverance-science-team-meeting-in-france/" rel="noopener"> 2023</a>, and<a href="https://science.nasa.gov/blog/behind-the-scenes-at-the-2024-mars-2020-science-team-meeting/" rel="noopener"> 2024</a> meetings) and I look forward to reporting back a year from now. As the Perseverance team tackles challenges in the year to come, we can seek inspiration from one of Norway’s greatest polar explorers, Fridtjof Nansen, who said while delivering his <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1922/nansen/facts/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Nobel</a> lecture, “The difficult is that which can be done at once; the impossible is that which takes a little longer.”</p>
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484. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="1024" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04582_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_804270170EDR_F1170492NCAM00353M_.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=1024&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04582_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_804270170EDR_F1170492NCAM00353M_.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=1024&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04582_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_804270170EDR_F1170492NCAM00353M_.jpg?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 150w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04582_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_804270170EDR_F1170492NCAM00353M_.jpg?w=300&#038;h=300&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04582_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_804270170EDR_F1170492NCAM00353M_.jpg?w=768&#038;h=768&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04582_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_804270170EDR_F1170492NCAM00353M_.jpg?w=50&#038;h=50&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 50w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04582_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_804270170EDR_F1170492NCAM00353M_.jpg?w=100&#038;h=100&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 100w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04582_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_804270170EDR_F1170492NCAM00353M_.jpg?w=200&#038;h=200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 200w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04582_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_804270170EDR_F1170492NCAM00353M_.jpg?w=400&#038;h=400&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04582_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_804270170EDR_F1170492NCAM00353M_.jpg?w=600&#038;h=600&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04582_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_804270170EDR_F1170492NCAM00353M_.jpg?w=900&#038;h=900&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
485. </p></div>
486. </p></div>
487. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
488. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">2 min read</div>
489. <div class="margin-bottom-1">
490. <h3 class="related-article-title">Curiosity Blog, Sols 4584–4585: Just a Small Bump</h3>
491. </div>
492. <div class="display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60">
493. <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"><br />
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495. <span>Article</span><br />
496. </span><br />
497. <span class=""><br />
498. 1 hour ago </span>
499. </div>
500. </p></div>
501. <p> </a>
502. </div>
503. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3">
504. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/blog/curiosity-blog-sols-4582-4583-a-rrock-and-a-sand-patch/" class="color-carbon-black" rel="noopener"></p>
505. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
506. <div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile">
507. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1584" height="1184" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_msss_04578_mhli_4578MH0001630001604257R00_DXXX.jpg?w=1584&#038;h=1184&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_msss_04578_mhli_4578MH0001630001604257R00_DXXX.jpg?w=1584&#038;h=1184&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1584w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_msss_04578_mhli_4578MH0001630001604257R00_DXXX.jpg?w=300&#038;h=224&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_msss_04578_mhli_4578MH0001630001604257R00_DXXX.jpg?w=768&#038;h=574&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_msss_04578_mhli_4578MH0001630001604257R00_DXXX.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=765&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_msss_04578_mhli_4578MH0001630001604257R00_DXXX.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=1148&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_msss_04578_mhli_4578MH0001630001604257R00_DXXX.jpg?w=400&#038;h=299&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_msss_04578_mhli_4578MH0001630001604257R00_DXXX.jpg?w=600&#038;h=448&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_msss_04578_mhli_4578MH0001630001604257R00_DXXX.jpg?w=900&#038;h=673&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_msss_04578_mhli_4578MH0001630001604257R00_DXXX.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=897&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1584px) 100vw, 1584px" /></figure>
508. </p></div>
509. </p></div>
510. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
511. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">4 min read</div>
512. <div class="margin-bottom-1">
513. <h3 class="related-article-title">Curiosity Blog, Sols 4582-4583: A Rock and a Sand Patch</h3>
514. </div>
515. <div class="display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60">
516. <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"><br />
517. <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"/><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"/></g></g></svg><br />
518. <span>Article</span><br />
519. </span><br />
520. <span class=""><br />
521. 3 days ago </span>
522. </div>
523. </p></div>
524. <p> </a>
525. </div>
526. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3">
527. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/blog/curiosity-blog-sols-4580-4581-something-in-the-air/" class="color-carbon-black" rel="noopener"></p>
528. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
529. <div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile">
530. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="512" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04578_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_803914367EDR_S1170168NCAM00278M_.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=512&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04578_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_803914367EDR_S1170168NCAM00278M_.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=512&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04578_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_803914367EDR_S1170168NCAM00278M_.jpg?w=300&#038;h=150&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04578_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_803914367EDR_S1170168NCAM00278M_.jpg?w=768&#038;h=384&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04578_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_803914367EDR_S1170168NCAM00278M_.jpg?w=400&#038;h=200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04578_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_803914367EDR_S1170168NCAM00278M_.jpg?w=600&#038;h=300&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/june/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04578_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_803914367EDR_S1170168NCAM00278M_.jpg?w=900&#038;h=450&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
531. </p></div>
532. </p></div>
533. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
534. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">2 min read</div>
535. <div class="margin-bottom-1">
536. <h3 class="related-article-title">Curiosity Blog, Sols 4580-4581: Something in the Air…</h3>
537. </div>
538. <div class="display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60">
539. <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"><br />
540. <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"/><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"/></g></g></svg><br />
541. <span>Article</span><br />
542. </span><br />
543. <span class=""><br />
544. 5 days ago </span>
545. </div>
546. </p></div>
547. <p> </a>
548. </div>
549. </p></div>
550. </section></div>
551. <div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards">
552. <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0">
553. <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3">
554. <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
555. <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div>
556. <h2 class="heading-36 line-height-sm">Discover More Topics From NASA</h2>
557. </p></div>
558. </p></div>
559. <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper">
560. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mars/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
561. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
562. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
563. <div>
564. <h3 class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
565. <span>Mars</span><br />
566. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
567. </h3>
568. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun, and the seventh largest. It’s the only planet we know of inhabited…</p>
569. </p></div>
570. </p></div>
571. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1536" height="864" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp 1920w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=300,169 300w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=768,432 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=1024,576 1024w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=400,225 400w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=600,338 600w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=900,506 900w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=1200,675 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure>
572. </p></div>
573. <p> </a><br />
574. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mars/resources/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
575. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
576. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
577. <div>
578. <h3 class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
579. <span>All Mars Resources</span><br />
580. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
581. </h3>
582. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">Explore this collection of Mars images, videos, resources, PDFs, and toolkits. Discover valuable content designed to inform, educate, and inspire,…</p>
583. </p></div>
584. </p></div>
585. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1200" height="792" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/mars/resources/detail_files/2/5/25757_1-PIA24543-Curiositys-Selfie-at-Mont-Mercou-main-web.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=792&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" /></figure>
586. </p></div>
587. <p> </a><br />
588. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/planetary-science/programs/mars-exploration/rover-basics/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
589. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
590. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
591. <div>
592. <h3 class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
593. <span>Rover Basics</span><br />
594. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
595. </h3>
596. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">Each robotic explorer sent to the Red Planet has its own unique capabilities driven by science. Many attributes of a…</p>
597. </p></div>
598. </p></div>
599. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1197" height="1499" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?w=1197" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png 1197w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=240,300 240w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=768,962 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=818,1024 818w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=319,400 319w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=479,600 479w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=719,900 719w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=958,1200 958w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1197px) 100vw, 1197px" /></figure>
600. </p></div>
601. <p> </a><br />
602. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/planetary-science/programs/mars-exploration/science-goals/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
603. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
604. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
605. <div>
606. <h3 class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
607. <span>Mars Exploration: Science Goals</span><br />
608. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
609. </h3>
610. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">The key to understanding the past, present or future potential for life on Mars can be found in NASA’s four…</p>
611. </p></div>
612. </p></div>
613. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1600" height="900" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=1600&#038;h=900&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=1600&#038;h=900&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=1024&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=1536&#038;h=864&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=600&#038;h=338&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=1200&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px" /></figure>
614. </p></div>
615. <p> </a>
616. </div>
617. </p></div>
618. </p></div>
619. ]]></content:encoded>
623. </item>
624. <item>
625. <title>NASA Missions Help Explain, Predict Severity of Solar Storms</title>
626. <link>https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/heliophysics/nasa-missions-help-explain-predict-severity-of-solar-storms/</link>
628. <dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
629. <pubDate>Tue, 01 Jul 2025 19:32:42 +0000</pubDate>
630. <category><![CDATA[Goddard Space Flight Center]]></category>
631. <category><![CDATA[GOLD (Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk)]]></category>
632. <category><![CDATA[Heliophysics]]></category>
633. <category><![CDATA[Heliophysics Division]]></category>
634. <category><![CDATA[SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory)]]></category>
635. <category><![CDATA[Space Weather]]></category>
636. <category><![CDATA[STEREO (Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory)]]></category>
637. <category><![CDATA[The Sun]]></category>
638. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/heliophysics/nasa-missions-help-explain-predict-severity-of-solar-storms/</guid>
639.  
640. <description><![CDATA[An unexpectedly strong solar storm rocked our planet on April 23, 2023, sparking auroras as far south as southern Texas in the U.S. and taking the world by surprise.  Two days earlier, the Sun blasted a coronal mass ejection (CME) — a cloud of energetic particles, magnetic fields, and solar material — toward Earth. Space scientists […]]]></description>
641. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>An unexpectedly strong solar storm rocked our planet on April 23, 2023, sparking auroras as far south as southern Texas in the U.S. and taking the world by surprise. </p>
642. <p>Two days earlier, the Sun blasted a coronal mass ejection (CME) — a cloud of energetic particles, magnetic fields, and solar material — toward Earth. Space scientists took notice, expecting it could cause disruptions to Earth’s magnetic field, known as a geomagnetic storm. But the CME wasn’t especially fast or massive, and it was preceded by a relatively weak solar flare, suggesting the storm would be minor. But it became severe.</p>
643. <p>Using <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/heliophysics/" rel="noopener">NASA heliophysics</a> missions, new studies of this storm and others are helping scientists learn why some CMEs have more intense effects — and better predict the impacts of future solar eruptions on our lives.</p>
644. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
645. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
646. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
647. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/hpd/space-weather/Aurora%20from%20Larimore%20North%20Dakota%204-24-23_courtesy%20Elan%20Azriel.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=1153&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="2048" height="1153" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/hpd/space-weather/Aurora%20from%20Larimore%20North%20Dakota%204-24-23_courtesy%20Elan%20Azriel.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=1153&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Curtains of green aurora shimmer against a dark blue night sky above a flat, snowy landscape. A small, dark road stretches away from the photographer toward the horizon. Leafless trees stand along the left side of the road and in the distance on the right. A band of white clouds separates the horizon from the green aurora above." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="eager" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
648. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">During the night of April 23 to 24, 2023, a geomagnetic storm produced auroras that were witnessed as far south as Arizona, Arkansas, and Texas in the U.S. This photo shows green aurora shimmering over Larimore, North Dakota, in the early morning of April 24.</div>
649. <div class="hds-credits">Copyright Elan Azriel, used with permission</div>
650. </figcaption></div>
651. </div>
652. </div>
653. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Why Was This Storm So Intense?</strong></h3>
654. <p>A <a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/adb8d3" rel="noopener">paper</a> published in the Astrophysical Journal on March 31 suggests the CME’s orientation relative to Earth likely caused the April 2023 storm to become surprisingly strong.</p>
655. <p>The researchers gathered observations from five heliophysics spacecraft across the inner solar system to study the CME in detail as it emerged from the Sun and traveled to Earth.</p>
656. <p>They noticed a large coronal hole near the CME’s birthplace. Coronal holes are areas where the <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/sun/what-is-the-solar-wind/" rel="noopener">solar wind</a> — a stream of particles flowing from the Sun — floods outward at higher than normal speeds.</p>
657. <p>“The fast solar wind coming from this coronal hole acted like an air current, nudging the CME away from its original straight-line path and pushing it closer to Earth’s orbital plane,” said the paper’s lead author, Evangelos Paouris of the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland. “In addition to this deflection, the CME also rotated slightly.”</p>
658. <p>Paouris says this turned the CME’s magnetic fields opposite to Earth’s magnetic field and held them there — allowing more of the Sun’s energy to pour into Earth’s environment and intensifying the storm.</p>
659. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
660. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
661. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
662. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/sdo/SDO_AIA_20230421_183705_2048_0193.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=2048&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="2048" height="2048" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/sdo/SDO_AIA_20230421_183705_2048_0193.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=2048&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="The Sun appears in shades of gold with some brighter and darker regions, set against a black background. In the lower right part of the Sun is a bright flash of white, a solar flare." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/sdo/SDO_AIA_20230421_183705_2048_0193.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=2048&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/sdo/SDO_AIA_20230421_183705_2048_0193.jpg?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 150w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/sdo/SDO_AIA_20230421_183705_2048_0193.jpg?w=300&#038;h=300&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/sdo/SDO_AIA_20230421_183705_2048_0193.jpg?w=768&#038;h=768&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/sdo/SDO_AIA_20230421_183705_2048_0193.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=1024&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/sdo/SDO_AIA_20230421_183705_2048_0193.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=1536&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/sdo/SDO_AIA_20230421_183705_2048_0193.jpg?w=50&#038;h=50&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 50w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/sdo/SDO_AIA_20230421_183705_2048_0193.jpg?w=100&#038;h=100&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 100w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/sdo/SDO_AIA_20230421_183705_2048_0193.jpg?w=200&#038;h=200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 200w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/sdo/SDO_AIA_20230421_183705_2048_0193.jpg?w=400&#038;h=400&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/sdo/SDO_AIA_20230421_183705_2048_0193.jpg?w=600&#038;h=600&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/sdo/SDO_AIA_20230421_183705_2048_0193.jpg?w=900&#038;h=900&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/sdo/SDO_AIA_20230421_183705_2048_0193.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=1200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/sdo/SDO_AIA_20230421_183705_2048_0193.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=2000&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
663. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">The strength of the April 2023 geomagnetic storm was a surprise in part because the coronal mass ejection (CME) that produced it followed a relatively weak solar flare, seen as the bright area to the lower right of center in this extreme ultraviolet image of the Sun from NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory. The CMEs that produce severe geomagnetic storms are typically preceded by stronger flares. However, a team of scientists think fast solar wind from a coronal hole (the dark area below the flare in this image) helped rotate the CME and made it more potent when it struck Earth.</div>
664. <div class="hds-credits">NASA/SDO</div>
665. </figcaption></div>
666. </div>
667. </div>
668. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Cool Thermosphere</strong></h3>
669. <p>Meanwhile, NASA’s <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/gold/" rel="noopener">GOLD</a> (Global-scale Observations of Limb and Disk) mission revealed another unexpected consequence of the April 2023 storm at Earth.</p>
670. <p>Before, during, and after the storm, GOLD studied the temperature in the middle thermosphere, a part of Earth’s upper atmosphere about 85 to 120 miles overhead. During the storm, temperatures increased throughout GOLD’s wide field of view over the Americas. But surprisingly, after the storm, temperatures dropped about 90 to 198 degrees Fahrenheit lower than they were before the storm (from about 980 to 1,070 degrees Fahrenheit before the storm to 870 to 980 degrees Fahrenheit afterward).</p>
671. <p>“Our measurement is the first to show widespread cooling in the middle thermosphere after a strong storm,” said Xuguang Cai of the University of Colorado, Boulder, lead author of a <a href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2025JA033912" rel="noopener">paper</a> about GOLD’s observations published in the journal JGR Space Physics on April 15, 2025.</p>
672. <p>The thermosphere’s temperature is important, because it affects how much drag Earth-orbiting satellites and space debris experience.</p>
673. <p>“When the thermosphere cools, it contracts and becomes less dense at satellite altitudes, reducing drag,” Cai said. “This can cause satellites and space debris to stay in orbit longer than expected, increasing the risk of collisions. Understanding how geomagnetic storms and solar activity affect Earth’s upper atmosphere helps protect technologies we all rely on — like GPS, satellites, and radio communications.”</p>
674. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
675. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
676. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
677. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/gold/GOLD%20Temperature%20Difference%2014%20115-107.jpeg?w=1920&#038;h=927&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="1920" height="927" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/gold/GOLD%20Temperature%20Difference%2014%20115-107.jpeg?w=1920&#038;h=927&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A rectangular map shows most of the western hemisphere of Earth, with the continents of North America and South America outlined on the left and the continents of Europe and Africa outlined on the right. Overlaid on the center of the map, covering much of the Atlantic Ocean and parts of the continents, is a blue oval with darker and lighter patches. On the right is a scale bar representing temperatures from -100 Kelvin at the bottom mapped to dark blue, -50 Kelvin to lighter blue, 0 Kelvin to white, 50 Kelvin to light red, and 100 Kelvin to dark red." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
678. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Before, during, and after the severe geomagnetic storm in April 2023, NASA’s GOLD (Global-scale Observations of Limb and Disk) spacecraft measured the temperature in Earth’s middle thermosphere across a wide area, something other spacecraft cannot do. This map shows the difference in temperature between April 17 (DOY 107) and April 25 (DOY 115), with red indicating warmer temperatures and blue showing cooler. It reveals that the middle thermosphere was cooler on April 25, the day after the geomagnetic storm ended, than it was on April 17, before the storm began.</div>
679. <div class="hds-credits">Xuguang Cai (University of Colorado, Boulder)</div>
680. </figcaption></div>
681. </div>
682. </div>
683. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Predicting When Storms Strike</strong></h3>
684. <p>To predict when a CME will trigger a geomagnetic storm, or be “geoeffective,” some scientists are combining observations with machine learning. A <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11207-024-02385-w" rel="noopener">paper</a> published last November in the journal Solar Physics describes one such approach called GeoCME.</p>
685. <p>Machine learning is a type of artificial intelligence in which a computer algorithm learns from data to identify patterns, then uses those patterns to make decisions or predictions.</p>
686. <p>Scientists trained GeoCME by giving it images from the NASA/ESA (European Space Agency) <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/soho/" rel="noopener">SOHO</a> (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory) spacecraft of different CMEs that reached Earth along with SOHO images of the Sun before, during, and after each CME. They then told the model whether each CME produced a geomagnetic storm.</p>
687. <p>Then, when it was given images from three different science instruments on SOHO, the model’s predictions were highly accurate. Out of 21 geoeffective CMEs, the model correctly predicted all 21 of them; of 7 non-geoeffective ones, it correctly predicted 5 of them.</p>
688. <p>“The algorithm shows promise,” said heliophysicist Jack Ireland of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, who was not involved in the study. “Understanding if a CME will be geoeffective or not can help us protect infrastructure in space and technological systems on Earth. This paper shows machine learning approaches to predicting geoeffective CMEs are feasible.”</p>
689. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
690. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
691. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
692. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/content/dam/science/missions/soho/SOHO_C3_2023-04-21_cme.gif?w=512&#038;h=512&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="512" height="512" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/content/dam/science/missions/soho/SOHO_C3_2023-04-21_cme.gif?w=512&#038;h=512&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A circular, blue-colored view shows stars around the Sun, which is covered by a dark blue disk at the center. A small white circle in the center of the disk shows the size of the Sun. Streams of material extend away from the disk, and then a white halo of material erupts and moves away from the disk in all directions. A bright dot appears on the right." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
693. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">The white cloud expanding outward in this image sequence is a coronal mass ejection (CME) that erupted from the Sun on April 21, 2023. Two days later, the CME struck Earth and produced a surprisingly strong geomagnetic storm. The images in this sequence are from a coronagraph on the NASA/ESA (European Space Agency) SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory) spacecraft. The coronagraph uses a disk to cover the Sun and reveal fainter details around it. The Sun’s location and size are indicated by a small white circle. The planet Jupiter appears as a bright dot on the far right.</div>
694. <div class="hds-credits">NASA/ESA/SOHO</div>
695. </figcaption></div>
696. </div>
697. </div>
698. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Earlier Warnings</strong></h3>
699. <p>During a severe geomagnetic storm in May 2024 — <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/heliophysics/how-nasa-tracked-the-most-intense-solar-storm-in-decades/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">the strongest to rattle Earth in over 20 years</a> — NASA’s <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/stereo/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">STEREO</a> (Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory) measured the magnetic field structure of CMEs as they passed by.</p>
700. <p>When a CME headed for Earth hits a spacecraft first, that spacecraft can often measure the CME and its magnetic field directly, helping scientists determine how strong the geomagnetic storm will be at Earth. Typically, the first spacecraft to get hit are one million miles from Earth toward the Sun at a place called Lagrange Point 1 (L1), giving us only 10 to 60 minutes advanced warning.</p>
701. <p>By chance, during the May 2024 storm, when several CMEs erupted from the Sun and merged on their way to Earth, NASA’s STEREO-A spacecraft happened to be between us and the Sun, about 4 million miles closer to the Sun than L1.</p>
702. <p>A <a href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2024SW004260" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">paper</a> published March 17, 2025, in the journal Space Weather reports that if STEREO-A had served as a CME sentinel, it could have provided an accurate prediction of the resulting storm’s strength 2 hours and 34 minutes earlier than a spacecraft could at L1.</p>
703. <p>According to the paper’s lead author, Eva Weiler of the Austrian Space Weather Office in Graz, “No other Earth-directed superstorm has ever been observed by a spacecraft positioned closer to the Sun than L1.”</p>
704. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
705. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
706. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
707. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/hpd/05-lagrange-points-715x574.png?w=715&#038;h=574&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="715" height="574" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/hpd/05-lagrange-points-715x574.png?w=715&#038;h=574&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A graphic shows the Sun at the center with Earth's orbit drawn as a blue circle around it. Earth appears along the orbit to the right of the Sun, at the 3 o'clock position on the circle. L1 is marked as a white dot to the left of Earth along a horizontal dashed line that extends from the left side of the circle through the Sun and beyond Earth and the right side of the circle. L2 is marked as a white dot to the right of Earth at the right end of the dashed line. L3 is marked with a white dot on the left side of the circle, to the left of the Sun, at the left end of the dashed line. L4 is marked with a white dot near the top of the circle, at about the 1 o'clock position. L5 is marked with a white dot along the lower right part of the circle, near the 5 o'clock position." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/hpd/05-lagrange-points-715x574.png?w=715&#038;h=574&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 715w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/hpd/05-lagrange-points-715x574.png?w=300&#038;h=241&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/hpd/05-lagrange-points-715x574.png?w=400&#038;h=321&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/hpd/05-lagrange-points-715x574.png?w=600&#038;h=482&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 715px) 100vw, 715px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
708. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Earth’s Lagrange points are places in space where the gravitational pull between the Sun and Earth balance, making them relatively stable locations to put spacecraft.</div>
709. <div class="hds-credits">NASA</div>
710. </figcaption></div>
711. </div>
712. </div>
713. <p><strong><em>By <a href="mailto:vanessa.j.thomas@nasa.gov">Vanessa Thomas</a></em><br /><em>NASA’s <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard/" rel="noopener">Goddard Space Flight Center</a>, Greenbelt, Md.</em></strong></p>
714. ]]></content:encoded>
718. </item>
719. <item>
720. <title>Pódcast en español de la NASA estrena su tercera temporada</title>
721. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/es/podcast-en-espanol-de-la-nasa-estrena-su-tercera-temporada/</link>
723. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Jessica Taveau]]></dc:creator>
724. <pubDate>Tue, 01 Jul 2025 19:19:06 +0000</pubDate>
725. <category><![CDATA[NASA en español]]></category>
726. <category><![CDATA[Podcasts]]></category>
727. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?p=883602</guid>
728.  
729. <description><![CDATA[Read this release in English here. La NASA estrenó el martes el primer episodio de la tercera temporada de Universo curioso de la NASA, el único pódcast en español de la agencia. Los episodios se centran en algunas de las principales misiones y temas de investigación de la NASA para 2025, llevando la maravilla de [&#8230;]]]></description>
730. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/uc-s03-working-file-horizontal-v02-2.png"><img decoding="async" width="1920" height="1080" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/uc-s03-working-file-horizontal-v02-2.png?w=1920" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/uc-s03-working-file-horizontal-v02-2.png 1920w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/uc-s03-working-file-horizontal-v02-2.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/uc-s03-working-file-horizontal-v02-2.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/uc-s03-working-file-horizontal-v02-2.png?resize=1024,576 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/uc-s03-working-file-horizontal-v02-2.png?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/uc-s03-working-file-horizontal-v02-2.png?resize=400,225 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/uc-s03-working-file-horizontal-v02-2.png?resize=600,338 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/uc-s03-working-file-horizontal-v02-2.png?resize=900,506 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/uc-s03-working-file-horizontal-v02-2.png?resize=1200,675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" loading="eager" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-credits">Credit: NASA/Krystofer Kim</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
731.  
732.  
733. <p><em>Read this release in English <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/audio/podcasts/nasas-spanish-language-podcast-debuts-third-season/">here</a>.</em></p>
734.  
735.  
736.  
737. <p>La NASA estrenó el martes el primer episodio de la tercera temporada de Universo curioso de la NASA, el único pódcast en español de la agencia.</p>
738.  
739.  
740.  
741. <p>Los episodios se centran en algunas de las principales misiones y temas de investigación de la NASA para 2025, llevando la maravilla de la exploración, la tecnología espacial y los descubrimientos científicos al público de habla hispana de todo el mundo.</p>
742.  
743.  
744.  
745. <p>“La ciencia de la NASA está literalmente en todas partes, y trasciende la geografía y los idiomas para ofrecer beneficios, en tiempo real, en la vida cotidiana de las personas de todo el mundo que utilizan nuestras innovaciones, datos y descubrimientos científicos alcanzados desde el punto de vista único del espacio”, dijo la doctora Nicky Fox, administradora asociada de la Dirección de Misiones Científicas, en la sede central de la NASA en Washington. “El pódcast Universo curioso de la NASA comparte los descubrimientos de la NASA con las comunidades de habla hispana de todo el mundo, inspirando a futuros exploradores a unirse a nuestro viaje mientras regresamos a la Luna y nos aventuramos hacia Marte en beneficio de toda la humanidad”.</p>
746.  
747.  
748.  
749. <p>Todos los meses se presentarán nuevos episodios hasta el final del año. El primer episodio, centrado en los objetivos científicos de la misión a la Luna Artemis II de la NASA, está disponible en:</p>
750.  
751.  
752.  
753. <p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://go.nasa.gov/4l9lmbN" rel="noopener">https://go.nasa.gov/4l9lmbN</a></p>
754.  
755.  
756.  
757. <p></p>
758.  
759.  
760.  
761. <p>Universo curioso es presentado por Noelia González, especialista en comunicaciones en el Centro de Vuelo Espacial Goddard de la NASA en Greenbelt, Maryland. Esta temporada tendrá al coanfitrión Andrés Almeida, escritor técnico y anfitrión del pódcast de la NASA Small Steps, Giant Leaps (Pasos pequeños, grandes saltos) en la sede central de la NASA. A lo largo de la temporada, los oyentes celebrarán el legado del telescopio espacial Hubble de la NASA, aprenderán sobre una próxima misión al Sol y explorarán la energía oscura y cómo la estudiará el futuro telescopio espacial Roman, entre otros temas.</p>
762.  
763.  
764.  
765. <p>Universo curioso de la NASA es una iniciativa conjunta de los programas de comunicaciones en español y audio de la agencia. La nueva temporada, así como los episodios anteriores, están disponibles en Apple Podcasts, Spotify, SoundCloud y el <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/podcasts/universo-curioso-de-la-nasa/">sitio web</a> de la NASA.</p>
766.  
767.  
768.  
769. <p>Escucha el pódcast y descarga materiales de arte relacionados en el sitio web:</p>
770.  
771.  
772.  
773. <p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://ciencia.nasa.gov/universocurioso" rel="noopener"><strong>https://ciencia.nasa.gov/universocurioso</strong></a></p>
774.  
775.  
776. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 article_a hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details">
777. <section class="padding-x-0 padding-top-5 padding-bottom-2 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9">
778. <div class="grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0">
779. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-2 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
780. <div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black">
781. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
782. <h2 class="heading-14">Share</h2>
783. </div>
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804. </a>
805. </li>
806. </ul>
807. </div>
808. </div>
809. </div>
810. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
811. <div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black">
812. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
813. <h2 class="heading-14">Details</h2>
814. </div>
815. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3">
816. <div class="grid-col-4">
817. <div class="subheading">Last Updated</div>
818. </div>
819. <div class="grid-col-8">Jul 01, 2025</div>
820. </div>
821. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3"><div class="grid-col-4"><div class="subheading">Editor</div></div><div class="grid-col-8">Jessica Taveau</div></div><div class="grid-row"><div class="grid-col-4"><div class="subheading">Location</div></div><div class="grid-col-8"><a class="hds-location-tag-name" href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-headquarters/"><span class="hds-meta-heading">NASA Headquarters</span></a></div></div> </div>
822. </div>
823. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0"><div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black "><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h2 class="heading-14">Related Terms</h2></div><ul class="article-tags"><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/es/">NASA en español</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/podcasts/">Podcasts</a></li></ul></div></div>
824. </div>
825. </section>
826. </div>]]></content:encoded>
830. </item>
831. <item>
832. <title>NASA’s Spanish-language Podcast Debuts Third Season</title>
833. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/audio/podcasts/nasas-spanish-language-podcast-debuts-third-season/</link>
835. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Jessica Taveau]]></dc:creator>
836. <pubDate>Tue, 01 Jul 2025 19:18:58 +0000</pubDate>
837. <category><![CDATA[Podcasts]]></category>
838. <category><![CDATA[General]]></category>
839. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?p=883591</guid>
840.  
841. <description><![CDATA[Lee esta nota en español aquí. NASA released the first episode Tuesday of its third season of Universo curioso de la NASA, the agency’s only Spanish-language podcast. Episodes focus on some of NASA’s top missions and research topics for 2025, bringing the wonder of exploration, space technology, and scientific discoveries to Spanish-speaking audiences around the [&#8230;]]]></description>
842. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/uc-s03-working-file-horizontal-v02-1.png"><img decoding="async" width="1920" height="1080" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/uc-s03-working-file-horizontal-v02-1.png?w=1920" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Podcast cover illustration for “Universo curioso de la NASA.” The colorful image shows a cosmic landscape with various celestial bodies: a bright yellow Sun, Earth in vibrant blue, green, fuchsia and orange colors; a large red and orange planet representing Mars, a black hole with an accretion disk, and the Moon in purple tones. The title &#039;Universo curioso&#039; appears in the center with a gradient effect in various colors, and &#039;DE LA NASA&#039; in smaller dark coral letters. The background is black and dark violet, dotted with small yellow stars and waves that create a vibrant space atmosphere." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/uc-s03-working-file-horizontal-v02-1.png 1920w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/uc-s03-working-file-horizontal-v02-1.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/uc-s03-working-file-horizontal-v02-1.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/uc-s03-working-file-horizontal-v02-1.png?resize=1024,576 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/uc-s03-working-file-horizontal-v02-1.png?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/uc-s03-working-file-horizontal-v02-1.png?resize=400,225 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/uc-s03-working-file-horizontal-v02-1.png?resize=600,338 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/uc-s03-working-file-horizontal-v02-1.png?resize=900,506 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/uc-s03-working-file-horizontal-v02-1.png?resize=1200,675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-credits">Credit: NASA/Krystofer Kim</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
843.  
844.  
845. <p><em>Lee esta nota en español <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/es/podcast-en-espanol-de-la-nasa-estrena-su-tercera-temporada/">aquí</a>.</em></p>
846.  
847.  
848.  
849. <p>NASA released the first episode Tuesday of its third season of Universo curioso de la NASA, the agency’s only Spanish-language podcast.</p>
850.  
851.  
852.  
853. <p>Episodes focus on some of NASA’s top missions and research topics for 2025, bringing the wonder of exploration, space technology, and scientific discoveries to Spanish-speaking audiences around the world.&nbsp;</p>
854.  
855.  
856.  
857. <p>&#8220;NASA Science is literally everywhere, transcending geography and language to provide real time benefits to everyday lives across the globe using our scientific innovations, data, and discoveries from the unique vantage point of space,” said Dr. Nicky Fox, associate administrator, Science Mission Directorate, at NASA Headquarters in Washington. &#8220;The Universo curioso de la NASA podcast shares NASA&#8217;s discoveries with Spanish-speaking communities across the globe, inspiring future explorers to join our journey as we return to the Moon and venture onward to Mars for the benefit of all humanity.&#8221;<br><br></p>
858.  
859.  
860.  
861. <p>New episodes will post every month through the end of the year. The first episode, centered on the science objectives of NASA’s Artemis II mission to the Moon, is available at:</p>
862.  
863.  
864.  
865. <p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://go.nasa.gov/4l9lmbN" rel="noopener">https://go.nasa.gov/4l9lmbN</a></p>
866.  
867.  
868.  
869. <p><br>Universo curioso is hosted by Noelia González, communications specialist at NASA&#8217;s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. This season introduces co-host Andrés Almeida, technical writer and host of NASA&#8217;s Small Steps, Giant Leaps podcast at NASA’s Headquarters. Throughout the season, listeners will celebrate the legacy of NASA&#8217;s Hubble Space Telescope, learn about an upcoming mission to the Sun, and explore dark energy and how the future Roman Space Telescope will study it, among other topics.</p>
870.  
871.  
872.  
873. <p><br>Universo curioso de la NASA is a joint initiative of the agency’s Spanish-language communications and audio programs. The new season, as well as previous episodes, are available on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, SoundCloud and NASA’s&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nasa.gov/podcasts">website</a>.</p>
874.  
875.  
876.  
877. <p><br>Listen to the podcast and download related art materials at:</p>
878.  
879.  
880.  
881. <p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://ciencia.nasa.gov/universocurioso" rel="noopener"><strong>https://ciencia.nasa.gov/universocurioso</strong></a></p>
882.  
883.  
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919. <div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black">
920. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
921. <h2 class="heading-14">Details</h2>
922. </div>
923. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3">
924. <div class="grid-col-4">
925. <div class="subheading">Last Updated</div>
926. </div>
927. <div class="grid-col-8">Jul 01, 2025</div>
928. </div>
929. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3"><div class="grid-col-4"><div class="subheading">Editor</div></div><div class="grid-col-8">Jessica Taveau</div></div><div class="grid-row"><div class="grid-col-4"><div class="subheading">Location</div></div><div class="grid-col-8"><a class="hds-location-tag-name" href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-headquarters/"><span class="hds-meta-heading">NASA Headquarters</span></a></div></div> </div>
930. </div>
931. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0"><div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black "><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h2 class="heading-14">Related Terms</h2></div><ul class="article-tags"><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/podcasts/">Podcasts</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/general/">General</a></li></ul></div></div>
932. </div>
933. </section>
934. </div>]]></content:encoded>
938. </item>
939. <item>
940. <title>NASA Assigns Astronaut Anil Menon to First Space Station Mission</title>
941. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-assigns-astronaut-anil-menon-to-first-space-station-mission/</link>
943. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Lauren E. Low]]></dc:creator>
944. <pubDate>Tue, 01 Jul 2025 17:01:51 +0000</pubDate>
945. <category><![CDATA[Astronauts]]></category>
946. <category><![CDATA[Humans in Space]]></category>
947. <category><![CDATA[International Space Station (ISS)]]></category>
948. <category><![CDATA[ISS Research]]></category>
949. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?post_type=press-release&#038;p=883529</guid>
950.  
951. <description><![CDATA[NASA astronaut Anil Menon will embark on his first mission to the International Space Station, serving as a flight engineer and Expedition 75 crew member. Menon will launch aboard the Roscosmos Soyuz MS-29 spacecraft in June 2026, accompanied by Roscosmos cosmonauts Pyotr Dubrov and Anna Kikina. After launching from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, the [&#8230;]]]></description>
952. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/menon.png"><img decoding="async" width="538" height="724" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/menon.png?w=538" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 57% 32%; object-position: 57% 32%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/menon.png 538w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/menon.png?resize=223,300 223w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/menon.png?resize=297,400 297w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/menon.png?resize=446,600 446w" sizes="(max-width: 538px) 100vw, 538px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">NASA astronaut Anil Menon poses for a portrait at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston. </div><div class="hds-credits">Credit: NASA/Josh Valcarcel</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
953.  
954.  
955. <p>NASA astronaut <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/people/nasa-astronaut-anil-menon/#:~:text=Dr.,human%20system%20during%20future%20missions">Anil Menon</a> will embark on his first mission to the International Space Station, serving as a flight engineer and Expedition 75 crew member.</p>
956.  
957.  
958.  
959. <p>Menon will launch aboard the Roscosmos Soyuz MS-29 spacecraft in June 2026, accompanied by Roscosmos cosmonauts Pyotr Dubrov and Anna Kikina. After launching from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, the trio will spend approximately eight months aboard the orbiting laboratory.</p>
960.  
961.  
962.  
963. <p>During his expedition, Menon will conduct scientific investigations and technology demonstrations to help prepare humans for future space missions and benefit humanity.</p>
964.  
965.  
966.  
967. <p>Selected as a NASA astronaut in 2021, Menon graduated with the 23rd astronaut class in 2024. After completing initial astronaut candidate training, he began preparing for his first space station flight assignment.</p>
968.  
969.  
970.  
971. <p>Menon was born and raised in Minneapolis and is an emergency medicine physician, mechanical engineer, and colonel in the United States Space Force. He holds a bachelor’s degree in neurobiology from Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, a master’s degree in mechanical engineering, and a medical degree from Stanford University in California. Menon completed his emergency medicine and aerospace medicine residency at Stanford and the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston.</p>
972.  
973.  
974.  
975. <p>In his spare time, he still practices emergency medicine at Memorial Hermann’s Texas Medical Center and teaches residents at the University of Texas’ residency program. Menon served as SpaceX’s first flight surgeon, helping to launch the first crewed Dragon spacecraft on NASA’s SpaceX Demo-2 mission and building SpaceX’s medical organization to support humans on future missions. He served as a crew flight surgeon for both SpaceX flights and NASA expeditions aboard the space station.</p>
976.  
977.  
978.  
979. <p>For nearly 25 years, people have lived and worked continuously aboard the International Space Station, advancing scientific knowledge and conducting critical research for the benefit of humanity and our home planet. Space station research supports the future of human spaceflight as NASA looks toward deep space missions to the Moon under the Artemis campaign and in preparation for future human missions to Mars, as well as expanding commercial opportunities in low Earth orbit and beyond.&nbsp;</p>
980.  
981.  
982.  
983. <p>Learn more about International Space Station at:</p>
984.  
985.  
986.  
987. <p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/station"><strong>https://www.nasa.gov/station</strong></a></p>
988.  
989.  
990.  
991. <p class="has-text-align-center">-end-</p>
992.  
993.  
994.  
995. <p>Joshua Finch / Jimi Russell<br>Headquarters, Washington<br>202-358-1100<br><a href="mailto:joshua.a.finch@nasa.gov">joshua.a.finch@nasa.gov</a> / <a href="mailto:james.j.russell@nasa.gov">james.j.russell@nasa.gov</a><br><br>Shaneequa Vereen<br>Johnson Space Center, Houston<br>281-483-5111<br><a href="mailto:shaneequa.y.vereen@nasa.gov">shaneequa.y.vereen@nasa.gov</a> <a href="mailto:"></a>  </p>
996.  
997.  
998. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 article_a hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details">
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1004. <h2 class="heading-14">Share</h2>
1005. </div>
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1008. <li class="social-icon social-icon-x">
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1026. </a>
1027. </li>
1028. </ul>
1029. </div>
1030. </div>
1031. </div>
1032. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1033. <div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black">
1034. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
1035. <h2 class="heading-14">Details</h2>
1036. </div>
1037. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3">
1038. <div class="grid-col-4">
1039. <div class="subheading">Last Updated</div>
1040. </div>
1041. <div class="grid-col-8">Jul 01, 2025</div>
1042. </div>
1043. <div class="grid-row"><div class="grid-col-4"><div class="subheading">Location</div></div><div class="grid-col-8"><a class="hds-location-tag-name" href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-headquarters/"><span class="hds-meta-heading">NASA Headquarters</span></a></div></div> </div>
1044. </div>
1045. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0"><div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black "><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h2 class="heading-14">Related Terms</h2></div><ul class="article-tags"><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/astronauts/">Astronauts</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/">Humans in Space</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/">International Space Station (ISS)</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/space-station-research-and-technology/">ISS Research</a></li></ul></div></div>
1046. </div>
1047. </section>
1048. </div>]]></content:encoded>
1052. </item>
1053. <item>
1054. <title>NASA, SpaceX Invite Media to Watch Crew-11 Launch to Space Station</title>
1055. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-spacex-invite-media-to-watch-crew-11-launch-to-space-station/</link>
1057. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Jessica Taveau]]></dc:creator>
1058. <pubDate>Tue, 01 Jul 2025 15:08:47 +0000</pubDate>
1059. <category><![CDATA[Commercial Crew]]></category>
1060. <category><![CDATA[Commercial Space]]></category>
1061. <category><![CDATA[Humans in Space]]></category>
1062. <category><![CDATA[International Space Station (ISS)]]></category>
1063. <category><![CDATA[ISS Research]]></category>
1064. <category><![CDATA[Space Operations Mission Directorate]]></category>
1065. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?post_type=press-release&#038;p=883468</guid>
1066.  
1067. <description><![CDATA[Media accreditation is open for the launch of NASA’s 11th rotational mission of a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket and Dragon spacecraft carrying astronauts to the International Space Station for a science expedition. NASA’s SpaceX Crew-11 mission is targeted to launch in the late July/early August timeframe from Launch Complex 39A at the agency’s Kennedy Space [&#8230;]]]></description>
1068. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/54474123971-6cbcb7a0d4-k.jpg"><img decoding="async" width="2048" height="1368" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/54474123971-6cbcb7a0d4-k.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/54474123971-6cbcb7a0d4-k.jpg 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/54474123971-6cbcb7a0d4-k.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/54474123971-6cbcb7a0d4-k.jpg?resize=768,513 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/54474123971-6cbcb7a0d4-k.jpg?resize=1024,684 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/54474123971-6cbcb7a0d4-k.jpg?resize=1536,1026 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/54474123971-6cbcb7a0d4-k.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/54474123971-6cbcb7a0d4-k.jpg?resize=600,401 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/54474123971-6cbcb7a0d4-k.jpg?resize=900,601 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/54474123971-6cbcb7a0d4-k.jpg?resize=1200,802 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/54474123971-6cbcb7a0d4-k.jpg?resize=2000,1336 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">The four crew members of NASA&#8217;s SpaceX Crew-11 mission to the International Space Station train inside a SpaceX Dragon spacecraft in Hawthorne, California. From left to right: Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Platonov, NASA astronauts Mike Fincke and Zena Cardman, and JAXA astronaut Kimiya Yui.</div><div class="hds-credits">Credit: SpaceX</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
1069.  
1070.  
1071. <p>Media accreditation is open for the launch of NASA’s 11th rotational mission of a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket and Dragon spacecraft carrying astronauts to the International Space Station for a science expedition. NASA’s SpaceX Crew-11 mission is targeted to launch in the late July/early August timeframe from Launch Complex 39A at the agency’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida.</p>
1072.  
1073.  
1074.  
1075. <p>The mission includes NASA astronauts <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/people/zena-cardman/">Zena Cardman</a>, serving as commander; <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/people/edward-michael-mike-fincke/">Mike Fincke</a>, pilot; JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) astronaut Kimiya Yui, mission specialist; and Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Platonov, mission specialist. This is the first spaceflight for Cardman and Platonov, the fourth trip for Fincke, and the second for Yui, to the orbiting laboratory.</p>
1076.  
1077.  
1078.  
1079. <p>Media accreditation deadlines for the Crew-11 launch as part of NASA’s Commercial Crew Program are as follows:</p>
1080.  
1081.  
1082.  
1083. <ul class="wp-block-list">
1084. <li>International media without U.S. citizenship must apply by 11:59 p.m. EDT on Sunday, July 6.</li>
1085.  
1086.  
1087.  
1088. <li>U.S. media and U.S. citizens representing international media organizations must apply by 11:59 p.m. on Monday, July 14.</li>
1089. </ul>
1090.  
1091.  
1092.  
1093. <p>All accreditation requests must be submitted online at:</p>
1094.  
1095.  
1096.  
1097. <p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://media.ksc.nasa.gov" rel="noopener">https://media.ksc.nasa.gov</a></p>
1098.  
1099.  
1100.  
1101. <p>NASA’s <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/general/nasa-agencywide-media-accreditation-policy/">media accreditation policy</a> is online. For questions about accreditation or special logistical requests, email: <a href="mailto:ksc-media-accreditat@mail.nasa.gov">ksc-media-accreditat@mail.nasa.gov</a>. Requests for space for satellite trucks, tents, or electrical connections are due by Monday, July 14.</p>
1102.  
1103.  
1104.  
1105. <p>For other questions, please contact NASA Kennedy’s newsroom at: 321-867-2468.</p>
1106.  
1107.  
1108.  
1109. <p><em>Para obtener información sobre cobertura en español en el Centro Espacial Kennedy o si desea solicitar entrevistas en español, comuníquese con Antonia Jaramillo: 321-501-8425, o Messod Bendayan: 256-930-1371.</em></p>
1110.  
1111.  
1112.  
1113. <p>For launch coverage and more information about the mission, visit:</p>
1114.  
1115.  
1116.  
1117. <p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/commercialcrew"><strong>https://www.nasa.gov/commercialcrew</strong></a></p>
1118.  
1119.  
1120.  
1121. <p class="has-text-align-center">-end-</p>
1122.  
1123.  
1124.  
1125. <p>Joshua Finch / Claire O’Shea<br>Headquarters, Washington<br>202-358-1100<br><a href="mailto:joshua.a.finch@nasa.gov">joshua.a.finch@nasa.gov</a> / <a href="mailto:claire.a.o’shea@nasa.gov" data-type="mailto" data-id="mailto:claire.a.o’shea@nasa.gov">claire.a.o’shea@nasa.gov</a></p>
1126.  
1127.  
1128.  
1129. <p>Steve Siceloff / Stephanie Plucinsky<br>Kennedy Space Center, Florida<br>321-867-2468<br><a href="mailto:steven.p.siceloff@nasa.gov">steven.p.siceloff@nasa.gov</a> / <a href="mailto:stephanie.n.plucinsky@nasa.gov">stephanie.n.plucinsky@nasa.gov</a></p>
1130.  
1131.  
1132.  
1133. <p>Joseph Zakrzewski<br>Johnson Space Center, Houston<br>281-483-5111<br><a href="mailto:joseph.a.zakrzewski@nasa.gov">joseph.a.zakrzewski@nasa.gov</a></p>
1134.  
1135.  
1136. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 article_a hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details">
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1169. </div>
1170. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1171. <div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black">
1172. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
1173. <h2 class="heading-14">Details</h2>
1174. </div>
1175. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3">
1176. <div class="grid-col-4">
1177. <div class="subheading">Last Updated</div>
1178. </div>
1179. <div class="grid-col-8">Jul 01, 2025</div>
1180. </div>
1181. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3"><div class="grid-col-4"><div class="subheading">Editor</div></div><div class="grid-col-8">Jessica Taveau</div></div><div class="grid-row"><div class="grid-col-4"><div class="subheading">Location</div></div><div class="grid-col-8"><a class="hds-location-tag-name" href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-headquarters/"><span class="hds-meta-heading">NASA Headquarters</span></a></div></div> </div>
1182. </div>
1183. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0"><div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black "><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h2 class="heading-14">Related Terms</h2></div><ul class="article-tags"><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/commercial-space/commercial-crew-program/">Commercial Crew</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/commercial-space/">Commercial Space</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/">Humans in Space</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/">International Space Station (ISS)</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/space-station-research-and-technology/">ISS Research</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/space-operations/">Space Operations Mission Directorate</a></li></ul></div></div>
1184. </div>
1185. </section>
1186. </div>]]></content:encoded>
1190. </item>
1191. <item>
1192. <title>NASA Hosts ISRO Officials at Johnson, Kennedy</title>
1193. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/nasa-hosts-isro-officials-at-johnson-kennedy/</link>
1195. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Ana Guzman]]></dc:creator>
1196. <pubDate>Tue, 01 Jul 2025 15:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
1197. <category><![CDATA[Commercial Space]]></category>
1198. <category><![CDATA[Humans in Space]]></category>
1199. <category><![CDATA[Johnson Space Center]]></category>
1200. <category><![CDATA[Low Earth Orbit Economy]]></category>
1201. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?post_type=image-article&#038;p=883382</guid>
1202.  
1203. <description><![CDATA[NASA astronaut Raja Chari and Dr. V. Narayanan, chairman of ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation), interact outside the Orion spacecraft mockup at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston. Narayanan and Indian officials visited NASA Johnson and NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, ahead of the Axiom Mission 4 launch to the International Space Station. As [&#8230;]]]></description>
1204. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/jsc2025e056766-1.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2048" height="1365" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/jsc2025e056766-1.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="NASA astronaut Raja Chari and Dr. V. Narayanan, chairman of ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation), interact outside the Orion spacecraft mockup at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston. " style="transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/jsc2025e056766-1.jpg 7079w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/jsc2025e056766-1.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/jsc2025e056766-1.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/jsc2025e056766-1.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/jsc2025e056766-1.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/jsc2025e056766-1.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/jsc2025e056766-1.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/jsc2025e056766-1.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/jsc2025e056766-1.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/jsc2025e056766-1.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/jsc2025e056766-1.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-credits">NASA</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
1205.  
1206.  
1207. <p>NASA astronaut Raja Chari and Dr. V. Narayanan, chairman of ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation), interact outside the Orion spacecraft mockup at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston. Narayanan and Indian officials visited NASA Johnson and NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, ahead of the Axiom Mission 4 launch to the International Space Station.<br><br>As part of a collaboration between NASA and ISRO, Axiom Mission 4 delivers on a commitment highlighted by President Trump and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi to send the first ISRO astronaut to the station. The space agencies are participating in five joint science investigations and two in-orbit science, technology, engineering, and mathematics demonstrations. NASA and ISRO have a long-standing relationship built on a shared vision to advance scientific knowledge and expand space collaboration.</p>
1208.  
1209.  
1210. <div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards"> <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0">
1211. <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3">
1212. <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1213. <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div>
1214. <h2 class="heading-36 line-height-sm">Discover More Topics From NASA</h2>
1215. </div>
1216. </div>
1217. <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper">
1218. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/commercial-space/low-earth-orbit-economy/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1219. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
1220. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
1221. <div>
1222. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
1223. <span>Low Earth Orbit Economy</span>
1224. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
1225. </p>
1226. </div>
1227. </div>
1228. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1041" height="693" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss044e054270.jpg?w=1041" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss044e054270.jpg 1041w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss044e054270.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss044e054270.jpg?resize=768,511 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss044e054270.jpg?resize=1024,682 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss044e054270.jpg?resize=400,266 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss044e054270.jpg?resize=600,399 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss044e054270.jpg?resize=900,599 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1041px) 100vw, 1041px" /></figure> </div>
1229. </a>
1230. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1231. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
1232. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
1233. <div>
1234. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
1235. <span>Humans In Space</span>
1236. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
1237. </p>
1238. </div>
1239. </div>
1240. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1536" height="1024" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/51476067951-e10dfb6875-o.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/51476067951-e10dfb6875-o.jpg 5568w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/51476067951-e10dfb6875-o.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/51476067951-e10dfb6875-o.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/51476067951-e10dfb6875-o.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/51476067951-e10dfb6875-o.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/51476067951-e10dfb6875-o.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/51476067951-e10dfb6875-o.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/51476067951-e10dfb6875-o.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/51476067951-e10dfb6875-o.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/51476067951-e10dfb6875-o.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/51476067951-e10dfb6875-o.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure> </div>
1241. </a>
1242. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/commercial-space/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1243. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
1244. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
1245. <div>
1246. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
1247. <span>Commercial Space</span>
1248. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
1249. </p>
1250. </div>
1251. </div>
1252. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1536" height="1022" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/iss041e012095orig.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/iss041e012095orig.jpg 4256w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/iss041e012095orig.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/iss041e012095orig.jpg?resize=768,511 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/iss041e012095orig.jpg?resize=1024,681 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/iss041e012095orig.jpg?resize=1536,1022 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/iss041e012095orig.jpg?resize=2048,1363 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/iss041e012095orig.jpg?resize=400,266 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/iss041e012095orig.jpg?resize=600,399 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/iss041e012095orig.jpg?resize=900,599 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/iss041e012095orig.jpg?resize=1200,798 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/iss041e012095orig.jpg?resize=2000,1331 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure> </div>
1253. </a>
1254. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/private-astronaut-missions/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
1255. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
1256. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
1257. <div>
1258. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
1259. <span>Private Astronaut Missions</span>
1260. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
1261. </p>
1262. </div>
1263. </div>
1264. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1920" height="1280" src="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss069e014093/iss069e014093~large.jpg?w=1920&amp;h=1280&amp;fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss069e014093/iss069e014093~large.jpg?w=1920&amp;h=1280&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss069e014093/iss069e014093~large.jpg?w=300&amp;h=200&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss069e014093/iss069e014093~large.jpg?w=768&amp;h=512&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss069e014093/iss069e014093~large.jpg?w=1024&amp;h=683&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss069e014093/iss069e014093~large.jpg?w=1536&amp;h=1024&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss069e014093/iss069e014093~large.jpg?w=400&amp;h=267&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss069e014093/iss069e014093~large.jpg?w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss069e014093/iss069e014093~large.jpg?w=900&amp;h=600&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss069e014093/iss069e014093~large.jpg?w=1200&amp;h=800&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></figure> </div>
1265. </a>
1266. </div>
1267. </div>
1268. </div>]]></content:encoded>
1272. </item>
1273. <item>
1274. <title>A New Alloy is Enabling Ultra-Stable Structures Needed for Exoplanet Discovery</title>
1275. <link>https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/a-new-alloy-is-enabling-ultra-stable-structures-needed-for-exoplanet-discovery/</link>
1277. <dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
1278. <pubDate>Tue, 01 Jul 2025 13:59:21 +0000</pubDate>
1279. <category><![CDATA[Astrophysics]]></category>
1280. <category><![CDATA[Astrophysics Division]]></category>
1281. <category><![CDATA[Science-enabling Technology]]></category>
1282. <category><![CDATA[Technology Highlights]]></category>
1283. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/a-new-alloy-is-enabling-ultra-stable-structures-needed-for-exoplanet-discovery/</guid>
1284.  
1285. <description><![CDATA[A unique new material that shrinks when it is heated and expands when it is cooled could help enable the ultra-stable space telescopes that future NASA missions require to search for habitable worlds. One of the goals of NASA’s Astrophysics Division is to determine whether we are alone in the universe. NASA’s astrophysics missions seek […]]]></description>
1286. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro">
1287. <div class="width-full maxw-full article-header">
1288. <div class="margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full">
1289. <p class="label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0">7 min read</p>
1290. <h1 class="display-48 margin-bottom-2">A New Alloy is Enabling Ultra-Stable Structures Needed for Exoplanet Discovery</h1>
1291. </div>
1292. </div>
1293. </div>
1294. <p>A unique new material that shrinks when it is heated and expands when it is cooled could help enable the ultra-stable space telescopes that future NASA missions require to search for habitable worlds.</p>
1295. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
1296. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
1297. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
1298. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/PIA21470~orig.jpg?w=1280&#038;h=960&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1280" height="960" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/PIA21470~orig.jpg?w=1280&#038;h=960&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="An artist depiction of a watery exoplanet in space. Two stars in close proximity are shown near the planet with many stars and a nebula in the dark background." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="eager" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/PIA21470~orig.jpg?w=1280&#038;h=960&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1280w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/PIA21470~orig.jpg?w=300&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/PIA21470~orig.jpg?w=768&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/PIA21470~orig.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=768&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/PIA21470~orig.jpg?w=400&#038;h=300&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/PIA21470~orig.jpg?w=600&#038;h=450&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/PIA21470~orig.jpg?w=900&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/PIA21470~orig.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=900&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
1299. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Advancements in material technologies are needed to meet the science needs of the next great observatories. These observatories will strive to find, identify, and study exoplanets and their ability to support life.</div>
1300. <div class="hds-credits">Credit: NASA JPL</div>
1301. </figcaption></div>
1302. </div>
1303. </div>
1304. <p>One of the goals of NASA’s Astrophysics Division is to determine whether we are alone in the universe. NASA’s astrophysics missions seek to answer this question by identifying planets beyond our solar system (exoplanets) that could support life. Over the last two decades, scientists have developed ways to detect atmospheres on exoplanets by closely observing stars through advanced telescopes. As light passes through a planet’s atmosphere or is reflected or emitted from a planet’s surface, telescopes can measure the intensity and spectra (i.e., “color”) of the light, and can detect various shifts in the light caused by gases in the planetary atmosphere. By analyzing these patterns, scientists can determine the types of gasses in the exoplanet’s atmosphere.</p>
1305. <p>Decoding these shifts is no easy task because the exoplanets appear very near their host stars when we observe them, and the starlight is one billion times brighter than the light from an Earth-size exoplanet. To successfully detect habitable exoplanets, NASA’s future Habitable Worlds Observatory will need a contrast ratio of one to one billion (1:1,000,000,000).</p>
1306. <p>Achieving this extreme contrast ratio will require a telescope that is 1,000 times more stable than state-of-the-art space-based observatories like NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope and its forthcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. New sensors, system architectures, and materials must be integrated and work in concert for future mission success. A team from the company ALLVAR is collaborating with NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center and NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory to demonstrate how integration of a new material with unique negative thermal expansion characteristics can help enable ultra-stable telescope structures.</p>
1307. <p>Material stability has always been a limiting factor for observing celestial phenomena. For decades, scientists and engineers have been working to overcome challenges such as micro-creep, thermal expansion, and moisture expansion that detrimentally affect telescope stability. The materials currently used for telescope mirrors and struts have drastically improved the dimensional stability of the great observatories like Webb and Roman, but as indicated in the <a href="https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work/decadal-survey-on-astronomy-and-astrophysics-2020-astro2020" rel="noopener">Decadal Survey on Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020</a> developed by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, they still fall short of the 10 picometer level stability over several hours that will be required for the Habitable Worlds Observatory. For perspective, 10 picometers is roughly 1/10<sup>th</sup> the diameter of an atom.</p>
1308. <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1638" height="2047" class="wp-image-874848" style="width: 450px" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/Nancy-Grace-Roman-Space-Telescope.jpg" alt="A large complex structure in a work room towers above workers clad in protective suits. At the top of the structure, six black struts extend to hold a small round mirror." srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/Nancy-Grace-Roman-Space-Telescope.jpg?w=1638&#038;h=2047&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1638w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/Nancy-Grace-Roman-Space-Telescope.jpg?w=240&#038;h=300&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 240w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/Nancy-Grace-Roman-Space-Telescope.jpg?w=768&#038;h=960&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/Nancy-Grace-Roman-Space-Telescope.jpg?w=819&#038;h=1024&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 819w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/Nancy-Grace-Roman-Space-Telescope.jpg?w=1229&#038;h=1536&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1229w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/Nancy-Grace-Roman-Space-Telescope.jpg?w=320&#038;h=400&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 320w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/Nancy-Grace-Roman-Space-Telescope.jpg?w=480&#038;h=600&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 480w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/Nancy-Grace-Roman-Space-Telescope.jpg?w=720&#038;h=900&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 720w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/Nancy-Grace-Roman-Space-Telescope.jpg?w=960&#038;h=1200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 960w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/Nancy-Grace-Roman-Space-Telescope.jpg?w=1600&#038;h=2000&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1638px) 100vw, 1638px" /></p>
1309. <p><sub>NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope sits atop the support structure and instrument payloads. The long black struts holding the telescope’s secondary mirror will contribute roughly 30% of the wave front error while the larger support structure underneath the primary mirror will contribute another 30%.</sub></p>
1310. <p><sub>Credit: NASA/Chris Gunn</sub></p>
1311. <p>Funding from NASA and other sources has enabled this material to transition from the laboratory to the commercial scale. ALLVAR received NASA Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) funding to scale and integrate a new alloy material into telescope structure demonstrations for potential use on future NASA missions like the Habitable Worlds Observatory. This alloy shrinks when heated and expands when cooled—a property known as negative thermal expansion (NTE). For example, ALLVAR Alloy 30 exhibits a -30 ppm/°C coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) at room temperature. This means that a 1-meter long piece of this NTE alloy will shrink 0.003 mm for every 1 °C increase in temperature. For comparison, aluminum expands at +23 ppm/°C.</p>
1312. <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1838" height="1787" class="wp-image-874849" style="width: 300px" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/ALLVAR-Alloy-30-Strain-GraphNegative-CTE.png" alt="A plot with a y-axis of thermal strain (-0.4% to 0.4%) versus temperature on the x-axis with a range of-150°C to 100°C is given. Invar 36, Ti64, A286, and Aluminum 6061 strain values are shown with negative value at lower temperatures indicating they contract when cooled and positive thermal strain above 25°C showing expansion when heated. The plot for ALLVAR Alloy 30 shows the opposite phenomenon with a thermal contraction occurring when heated and thermal expansion occurring when cooled." srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/ALLVAR-Alloy-30-Strain-GraphNegative-CTE.png?w=1838&#038;h=1787&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1838w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/ALLVAR-Alloy-30-Strain-GraphNegative-CTE.png?w=300&#038;h=292&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/ALLVAR-Alloy-30-Strain-GraphNegative-CTE.png?w=768&#038;h=747&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/ALLVAR-Alloy-30-Strain-GraphNegative-CTE.png?w=1024&#038;h=996&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/ALLVAR-Alloy-30-Strain-GraphNegative-CTE.png?w=1536&#038;h=1493&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/ALLVAR-Alloy-30-Strain-GraphNegative-CTE.png?w=50&#038;h=49&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 50w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/ALLVAR-Alloy-30-Strain-GraphNegative-CTE.png?w=400&#038;h=389&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/ALLVAR-Alloy-30-Strain-GraphNegative-CTE.png?w=600&#038;h=583&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/ALLVAR-Alloy-30-Strain-GraphNegative-CTE.png?w=900&#038;h=875&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/ALLVAR-Alloy-30-Strain-GraphNegative-CTE.png?w=1200&#038;h=1167&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1838px) 100vw, 1838px" /></p>
1313. <p><sub>While other materials expand while heated and contract when cooled, ALLVAR Alloy 30 exhibits a negative thermal expansion, which can compensate for the thermal expansion mismatch of other materials. The thermal strain versus temperature is shown for 6061 Aluminum, A286 Stainless Steel, Titanium 6Al-4V, Invar 36, and ALLVAR Alloy 30.</sub></p>
1314. <p>Because it shrinks when other materials expand, ALLVAR Alloy 30 can be used to strategically compensate for the expansion and contraction of other materials. The alloy’s unique NTE property and lack of moisture expansion could enable optic designers to address the stability needs of future telescope structures. Calculations have indicated that integrating ALLVAR Alloy 30 into certain telescope designs could improve thermal stability up to 200 times compared to only using traditional materials like aluminum, titanium, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRPs), and the nickel–iron alloy, Invar.</p>
1315. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
1316. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
1317. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
1318. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/Stability-Measurement-Strut-Graphs-ALLVAR.png?w=3966&#038;h=2392&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="3966" height="2392" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/Stability-Measurement-Strut-Graphs-ALLVAR.png?w=3966&#038;h=2392&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Two struts with an arrow indicating where on a hexapod assembly they would fit. A graph depicting decreasing ultrastability shows frequency on the x axis in Hz and Length ASD in m/√Hz on the y axis. The length noise of the ALLVAR strut is indicated in red with the strut stability well below the proposed target for the success criteria for the project." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/Stability-Measurement-Strut-Graphs-ALLVAR.png?w=3966&#038;h=2392&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 3966w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/Stability-Measurement-Strut-Graphs-ALLVAR.png?w=300&#038;h=181&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/Stability-Measurement-Strut-Graphs-ALLVAR.png?w=768&#038;h=463&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/Stability-Measurement-Strut-Graphs-ALLVAR.png?w=1024&#038;h=618&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/Stability-Measurement-Strut-Graphs-ALLVAR.png?w=1536&#038;h=926&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/Stability-Measurement-Strut-Graphs-ALLVAR.png?w=2048&#038;h=1235&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/Stability-Measurement-Strut-Graphs-ALLVAR.png?w=400&#038;h=241&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/Stability-Measurement-Strut-Graphs-ALLVAR.png?w=600&#038;h=362&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/Stability-Measurement-Strut-Graphs-ALLVAR.png?w=900&#038;h=543&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/Stability-Measurement-Strut-Graphs-ALLVAR.png?w=1200&#038;h=724&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/Stability-Measurement-Strut-Graphs-ALLVAR.png?w=2000&#038;h=1206&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 3966px) 100vw, 3966px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
1319. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">The hexapod assembly with six ALLVAR Alloy struts was measured for long-term stability. The stability of the individual struts and the hexapod assembly were measured using interferometry at the University of Florida’s Institute for High Energy Physics and Astrophysics. The struts were found to have a length noise well below the proposed target for the success criteria for the project.</div>
1320. <div class="hds-credits">Credit: (left) ALLVAR and (right) Simon F. Barke, Ph.D.</div>
1321. </figcaption></div>
1322. </div>
1323. </div>
1324. <p>To demonstrate that negative thermal expansion alloys can enable ultra-stable structures, the ALLVAR team developed a hexapod structure to separate two mirrors made of a commercially available glass ceramic material with ultra-low thermal expansion properties. Invar was bonded to the mirrors and flexures made of Ti6Al4V—a titanium alloy commonly used in aerospace applications—were attached to the Invar. To compensate for the positive CTEs of the Invar and Ti6Al4V components, an NTE ALLVAR Alloy 30 tube was used between the Ti6Al4V flexures to create the struts separating the two mirrors. The natural positive thermal expansion of the Invar and Ti6Al4V components is offset by the negative thermal expansion of the NTE alloy struts, resulting in a structure with an effective zero thermal expansion.</p>
1325. <p>The stability of the structure was evaluated at the University of Florida Institute for High Energy Physics and Astrophysics. The hexapod structure exhibited stability well below the 100 pm/√Hz target and achieved 11 pm/√Hz. This first iteration is close to the 10 pm stability required for the future Habitable Worlds Observatory. A paper and presentation made at the August 2021 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers conference provides details about this analysis.</p>
1326. <p>Furthermore, a series of tests run by NASA Marshall showed that the ultra-stable struts were able to achieve a near-zero thermal expansion that matched the mirrors in the above analysis. This result translates into less than a 5 nm root mean square (rms) change in the mirror’s shape across a 28K temperature change.</p>
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1328. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
1329. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
1330. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/ALLVAR-Enabled-Hexapod-Test-and-RMS.jpg?w=4308&#038;h=2475&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="4308" height="2475" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/ALLVAR-Enabled-Hexapod-Test-and-RMS.jpg?w=4308&#038;h=2475&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="On the left, a circle with red, yellow, blue, and green colors that represent localized Root Mean Square (RMS) changes in the mirror’s surface shape with changing temperature. Three roughly circular red areas are caused by the thermal expansion mismatch of the Invar bonding pads with the ZERODUR mirror, while blue and green fields are shown in the rest of the circle. indicating little to no changes caused by thermal expansion of the support structure. The image on the right depicts a very reflective mirror held vertically with wires connected to the sides of the mirror. A second mirror is connected behind it with a structure in between." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/ALLVAR-Enabled-Hexapod-Test-and-RMS.jpg?w=4308&#038;h=2475&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 4308w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/ALLVAR-Enabled-Hexapod-Test-and-RMS.jpg?w=300&#038;h=172&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/ALLVAR-Enabled-Hexapod-Test-and-RMS.jpg?w=768&#038;h=441&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/ALLVAR-Enabled-Hexapod-Test-and-RMS.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=588&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/ALLVAR-Enabled-Hexapod-Test-and-RMS.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=882&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/ALLVAR-Enabled-Hexapod-Test-and-RMS.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=1177&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/ALLVAR-Enabled-Hexapod-Test-and-RMS.jpg?w=400&#038;h=230&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/ALLVAR-Enabled-Hexapod-Test-and-RMS.jpg?w=600&#038;h=345&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/ALLVAR-Enabled-Hexapod-Test-and-RMS.jpg?w=900&#038;h=517&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/ALLVAR-Enabled-Hexapod-Test-and-RMS.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=689&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/ALLVAR-Enabled-Hexapod-Test-and-RMS.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=1149&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 4308px) 100vw, 4308px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
1331. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">The ALLVAR enabled Ultra-Stable Hexapod Assembly undergoing Interferometric Testing between 293K and 265K (right). On the left, the Root Mean Square (RMS) changes in the mirror’s surface shape are visually represented. The three roughly circular red areas are caused by the thermal expansion mismatch of the invar bonding pads with the ZERODUR mirror, while the blue and green sections show little to no changes caused by thermal expansion. The surface diagram shows a less than 5 nanometer RMS change in mirror figure.</div>
1332. <div class="hds-credits">Credit: NASA’s X-Ray and Cryogenic Facility [XRCF]</div>
1333. </figcaption></div>
1334. </div>
1335. </div>
1336. <p>Beyond ultra-stable structures, the NTE alloy technology has enabled enhanced passive thermal switch performance and has been used to remove the detrimental effects of temperature changes on bolted joints and infrared optics. These applications could impact technologies used in other NASA missions. For example, these new alloys have been integrated into the cryogenic sub-assembly of Roman’s coronagraph technology demonstration. The addition of NTE washers enabled the use of pyrolytic graphite thermal straps for more efficient heat transfer. ALLVAR Alloy 30 is also being used in a high-performance passive thermal switch incorporated into the UC Berkeley Space Science Laboratory’s <a href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experiment/display.action?id=BLUEGHOS2-01" rel="noopener">Lunar Surface Electromagnetics Experiment-Night (LuSEE Night)</a> project aboard Firefly Aerospace’s Blue Ghost Mission 2, which will be delivered to the Moon through NASA’s CLPS (Commercial Lunar Payload Services) initiative. The NTE alloys enabled smaller thermal switch size and greater on-off heat conduction ratios for LuSEE Night.</p>
1337. <p>Through another recent NASA SBIR effort, the ALLVAR team worked with NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory to develop detailed datasets of ALLVAR Alloy 30 material properties. These large datasets include statistically significant material properties such as strength, elastic modulus, fatigue, and thermal conductivity. The team also collected information about less common properties like micro-creep and micro-yield. With these properties characterized, ALLVAR Alloy 30 has cleared a major hurdle towards space-material qualification.</p>
1338. <p>As a spinoff of this NASA-funded work, the team is developing a new alloy with tunable thermal expansion properties that can match other materials or even achieve zero CTE. Thermal expansion mismatch causes dimensional stability and force-load issues that can impact fields such as nuclear engineering, quantum computing, aerospace and defense, optics, fundamental physics, and medical imaging. The potential uses for this new material will likely extend far beyond astronomy. For example, ALLVAR developed washers and spacers, are now commercially available to maintain consistent preloads across extreme temperature ranges in both space and terrestrial environments. These washers and spacers excel at counteracting the thermal expansion and contraction of other materials, ensuring stability for demanding applications.</p>
1339. <p>For additional details, see the <a href="https://techport.nasa.gov/projects/125342" rel="noopener">entry for this project on NASA TechPort</a>.</p>
1340. <p><strong>Project Lead: </strong>Dr. James A. Monroe, ALLVAR</p>
1341. <p><strong>The following NASA organizations sponsored this effort: </strong>NASA Astrophysics Division, NASA SBIR Program funded by the Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD).</p>
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1452. </p></div>
1453. <p> </a>
1454. </div>
1455. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3">
1456. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/get-involved/citizen-science/nasa-citizen-scientists-find-new-eclipsing-binary-stars/" class="color-carbon-black" rel="noopener"></p>
1457. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
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1460. </p></div>
1461. </p></div>
1462. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
1463. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">2 min read</div>
1464. <div class="margin-bottom-1">
1465. <h3 class="related-article-title">NASA Citizen Scientists Find New Eclipsing Binary Stars</h3>
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1470. <span>Article</span><br />
1471. </span><br />
1472. <span class=""><br />
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1474. </div>
1475. </p></div>
1476. <p> </a>
1477. </div>
1478. </p></div>
1479. </section></div>
1480. ]]></content:encoded>
1484. </item>
1485. <item>
1486. <title>Ames Science Directorate&#8217;s Stars of the Month: July 2025</title>
1487. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/general/ames-science-directorates-stars-of-the-month-july-2025/</link>
1489. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Aaron McKinnon]]></dc:creator>
1490. <pubDate>Tue, 01 Jul 2025 11:27:27 +0000</pubDate>
1491. <category><![CDATA[General]]></category>
1492. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?p=883362</guid>
1493.  
1494. <description><![CDATA[The NASA Ames Science Directorate recognizes the outstanding contributions of (pictured left to right) Sigrid Reinsch, Lori Munar, Kevin Sims, and Matthew Fladeland. Their commitment to the NASA mission represents the entrepreneurial spirit, technical expertise, and collaborative disposition needed to explore this world and beyond. Space Biosciences Star: Sigrid Reinsch As Director&#160;of&#160;the&#160;SHINE (Space Health Impacts [&#8230;]]]></description>
1495. <content:encoded><![CDATA[
1496. <div style="height:30px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
1497.  
1498.  
1499. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/som-title-image-july-2025.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1920" height="1080" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/som-title-image-july-2025.jpg?w=1920" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/som-title-image-july-2025.jpg 1920w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/som-title-image-july-2025.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/som-title-image-july-2025.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/som-title-image-july-2025.jpg?resize=1024,576 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/som-title-image-july-2025.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/som-title-image-july-2025.jpg?resize=400,225 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/som-title-image-july-2025.jpg?resize=600,338 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/som-title-image-july-2025.jpg?resize=900,506 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/som-title-image-july-2025.jpg?resize=1200,675 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></a></figure></div></div></div>
1500.  
1501.  
1502. <p>The NASA Ames Science Directorate recognizes the outstanding contributions of (pictured left to right) Sigrid Reinsch, Lori Munar, Kevin Sims, and Matthew Fladeland. Their commitment to the NASA mission represents the entrepreneurial spirit, technical expertise, and collaborative disposition needed to explore this world and beyond.</p>
1503.  
1504.  
1505.  
1506. <div style="height:26px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
1507.  
1508.  
1509. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/sigrid_nasa_photo.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2048" height="1365" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/sigrid_nasa_photo.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Sigrid Reinsch" style="transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/sigrid_nasa_photo.jpg 3000w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/sigrid_nasa_photo.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/sigrid_nasa_photo.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/sigrid_nasa_photo.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/sigrid_nasa_photo.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/sigrid_nasa_photo.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/sigrid_nasa_photo.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/sigrid_nasa_photo.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/sigrid_nasa_photo.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/sigrid_nasa_photo.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/sigrid_nasa_photo.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure></div></div></div>
1510.  
1511.  
1512. <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Space Biosciences Star: Sigrid Reinsch</h3>
1513.  
1514.  
1515.  
1516. <p>As Director&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;SHINE (Space Health Impacts for the NASA Experience) program and Project Scientist for NBISC (NASA Biological Institutional Scientific Collection), Sigrid Reinsch is a high-performing scientist and outstanding mentor in&nbsp;the&nbsp;Space Biosciences Research Branch. Her dedication to student training and her efforts to streamline processes have significantly improved&nbsp;the&nbsp;experience&nbsp;of&nbsp;welcoming summer interns at NASA Ames.</p>
1517.  
1518.  
1519.  
1520. <p></p>
1521.  
1522.  
1523.  
1524. <div style="height:29px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
1525.  
1526.  
1527. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/screenshot-2024-10-28-at-2-21-51 pm.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="438" height="408" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/screenshot-2024-10-28-at-2-21-51 pm.png?w=438" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Close up of Lori Munar" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/screenshot-2024-10-28-at-2-21-51 pm.png 438w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/screenshot-2024-10-28-at-2-21-51 pm.png?resize=300,279 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/screenshot-2024-10-28-at-2-21-51 pm.png?resize=400,373 400w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 438px) 100vw, 438px" /></a></figure></div></div></div>
1528.  
1529.  
1530. <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Space Science and Astrobiology Star: Lori Munar</h3>
1531.  
1532.  
1533.  
1534. <p>Lori Munar serves as the assistant Branch Chief of the Exobiology Branch. In the past few months, she has gone above and beyond to organize a facility and laboratory surplus event that involved multiple divisions over multiple days. The event resulted in considerable savings across the groups involved and improved the safety of N239 staff and the appearance of offices and labs.</p>
1535.  
1536.  
1537.  
1538. <div style="height:27px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
1539.  
1540.  
1541. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/sims-kevin.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1353" height="1804" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/sims-kevin.jpg?w=1353" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 46% 20%; object-position: 46% 20%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/sims-kevin.jpg 1353w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/sims-kevin.jpg?resize=225,300 225w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/sims-kevin.jpg?resize=768,1024 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/sims-kevin.jpg?resize=1152,1536 1152w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/sims-kevin.jpg?resize=300,400 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/sims-kevin.jpg?resize=450,600 450w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/sims-kevin.jpg?resize=675,900 675w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/sims-kevin.jpg?resize=900,1200 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1353px) 100vw, 1353px" /></a></figure></div></div></div>
1542.  
1543.  
1544. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Space Science and Astrobiology Star: Kevin Sims</strong></h3>
1545.  
1546.  
1547.  
1548. <p>Kevin Sims is a NASA Technical Project Manager serving the Astrophysics Branch as a member of the Flight Systems Implementation Branch in the Space Biosciences Division. Kevin is recognized for outstanding project management for exoplanet imaging instrumentation development in support of the Habitable Worlds Observatory. Kevin has streamlined, organized, and improved the efficiency of the Ames Photonics Testbed being developed as part the AstroPIC Early Career Initiative project.</p>
1549.  
1550.  
1551.  
1552. <div style="height:25px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
1553.  
1554.  
1555. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/fladeland-headshot.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1649" height="2048" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/fladeland-headshot.jpg?w=1649" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 52% 42%; object-position: 52% 42%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/fladeland-headshot.jpg 2088w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/fladeland-headshot.jpg?resize=242,300 242w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/fladeland-headshot.jpg?resize=768,954 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/fladeland-headshot.jpg?resize=825,1024 825w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/fladeland-headshot.jpg?resize=1237,1536 1237w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/fladeland-headshot.jpg?resize=1649,2048 1649w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/fladeland-headshot.jpg?resize=322,400 322w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/fladeland-headshot.jpg?resize=483,600 483w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/fladeland-headshot.jpg?resize=725,900 725w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/fladeland-headshot.jpg?resize=966,1200 966w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/fladeland-headshot.jpg?resize=1610,2000 1610w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1649px) 100vw, 1649px" /></a></figure></div></div></div>
1556.  
1557.  
1558. <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Earth Science Star: Matthew Fladeland </h3>
1559.  
1560.  
1561.  
1562. <p>Matthew Fladeland is a research scientist in the Earth Science Division managing NASA SMD’s Program Office for the Airborne Science Program, located at Ames. He is recognized for exemplary leadership and teamwork leading to new reimbursable agreements with the Department of Defense, for accelerating science technology solutions through the SBIR program, and for advancing partnerships with the US Forest Service on wildland ecology and fire science.</p>
1563. ]]></content:encoded>
1567. </item>
1568. </channel>
1569. </rss>
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