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  23. <title>Discovery Alert: Four Little Planets, One Big Step</title>
  24. <link>https://science.nasa.gov/universe/exoplanets/discovery-alert-four-little-planets-one-big-step/</link>
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  27. <pubDate>Tue, 01 Apr 2025 03:56:00 +0000</pubDate>
  28. <category><![CDATA[Exoplanets]]></category>
  29. <category><![CDATA[Radial Velocity]]></category>
  30. <category><![CDATA[Terrestrial Exoplanets]]></category>
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  33. <description><![CDATA[The Discovery Four rocky planets much smaller than Earth orbit Barnard’s Star, the next closest to ours after the three-star Alpha Centauri system. Barnard’s is the nearest single star. Key Facts Barnard’s Star, six light-years away, is notorious among astronomers for a history of false planet detections. But with the help of high-precision technology, the […]]]></description>
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  108. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/exoplanet-artists-concepts/Artists_Concept_of_Exoplanets_Orbiting_Barnards_Star__noirlab2510a.tif?w=5760&#038;h=3600&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="5760" height="3600" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/exoplanet-artists-concepts/Artists_Concept_of_Exoplanets_Orbiting_Barnards_Star__noirlab2510a.tif?w=5760&#038;h=3600&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="An artist’s view from what appears to be just above the surface of a small Barnard’s Star planet, covering the lower three-quarters of the image, the surface reddish brown, pocked with craters and a canyon-like trough stretching from the bottom center to the horizon. Above the curved horizon of the planet, at center, is the reddish Barnard’s Star, the other three small planets visible in the otherwise black background of space on either side of it – to the left of the star, one planet, lit about half-phase on the planet’s right side, and to the right of the star two planets, lit half-phase on their left sides." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/exoplanet-artists-concepts/Artists_Concept_of_Exoplanets_Orbiting_Barnards_Star__noirlab2510a.tif?w=5760&#038;h=3600&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 5760w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/exoplanet-artists-concepts/Artists_Concept_of_Exoplanets_Orbiting_Barnards_Star__noirlab2510a.tif?w=300&#038;h=188&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/exoplanet-artists-concepts/Artists_Concept_of_Exoplanets_Orbiting_Barnards_Star__noirlab2510a.tif?w=768&#038;h=480&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/exoplanet-artists-concepts/Artists_Concept_of_Exoplanets_Orbiting_Barnards_Star__noirlab2510a.tif?w=1024&#038;h=640&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/exoplanet-artists-concepts/Artists_Concept_of_Exoplanets_Orbiting_Barnards_Star__noirlab2510a.tif?w=1536&#038;h=960&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/exoplanet-artists-concepts/Artists_Concept_of_Exoplanets_Orbiting_Barnards_Star__noirlab2510a.tif?w=2048&#038;h=1280&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/exoplanet-artists-concepts/Artists_Concept_of_Exoplanets_Orbiting_Barnards_Star__noirlab2510a.tif?w=400&#038;h=250&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/exoplanet-artists-concepts/Artists_Concept_of_Exoplanets_Orbiting_Barnards_Star__noirlab2510a.tif?w=600&#038;h=375&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/exoplanet-artists-concepts/Artists_Concept_of_Exoplanets_Orbiting_Barnards_Star__noirlab2510a.tif?w=900&#038;h=563&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/exoplanet-artists-concepts/Artists_Concept_of_Exoplanets_Orbiting_Barnards_Star__noirlab2510a.tif?w=1200&#038;h=750&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/exo-explore/exoplanet-artists-concepts/Artists_Concept_of_Exoplanets_Orbiting_Barnards_Star__noirlab2510a.tif?w=2000&#038;h=1250&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 5760px) 100vw, 5760px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  109. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">This artist’s concept pictures the planets orbiting Barnard’s Star, as seen from close to the surface of one of them. </div>
  110. <div class="hds-credits">Image credit: International Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/P. Marenfeld</div>
  111. </figcaption></div>
  112. </div>
  113. </div>
  114. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>The Discovery</strong></h2>
  115. </p>
  116. <p>Four rocky planets much smaller than Earth orbit Barnard’s Star, the next closest to ours after the three-star Alpha Centauri system. Barnard’s is the nearest single star.</p>
  117. </p>
  118. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Key Facts</strong></h2>
  119. </p>
  120. <p>Barnard’s Star, six light-years away, is notorious among astronomers for a history of false planet detections. But with the help of high-precision technology, the latest discovery — a family of four — appears to be solidly confirmed. The tiny size of the planets is also remarkable: Capturing evidence of small worlds at great distance is a tall order, even using state-of-the-art instruments and observational techniques.</p>
  121. </p>
  122. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Details</strong></h2>
  123. </p>
  124. <p>Watching for wobbles in the light from a star is one of the leading methods for detecting exoplanets — planets orbiting other stars. This “radial velocity” technique tracks subtle shifts in the spectrum of starlight caused by the gravity of a planet pulling its star back and forth as the planet orbits. But tiny planets pose a major challenge: the smaller the planet, the smaller the pull. These four are each between about a fifth and a third as massive as Earth. Stars also are known to jitter and quake, creating background “noise” that potentially could swamp the comparatively quiet signals from smaller, orbiting worlds.</p>
  125. <p>Astronomers measure the back-and-forth shifting of starlight in meters per second; in this case the radial velocity signals from all four planets amount to faint whispers — from 0.2 to 0.5 meters per second (a person walks at about 1 meter per second). But the noise from stellar activity is nearly 10 times larger at roughly 2 meters per second.</p>
  126. <p>How to separate planet signals from stellar noise? The astronomers made detailed mathematical models of Barnard’s Star’s quakes and jitters, allowing them to recognize and remove those signals from the data collected from the star.</p>
  127. <p>The new paper confirming the four tiny worlds — labeled b, c, d, and e — relies on data from MAROON-X, an “extreme precision” radial velocity instrument attached to the Gemini Telescope on the Maunakea mountaintop in Hawaii. It confirms the detection of the “b” planet, made with previous data from ESPRESSO, a radial velocity instrument attached to the Very Large Telescope in Chile. And the new work reveals three new sibling planets in the same system.</p>
  128. </p>
  129. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Fun Facts</strong></h2>
  130. </p>
  131. <p>These planets orbit their red-dwarf star much too closely to be habitable. The closest planet’s “year” lasts a little more than two days; for the farthest planet, it’s is just shy of seven days. That likely makes them too hot to support life. Yet their detection bodes well in the search for life beyond Earth. Scientists say small, rocky planets like ours are probably the best places to look for evidence of life as we know it. But so far they’ve been the most difficult to detect and characterize. High-precision radial velocity measurements, combined with more sharply focused techniques for extracting data, could open new windows into habitable, potentially life-bearing worlds.</p>
  132. <p>Barnard’s star was discovered in 1916 by Edward Emerson Barnard, a pioneering astrophotographer.</p>
  133. </p>
  134. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>The Discoverers</strong></h2>
  135. </p>
  136. <p>An international team of scientists led by Ritvik Basant of the University of Chicago published their paper on the discovery, <a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/adb8d5" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">“Four Sub-Earth Planets Orbiting Barnard’s Star from MAROON-X and ESPRESSO,”</a> in the science journal, “The Astrophysical Journal Letters,” in March 2025. The planets were entered into the <a href="https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NASA Exoplanet Archive</a> on March 13, 2025.</p>
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  179. <div class="grid-col-8">Apr 01, 2025</div>
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  188. <ul class="article-tags">
  189. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/exoplanets/" rel="noopener">Exoplanets</a></li>
  190. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/category/universe/exoplanets/exoplanet-detection-methods/radial-velocity/" rel="noopener">Radial Velocity</a></li>
  191. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/category/universe/exoplanets/terrestrial/" rel="noopener">Terrestrial Exoplanets</a></li>
  192. </ul>
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  216. </p></div>
  217. <p> </a><br />
  218. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/exoplanets/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
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  221. <div>
  222. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  223. <span>Exoplanets</span><br />
  224. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  225. </p>
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  236. <span>Search for Life</span><br />
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  238. </p>
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  242. </p></div>
  243. <p> </a><br />
  244. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/exoplanets/exoplanet-catalog/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
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  247. <div>
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  249. <span>Exoplanet Catalog</span><br />
  250. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
  251. </h3>
  252. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">This exoplanet encyclopedia — continuously updated, with more than 5,600 entries — combines interactive 3D models and detailed data on…</p>
  253. </p></div>
  254. </p></div>
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  261. ]]></content:encoded>
  265. </item>
  266. <item>
  267. <title>Sols 4495-4497: Yawn, Perched, and Rollin’</title>
  268. <link>https://science.nasa.gov/blog/sols-4495-4497-yawn-perched-and-rollin/</link>
  270. <dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
  271. <pubDate>Tue, 01 Apr 2025 03:14:00 +0000</pubDate>
  272. <category><![CDATA[Blogs]]></category>
  273. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://science.nasa.gov/blog/sols-4495-4497-yawn-perched-and-rollin/</guid>
  274.  
  275. <description><![CDATA[Written by Natalie Moore, Mission Operations Specialist at Malin Space Science Systems Earth planning date: Friday, March 28, 2025 Womp, womp. Another SRAP (Slip Risk Assessment Process) issue due to wheels being perched on these massive layered sulfate rocks. With our winter power constraints as tight as they are, though, keeping the arm stowed freed […]]]></description>
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  331. <p class="label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0">2 min read</p>
  332. <h1 class="display-48 margin-bottom-2">Sols 4495-4497: Yawn, Perched, and Rollin’</h1>
  333. </div>
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  339. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/march/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04493_soas_rdr_ccam_CR0_796357829PRC_F1141560CCAM03493L1.png?w=1024&#038;h=1024&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="1024" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/march/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04493_soas_rdr_ccam_CR0_796357829PRC_F1141560CCAM03493L1.png?w=1024&#038;h=1024&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A circular grayscale image from the Martian surface is skewed slightly left, so the horizon line runs from about the 8 o’clock position on a clock face to about 2 o’clock. Gritty, gravelly terrain in the foreground leads to a spiky, ragged outcrop with vertical ridges and grooves rising on the horizon." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/march/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04493_soas_rdr_ccam_CR0_796357829PRC_F1141560CCAM03493L1.png?w=1024&#038;h=1024&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/march/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04493_soas_rdr_ccam_CR0_796357829PRC_F1141560CCAM03493L1.png?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 150w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/march/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04493_soas_rdr_ccam_CR0_796357829PRC_F1141560CCAM03493L1.png?w=300&#038;h=300&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/march/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04493_soas_rdr_ccam_CR0_796357829PRC_F1141560CCAM03493L1.png?w=768&#038;h=768&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/march/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04493_soas_rdr_ccam_CR0_796357829PRC_F1141560CCAM03493L1.png?w=50&#038;h=50&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 50w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/march/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04493_soas_rdr_ccam_CR0_796357829PRC_F1141560CCAM03493L1.png?w=100&#038;h=100&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 100w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/march/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04493_soas_rdr_ccam_CR0_796357829PRC_F1141560CCAM03493L1.png?w=200&#038;h=200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 200w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/march/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04493_soas_rdr_ccam_CR0_796357829PRC_F1141560CCAM03493L1.png?w=400&#038;h=400&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/march/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04493_soas_rdr_ccam_CR0_796357829PRC_F1141560CCAM03493L1.png?w=600&#038;h=600&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/march/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04493_soas_rdr_ccam_CR0_796357829PRC_F1141560CCAM03493L1.png?w=900&#038;h=900&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  340. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">NASA’s Mars rover Curiosity acquired this image of the upcoming “boxwork” structures to its west, using its Chemistry &#038; Camera (ChemCam) Remote Micro-Imager (RMI). The ChemCam instrument studies the chemical composition of rocks and soil, using a laser to vaporize materials, then analyze their elemental composition using an on-board spectrograph. The ChemCam RMI is a high-resolution camera atop the rover’s mast. Curiosity captured this image on March 27, 2025 — Sol 4493, or Martian day 4,493 of the Mars Science Laboratory mission — at 15:35:21 UTC.</div>
  341. <div class="hds-credits">NASA/JPL-Caltech/LANL</div>
  342. </figcaption></div>
  343. </div>
  344. </div>
  345. <p>Written by Natalie Moore, Mission Operations Specialist at Malin Space Science Systems</p>
  346. <p>Earth planning date: Friday, March 28, 2025</p>
  347. <p>Womp, womp. Another SRAP (Slip Risk Assessment Process) issue due to wheels being <a href="https://urldefense.us/v3/__https://mars.nasa.gov/raw_images/1450103?site=msl__;!!PvBDto6Hs4WbVuu7!PMJ8uAy_yOx8uLtqcvc02vmX_nGTg4I0lH58Py9o17fAZ1TbaDc82vpcvZoU2--5QAGfysGm5Lo1tgckAg$" rel="noopener">perched</a> on these massive layered sulfate rocks. With our winter power constraints as tight as they are, though, keeping the arm stowed freed up more time to check some lines off our rover’s weekend list. To do: SAM activity to exercise Oven 2 (check!), Navcam 360-degree “phase function” sky movie to monitor scattering of Martian clouds (check!), APXS atmospheric measurements of argon (check!), ChemCam passive sky measurements of oxygen (check!), and a drive of about 50 meters (about 164 feet) to the southwest (check!). Curiosity gets busy on the weekends so us PULs can do some lounging. </p>
  348. <p>On the Mastcam team, we’ve been pretty busy in the layered sulfate unit. The rocks are <a href="https://mars.nasa.gov/raw_images/1447529?site=msl" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">rippled</a>, <a href="https://mars.nasa.gov/raw_images/1447521?site=msl" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">layered</a>, <a href="https://mars.nasa.gov/raw_images/1449717?site=msl" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">fractured</a>, and surrounded by <a href="https://mars.nasa.gov/raw_images/1447879?site=msl" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sandy troughs</a>. Where did it all come from? What current and past processes are at play in this area? This weekend we’re collecting 70 images to help figure that out. ChemCam is helping by collecting chemistry measurements of the lowest block in this <a href="https://mars.nasa.gov/raw_images/1450201?site=msl" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Navcam image</a>, with two targets close by aptly named “Solana Beach” and “Del Mar.” To help conserve power, we’ve been trying to parallelize our activities as much as possible. Recently this means Mastcam has been taking images while ChemCam undergoes “TEC Cooling” to get as cold as possible before using their laser. </p>
  349. <p>We’re all hoping the arm can come back from vacation next week.</p>
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  402. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-blogs/" rel="noopener">Blogs</a></li>
  403. </ul>
  404. </div>
  405. </div></div>
  406. </section></div>
  407. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles">
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  410. <div class="margin-bottom-4">
  411. <h2 style="max-width: 100%;" class="width-full w-full maxw-full">Explore More</h2>
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  416. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
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  419. </p></div>
  420. </p></div>
  421. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
  422. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">3 min read</div>
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  429. <span>Article</span><br />
  430. </span><br />
  431. <span class=""><br />
  432. 4 days ago </span>
  433. </div>
  434. </p></div>
  435. <p> </a>
  436. </div>
  437. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3">
  438. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/blog/sols-4493-4494-just-looking-around/" class="color-carbon-black" rel="noopener"></p>
  439. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
  440. <div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile">
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  442. </p></div>
  443. </p></div>
  444. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
  445. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">2 min read</div>
  446. <div class="margin-bottom-1">
  447. <h3 class="related-article-title">Sols 4493-4494: Just Looking Around</h3>
  448. </div>
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  452. <span>Article</span><br />
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  454. <span class=""><br />
  455. 4 days ago </span>
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  460. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3">
  461. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/blog/sols-4491-4492-classic-field-geology-pose/" class="color-carbon-black" rel="noopener"></p>
  462. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
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  465. </p></div>
  466. </p></div>
  467. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
  468. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">2 min read</div>
  469. <div class="margin-bottom-1">
  470. <h3 class="related-article-title">Sols 4491-4492: Classic Field Geology Pose</h3>
  471. </div>
  472. <div class="display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60">
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  475. <span>Article</span><br />
  476. </span><br />
  477. <span class=""><br />
  478. 5 days ago </span>
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  481. <p> </a>
  482. </div>
  483. </p></div>
  484. </section></div>
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  502. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun, and the seventh largest. It’s the only planet we know of inhabited…</p>
  503. </p></div>
  504. </p></div>
  505. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1536" height="864" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp 1920w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=300,169 300w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=768,432 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=1024,576 1024w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=400,225 400w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=600,338 600w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=900,506 900w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/272_MarsInSight_poster-jpg.webp?resize=1200,675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure>
  506. </p></div>
  507. <p> </a><br />
  508. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mars/resources/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
  509. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  510. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  511. <div>
  512. <h3 class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  513. <span>All Mars Resources</span><br />
  514. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
  515. </h3>
  516. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">Explore this collection of Mars images, videos, resources, PDFs, and toolkits. Discover valuable content designed to inform, educate, and inspire,…</p>
  517. </p></div>
  518. </p></div>
  519. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1200" height="792" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/mars/resources/detail_files/2/5/25757_1-PIA24543-Curiositys-Selfie-at-Mont-Mercou-main-web.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=792&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" /></figure>
  520. </p></div>
  521. <p> </a><br />
  522. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/planetary-science/programs/mars-exploration/rover-basics/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
  523. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  524. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  525. <div>
  526. <h3 class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  527. <span>Rover Basics</span><br />
  528. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
  529. </h3>
  530. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">Each robotic explorer sent to the Red Planet has its own unique capabilities driven by science. Many attributes of a…</p>
  531. </p></div>
  532. </p></div>
  533. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1197" height="1499" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?w=1197" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png 1197w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=240,300 240w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=768,962 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=818,1024 818w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=319,400 319w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=479,600 479w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=719,900 719w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/mars-perseverance-si1-0045-0670932474-015ecm-n0031416srlc07021-000085j-e1720460405906.png?resize=958,1200 958w" sizes="(max-width: 1197px) 100vw, 1197px" /></figure>
  534. </p></div>
  535. <p> </a><br />
  536. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/planetary-science/programs/mars-exploration/science-goals/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
  537. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  538. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  539. <div>
  540. <h3 class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  541. <span>Mars Exploration: Science Goals</span><br />
  542. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
  543. </h3>
  544. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">The key to understanding the past, present or future potential for life on Mars can be found in NASA’s four…</p>
  545. </p></div>
  546. </p></div>
  547. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1600" height="900" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=1600&#038;h=900&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=1600&#038;h=900&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=1024&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=1536&#038;h=864&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=600&#038;h=338&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/07/Color-enhanced_view_of_Jezero_crater_on_Mars.jpeg?w=1200&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px" /></figure>
  548. </p></div>
  549. <p> </a>
  550. </div>
  551. </p></div>
  552. </p></div>
  553. ]]></content:encoded>
  557. </item>
  558. <item>
  559. <title>ARMD Solicitations (ULI Proposals Invited)</title>
  560. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/armd-solicitations/</link>
  562. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Jim Banke]]></dc:creator>
  563. <pubDate>Tue, 01 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
  564. <category><![CDATA[Aeronautics]]></category>
  565. <category><![CDATA[Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate]]></category>
  566. <category><![CDATA[For Colleges & Universities]]></category>
  567. <category><![CDATA[Learning Resources]]></category>
  568. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?p=198369</guid>
  569.  
  570. <description><![CDATA[This ARMD solicitations page compiles the opportunities to collaborate with NASA’s aeronautical innovators and/or contribute to their research to enable new and improved air transportation systems. A summary of available opportunities with key dates requiring action are listed first. More information about each opportunity is detailed lower on this page. University Leadership InitiativeStep-A proposals due [&#8230;]]]></description>
  571. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro"><div class="width-full maxw-full article-header"><div class="margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full"><p class="label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0">7 min read</p><h1 class="display-48 margin-bottom-2">Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)</h1></div></div></div>
  572.  
  573. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/aero-research-opp-072024.jpg"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="2048" height="1154" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/aero-research-opp-072024.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A graphic showing various airplanes over a sun-drenched New York City skyline. with the words &quot;Aeronautics Research Opportunities&quot; overlaid on top." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 23% 61%; object-position: 23% 61%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/aero-research-opp-072024.jpg 4098w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/aero-research-opp-072024.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/aero-research-opp-072024.jpg?resize=768,433 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/aero-research-opp-072024.jpg?resize=1024,577 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/aero-research-opp-072024.jpg?resize=1536,865 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/aero-research-opp-072024.jpg?resize=2048,1154 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/aero-research-opp-072024.jpg?resize=400,225 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/aero-research-opp-072024.jpg?resize=600,338 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/aero-research-opp-072024.jpg?resize=900,507 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/aero-research-opp-072024.jpg?resize=1200,676 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/aero-research-opp-072024.jpg?resize=2000,1127 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" loading="eager" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-credits">NASA / Lillian Gipson/Getty Images</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  574.  
  575.  
  576. <p>This ARMD solicitations page compiles the opportunities to collaborate with NASA’s aeronautical innovators and/or contribute to their research to enable new and improved air transportation systems. A summary of available opportunities with key dates requiring action are listed first. More information about each opportunity is detailed lower on this page.</p>
  577.  
  578.  
  579.  
  580. <p><strong>University Leadership Initiative</strong><br>Step-A proposals due by June 26, 2025.</p>
  581.  
  582.  
  583.  
  584. <p><strong>University Student Research Challenge</strong><br>Proposals for Cycle 3 are due by June 26, 2025.</p>
  585.  
  586.  
  587.  
  588. <div style="height:50px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
  589.  
  590.  
  591.  
  592. <h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="acero"><strong>Advanced Capabilities for Emergency Response Operations</strong></h3>
  593.  
  594.  
  595.  
  596. <p><strong>GENERAL ANNOUNCEMENT OF REQUEST FOR INFORMATION</strong></p>
  597.  
  598.  
  599.  
  600. <p>Advanced Capabilities for Emergency Response Operations is using this request for information to identify technologies that address current challenges facing the wildland firefighting community. NASA is seeking information on data collection, airborne connectivity and communications solutions, unmanned aircraft systems traffic management, aircraft operations and autonomy, and more. This will support development of a partnership strategy for future collaborative demonstrations.</p>
  601.  
  602.  
  603.  
  604. <p>Interested parties were requested to respond to this notice with an information package no later than 4 pm ET, October 15, 2023, that shall be submitted via <a href="https://nari.arc.nasa.gov/acero-rfi" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://nari.arc.nasa.gov/acero-rfi</a>. Any proprietary information must be clearly marked. Submissions will be accepted only from United States companies.</p>
  605.  
  606.  
  607.  
  608. <p><a href="https://sam.gov/opp/2ed085a4edae4ee6b0d3d641677496df/view" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the full RFI Announcement here</a><a href="https://sam.gov/opp/2ed085a4edae4ee6b0d3d641677496df/view" rel="noopener">.</a></p>
  609.  
  610.  
  611.  
  612. <div style="height:50px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
  613.  
  614.  
  615.  
  616. <h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="aam"><strong>Advanced Air Mobility Mission</strong></h3>
  617.  
  618.  
  619.  
  620. <p><strong>GENERAL ADVANCED AIR MOBILITY<br>ANNOUNCEMENT OF REQUEST FOR INFORMATION</strong><br>This request for information (RFI) is being used to gather market research for NASA to make informed decisions regarding potential partnership strategies and future research to enable Advanced Air Mobility (AAM). NASA is seeking information from public, private, and academic organizations to determine technical needs and community interests that may lead to future solicitations regarding AAM research and development. </p>
  621.  
  622.  
  623.  
  624. <p>This particular RFI is just one avenue of multiple planned opportunities for formal feedback on or participation in NASA’s AAM Mission-related efforts to develop these requirements and help enable AAM.&nbsp;</p>
  625.  
  626.  
  627.  
  628. <p><strong>The respond by date for this RFI closed on Feb. 1, 2025, at 6 p.m. EST.</strong></p>
  629.  
  630.  
  631.  
  632. <p><a href="https://sam.gov/opp/e9a9f0867738451c8d85e3adba55a86a/view" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the full RFI announcement here</a><a href="https://sam.gov/opp/e9a9f0867738451c8d85e3adba55a86a/view" rel="noopener">.</a></p>
  633.  
  634.  
  635.  
  636. <div style="height:50px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
  637.  
  638.  
  639.  
  640. <h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="nroa"><strong><strong>NASA Research Opportunities in Aeronautics</strong></strong></h3>
  641.  
  642.  
  643.  
  644. <p>NASA’s&nbsp;Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD)&nbsp;uses the NASA Research Announcement (NRA) process to solicit proposals for foundational research in areas where ARMD seeks to enhance its core capabilities.</p>
  645.  
  646.  
  647.  
  648. <p>Competition for NRA awards is open to both academia and industry.</p>
  649.  
  650.  
  651.  
  652. <p>The current open solicitation for ARMD Research Opportunities is <a href="https://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/solicitations/summary!init.do?solId=%7b8FEF8FEA-8C70-0880-5093-84B075E98023%7d&amp;path=open" rel="noopener">ROA-2023</a> and <a href="https://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/solicitations/summary!init.do?solId=%7bCD0E90F9-A540-10C4-8E5E-B0EC0FA18298%7d&amp;path=open" rel="noopener">ROA-2024</a>.</p>
  653.  
  654.  
  655.  
  656. <p>Here is some general information to know about the NRA process.</p>
  657.  
  658.  
  659.  
  660. <ul class="wp-block-list">
  661. <li>NRA solicitations are released by NASA Headquarters through the Web-based NASA Solicitation and Proposal Integrated Review and Evaluation System (<a href="https://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/index.do" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NSPIRES</a>). </li>
  662.  
  663.  
  664.  
  665. <li>All NRA technical work is defined and managed by project teams within these four programs:&nbsp;Advanced Air Vehicles Program,&nbsp;Airspace Operations and Safety Program,&nbsp;Integrated Aviation Systems Program, and&nbsp;Transformative Aeronautics Concepts Program.</li>
  666.  
  667.  
  668.  
  669. <li>NRA awards originate from NASA’s&nbsp;Langley Research Center&nbsp;in Virginia,&nbsp;Ames Research Center&nbsp;in California,&nbsp;Glenn Research Center&nbsp;in Cleveland, and&nbsp;Armstrong Flight Research Center&nbsp;in California.</li>
  670.  
  671.  
  672.  
  673. <li>Competition for NRA awards is full and open.</li>
  674.  
  675.  
  676.  
  677. <li>Participation is open to all categories of organizations, including educational institutions, industry, and nonprofits.</li>
  678.  
  679.  
  680.  
  681. <li>Any updates or amendments to an NRA is posted on the appropriate NSPIRES web pages as noted in the Amendments detailed below.</li>
  682.  
  683.  
  684.  
  685. <li>ARMD sends notifications of NRA updates through the NSPIRES email system. In order to receive these&nbsp;email notifications, you must be a Registered User of NSPIRES. However, note that NASA is not responsible for inadvertently failing to provide notification of a future NRA. Parties are responsible for regularly checking the NSPIRES website for updated NRAs.</li>
  686. </ul>
  687.  
  688.  
  689.  
  690. <div style="height:50px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
  691.  
  692.  
  693.  
  694. <h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="roa-2024"><strong>ROA-2024 NRA Amendments</strong></h3>
  695.  
  696.  
  697.  
  698. <div style="height:25px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
  699.  
  700.  
  701.  
  702. <p><strong>Amendment 1</strong></p>
  703.  
  704.  
  705.  
  706. <p><a href="https://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/viewrepositorydocument?cmdocumentid=985956&amp;solicitationId=%7bCD0E90F9-A540-10C4-8E5E-B0EC0FA18298%7d&amp;viewSolicitationDocument=1" rel="noopener">(Full text here.)</a></p>
  707.  
  708.  
  709.  
  710. <p>Amendment 1 to the NASA ARMD Research Opportunities in Aeronautics (ROA) 2024 NRA has been posted on the NSPIRES web site at <a href="https://nspires.nasaprs.com/" rel="noopener">https://nspires.nasaprs.com</a>.</p>
  711.  
  712.  
  713.  
  714. <p>The announcement solicits proposals from accredited U.S. institutions for research training grants to begin the academic year. This NOFO is designed to support independently conceived research projects by highly qualified graduate students, in disciplines needed to help advance NASA’s mission, thus affording these students the opportunity to directly contribute to advancements in STEM-related areas of study. AAVP Fellowship Opportunities are focused on innovation and the generation of measurable research results that contribute to NASA’s current and future science and technology goals.</p>
  715.  
  716.  
  717.  
  718. <p>Research proposals are sought to address key challenges provided in Elements of Appendix A.8.</p>
  719.  
  720.  
  721.  
  722. <p>Notices of Intent (NOIs) are not required.</p>
  723.  
  724.  
  725.  
  726. <p>A budget breakdown for each proposal is required, detailing the allocation of the award funds by year. The budget document may adhere to any format or template provided by the applicant&#8217;s institution.</p>
  727.  
  728.  
  729.  
  730. <p></p>
  731.  
  732.  
  733.  
  734. <p><strong>Proposals were due by April 30, 2024, at 5 PM ET.</strong></p>
  735.  
  736.  
  737.  
  738. <div style="height:50px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
  739.  
  740.  
  741.  
  742. <p><strong>Amendment 2</strong><br><strong>UPDATED ON MARCH 31, 2025</strong></p>
  743.  
  744.  
  745.  
  746. <p><a href="https://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/viewrepositorydocument?cmdocumentid=985957&amp;solicitationId=%7bCD0E90F9-A540-10C4-8E5E-B0EC0FA18298%7d&amp;viewSolicitationDocument=1" rel="noopener">(Full text here.)</a></p>
  747.  
  748.  
  749.  
  750. <p>University Leadership Initiative (ULI) provides the opportunity for university teams to exercise technical and organizational leadership in proposing unique technical challenges in aeronautics, defining multi-disciplinary solutions, establishing peer review mechanisms, and applying innovative teaming strategies to strengthen the research impact.</p>
  751.  
  752.  
  753.  
  754. <p>Research proposals are sought in six ULI topic areas in Appendix D.4.</p>
  755.  
  756.  
  757.  
  758. <p>Topic 1: Safe, Efficient Growth in Global Operations (Strategic Thrust 1)</p>
  759.  
  760.  
  761.  
  762. <p>Topic 2: Innovation in Commercial High-Speed Aircraft (Strategic Thrust 2)</p>
  763.  
  764.  
  765.  
  766. <p>Topic 3: Ultra-Efficient Subsonic Transports (Strategic Thrust 3)</p>
  767.  
  768.  
  769.  
  770. <p>Topic 4: Safe, Quiet, and Affordable Vertical Lift Air Vehicles (Strategic Thrust 4)</p>
  771.  
  772.  
  773.  
  774. <p>Topic 5: In-Time System-Wide Safety Assurance (Strategic Thrust 5)</p>
  775.  
  776.  
  777.  
  778. <p>Topic 6: Assured Autonomy for Aviation Transformation (Strategic Thrust 6)</p>
  779.  
  780.  
  781.  
  782. <p>This NRA will utilize a two-step proposal submission and evaluation process. The initial step is a short <strong>mandatory Step-A proposal, which is due June 26, 2025</strong>. Those offerors submitting the most highly rated Step-A proposals will be invited to submit a Step-B proposal. All proposals must be submitted electronically through NSPIRES at <a href="https://nspires.nasaprs.com/" rel="noopener">https://nspires.nasaprs.com</a>. An Applicant’s Workshop will be held on Thursday April 30, 2025; 1:00-3:00 p.m. ET (<a href="https://uli.arc.nasa.gov/applicants-workshops/workshop9" rel="noopener">https://uli.arc.nasa.gov/applicants-workshops/workshop9</a>) (Page will be live closer to the event.)</p>
  783.  
  784.  
  785.  
  786. <p>An interested partners list for this ULI is at <a href="https://uli.arc.nasa.gov/partners" rel="noopener">https://uli.arc.nasa.gov/partners</a>. To be listed as an interested lead or partner, please send electronic mail to <a href="mailto:hq-univpartnerships@mail.nasa.gov">hq-univpartnerships@mail.nasa.gov</a> with &#8220;ULI Partnerships&#8221; in the subject line and include the information required for the table in that web page.</p>
  787.  
  788.  
  789.  
  790. <div style="height:50px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
  791.  
  792.  
  793.  
  794. <p><strong>Amendment 3</strong></p>
  795.  
  796.  
  797.  
  798. <p><a href="https://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/viewrepositorydocument/cmdocumentid=992037/solicitationId=%7BCD0E90F9-A540-10C4-8E5E-B0EC0FA18298%7D/viewSolicitationDocument=1/2.%20Front%20End%20ROA-%202024%20Amendment%203%20(44p).pdf" rel="noopener">(Full text here)</a></p>
  799.  
  800.  
  801.  
  802. <p>Commercial Supersonic Technology seeks proposals for a fuel injector design concept and fabrication for testing at NASA Glenn Research Center.</p>
  803.  
  804.  
  805.  
  806. <p>The proposal for the fuel injector design aims to establish current state-of-the-art in low NOx supersonic cruise while meeting reasonable landing take-off NOx emissions. The technology application timeline is targeted for a supersonic aircraft with entry into service in the 2035+ timeframe.</p>
  807.  
  808.  
  809.  
  810. <p>These efforts are in alignment with activities in the NASA Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate as outlined in the NASA Aeronautics Strategic Implementation Plan, specifically Strategic Thrust 2: Innovation in Commercial High-Speed Aircraft.</p>
  811.  
  812.  
  813.  
  814. <p><strong>Proposals were due by May 31, 2024 at 5 pm EDT.</strong></p>
  815.  
  816.  
  817.  
  818. <div style="height:50px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
  819.  
  820.  
  821.  
  822. <h6 class="wp-block-heading" id="usrc-solicitation"></h6>
  823.  
  824.  
  825.  
  826. <p id="usrcsolicitation"><strong>Amendment 4</strong><br><strong>UPDATED ON JANUARY 16, 2025</strong></p>
  827.  
  828.  
  829.  
  830. <p><a href="https://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/viewrepositorydocument/cmdocumentid=1024937/solicitationId=%7BCD0E90F9-A540-10C4-8E5E-B0EC0FA18298%7D/viewSolicitationDocument=1/2.%20Front%20End%20ROA-%202024%20Amendment%204_44pp.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/viewrepositorydocument/cmdocumentid=1024937/solicitationId=%7BCD0E90F9-A540-10C4-8E5E-B0EC0FA18298%7D/viewSolicitationDocument=1/2.%20Front%20End%20ROA-%202024%20Amendment%204_44pp.pdf" rel="noopener">(Full text here)</a></p>
  831.  
  832.  
  833.  
  834. <p>University Student Research Challenge seeks to challenge students to propose new ideas/concepts that are relevant to NASA Aeronautics.&nbsp; USRC will provide students, from accredited U.S. colleges or universities, with grants for their projects and with the challenge of raising cost share funds through a crowdfunding campaign.&nbsp; The process of creating and implementing a crowdfunding campaign acts as a teaching accelerator &#8211; requiring students to act like entrepreneurs and raise awareness about their research among the public.</p>
  835.  
  836.  
  837.  
  838. <p>The solicitation goal can be accomplished through project ideas such as advancing the design, developing technology or capabilities in support of aviation, by demonstrating a novel concept, or enabling advancement of aeronautics-related technologies.</p>
  839.  
  840.  
  841.  
  842. <p>Notices of Intent are not required for this solicitation.</p>
  843.  
  844.  
  845.  
  846. <p><strong>Proposals for Cycle 3 are due June 26, 2025</strong>.</p>
  847.  
  848.  
  849.  
  850. <p>Proposals can also be submitted later and evaluated in the second and third cycles.</p>
  851.  
  852.  
  853.  
  854. <p>The USRC Q&amp;A/Info Session and Proposal Workshop will be held on the days/times below. Please join us on TEAMS using the <a href="https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/ap/t-59584e83/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fteams.microsoft.com%2Fl%2Fmeetup-join%2F19%253ameeting_N2NlY2ZkNTgtMzkyYi00NWI5LWI3MjItNGJmNjQ2Y2UwNDQz%2540thread.v2%2F0%3Fcontext%3D%257b%2522Tid%2522%253a%25227005d458-45be-48ae-8140-d43da96dd17b%2522%252c%2522Oid%2522%253a%2522831a92f6-eb15-4049-a85e-5a2b0f7a90c7%2522%257d&amp;data=05%7C02%7Cjim.banke%40nasa.gov%7C8843efe01beb48e936e908dcd9b15d51%7C7005d45845be48ae8140d43da96dd17b%7C0%7C0%7C638624603127369317%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&amp;sdata=%2BOyPSxgdp3q%2FbqT7UGn%2F08PB%2Fb6ribPts8hdhumxIBE%3D&amp;reserved=0" rel="noopener">Meeting Link</a>, or call in via <a href="tel:+12567159946,,317928116">+1 256-715-9946,,317928116#</a>.</p>
  855.  
  856.  
  857.  
  858. <figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>USRC Cycle</strong></td><td><strong>Information Session/Q&amp;A Date</strong></td><td><strong>Proposal Due Date</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Cycle 1</td><td>Sept. 20, 2024 at 2 pm ET</td><td>Nov. 7, 2024</td></tr><tr><td>Cycle 2</td><td>Jan. 27, 2025 at 2 pm ET</td><td>March 13, 2025</td></tr><tr><td>Cycle 3</td><td>May 12, 2024 at 2 pm ET</td><td>June 26, 2025</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
  859.  
  860.  
  861.  
  862. <div style="height:50px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
  863.  
  864.  
  865.  
  866. <div style="height:25px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
  867.  
  868.  
  869. <div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards"> <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0">
  870. <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3">
  871. <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  872. <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div>
  873. <h2 class="heading-36 line-height-sm">See More About NASA Aeronautics</h2>
  874. </div>
  875. </div>
  876. <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper">
  877. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/armd/aeronautics-stem/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  878. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  879. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  880. <div>
  881. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  882. <span>Aeronautics STEM</span>
  883. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  884. </p>
  885. </div>
  886. </div>
  887. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="610" height="930" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/aero-stem-topic-card.jpg?w=610" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/aero-stem-topic-card.jpg 610w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/aero-stem-topic-card.jpg?resize=197,300 197w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/aero-stem-topic-card.jpg?resize=262,400 262w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/aero-stem-topic-card.jpg?resize=394,600 394w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/aero-stem-topic-card.jpg?resize=590,900 590w" sizes="(max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px" /></figure> </div>
  888. </a>
  889. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/armd/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  890. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  891. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  892. <div>
  893. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  894. <span>Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate</span>
  895. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  896. </p>
  897. </div>
  898. </div>
  899. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="610" height="930" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/armd-topic-card.jpg?w=610" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/armd-topic-card.jpg 610w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/armd-topic-card.jpg?resize=197,300 197w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/armd-topic-card.jpg?resize=262,400 262w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/armd-topic-card.jpg?resize=394,600 394w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/armd-topic-card.jpg?resize=590,900 590w" sizes="(max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px" /></figure> </div>
  900. </a>
  901. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/the-national-advisory-committee-for-aeronautics-naca/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  902. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  903. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  904. <div>
  905. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  906. <span>The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA)</span>
  907. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  908. </p>
  909. </div>
  910. </div>
  911. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1041" height="815" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/400423main_E-1152_full_full.jpg?w=1041" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/400423main_E-1152_full_full.jpg 1041w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/400423main_E-1152_full_full.jpg?resize=300,235 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/400423main_E-1152_full_full.jpg?resize=768,601 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/400423main_E-1152_full_full.jpg?resize=1024,802 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/400423main_E-1152_full_full.jpg?resize=400,313 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/400423main_E-1152_full_full.jpg?resize=600,470 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/400423main_E-1152_full_full.jpg?resize=900,705 900w" sizes="(max-width: 1041px) 100vw, 1041px" /></figure> </div>
  912. </a>
  913. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/es/aero/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  914. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  915. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  916. <div>
  917. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  918. <span>Aeronáutica en español</span>
  919. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  920. </p>
  921. </div>
  922. </div>
  923. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1536" height="1187" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2016_Aero_Campaign_letter_sized_crop.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2016_Aero_Campaign_letter_sized_crop.jpg 1553w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2016_Aero_Campaign_letter_sized_crop.jpg?resize=300,232 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2016_Aero_Campaign_letter_sized_crop.jpg?resize=768,593 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2016_Aero_Campaign_letter_sized_crop.jpg?resize=1024,791 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2016_Aero_Campaign_letter_sized_crop.jpg?resize=1536,1187 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2016_Aero_Campaign_letter_sized_crop.jpg?resize=400,309 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2016_Aero_Campaign_letter_sized_crop.jpg?resize=600,464 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2016_Aero_Campaign_letter_sized_crop.jpg?resize=900,695 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2016_Aero_Campaign_letter_sized_crop.jpg?resize=1200,927 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure> </div>
  924. </a>
  925. </div>
  926. </div>
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  963. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  964. <div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black">
  965. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
  966. <h2 class="heading-14">Details</h2>
  967. </div>
  968. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3">
  969. <div class="grid-col-4">
  970. <div class="subheading">Last Updated</div>
  971. </div>
  972. <div class="grid-col-8">Mar 31, 2025</div>
  973. </div>
  974. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3"><div class="grid-col-4"><div class="subheading">Editor</div></div><div class="grid-col-8">Jim Banke</div></div><div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3"><div class="grid-col-4"><div class="subheading">Contact</div></div><div class="grid-col-8"><div class="margin-bottom-3"><div>Jim Banke</div><div><a href="mailto:jim&#46;&#98;&#97;nk&#101;&#64;&#110;a&#115;&#97;.go&#118;">j&#105;m.&#98;&#97;&#110;&#107;&#101;&#64;nasa.g&#111;&#118;</a></div></div></div></div> </div>
  975. </div>
  976. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0"><div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black "><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h2 class="heading-14">Related Terms</h2></div><ul class="article-tags"><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/">Aeronautics</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics-research-mission-directorate/">Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/colleges-and-universities/">For Colleges &amp; Universities</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/">Learning Resources</a></li></ul></div></div>
  977. </div>
  978. </section>
  979. </div>]]></content:encoded>
  983. </item>
  984. <item>
  985. <title>NASA Trains for Orion Water Recovery Ahead of Artemis II Launch</title>
  986. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/missions/nasa-trains-for-orion-water-recovery-ahead-of-artemis-ii-launch/</link>
  988. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Elyna Niles-Carnes]]></dc:creator>
  989. <pubDate>Mon, 31 Mar 2025 21:28:03 +0000</pubDate>
  990. <category><![CDATA[Missions]]></category>
  991. <category><![CDATA[Artemis 2]]></category>
  992. <category><![CDATA[Exploration Ground Systems]]></category>
  993. <category><![CDATA[Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate]]></category>
  994. <category><![CDATA[Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle]]></category>
  995. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?p=842642</guid>
  996.  
  997. <description><![CDATA[Preparations for NASA’s next Artemis flight recently took to the seas as a joint NASA and Department of Defense team, led by NASA’s&#160;Exploration Ground Systems Program, spent a week aboard the USS Somerset off the coast of California practicing procedures for recovering the Artemis II spacecraft and crew. Following successful completion of Underway Recovery Test-12 [&#8230;]]]></description>
  998. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro"><div class="width-full maxw-full article-header"><div class="margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full"><p class="label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0">4 min read</p><h1 class="display-48 margin-bottom-2">Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)</h1></div></div></div>
  999.  
  1000. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503290067/NHQ202503290067~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1364&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1920" height="1364" src="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503290067/NHQ202503290067~large.jpg?w=1920&amp;h=1364&amp;fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503290067/NHQ202503290067~large.jpg?w=1920&amp;h=1364&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503290067/NHQ202503290067~large.jpg?w=300&amp;h=213&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503290067/NHQ202503290067~large.jpg?w=768&amp;h=546&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503290067/NHQ202503290067~large.jpg?w=1024&amp;h=727&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503290067/NHQ202503290067~large.jpg?w=1536&amp;h=1091&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503290067/NHQ202503290067~large.jpg?w=400&amp;h=284&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503290067/NHQ202503290067~large.jpg?w=600&amp;h=426&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503290067/NHQ202503290067~large.jpg?w=900&amp;h=639&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503290067/NHQ202503290067~large.jpg?w=1200&amp;h=853&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">The Crew Module Test Article (CMTA), a full scale mockup of the Orion spacecraft, is seen in the Pacific Ocean as teams practice Artemis recovery operations during Underway Recovery Test-12 onboard USS Somerset off the coast of California, Saturday, March 29, 2025. </div><div class="hds-credits">NASA/Bill Ingalls</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  1001.  
  1002.  
  1003. <p>Preparations for NASA’s next Artemis flight recently took to the seas as a joint NASA and Department of Defense team, led by NASA’s&nbsp;Exploration Ground Systems Program, spent a week aboard the USS Somerset off the coast of California practicing procedures for recovering the Artemis II spacecraft and crew.</p>
  1004.  
  1005.  
  1006.  
  1007. <p>Following successful completion of Underway Recovery Test-12 (URT-12) on Monday, <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/exploration-ground-systems/orion-recovery/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NASA’s Landing and Recovery team</a> and their Defense Department counterparts are certified to recover the Orion spacecraft as part of the upcoming <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission/artemis-ii/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Artemis II</a> test flight that will send NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, and Christina Koch, as well as CSA (Canadian Space Agency) astronaut Jeremy Hansen, on a 10-day journey around the Moon.  </p>
  1008.  
  1009.  
  1010.  
  1011. <p>“This will be NASA’s first crewed mission to the Moon under the Artemis program,” said Lili Villarreal, the landing and recovery director for Artemis II. “A lot of practice led up to this week’s event, and seeing everything come together at sea gives me great confidence that the air, water, ground, and medical support teams are ready to safely recover the spacecraft and the crew for this historic mission.”</p>
  1012.  
  1013.  
  1014. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270050/NHQ202503270050~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1044&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1920" height="1044" src="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270050/NHQ202503270050~large.jpg?w=1920&amp;h=1044&amp;fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Image shows Orion spacecraft replica in Pacific Ocean" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270050/NHQ202503270050~large.jpg?w=1920&amp;h=1044&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270050/NHQ202503270050~large.jpg?w=300&amp;h=163&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270050/NHQ202503270050~large.jpg?w=768&amp;h=418&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270050/NHQ202503270050~large.jpg?w=1024&amp;h=557&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270050/NHQ202503270050~large.jpg?w=1536&amp;h=835&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270050/NHQ202503270050~large.jpg?w=400&amp;h=218&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270050/NHQ202503270050~large.jpg?w=600&amp;h=326&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270050/NHQ202503270050~large.jpg?w=900&amp;h=489&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270050/NHQ202503270050~large.jpg?w=1200&amp;h=653&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">A wave breaks inside the well deck of USS Somerset as teams work to recover the Crew Module Test Article (CMTA), a full scale replica of the Orion spacecraft, as they practice Artemis recovery operations during Underway Recovery Test-12 off the coast of California, Thursday, March 27, 2025.</div><div class="hds-credits">NASA/Joel Kowsky</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  1015.  
  1016.  
  1017. <p>Once Orion reenters Earth’s atmosphere, the capsule will keep the <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/our-artemis-crew/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">crew</a> safe as it slows from nearly 25,000 mph to about 325 mph. Then its system of 11 parachutes will deploy in a precise sequence to slow the capsule and crew to a relatively gentle 20 mph for splashdown off the coast of California. From the time it enters Earth’s atmosphere, the Artemis II spacecraft will fly 1,775 nautical miles to its landing spot in the Pacific Ocean. This direct approach allows NASA to control the amount of time the spacecraft will spend in extremely high temperature ranges.</p>
  1018.  
  1019.  
  1020.  
  1021. <p>The Artemis II astronauts trained during <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/artemis/artemis-2/splashdown-101-joint-team-to-recover-crew-orion-after-moon-missions/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">URT-11</a> in February 2024, when they donned Orion Crew Survival System suits and practiced a range of recovery operations at sea using the Crew Module Test Article, a stand -in for their spacecraft.</p>
  1022.  
  1023.  
  1024.  
  1025. <p>For the 12th training exercise, NASA astronauts Deniz Burnham and Andre Douglas, along with ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Luca Parmitano, did the same, moving from the simulated crew module to USS Somerset, with helicopters, a team of Navy divers in small boats, NASA’s <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/former-navy-diver-makes-a-splash-for-artemis" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">open water lead</a> – a technical expert and lead design engineer for all open water operations – as well as Navy and NASA medical teams rehearsing different recovery scenarios.</p>
  1026.  
  1027.  
  1028. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270034/NHQ202503270034~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1195&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1920" height="1195" src="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270034/NHQ202503270034~large.jpg?w=1920&amp;h=1195&amp;fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Image shows astronauts in orange suits completing a mock training" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270034/NHQ202503270034~large.jpg?w=1920&amp;h=1195&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270034/NHQ202503270034~large.jpg?w=300&amp;h=187&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270034/NHQ202503270034~large.jpg?w=768&amp;h=478&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270034/NHQ202503270034~large.jpg?w=1024&amp;h=637&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270034/NHQ202503270034~large.jpg?w=1536&amp;h=956&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270034/NHQ202503270034~large.jpg?w=400&amp;h=249&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270034/NHQ202503270034~large.jpg?w=600&amp;h=373&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270034/NHQ202503270034~large.jpg?w=900&amp;h=560&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270034/NHQ202503270034~large.jpg?w=1200&amp;h=747&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Grant Bruner, left, and Gary Kirkendall, right, Orion suit technicians, are seen with ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Luca Parmitano, second from left, and NASA astronauts Deniz Burnham, center, and Andre Douglas, as they prepare to take part in Artemis recovery operations as part of Underway Recovery Test-12 onboard USS Somerset off the coast of California, Thursday, March 27, 2025. </div><div class="hds-credits">NASA/Joel Kowsky</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  1029.  
  1030.  
  1031. <p>“Allowing astronauts to participate when they are not directly involved in a mission gives them valuable experience by exposing them to a lot of different scenarios,” said Glover, who will pilot Artemis II. “Learning about different systems and working with ground control teams also broadens their skillsets and prepares them for future roles. It also allows astronauts like me who are assigned to the mission to experience other roles – in this case, I am serving in the role of Joe Acaba, Chief of the Astronaut Office.” </p>
  1032.  
  1033.  
  1034. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503280064/NHQ202503280064~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1280&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1920" height="1280" src="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503280064/NHQ202503280064~large.jpg?w=1920&amp;h=1280&amp;fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Image shows astronauts speaking to one another during mock training" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503280064/NHQ202503280064~large.jpg?w=1920&amp;h=1280&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503280064/NHQ202503280064~large.jpg?w=300&amp;h=200&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503280064/NHQ202503280064~large.jpg?w=768&amp;h=512&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503280064/NHQ202503280064~large.jpg?w=1024&amp;h=683&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503280064/NHQ202503280064~large.jpg?w=1536&amp;h=1024&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503280064/NHQ202503280064~large.jpg?w=400&amp;h=267&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503280064/NHQ202503280064~large.jpg?w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503280064/NHQ202503280064~large.jpg?w=900&amp;h=600&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503280064/NHQ202503280064~large.jpg?w=1200&amp;h=800&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">NASA astronaut and Artemis II pilot Victor Glover, right, speaks to NASA astronauts Andre Douglas and Deniz Burnham as they prepare to take part in practicing Artemis recovery procedures during Underway Recovery Test-12 onboard USS Somerset off the coast of California, Friday, March 28, 2025.</div><div class="hds-credits">NASA/Joel Kowsky</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  1035.  
  1036. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270020/NHQ202503270020~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1282&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1920" height="1282" src="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270020/NHQ202503270020~large.jpg?w=1920&amp;h=1282&amp;fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Image shows a man giving a thumbs up to a woman in an orange astronaut suit" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270020/NHQ202503270020~large.jpg?w=1920&amp;h=1282&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270020/NHQ202503270020~large.jpg?w=300&amp;h=200&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270020/NHQ202503270020~large.jpg?w=768&amp;h=513&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270020/NHQ202503270020~large.jpg?w=1024&amp;h=684&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270020/NHQ202503270020~large.jpg?w=1536&amp;h=1026&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270020/NHQ202503270020~large.jpg?w=400&amp;h=267&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270020/NHQ202503270020~large.jpg?w=600&amp;h=401&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270020/NHQ202503270020~large.jpg?w=900&amp;h=601&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/NHQ202503270020/NHQ202503270020~large.jpg?w=1200&amp;h=801&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">NASA astronaut Deniz Burnham smiles after landing in a Navy helicopter onboard USS Somerset during Underway Recovery Test-12 off the coast of California, Thursday, March 27, 2025.</div><div class="hds-credits">NASA/Bill Ingalls</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  1037.  
  1038.  
  1039. <p>As the astronauts arrive safely at the ship for medical checkouts, recovery teams focus on returning the spacecraft and its auxiliary ground support hardware to the amphibious transport dock.</p>
  1040.  
  1041.  
  1042.  
  1043. <p>Navy divers attach a connection collar to the spacecraft and an additional line to a pneumatic winch inside the USS Somerset’s well deck, allowing joint NASA and Navy teams to tow Orion toward the ship. A team of sailors and NASA recovery personnel inside the ship manually pull some of the lines to help align Orion with its stand, which will secure the spacecraft for its trip to the shore. Following a safe and precise recovery, sailors will drain the well deck of water, and the ship will make its way back to Naval Base San Diego.</p>
  1044.  
  1045.  
  1046.  
  1047. <p>The Artemis II test flight will confirm the foundational systems and hardware needed for human deep space exploration, taking another step toward missions on the lunar surface and helping the agency prepare for human missions to Mars.</p>
  1048.  
  1049.  
  1050. <div id="" class="hds-about-the-author nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-6 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-about-the-author"><div class="grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-x-0 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black padding-top-3"><div class="margin-bottom-4"><h3 class="heading-14">About the Author</h3></div></div><div class="grid-row grid-container padding-x-0 maxw-widescreen"><div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-9"><div class="grid-row"><div class="hds-author-thumbnail mobile:circle-6 mobile:maxw-6 circle-card maxw-card thumbnail margin-right-2 desktop:margin-right-5"></div><div class="grid-col"><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h2 class="heading-29 line-height-sm">Allison Tankersley</h2></div><div class="heading-12 p-md">Public Affairs Specialist</div><div class="padding-y-2"></div></div></div></div><div class="desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-9"><p class="margin-top-0"></p></div></div></div>
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  1087. <div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black">
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  1089. <h2 class="heading-14">Details</h2>
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  1093. <div class="subheading">Last Updated</div>
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  1095. <div class="grid-col-8">Mar 31, 2025</div>
  1096. </div>
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  1099. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0"><div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black "><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h2 class="heading-14">Related Terms</h2></div><ul class="article-tags"><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-missions/">Missions</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission/artemis-ii/">Artemis 2</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/exploration-ground-systems/">Exploration Ground Systems</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/exploration-systems-development-mission-directorate/">Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/orion-spacecraft/">Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle</a></li></ul></div></div>
  1100. </div>
  1101. </section>
  1102. </div>
  1103.  
  1104. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles"> <section class="hds-related-articles padding-x-0 padding-y-3 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9">
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  1118. <p class="p-md color-carbon-60">Every NASA mission represents a leap into the unknown, collecting data that pushes the boundaries&hellip;</p>
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  1136. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
  1137. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">5 min read</div>
  1138. <div class="margin-bottom-1"><h3 class="related-article-title">20-Year Hubble Study of Uranus Yields New Atmospheric Insights</h3></div>
  1139. <p class="p-md color-carbon-60">The ice-giant planet Uranus, which travels around the Sun tipped on its side, is a&hellip;</p>
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  1143. <span>Article</span>
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  1145. <span class="">
  1146. 15 hours ago </span>
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  1150. </div>
  1151. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3">
  1152. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/johnson/she-speaks-for-the-samples-meet-dr-juliane-gross-artemis-campaign-sample-curation-lead/" class="color-carbon-black">
  1153. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
  1154. <div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile">
  1155. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/thumbnail-juliane-in-the-apollo-lunar-lab-dissecting-apollo-17-core-sample-73001.jpg?w=300" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/thumbnail-juliane-in-the-apollo-lunar-lab-dissecting-apollo-17-core-sample-73001.jpg 1920w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/thumbnail-juliane-in-the-apollo-lunar-lab-dissecting-apollo-17-core-sample-73001.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/thumbnail-juliane-in-the-apollo-lunar-lab-dissecting-apollo-17-core-sample-73001.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/thumbnail-juliane-in-the-apollo-lunar-lab-dissecting-apollo-17-core-sample-73001.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/thumbnail-juliane-in-the-apollo-lunar-lab-dissecting-apollo-17-core-sample-73001.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/thumbnail-juliane-in-the-apollo-lunar-lab-dissecting-apollo-17-core-sample-73001.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/thumbnail-juliane-in-the-apollo-lunar-lab-dissecting-apollo-17-core-sample-73001.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/thumbnail-juliane-in-the-apollo-lunar-lab-dissecting-apollo-17-core-sample-73001.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/thumbnail-juliane-in-the-apollo-lunar-lab-dissecting-apollo-17-core-sample-73001.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></figure> </div>
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  1158. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">6 min read</div>
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  1174.  
  1175. <div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards"> <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0">
  1176. <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3">
  1177. <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  1178. <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div>
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  1181. </div>
  1182. <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper">
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  1186. <div>
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  1188. <span>Missions</span>
  1189. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  1190. </p>
  1191. </div>
  1192. </div>
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  1194. </a>
  1195. <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  1196. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1197. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1198. <div>
  1199. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1200. <span>Humans in Space</span>
  1201. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  1202. </p>
  1203. </div>
  1204. </div>
  1205. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-2.jpg" ></figure> </div>
  1206. </a>
  1207. <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  1208. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1209. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1210. <div>
  1211. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1212. <span>Climate Change</span>
  1213. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  1214. </p>
  1215. </div>
  1216. </div>
  1217. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-3.jpg" ></figure> </div>
  1218. </a>
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  1220. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1221. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1222. <div>
  1223. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1224. <span>Solar System</span>
  1225. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  1226. </p>
  1227. </div>
  1228. </div>
  1229. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-4.jpg" ></figure> </div>
  1230. </a>
  1231. </div>
  1232. </div>
  1233. </div>]]></content:encoded>
  1237. </item>
  1238. <item>
  1239. <title>Old Missions, New Discoveries: NASA’s Data Archives Accelerate Science</title>
  1240. <link>https://science.nasa.gov/open-science/archival-data-discoveries/</link>
  1242. <dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
  1243. <pubDate>Mon, 31 Mar 2025 20:00:52 +0000</pubDate>
  1244. <category><![CDATA[Artificial Intelligence (AI)]]></category>
  1245. <category><![CDATA[Landsat]]></category>
  1246. <category><![CDATA[Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO)]]></category>
  1247. <category><![CDATA[Open Science]]></category>
  1248. <category><![CDATA[Voyager 2]]></category>
  1249. <category><![CDATA[Voyager Program]]></category>
  1250. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://science.nasa.gov/open-science/archival-data-discoveries/</guid>
  1251.  
  1252. <description><![CDATA[Every NASA mission represents a leap into the unknown, collecting data that pushes the boundaries of human understanding. But the story doesn’t end when the mission concludes. The data carefully preserved in NASA’s archives often finds new purpose decades later, unlocking discoveries that continue to benefit science, technology, and society. “NASA’s science data is one […]]]></description>
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  1271. <div id="" class="padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro">
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  1274. <p class="label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0">5 min read</p>
  1275. <h1 class="display-48 margin-bottom-2">Old Missions, New Discoveries: NASA’s Data Archives Accelerate Science</h1>
  1276. </div>
  1277. </div>
  1278. </div>
  1279. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
  1280. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
  1281. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  1282. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA02973/PIA02973~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1509&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1920" height="1509" src="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA02973/PIA02973~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1509&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt=" This solar system montage of the nine planets and four large moons of Jupiter in our solar system are set against a false-color view of the Rosette Nebula." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 56% 22%; object-position: 56% 22%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="eager" srcset="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA02973/PIA02973~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1509&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA02973/PIA02973~large.jpg?w=300&#038;h=236&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA02973/PIA02973~large.jpg?w=768&#038;h=604&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA02973/PIA02973~large.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=805&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA02973/PIA02973~large.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=1207&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA02973/PIA02973~large.jpg?w=400&#038;h=314&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA02973/PIA02973~large.jpg?w=600&#038;h=472&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA02973/PIA02973~large.jpg?w=900&#038;h=707&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA02973/PIA02973~large.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=943&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  1283. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">This montage of images taken by the Voyager spacecraft of the planets and four of Jupiter’s moons is set against a false-color picture of the Rosette Nebula with Earth’s moon in the foreground. Archival data from the Voyager missions continue to produce new scientific discoveries.</div>
  1284. <div class="hds-credits">NASA/JPL/ASU</div>
  1285. </figcaption></div>
  1286. </div>
  1287. </div>
  1288. <p>Every NASA mission represents a leap into the unknown, collecting data that pushes the boundaries of human understanding. But the story doesn’t end when the mission concludes. The data carefully preserved in NASA’s archives often finds new purpose decades later, unlocking discoveries that continue to benefit science, technology, and society.</p>
  1289. <p>“NASA’s science data is one of our most valuable legacies,” said Kevin Murphy, NASA’s <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/about-us/ocsdo/?utm_source=archival_data_032025&#038;utm_medium=article&#038;utm_campaign=ocsdo" rel="noopener">chief science data officer</a> at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “It carries the stories of our missions, the insights of our discoveries, and the potential for future breakthroughs.”</p>
  1290. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-center padding-y-3 maxw-full width-full display-flex flex-align-center hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-blockquote">
  1291. <div class="grid-container grid-container-block display-flex flex-column flex-justify-center padding-0">
  1292. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:display-flex mobile:display-block">
  1293. <div class="blockquote-icon margin-bottom-3">
  1294. <svg class="tablet:square-4 square-4 margin-right-3" version="1.1" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 3000 3000" style="enable-background:new 0 0 3000 3000;" xml:space="preserve"> <g> <path d="M586.7,1429.7c-10.7,1.5-21.4,2.8-33.9,4.5c6.9-26.6,12.7-50.7,19.5-74.6c32.4-114.1,78.5-222.2,146.8-319.5 c90.2-128.5,202.5-235.3,327.7-329.1c8.4-6.3,16.7-12.6,25.3-19.1c-66.3-105.1-131.5-208.6-197.3-313.1c-3.5,1.2-5.5,1.6-7.2,2.6 C714.4,469,576.1,575.7,456,705.3c-126,135.9-226.2,289.1-303,457.8c-98.8,217.1-151.3,444-147.2,683.3 c1.7,100.5,12.9,199.6,41.1,296.3C93.7,2303,182.2,2433,326.7,2520.1c176.9,106.7,366.8,126.8,563.4,70.5 c150.9-43.2,260.9-138.9,327.2-282.5c33.4-72.5,47.8-149.4,52-228.7c6.5-122.8-14.1-239.5-74.3-348.1 C1074.6,1514.5,832.7,1394.2,586.7,1429.7z"></path><path d="M2912.5,1722c-129.9-210.9-320.2-309.4-567.9-296c-22.1,1.2-44,5.1-67.4,7.9c2.2-9.6,4-17.9,6.1-26.2 c37.9-153.6,99.3-296,198.8-420.5c77.8-97.4,167.1-182.9,265.8-258.8c15.6-12,31.3-23.9,47.9-36.5 c-66.2-105.1-131.9-209.2-197.2-312.8c-3.5,1.1-5.1,1.2-6.4,2c-167.2,95.6-316.1,213.7-443.2,358.8 c-105.1,119.9-191.1,252.3-259.5,396.3c-95.5,201-152.1,411.6-159.1,634.8c-3.9,125.5,4.8,249.7,40.1,371 c46.7,160.8,135.7,290.9,280.5,378.7c165.7,100.5,344.8,123,531.2,78.8c172.4-40.8,296.4-143.9,366.3-308.5 c28.5-67.2,40.6-138,44.6-210.5C3000.2,1953.3,2979.9,1831.4,2912.5,1722z"></path></g></svg>
  1295. </div>
  1296. <div class="blockquote-content">
  1297. <div class="margin-bottom-4">
  1298. <h2 class="font-weight-extralight line-height-sm margin-top-0 section-heading-sm"><span class="section-heading-sm">NASA’s science data is one of our most valuable legacies.</span></h2>
  1299. </p></div>
  1300. <div class="display-flex">
  1301. <div class="blockquote-image hds-cover-wrapper margin-right-3">
  1302. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="150" height="150" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/kevin-murphy-headshot.jpg?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;crop=1" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="Kevin Murphy" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/kevin-murphy-headshot.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/kevin-murphy-headshot.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/kevin-murphy-headshot.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/kevin-murphy-headshot.jpg?resize=200,200 200w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/kevin-murphy-headshot.jpg?resize=300,300 300w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/kevin-murphy-headshot.jpg?resize=400,400 400w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/kevin-murphy-headshot.jpg?resize=600,600 600w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" /></figure>
  1303. </div>
  1304. <div class="grid-col-11">
  1305. <p class="blockquote-credit-name line-height-sm margin-0">Kevin Murphy</p>
  1306. <p class="blockquote-credit-title line-height-sm padding-0 margin-0">Chief Science Data Officer, NASA&#8217;s Science Mission Directorate</p>
  1307. </p></div>
  1308. </p></div>
  1309. </p></div>
  1310. </p></div>
  1311. </p></div>
  1312. </div>
  1313. <p>NASA’s Science Mission Directorate manages an immense amount of data, spanning astrophysics, biological and physical sciences, Earth science, heliophysics, and planetary science. Currently, NASA’s science data holdings exceed 100 petabytes—enough to store 20 billion photos from the average modern smartphone. This volume is expected to grow significantly with new missions.</p>
  1314. <p>This vast amount of data enables new discoveries, connecting scientific observations together in meaningful ways. Over 50% of scientific publications rely on archived data, which NASA provides to millions of commercial, government, and scientific users. </p>
  1315. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
  1316. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
  1317. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  1318. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Sciences.png?w=1296&#038;h=696&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="1296" height="696" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Sciences.png?w=1296&#038;h=696&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Image snippets showing Earth, the Carina nebula, Jupiter, the surface of the Sun, and a cell." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Sciences.png?w=1296&#038;h=696&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1296w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Sciences.png?w=300&#038;h=161&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Sciences.png?w=768&#038;h=412&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Sciences.png?w=1024&#038;h=550&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Sciences.png?w=400&#038;h=215&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Sciences.png?w=600&#038;h=322&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Sciences.png?w=900&#038;h=483&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Sciences.png?w=1200&#038;h=644&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1296px) 100vw, 1296px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  1319. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">NASA’s five science divisions — Astrophysics, Biological and Physical Sciences, Earth Science, Heliophysics, and Planetary Science — store petabytes’ worth of data in their archives that enable scientists to continually make discoveries.</div>
  1320. <div class="hds-credits">NASA</div>
  1321. </figcaption></div>
  1322. </div>
  1323. </div>
  1324. <p>Managing and stewarding such massive volumes of information requires careful planning, robust infrastructure, and innovative strategies to ensure the data is accessible, secure, and sustainable. Continued support for data storage and cutting-edge technology is key to ensuring future generations of researchers can continue to explore using science data from NASA missions. </p>
  1325. <p>Modern technology, such as image processing and artificial intelligence, helps unlock new insights from previous observations. For example, in 1986, NASA’s <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/voyager-2/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Voyager 2</a> spacecraft conducted a historic flyby of Uranus, capturing detailed data on the planet and its environment. Decades later, in the early 2000s, scientists used advanced image processing techniques on this archival data to discover two small moons, Perdita and Cupid, which had gone unnoticed during the initial analysis.</p>
  1326. <p>In 2024, researchers revisited this 38-year-old archival data and identified a critical solar wind event that compressed Uranus’s magnetosphere just before the Voyager 2 flyby. This rare event, happening only about four percent of the time, provided unique insights into Uranus’s magnetic field and its interaction with space weather.</p>
  1327. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
  1328. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
  1329. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  1330. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26069/PIA26069~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1248&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="1920" height="1248" src="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26069/PIA26069~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1248&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="The energized particles around Uranus defied scientist's understanding of how magnetic fields work to trap particle radiation." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26069/PIA26069~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1248&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26069/PIA26069~large.jpg?w=300&#038;h=195&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26069/PIA26069~large.jpg?w=768&#038;h=499&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26069/PIA26069~large.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=666&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26069/PIA26069~large.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=998&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26069/PIA26069~large.jpg?w=400&#038;h=260&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26069/PIA26069~large.jpg?w=600&#038;h=390&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26069/PIA26069~large.jpg?w=900&#038;h=585&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA26069/PIA26069~large.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=780&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  1331. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">The first panel of this artist’s concept depicts how Uranus’s magnetosphere (its protective bubble) was behaving before Voyager 2’s flyby. The second panel shows that an unusual kind of solar weather was happening at the same time as the spacecraft’s flyby, giving scientists a skewed view of Uranus’s magnetosphere. The work enabled by archival Voyager data contributes to scientists’ understanding of this enigmatic planet.</div>
  1332. <div class="hds-credits">NASA/JPL-Caltech</div>
  1333. </figcaption></div>
  1334. </div>
  1335. </div>
  1336. <p>NASA’s <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/lro/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a> (LRO), launched in 2009, continues to provide data that reshapes our understanding of the Moon. In 2018, scientists analyzing the LRO’s archival data confirmed the presence of water ice in permanently shadowed regions at the Moon’s poles. </p>
  1337. <p>In 2024, <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/moon/nasas-lro-lunar-ice-deposits-are-widespread/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">new studies</a> out of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, showed widespread evidence of water ice within the permanently shadowed regions outside the lunar South Pole, further aiding lunar mission planners. This discovery not only holds implications for lunar exploration but also demonstrates how existing data can yield groundbreaking insights.</p>
  1338. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
  1339. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
  1340. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  1341. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA18163/PIA18163~orig.jpg?w=2560&#038;h=1440&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="2560" height="1440" src="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA18163/PIA18163~orig.jpg?w=2560&#038;h=1440&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Artist rendering of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter LRO, above the moon." style="transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA18163/PIA18163~orig.jpg?w=2560&#038;h=1440&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2560w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA18163/PIA18163~orig.jpg?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA18163/PIA18163~orig.jpg?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA18163/PIA18163~orig.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA18163/PIA18163~orig.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=864&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA18163/PIA18163~orig.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=1152&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA18163/PIA18163~orig.jpg?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA18163/PIA18163~orig.jpg?w=600&#038;h=338&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA18163/PIA18163~orig.jpg?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA18163/PIA18163~orig.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/PIA18163/PIA18163~orig.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=1125&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  1342. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Artist rendering of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) above the Moon. LRO carries seven instruments that make comprehensive remote sensing observations of the Moon and measurements of the lunar radiation environment. Archival data from LRO continues to help scientists make discoveries about the Moon.</div>
  1343. <div class="hds-credits">NASA/GSFC</div>
  1344. </figcaption></div>
  1345. </div>
  1346. </div>
  1347. <p>NASA’s data archives uncover the secrets of our own planet as well as others. In 2024, <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/running-out-of-empty-space-environmental-lidar-and-the-crowded-ancient-landscape-of-campeche-mexico/FFDB435047017853F26CFC5D8804B08D" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">archaeologists published a study</a> revealing a “lost” Mayan city in Campeche, Mexico that was previously unknown to the scientific community. The researchers identified the city in archival airborne Earth science data, including a 2013 dataset from NASA Goddard’s LiDAR Hyperspectral &#038; Thermal Imager (G-LiHT) mission.</p>
  1348. <p>The <a href="https://hls.gsfc.nasa.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2</a> (HLS) project provides frequent high-resolution observations of Earth’s surface. Data from HLS has been instrumental in tracking urban growth over time. By analyzing changes in land cover, researchers have used HLS to monitor the expansion of cities and infrastructure development. For example, in rapidly growing metropolitan areas, HLS data has <a href="https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/data/catalog/sedac-ciesin-sedac-lulc-puexpans-2030-1.00" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">revealed patterns of urban sprawl</a>, helping planners analyze past trends to predict future metropolitan expansion.</p>
  1349. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module alignwide wp-block-nasa-blocks-image-before-after">
  1350. <div class="NasaBlocksImageBeforeAfterBlock grid-container grid-row grid-container-block bg-spacesuit-white padding-x-0 padding-y-6 margin-x-auto nasa-block-align-wide">
  1351. <div class="padding-x-0 grid-col-12">
  1352. <p> <!-- curtain view --></p>
  1353. <div class="img-comparison-slider-parent comparison-view-active">
  1354. <img-comparison-slider><br />
  1355. <img decoding="async" slot="first" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Landsat5Ontario1985.jpg" alt=""><br />
  1356. <img decoding="async" slot="second" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Landsat5Ontario2010.jpg" alt=""><br />
  1357. </img-comparison-slider></p>
  1358. <div class="curtain-view-label-wrapper curtain-view-before">
  1359. <span class="curtain-view-label">1985</span>
  1360. </div>
  1361. <div class="curtain-view-label-wrapper curtain-view-after">
  1362. <span class="curtain-view-label">2010</span>
  1363. </div>
  1364. </p></div>
  1365. <p> <!-- toggle view --></p>
  1366. <div class="toggle-comparison-parent">
  1367. <!-- if image_1 is active the show image_1 --></p>
  1368. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  1369. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover toggle-view-image toggle-view-before-image toggle-view-active"><img decoding="async" width="980" height="551" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Landsat5Ontario1985.jpg?w=980&#038;h=551&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="This natural color Landsat 5 image shows the city of Ontario, California, from above in the year 1985. Vegetation is green and brown and urban structures are bright white and gray. There is a large dry riverbed in the northeast corner that is also bright white, but its nonlinear appearance sets it apart visually." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Landsat5Ontario1985.jpg?w=980&#038;h=551&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 980w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Landsat5Ontario1985.jpg?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Landsat5Ontario1985.jpg?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Landsat5Ontario1985.jpg?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Landsat5Ontario1985.jpg?w=600&#038;h=337&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Landsat5Ontario1985.jpg?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w" sizes="(max-width: 980px) 100vw, 980px" /></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  1370. <div class="hds-credits">NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center</div>
  1371. </figcaption></div>
  1372. <p> <!-- if image_2 is active the show image_2 --></p>
  1373. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  1374. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover toggle-view-image toggle-view-after-image"><img decoding="async" width="980" height="551" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Landsat5Ontario2010.jpg?w=980&#038;h=551&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="This natural color Landsat 5 image shows the city of Ontario, California, from above in the year 2010. The airport, found in the southwest portion of the image, added a number of runways since 1985, and large warehousing structures now dominate the once rural areas surrounding the airport. Vegetation is green and brown and urban structures are bright white and gray. There is a large dry riverbed in the northeast corner that is also bright white, but its nonlinear appearance sets it apart visually." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Landsat5Ontario2010.jpg?w=980&#038;h=551&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 980w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Landsat5Ontario2010.jpg?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Landsat5Ontario2010.jpg?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Landsat5Ontario2010.jpg?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Landsat5Ontario2010.jpg?w=600&#038;h=337&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Landsat5Ontario2010.jpg?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w" sizes="(max-width: 980px) 100vw, 980px" /></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  1375. <div class="hds-credits">NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center</div>
  1376. </figcaption></div>
  1377. <div class="toggle-button-container padding-1">
  1378. <button class="toggle-view-before-button toggle-comparison-view-active margin-right-1px"><span class="toggle-view-before-label">1985</span></button><button class="toggle-view-after-button margin-left-1px"><span class="toggle-view-after-label">2010</span></button>
  1379. </div>
  1380. </p></div>
  1381. <p> <!-- 2-up view --></p>
  1382. <div class="two-up-view position-relative bg-carbon-10">
  1383. <div class="grid-row">
  1384. <div class="grid-col flex-3 padding-top-4 padding-bottom-4">
  1385. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  1386. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><img decoding="async" width="980" height="551" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Landsat5Ontario1985.jpg?w=980&#038;h=551&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="This natural color Landsat 5 image shows the city of Ontario, California, from above in the year 1985. Vegetation is green and brown and urban structures are bright white and gray. There is a large dry riverbed in the northeast corner that is also bright white, but its nonlinear appearance sets it apart visually." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Landsat5Ontario1985.jpg?w=980&#038;h=551&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 980w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Landsat5Ontario1985.jpg?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Landsat5Ontario1985.jpg?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Landsat5Ontario1985.jpg?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Landsat5Ontario1985.jpg?w=600&#038;h=337&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Landsat5Ontario1985.jpg?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w" sizes="(max-width: 980px) 100vw, 980px" /></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  1387. <div class="hds-credits">NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center</div>
  1388. </figcaption></div>
  1389. </p></div>
  1390. <div class="bg-spacesuit-white width-2px"></div>
  1391. <div class="grid-col flex-3 padding-top-4 padding-bottom-4">
  1392. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  1393. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><img decoding="async" width="980" height="551" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Landsat5Ontario2010.jpg?w=980&#038;h=551&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="This natural color Landsat 5 image shows the city of Ontario, California, from above in the year 2010. The airport, found in the southwest portion of the image, added a number of runways since 1985, and large warehousing structures now dominate the once rural areas surrounding the airport. Vegetation is green and brown and urban structures are bright white and gray. There is a large dry riverbed in the northeast corner that is also bright white, but its nonlinear appearance sets it apart visually." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Landsat5Ontario2010.jpg?w=980&#038;h=551&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 980w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Landsat5Ontario2010.jpg?w=300&#038;h=169&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Landsat5Ontario2010.jpg?w=768&#038;h=432&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Landsat5Ontario2010.jpg?w=400&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Landsat5Ontario2010.jpg?w=600&#038;h=337&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/open-science/article-media/Landsat5Ontario2010.jpg?w=900&#038;h=506&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w" sizes="(max-width: 980px) 100vw, 980px" /></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  1394. <div class="hds-credits">NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center</div>
  1395. </figcaption></div>
  1396. </p></div>
  1397. <div class="curtain-view-label-wrapper curtain-view-before">
  1398. <span class="curtain-view-label"><br />
  1399. 1985 </span>
  1400. </div>
  1401. <div class="curtain-view-label-wrapper curtain-view-after">
  1402. <span class="curtain-view-label"><br />
  1403. 2010 </span>
  1404. </div>
  1405. </p></div>
  1406. </p></div>
  1407. <p> <!-- Under image content --></p>
  1408. <div class="grid-row flex-row title-row padding-x-2 desktop:padding-x-0 padding-top-2">
  1409. <div class="grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6">
  1410. <p class="before-after-heading margin-bottom-1">
  1411. Before and After </p>
  1412. <h2 class="before-after-title margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1413. Urban Growth in Ontario, California </h2>
  1414. <p class="before-after-subheading margin-top-0">
  1415. 1985-2010 </p>
  1416. </p></div>
  1417. <div class="grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 button-row margin-bottom-3 tablet:margin-bottom-0">
  1418. <!-- Update onClick handlers --><br />
  1419. <button
  1420. aria-label="Curtain view"
  1421. class="comparison-view curtain-view-button comparison-view-active padding-bottom-1 margin-left-1"
  1422. >Curtain</button><button
  1423. aria-label="Toggle view"
  1424. class="comparison-view toggle-view-button padding-bottom-1 margin-left-1"
  1425. >Toggle</button><button
  1426. aria-label="Two-Up view"
  1427. class="comparison-view two-up-view-button padding-bottom-1 margin-left-1"
  1428. >2-Up</button> </div>
  1429. </p></div>
  1430. </p></div>
  1431. <p> <!-- Image detail area --></p>
  1432. <div class="image-details-panel padding-x-0">
  1433. <div class="before-after-details-divider padding-y-2">
  1434. <p> <!-- OnClick handleImageDetailsClick --><br />
  1435. <button
  1436. class="image-details-toggle-button"
  1437. ><br />
  1438. <span>Image Details</span></p>
  1439. <p> <!-- style - if showImageDetails, then transform rotate(180deg), else none --><br />
  1440. <svg
  1441. aria-hidden="true"
  1442. width="14"
  1443. height="15"
  1444. viewBox="0 0 14 15"
  1445. fill="none"
  1446. xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
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  1448. <circle
  1449. cx="7"
  1450. cy="7.5"
  1451. r="6.5"
  1452. stroke="#58585B"
  1453. />
  1454. <path
  1455. fill-rule="evenodd"
  1456. clip-rule="evenodd"
  1457. d="M7.0002 8.23854L9.26318 5.95996L9.80019 6.50067L7.0002 9.31996L4.2002 6.50067L4.73721 5.95996L7.0002 8.23854Z"
  1458. fill="#58585B"
  1459. />
  1460. </svg></p>
  1461. <p> </button>
  1462. </div>
  1463. <p> <!-- if showImageDetails, then display --></p>
  1464. <div id="image-details" class=" padding-x-0">
  1465. <div class="grid-row">
  1466. <div class="grid-col flex-2">
  1467. <div class="image-details-wrapper">
  1468. Thirty-five miles due east of downtown Los Angeles lies the city of Ontario, California. These natural color Landsat 5 images show the massive growth of the city between 1985 and 2010. The airport, found in the southwest portion of the images, added a number of runways, and large warehousing structures now dominate the once rural areas surrounding the airport. In these images, vegetation is green and brown, while urban structures are bright white and gray. A large dry riverbed in the northeast corner is also bright white, but its nonlinear appearance sets it apart visually. Researchers use archival data from Landsat and other satellites to track the growth of cities like Ontario, CA over time. </div>
  1469. <p> <!-- File List --></p></div>
  1470. </p></div>
  1471. </p></div>
  1472. </p></div>
  1473. </p></div>
  1474. </p></div>
  1475. <p>These discoveries represent only a fraction of what’s possible. NASA is investing in new technologies to harness the full potential of its data archives, including <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/artificial-intelligence-science/?utm_source=archival_data_032025&#038;utm_medium=article&#038;utm_campaign=ocsdo" rel="noopener">artificial intelligence (AI) foundation models</a>—open-source AI tools designed to extract new findings from existing science data.</p>
  1476. <p>“Our vision is to develop at least one AI model for each NASA scientific discipline, turning decades of legacy data into a treasure trove of discovery,” said Murphy. “By embedding NASA expertise into these tools, we ensure that our scientific data continues to drive innovation across science, industry, and society for generations to come.”</p>
  1477. <p>Developed under a collaboration between NASA’s <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/about-us/ocsdo/?utm_source=archival_data_032025&#038;utm_medium=article&#038;utm_campaign=ocsdo" rel="noopener">Office of the Chief Science Data Officer</a>, IBM, and universities, these AI models are scientifically validated and adaptable to new datasets, making them invaluable for researchers and industries alike.</p>
  1478. <p>“It’s like having a virtual assistant that leverages decades of NASA’s knowledge to make smarter, quicker decisions,” said Murphy.</p>
  1479. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
  1480. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
  1481. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  1482. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001431/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001431~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1920&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="1920" height="1920" src="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001431/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001431~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1920&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="" style="transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001431/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001431~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1920&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001431/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001431~large.jpg?w=150&#038;h=150&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 150w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001431/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001431~large.jpg?w=300&#038;h=300&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001431/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001431~large.jpg?w=768&#038;h=768&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001431/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001431~large.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=1024&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001431/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001431~large.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=1536&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001431/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001431~large.jpg?w=50&#038;h=50&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 50w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001431/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001431~large.jpg?w=100&#038;h=100&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 100w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001431/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001431~large.jpg?w=200&#038;h=200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 200w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001431/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001431~large.jpg?w=400&#038;h=400&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001431/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001431~large.jpg?w=600&#038;h=600&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001431/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001431~large.jpg?w=900&#038;h=900&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001431/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001431~large.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=1200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  1483. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">On June 22, 2013, the Operational Land Imager (OLI) on Landsat 8 captured this false-color image of the East Peak fire burning in southern Colorado near Trinidad. Burned areas appear dark red, while actively burning areas look orange. Dark green areas are forests; light green areas are grasslands. Data from Landsat 8 were used to train the Prithvi artificial intelligence model, which can help detect burn scars.</div>
  1484. <div class="hds-credits">NASA Earth Observatory</div>
  1485. </figcaption></div>
  1486. </div>
  1487. </div>
  1488. <p>The team’s Earth science foundation models—the <a href="https://huggingface.co/ibm-nasa-geospatial" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Prithvi Geospatial model</a> and <a href="https://huggingface.co/Prithvi-WxC" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Prithvi Weather model</a>—analyze vast datasets to monitor Earth’s changing landscape, track weather patterns, and support critical decision-making processes.</p>
  1489. <p>Building on this success, the team is now developing a foundation model for heliophysics. This model will unlock new insights about the dynamics of solar activity and space weather, which can affect satellite operations, communication systems, and even power grids on Earth. Additionally, a model designed for the Moon is in progress, aiming to enhance our understanding of lunar resources and environments.</p>
  1490. <p>This investment in AI not only shortens the “data-to-discovery” timeline but also ensures that NASA’s data archives continue to drive innovation. From uncovering new planets to informing future exploration and supporting industries on Earth, the possibilities are boundless.</p>
  1491. <p>By maintaining extensive archives and embracing cutting-edge technologies, the agency ensures that the data collected today will continue to inspire and inform discoveries far into the future. In doing so, NASA’s legacy science data truly remains the gift that keeps on giving.</p>
  1492. <p><strong><em>By Amanda Moon Adams</em><br /><em>Communications Lead for the <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/about-us/ocsdo/?utm_source=archival_data_032025&#038;utm_medium=article&#038;utm_campaign=ocsdo" rel="noopener">Office of the Chief Science Data Officer</a></em></strong></p>
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  1534. </p></div>
  1535. <div class="grid-col-8">Mar 31, 2025</div>
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  1542. <h2 class="heading-14">Related Terms</h2>
  1543. </div>
  1544. <ul class="article-tags">
  1545. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/open-science/" rel="noopener">Open Science</a></li>
  1546. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/category/organizations/ocio/dt/ai/" rel="noopener">Artificial Intelligence (AI)</a></li>
  1547. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/landsat" rel="noopener">Landsat</a></li>
  1548. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/lro" rel="noopener">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO)</a></li>
  1549. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager-2" rel="noopener">Voyager 2</a></li>
  1550. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/category/missions/voyager-program/" rel="noopener">Voyager Program</a></li>
  1551. </ul>
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  1612. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="3600" height="2338" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/universe/2023/09/crab_lg.jpeg?w=3600&#038;h=2338&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/universe/2023/09/crab_lg.jpeg?w=3600&#038;h=2338&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 3600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/universe/2023/09/crab_lg.jpeg?w=300&#038;h=195&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/universe/2023/09/crab_lg.jpeg?w=768&#038;h=499&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/universe/2023/09/crab_lg.jpeg?w=1024&#038;h=665&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/universe/2023/09/crab_lg.jpeg?w=1536&#038;h=998&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/universe/2023/09/crab_lg.jpeg?w=2048&#038;h=1330&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/universe/2023/09/crab_lg.jpeg?w=400&#038;h=260&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/universe/2023/09/crab_lg.jpeg?w=600&#038;h=390&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/universe/2023/09/crab_lg.jpeg?w=900&#038;h=585&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/universe/2023/09/crab_lg.jpeg?w=1200&#038;h=779&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/universe/2023/09/crab_lg.jpeg?w=2000&#038;h=1299&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 3600px) 100vw, 3600px" /></figure>
  1613. </p></div>
  1614. </p></div>
  1615. <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10">
  1616. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">4 min read</div>
  1617. <div class="margin-bottom-1">
  1618. <h3 class="related-article-title">NASA Open Science Reveals Sounds of Space</h3>
  1619. </div>
  1620. <div class="display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60">
  1621. <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"><br />
  1622. <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"/><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"/></g></g></svg><br />
  1623. <span>Article</span><br />
  1624. </span><br />
  1625. <span class=""><br />
  1626. 3 months ago </span>
  1627. </div>
  1628. </p></div>
  1629. <p> </a>
  1630. </div>
  1631. </p></div>
  1632. </section></div>
  1633. <div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards">
  1634. <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0">
  1635. <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3">
  1636. <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  1637. <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div>
  1638. <h2 class="heading-36 line-height-sm">Discover More Topics From NASA</h2>
  1639. </p></div>
  1640. </p></div>
  1641. <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper">
  1642. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/open-science/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
  1643. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1644. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1645. <div>
  1646. <h3 class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1647. <span>Open Science at NASA</span><br />
  1648. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
  1649. </h3>
  1650. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">NASA&#8217;s commitment to open science fuels groundbreaking research while maximizing transparency, innovation, and collaboration.</p>
  1651. </p></div>
  1652. </p></div>
  1653. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1536" height="1022" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss036e022667large.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss036e022667large.jpg 1920w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss036e022667large.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss036e022667large.jpg?resize=768,511 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss036e022667large.jpg?resize=1024,681 1024w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss036e022667large.jpg?resize=1536,1022 1536w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss036e022667large.jpg?resize=400,266 400w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss036e022667large.jpg?resize=600,399 600w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss036e022667large.jpg?resize=900,599 900w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss036e022667large.jpg?resize=1200,798 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure>
  1654. </p></div>
  1655. <p> </a><br />
  1656. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/parker-solar-probe/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
  1657. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1658. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1659. <div>
  1660. <h3 class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1661. <span>Parker Solar Probe</span><br />
  1662. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
  1663. </h3>
  1664. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">On a mission to “touch the Sun,” NASA&#8217;s Parker Solar Probe became the first spacecraft to fly through the corona…</p>
  1665. </p></div>
  1666. </p></div>
  1667. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1536" height="1536" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/observingsunposter-jpg.webp?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/observingsunposter-jpg.webp 2850w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/observingsunposter-jpg.webp?resize=150,150 150w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/observingsunposter-jpg.webp?resize=300,300 300w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/observingsunposter-jpg.webp?resize=768,768 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/observingsunposter-jpg.webp?resize=1024,1024 1024w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/observingsunposter-jpg.webp?resize=1536,1536 1536w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/observingsunposter-jpg.webp?resize=2048,2048 2048w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/observingsunposter-jpg.webp?resize=50,50 50w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/observingsunposter-jpg.webp?resize=100,100 100w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/observingsunposter-jpg.webp?resize=200,200 200w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/observingsunposter-jpg.webp?resize=400,400 400w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/observingsunposter-jpg.webp?resize=600,600 600w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/observingsunposter-jpg.webp?resize=900,900 900w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/observingsunposter-jpg.webp?resize=1200,1200 1200w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/observingsunposter-jpg.webp?resize=2000,2000 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure>
  1668. </p></div>
  1669. <p> </a><br />
  1670. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/artificial-intelligence-science/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
  1671. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1672. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1673. <div>
  1674. <h3 class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1675. <span>Artificial Intelligence for Science</span><br />
  1676. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
  1677. </h3>
  1678. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">NASA is creating artificial intelligence tools to help researchers use NASA&#8217;s science data more effectively.</p>
  1679. </p></div>
  1680. </p></div>
  1681. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="2500" height="2588" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/ai-for-science/ai-for-science-hero.jpg?w=2500&#038;h=2588&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/ai-for-science/ai-for-science-hero.jpg?w=2500&#038;h=2588&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2500w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/ai-for-science/ai-for-science-hero.jpg?w=290&#038;h=300&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 290w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/ai-for-science/ai-for-science-hero.jpg?w=768&#038;h=795&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/ai-for-science/ai-for-science-hero.jpg?w=989&#038;h=1024&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 989w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/ai-for-science/ai-for-science-hero.jpg?w=1484&#038;h=1536&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1484w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/ai-for-science/ai-for-science-hero.jpg?w=1978&#038;h=2048&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1978w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/ai-for-science/ai-for-science-hero.jpg?w=386&#038;h=400&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 386w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/ai-for-science/ai-for-science-hero.jpg?w=580&#038;h=600&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 580w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/ai-for-science/ai-for-science-hero.jpg?w=869&#038;h=900&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 869w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/ai-for-science/ai-for-science-hero.jpg?w=1159&#038;h=1200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1159w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/ai-for-science/ai-for-science-hero.jpg?w=1932&#038;h=2000&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1932w" sizes="(max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px" /></figure>
  1682. </p></div>
  1683. <p> </a><br />
  1684. <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/james-webb-space-telescope/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0" rel="noopener"></p>
  1685. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1686. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1687. <div>
  1688. <h3 class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1689. <span>James Webb Space Telescope</span><br />
  1690. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg><br />
  1691. </h3>
  1692. <p class="margin-bottom-0 margin-top-2 color-carbon-20-important">Webb is the premier observatory of the next decade, serving thousands of astronomers worldwide. It studies every phase in the…</p>
  1693. </p></div>
  1694. </p></div>
  1695. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1536" height="890" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp 3600w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?resize=300,174 300w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?resize=768,445 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?resize=1024,593 1024w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?resize=1536,890 1536w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?resize=2048,1186 2048w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?resize=400,232 400w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?resize=600,348 600w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?resize=900,521 900w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?resize=1200,695 1200w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/main-image-star-forming-region-carina-nircam-final-5mb-1-jpeg.webp?resize=2000,1158 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure>
  1696. </p></div>
  1697. <p> </a>
  1698. </div>
  1699. </p></div>
  1700. </p></div>
  1701. ]]></content:encoded>
  1705. </item>
  1706. <item>
  1707. <title>Artemis II Core Stage Integration – Complete!</title>
  1708. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/artemis-ii-core-stage-integration-complete/</link>
  1710. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Tiffany L. Fairley]]></dc:creator>
  1711. <pubDate>Mon, 31 Mar 2025 18:35:57 +0000</pubDate>
  1712. <category><![CDATA[Artemis 2]]></category>
  1713. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?post_type=image-article&#038;p=842331</guid>
  1714.  
  1715. <description><![CDATA[Technicians from NASA and primary contractor Amentum join the SLS (Space Launch System) rocket with the stacked solid rocket boosters for the Artemis II mission at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on March 23, 2025. The core stage is the largest component of the rocket, standing 212 feet tall and weighing about 219,000 pounds [&#8230;]]]></description>
  1716. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/ksc-20250323-ph-fmx01-0207orig.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2048" height="1365" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/ksc-20250323-ph-fmx01-0207orig.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="The Artemis II core stage (a butterscotch orange cylinder in the middle) and solid rocket boosters (the white cylinders, branded with the NASA &quot;worm&quot; logo on each side of the core stage) are joined together by teams inside the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB). The view is from the ground, looking far upward, to show the full height of the core stage - 212 feet. The inside of the VAB has many platforms and catwalks around the center of the building, which is open." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/ksc-20250323-ph-fmx01-0207orig.jpg 6054w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/ksc-20250323-ph-fmx01-0207orig.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/ksc-20250323-ph-fmx01-0207orig.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/ksc-20250323-ph-fmx01-0207orig.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/ksc-20250323-ph-fmx01-0207orig.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/ksc-20250323-ph-fmx01-0207orig.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/ksc-20250323-ph-fmx01-0207orig.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/ksc-20250323-ph-fmx01-0207orig.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/ksc-20250323-ph-fmx01-0207orig.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/ksc-20250323-ph-fmx01-0207orig.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/ksc-20250323-ph-fmx01-0207orig.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-credits">NASA/Frank Michaux</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  1717.  
  1718.  
  1719. <p>Technicians from NASA and primary contractor Amentum join the SLS (Space Launch System) rocket with the stacked solid rocket boosters for the <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission/artemis-ii/">Artemis II</a> mission at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on March 23, 2025. The core stage is the largest component of the rocket, standing 212 feet tall and weighing about 219,000 pounds with its engines. The stage is the backbone of the rocket, supporting the launch vehicle stage adapter, interim cryogenic propulsion stage, Orion stage adapter, and the Orion spacecraft.</p>
  1720.  
  1721.  
  1722.  
  1723. <p>Artemis II is the first <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/our-artemis-crew/">crewed test flight</a> under NASA’s Artemis campaign and is another step toward missions on the lunar surface and helping the agency prepare for future human missions to Mars.</p>
  1724.  
  1725.  
  1726.  
  1727. <p><em>Image credit: NASA/Frank Michaux</em></p>
  1728. ]]></content:encoded>
  1732. </item>
  1733. <item>
  1734. <title>Career Spotlight: Technologist (Ages 14-18)</title>
  1735. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/career-spotlight-technologist/</link>
  1737. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Sandra May]]></dc:creator>
  1738. <pubDate>Mon, 31 Mar 2025 17:44:50 +0000</pubDate>
  1739. <category><![CDATA[Learning Resources]]></category>
  1740. <category><![CDATA[For Kids and Students]]></category>
  1741. <category><![CDATA[Grades 9 - 12]]></category>
  1742. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?p=839808</guid>
  1743.  
  1744. <description><![CDATA[What does a technologist do? Technologists are professionals who research, develop, and test emerging technologies. They also find useful ways to put new technologies to work. A technologist is an expert in a specific type of technology, often within a specific field. Many industries rely on innovations developed by technologists. Some of these include aerospace, [&#8230;]]]></description>
  1745. <content:encoded><![CDATA[
  1746. <p></p>
  1747.  
  1748.  
  1749. <div id="" class="hds-article-hero-header nasa-gb-align-full bg-carbon-90 width-full maxw-full color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-hero-header"> <div class="hds-cover-wrapper width-full maxw-full minh-tablet grid-container minh-tablet flex-column padding-0">
  1750. <div class="hds-foreground-wrapper display-flex flex-direction-column">
  1751. <div class="grid-container grid-container-block margin-top-auto width-full maxw-desktop-lg padding-y-9 padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-3 z-400">
  1752. <div class="z-400 grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-7 z-400">
  1753. <div class="margin-0">
  1754. <div class="label color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-2">4 Min Read</div>
  1755. <h1 class="heading-41 line-height-md color-spacesuit-white-important">
  1756. Career Spotlight: Technologist (Ages 14-18) </h1>
  1757. </div>
  1758. </div>
  1759. <div class="grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5"></div>
  1760. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-left mobile-skrim-top z-200"></div>
  1761. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1536" height="1024" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/jsc2024e036521large.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="NASA astronaut Kate Rubins uses tongs to pick up a geologic sample while wearing the Joint AR (Joint Augmented Reality Visual Informatics System) display during an advanced technology run" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/jsc2024e036521large.jpg 1920w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/jsc2024e036521large.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/jsc2024e036521large.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/jsc2024e036521large.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/jsc2024e036521large.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/jsc2024e036521large.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/jsc2024e036521large.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/jsc2024e036521large.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/jsc2024e036521large.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure> </div>
  1762. </div>
  1763. </div>
  1764. <div class="padding-y-3 padding-x-3">
  1765. <div class="grid-container grid-container-block padding-x-0">
  1766. </div>
  1767. </div>
  1768. </div>
  1769.  
  1770.  
  1771. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>What does a technologist do?</strong></h2>
  1772.  
  1773.  
  1774.  
  1775. <p>Technologists are professionals who research, develop, and test emerging technologies. They also find useful ways to put new technologies to work. A technologist is an expert in a specific type of technology, often within a specific field. Many industries rely on innovations developed by technologists. Some of these include aerospace, research, manufacturing, healthcare, and information technology.</p>
  1776.  
  1777.  
  1778.  
  1779. <p>NASA technologists make use of technological advancements to improve NASA’s capabilities and better meet the needs of its missions. They also oversee how technologies developed by NASA can improve life on Earth through commercial products. These products are called spinoffs. For examples of how NASA shows up in your everyday life, visit: <a href="https://spinoff.nasa.gov" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://spinoff.nasa.gov</a>.</p>
  1780.  
  1781.  
  1782.  
  1783. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>What are some technology careers at NASA?</strong></h2>
  1784.  
  1785.  
  1786.  
  1787. <p><strong><a href="https://sciencecareers.apps.nasa.gov/#/position/4/2/2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Instrument scientist</a>:</strong> Works to improve or develop instruments that collect data. In aerospace, an instrument is a sensor or other device that takes measurements or gathers scientific information. This role may include working with other specialties to design, create, and test scientific instruments.</p>
  1788.  
  1789.  
  1790.  
  1791. <p><strong><a href="https://sciencecareers.apps.nasa.gov/#/position/4/2/4" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Data scientist</a>:</strong> Uses computer science to create tools that manage data. Some of the tasks a data scientist might perform include developing predictive models, machine learning algorithms, or software to extract useful information from large sets of data.</p>
  1792.  
  1793.  
  1794.  
  1795. <p><strong><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/careers/data-science-cyber-and-it/">Information technology (IT) specialist</a>:</strong> Designs, maintains, implements, and protects IT systems across the agency. Develops software, manages IT projects, and develops applications to support both organizational and mission operations.</p>
  1796.  
  1797.  
  1798. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/e1-pia26427-cadre-carrying.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2048" height="1536" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/e1-pia26427-cadre-carrying.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Members of a JPL team" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/e1-pia26427-cadre-carrying.jpg 11600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/e1-pia26427-cadre-carrying.jpg?resize=300,225 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/e1-pia26427-cadre-carrying.jpg?resize=768,576 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/e1-pia26427-cadre-carrying.jpg?resize=1024,768 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/e1-pia26427-cadre-carrying.jpg?resize=1536,1152 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/e1-pia26427-cadre-carrying.jpg?resize=2048,1536 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/e1-pia26427-cadre-carrying.jpg?resize=400,300 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/e1-pia26427-cadre-carrying.jpg?resize=600,450 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/e1-pia26427-cadre-carrying.jpg?resize=900,675 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/e1-pia26427-cadre-carrying.jpg?resize=1200,900 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/e1-pia26427-cadre-carrying.jpg?resize=2000,1500 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">One of three small lunar rovers that are part of a NASA technology demonstration called CADRE (Cooperative Autonomous Distributed Robotic Exploration) is prepared for shipping in a clean room at the agency&#8217;s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California.</div><div class="hds-credits">NASA/JPL-Caltech</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  1799.  
  1800.  
  1801. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>How can I become a technologist?</strong></h2>
  1802.  
  1803.  
  1804.  
  1805. <p>There are many different types of careers in technology, and the requirements vary. While you’re in high school, explore the possibilities and learn about the specialties and roles that will fit your interests. Then, investigate the academic path and experience you’ll need to eventually be hired into those roles. Current job openings, guidance counselors, and mentors can shed light on the types of certifications or degrees required. With this information, you can begin planning for the skills and education you’ll need.</p>
  1806.  
  1807.  
  1808.  
  1809. <p>It&#8217;s important to remember that technology is always advancing. Even after you’ve launched your technologist career, a “lifelong learning” mindset will help you keep up with new innovations and skills.</p>
  1810.  
  1811.  
  1812.  
  1813. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>How can I start preparing today to become a technologist?</strong></h2>
  1814.  
  1815.  
  1816.  
  1817. <p>Start growing your technology skills today with <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/search/?terms=8052%2C8072%2C8093">hands-on activities</a> created by NASA STEM. Looking for something more involved? Many of NASA’s <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/nasa-stem-opportunities-activities/">student challenges, competitions, and activities</a> offer authentic experience in aerospace technology, computer science, and more.</p>
  1818.  
  1819.  
  1820.  
  1821. <p>Students aged 16 and up who are U.S. citizens are eligible to apply for a paid NASA internship. Interns work on real projects with the guidance of a NASA mentor. Internship sessions are held each year in spring, summer, and fall; visit <a href="https://intern.nasa.gov/" rel="noopener">NASA’s Internships website</a> to learn about important deadlines and current opportunities.</p>
  1822.  
  1823.  
  1824. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/afrc2024-0124-049large.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1920" height="1279" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/afrc2024-0124-049large.jpg?w=1920" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/afrc2024-0124-049large.jpg 1920w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/afrc2024-0124-049large.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/afrc2024-0124-049large.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/afrc2024-0124-049large.jpg?resize=1024,682 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/afrc2024-0124-049large.jpg?resize=1536,1023 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/afrc2024-0124-049large.jpg?resize=400,266 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/afrc2024-0124-049large.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/afrc2024-0124-049large.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/afrc2024-0124-049large.jpg?resize=1200,799 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Frank Pena, test director, checks on the 10-foot Mock Truss-Braced Wing at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California. The aircraft concept involves a wing braced on an aircraft using diagonal struts that also add lift and could result in significantly improved aerodynamics.</div><div class="hds-credits">NASA</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  1825.  
  1826.  
  1827. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Advice from NASA technologists</strong></h2>
  1828.  
  1829.  
  1830.  
  1831. <p>“Think about your personal interests and passions, and also the impact you’d like your work to have. What do you feel personally interested in when it comes to science and technology? Is there a problem that you think is very important for our society to solve? Often there is a research or technology field that can combine those two things!” – Olivia Tyrrell, NASA research engineer</p>
  1832.  
  1833.  
  1834. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-center padding-y-3 maxw-full width-full display-flex flex-align-center hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-blockquote"><div class="grid-container grid-container-block display-flex flex-column flex-justify-center padding-0">
  1835. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:display-flex mobile:display-block">
  1836. <div class="blockquote-icon margin-bottom-3">
  1837. <svg class="tablet:square-4 square-4 margin-right-3" version="1.1" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 3000 3000" style="enable-background:new 0 0 3000 3000;" xml:space="preserve"> <g> <path d="M586.7,1429.7c-10.7,1.5-21.4,2.8-33.9,4.5c6.9-26.6,12.7-50.7,19.5-74.6c32.4-114.1,78.5-222.2,146.8-319.5 c90.2-128.5,202.5-235.3,327.7-329.1c8.4-6.3,16.7-12.6,25.3-19.1c-66.3-105.1-131.5-208.6-197.3-313.1c-3.5,1.2-5.5,1.6-7.2,2.6 C714.4,469,576.1,575.7,456,705.3c-126,135.9-226.2,289.1-303,457.8c-98.8,217.1-151.3,444-147.2,683.3 c1.7,100.5,12.9,199.6,41.1,296.3C93.7,2303,182.2,2433,326.7,2520.1c176.9,106.7,366.8,126.8,563.4,70.5 c150.9-43.2,260.9-138.9,327.2-282.5c33.4-72.5,47.8-149.4,52-228.7c6.5-122.8-14.1-239.5-74.3-348.1 C1074.6,1514.5,832.7,1394.2,586.7,1429.7z"></path><path d="M2912.5,1722c-129.9-210.9-320.2-309.4-567.9-296c-22.1,1.2-44,5.1-67.4,7.9c2.2-9.6,4-17.9,6.1-26.2 c37.9-153.6,99.3-296,198.8-420.5c77.8-97.4,167.1-182.9,265.8-258.8c15.6-12,31.3-23.9,47.9-36.5 c-66.2-105.1-131.9-209.2-197.2-312.8c-3.5,1.1-5.1,1.2-6.4,2c-167.2,95.6-316.1,213.7-443.2,358.8 c-105.1,119.9-191.1,252.3-259.5,396.3c-95.5,201-152.1,411.6-159.1,634.8c-3.9,125.5,4.8,249.7,40.1,371 c46.7,160.8,135.7,290.9,280.5,378.7c165.7,100.5,344.8,123,531.2,78.8c172.4-40.8,296.4-143.9,366.3-308.5 c28.5-67.2,40.6-138,44.6-210.5C3000.2,1953.3,2979.9,1831.4,2912.5,1722z"></path></g></svg>
  1838. </div>
  1839. <div class="blockquote-content">
  1840. <div class="margin-bottom-4">
  1841. <h2 class="font-weight-extralight line-height-sm margin-top-0 section-heading-sm"><span class="section-heading-sm">What do you feel personally interested in when it comes to science and technology?</span></h2>
  1842. </div>
  1843. <div class="display-flex">
  1844. <div class="blockquote-image hds-cover-wrapper margin-right-3"><figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/meatball-on-dark-rgb.png?w=150&amp;h=150&amp;crop=1" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="Olivia Tyrrell" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/meatball-on-dark-rgb.png?resize=150,150 150w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/meatball-on-dark-rgb.png?resize=50,50 50w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/meatball-on-dark-rgb.png?resize=100,100 100w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/meatball-on-dark-rgb.png?resize=200,200 200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/meatball-on-dark-rgb.png?resize=300,300 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/meatball-on-dark-rgb.png?resize=400,400 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/meatball-on-dark-rgb.png?resize=600,600 600w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" /></figure></div>
  1845. <div class="grid-col-11">
  1846. <p class="blockquote-credit-name line-height-sm margin-0">Olivia Tyrrell</p>
  1847. <p class="blockquote-credit-title line-height-sm padding-0 margin-0">NASA Research Engineer</p>
  1848. </div>
  1849. </div>
  1850. </div>
  1851. </div>
  1852. </div></div>
  1853.  
  1854.  
  1855. <p>“If you like to create things or find solutions to problems, working in technology is a great choice. Scientists identify problems, engineers solve problems, but ultimately, we need to create new technologies, new things, new gadgets.&nbsp; Technologists are building the next generation toolbox for engineers and scientists to pull from, enabling everyone to solve problems in more effective and innovative ways. (Technologists invent things… what’s cooler than that?!)” – Kristen John, technical integration manager for lunar dust mitigation</p>
  1856.  
  1857.  
  1858.  
  1859. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Additional Resources</strong></h2>
  1860.  
  1861.  
  1862.  
  1863. <p><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/careers/data-science-cyber-and-it/">NASA Data Science, Cybersecurity, and IT Careers</a></p>
  1864.  
  1865.  
  1866.  
  1867. <p><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/space-technology-mission-directorate/">NASA Space Technology</a></p>
  1868.  
  1869.  
  1870.  
  1871. <p><a href="https://plus.nasa.gov/topics/technology/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Technology | NASA+</a></p>
  1872.  
  1873.  
  1874. <div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards"> <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0">
  1875. <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3">
  1876. <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  1877. <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div>
  1878. <h2 class="heading-36 line-height-sm">Discover More Topics From NASA</h2>
  1879. </div>
  1880. </div>
  1881. <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper">
  1882. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/for-students-grades-9-12/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  1883. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1884. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1885. <div>
  1886. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1887. <span>For Students Grades 9-12</span>
  1888. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  1889. </p>
  1890. </div>
  1891. </div>
  1892. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1536" height="1024" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/mic_0915.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/mic_0915.jpg 3000w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/mic_0915.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/mic_0915.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/mic_0915.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/mic_0915.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/mic_0915.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/mic_0915.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/mic_0915.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/mic_0915.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/mic_0915.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/mic_0915.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure> </div>
  1893. </a>
  1894. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/internship-programs/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  1895. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1896. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1897. <div>
  1898. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1899. <span>NASA Internship Programs</span>
  1900. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  1901. </p>
  1902. </div>
  1903. </div>
  1904. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1536" height="593" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/nasa-interns-hs-worm.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/nasa-interns-hs-worm.jpg 1848w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/nasa-interns-hs-worm.jpg?resize=300,116 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/nasa-interns-hs-worm.jpg?resize=768,297 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/nasa-interns-hs-worm.jpg?resize=1024,396 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/nasa-interns-hs-worm.jpg?resize=1536,593 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/nasa-interns-hs-worm.jpg?resize=400,155 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/nasa-interns-hs-worm.jpg?resize=600,232 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/nasa-interns-hs-worm.jpg?resize=900,348 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/nasa-interns-hs-worm.jpg?resize=1200,464 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure> </div>
  1905. </a>
  1906. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/nasa-stem-opportunities-activities/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  1907. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1908. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1909. <div>
  1910. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1911. <span>NASA STEM Opportunities and Activities For Students</span>
  1912. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  1913. </p>
  1914. </div>
  1915. </div>
  1916. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1536" height="1025" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/risd_3wheeler.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/risd_3wheeler.jpg 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/risd_3wheeler.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/risd_3wheeler.jpg?resize=768,513 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/risd_3wheeler.jpg?resize=1024,684 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/risd_3wheeler.jpg?resize=1536,1025 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/risd_3wheeler.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/risd_3wheeler.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/risd_3wheeler.jpg?resize=900,601 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/risd_3wheeler.jpg?resize=1200,801 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/risd_3wheeler.jpg?resize=2000,1335 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure> </div>
  1917. </a>
  1918. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/careers/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  1919. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1920. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1921. <div>
  1922. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1923. <span>Careers</span>
  1924. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  1925. </p>
  1926. </div>
  1927. </div>
  1928. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1536" height="1229" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/jsc2023e026323.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/jsc2023e026323.jpg 6607w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=300,240 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=768,614 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=1024,819 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=1536,1229 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=2048,1639 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=400,320 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=600,480 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=900,720 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=1200,960 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=2000,1600 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure> </div>
  1929. </a>
  1930. </div>
  1931. </div>
  1932. </div>]]></content:encoded>
  1936. </item>
  1937. <item>
  1938. <title>Career Spotlight: Scientist (Ages  14-18)</title>
  1939. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/career-spotlight-scientist/</link>
  1941. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Sandra May]]></dc:creator>
  1942. <pubDate>Mon, 31 Mar 2025 17:44:46 +0000</pubDate>
  1943. <category><![CDATA[Learning Resources]]></category>
  1944. <category><![CDATA[For Kids and Students]]></category>
  1945. <category><![CDATA[Grades 9 - 12]]></category>
  1946. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?p=839837</guid>
  1947.  
  1948. <description><![CDATA[What does a scientist do? Science is about exploring answers to questions. A scientist uses research and evidence to form hypotheses, test variables, and then share their findings. NASA scientists conduct groundbreaking research to answer some of humanity’s most profound questions. Most scientists start as project scientists in their early careers. They spend a lot [&#8230;]]]></description>
  1949. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="hds-article-hero-header nasa-gb-align-full bg-carbon-90 width-full maxw-full color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-hero-header"> <div class="hds-cover-wrapper width-full maxw-full minh-tablet grid-container minh-tablet flex-column padding-0">
  1950. <div class="hds-foreground-wrapper display-flex flex-direction-column">
  1951. <div class="grid-container grid-container-block margin-top-auto width-full maxw-desktop-lg padding-y-9 padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-3 z-400">
  1952. <div class="z-400 grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-7 z-400">
  1953. <div class="margin-0">
  1954. <div class="label color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-2">4 Min Read</div>
  1955. <h1 class="heading-41 line-height-md color-spacesuit-white-important">
  1956. Career Spotlight: Scientist (Ages  14-18) </h1>
  1957. </div>
  1958. </div>
  1959. <div class="grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5"></div>
  1960. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-left mobile-skrim-top z-200"></div>
  1961. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1536" height="864" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/jason2large.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="A scientist in a white coat, mask, hair net, and purple gloves holds up a clear vial with a black substance inside near the camera." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 59% 51%; object-position: 59% 51%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/jason2large.jpg 1920w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/jason2large.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/jason2large.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/jason2large.jpg?resize=1024,576 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/jason2large.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/jason2large.jpg?resize=400,225 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/jason2large.jpg?resize=600,338 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/jason2large.jpg?resize=900,506 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/jason2large.jpg?resize=1200,675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure> </div>
  1962. </div>
  1963. </div>
  1964. <div class="padding-y-3 padding-x-3">
  1965. <div class="grid-container grid-container-block padding-x-0">
  1966. </div>
  1967. </div>
  1968. </div>
  1969.  
  1970.  
  1971. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>What does a scientist do?</strong></h2>
  1972.  
  1973.  
  1974.  
  1975. <p>Science is about exploring answers to questions. A scientist uses research and evidence to form hypotheses, test variables, and then share their findings.</p>
  1976.  
  1977.  
  1978.  
  1979. <p>NASA scientists conduct groundbreaking research to answer some of humanity’s most profound questions. Most scientists start as project scientists in their early careers. They spend a lot of time publishing&nbsp;their peer-reviewed literature and presenting scientific research. Senior-level scientists provide leadership in the NASA community, actively publish research group work, and take on management roles.</p>
  1980.  
  1981.  
  1982.  
  1983. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>What are some of the different types of scientists that work at NASA?</strong></h2>
  1984.  
  1985.  
  1986.  
  1987. <p>Many types of scientists work at NASA to support its wide variety of missions. The agency’s scientists research the foods we send to space, the habitability of other planets, the weather in space, and so much more. Here are a few examples of types of scientists at NASA.</p>
  1988.  
  1989.  
  1990.  
  1991. <p><strong>Planetary scientist:</strong> Discovers and studies the planetary objects in our solar system. These efforts shed light on the history of the solar system and the distribution of life within it.</p>
  1992.  
  1993.  
  1994.  
  1995. <p><strong>Astrobiologist:</strong> Studies the origins of life, how life evolves, and where it might be found in the universe.</p>
  1996.  
  1997.  
  1998.  
  1999. <p><strong>Astrophysicist:</strong> Studies the physical and chemical structures of stars, planets, and other natural objects found in space.</p>
  2000.  
  2001.  
  2002.  
  2003. <p><strong>Biological/physical scientist:</strong> Studies how biological and physical processes work in challenging environments like space. This information helps NASA design longer human space missions and also benefits life on Earth.</p>
  2004.  
  2005.  
  2006.  
  2007. <p><strong>Earth scientist:</strong> Uses observations and data from satellites and other sources to study Earth’s atmosphere, oceans, land cover, and land use.</p>
  2008.  
  2009.  
  2010.  
  2011. <p><strong>Heliophysicist:</strong> Studies the Sun and its behaviors, such as magnetic fields, solar wind, and space weather. This knowledge helps us better understand and predict the Sun’s effects on Earth and in space.</p>
  2012.  
  2013.  
  2014. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/ksc-20200115-ph-jbs02-0112large.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1920" height="1280" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/ksc-20200115-ph-jbs02-0112large.jpg?w=1920" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Jess Bunchek, a pseudonaut and associate scientist at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, prepares red romaine lettuce seeds for a germination test inside the Space Station Processing Facility." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/ksc-20200115-ph-jbs02-0112large.jpg 1920w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/ksc-20200115-ph-jbs02-0112large.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/ksc-20200115-ph-jbs02-0112large.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/ksc-20200115-ph-jbs02-0112large.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/ksc-20200115-ph-jbs02-0112large.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/ksc-20200115-ph-jbs02-0112large.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/ksc-20200115-ph-jbs02-0112large.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/ksc-20200115-ph-jbs02-0112large.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/ksc-20200115-ph-jbs02-0112large.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></a></figure></div></div></div>
  2015.  
  2016.  
  2017. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>How can I become a scientist?</strong></h2>
  2018.  
  2019.  
  2020.  
  2021. <p>Focus on building your scientific knowledge and skills. You can do this by taking challenging academic courses, participating in science fairs, and joining extracurricular activities that have a scientific focus. This is also a good time to research what types of sciences you’re most interested in, possible careers in those fields, and academic degrees required for those jobs.</p>
  2022.  
  2023.  
  2024.  
  2025. <p>Scientists typically need at least a four-year degree. Most pursue a master’s degree or even a doctorate (Ph.D.) to become experts in their field.</p>
  2026.  
  2027.  
  2028.  
  2029. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>How can I start preparing today to become a scientist?</strong></h2>
  2030.  
  2031.  
  2032.  
  2033. <p>Interested in applying some science skills right away? NASA provides a variety of <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/search/?terms=8049%2C8072%2C8073%2C8081%2C8083%2C8085%2C8057">hands-on activities</a> for a range of skill levels. The space agency also offers student challenges, competitions, and activities that provide authentic experience in a variety of science fields. For up-to-date opportunities, visit:</p>
  2034.  
  2035.  
  2036.  
  2037. <ul class="wp-block-list">
  2038. <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/nasa-stem-opportunities-activities/">NASA STEM Opportunities and Activities for Students</a></li>
  2039.  
  2040.  
  2041.  
  2042. <li><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/learn/learner-opportunities/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NASA Science Learning Opportunities</a></li>
  2043. </ul>
  2044.  
  2045.  
  2046.  
  2047. <p>NASA also offers paid internships for U.S. citizens aged 16 and up. Interns work on real projects with the guidance of a NASA mentor. Internship sessions are held each year in spring, summer, and fall; visit <a href="https://intern.nasa.gov/" rel="noopener">NASA’s Internships website</a> to learn about important deadlines and current opportunities.</p>
  2048.  
  2049.  
  2050. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/jpegpia23979.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2048" height="1365" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/jpegpia23979.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="NASA scientist Trevor Graff peers at a calibration target designed to help fine-tune settings on the Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman &amp; Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC) instrument carried aboard NASA&#039;s Perseverance Mars rover." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/jpegpia23979.jpg 8146w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/jpegpia23979.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/jpegpia23979.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/jpegpia23979.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/jpegpia23979.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/jpegpia23979.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/jpegpia23979.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/jpegpia23979.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/jpegpia23979.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/jpegpia23979.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/jpegpia23979.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure></div></div></div>
  2051.  
  2052.  
  2053. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Advice from NASA scientists</strong></h2>
  2054.  
  2055.  
  2056.  
  2057. <ul class="wp-block-list"></ul>
  2058.  
  2059.  
  2060.  
  2061. <p>“Take advantage of opportunities in different fields like attending summer classes, volunteering on the weekends, visiting museums, attending community lectures, and reading introductory books at the library. These are a few ways to expand your scope of possibility within the sciences, while simultaneously narrowing your focus in a field.” – Angela Garcia, exploration geologist</p>
  2062.  
  2063.  
  2064. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-center padding-y-3 maxw-full width-full display-flex flex-align-center hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-blockquote"><div class="grid-container grid-container-block display-flex flex-column flex-justify-center padding-0">
  2065. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:display-flex mobile:display-block">
  2066. <div class="blockquote-icon margin-bottom-3">
  2067. <svg class="tablet:square-4 square-4 margin-right-3" version="1.1" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 3000 3000" style="enable-background:new 0 0 3000 3000;" xml:space="preserve"> <g> <path d="M586.7,1429.7c-10.7,1.5-21.4,2.8-33.9,4.5c6.9-26.6,12.7-50.7,19.5-74.6c32.4-114.1,78.5-222.2,146.8-319.5 c90.2-128.5,202.5-235.3,327.7-329.1c8.4-6.3,16.7-12.6,25.3-19.1c-66.3-105.1-131.5-208.6-197.3-313.1c-3.5,1.2-5.5,1.6-7.2,2.6 C714.4,469,576.1,575.7,456,705.3c-126,135.9-226.2,289.1-303,457.8c-98.8,217.1-151.3,444-147.2,683.3 c1.7,100.5,12.9,199.6,41.1,296.3C93.7,2303,182.2,2433,326.7,2520.1c176.9,106.7,366.8,126.8,563.4,70.5 c150.9-43.2,260.9-138.9,327.2-282.5c33.4-72.5,47.8-149.4,52-228.7c6.5-122.8-14.1-239.5-74.3-348.1 C1074.6,1514.5,832.7,1394.2,586.7,1429.7z"></path><path d="M2912.5,1722c-129.9-210.9-320.2-309.4-567.9-296c-22.1,1.2-44,5.1-67.4,7.9c2.2-9.6,4-17.9,6.1-26.2 c37.9-153.6,99.3-296,198.8-420.5c77.8-97.4,167.1-182.9,265.8-258.8c15.6-12,31.3-23.9,47.9-36.5 c-66.2-105.1-131.9-209.2-197.2-312.8c-3.5,1.1-5.1,1.2-6.4,2c-167.2,95.6-316.1,213.7-443.2,358.8 c-105.1,119.9-191.1,252.3-259.5,396.3c-95.5,201-152.1,411.6-159.1,634.8c-3.9,125.5,4.8,249.7,40.1,371 c46.7,160.8,135.7,290.9,280.5,378.7c165.7,100.5,344.8,123,531.2,78.8c172.4-40.8,296.4-143.9,366.3-308.5 c28.5-67.2,40.6-138,44.6-210.5C3000.2,1953.3,2979.9,1831.4,2912.5,1722z"></path></g></svg>
  2068. </div>
  2069. <div class="blockquote-content">
  2070. <div class="margin-bottom-4">
  2071. <h2 class="font-weight-extralight line-height-sm margin-top-0 section-heading-sm"><span class="section-heading-sm">“The key to being a scientist is to love asking questions. If you are fascinated about how and why things work — you are already a scientist.” </span></h2>
  2072. </div>
  2073. <div class="display-flex">
  2074. <div class="blockquote-image hds-cover-wrapper margin-right-3"><figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/fox_nicola_00100553.jpg?w=150&amp;h=150&amp;crop=1" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="Nicola Fox" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/fox_nicola_00100553.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/fox_nicola_00100553.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/fox_nicola_00100553.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/fox_nicola_00100553.jpg?resize=200,200 200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/fox_nicola_00100553.jpg?resize=300,300 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/fox_nicola_00100553.jpg?resize=400,400 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/fox_nicola_00100553.jpg?resize=600,600 600w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" /></figure></div>
  2075. <div class="grid-col-11">
  2076. <p class="blockquote-credit-name line-height-sm margin-0">Nicola Fox</p>
  2077. <p class="blockquote-credit-title line-height-sm padding-0 margin-0">NASA Associate Administrator, Science Mission Directorate</p>
  2078. </div>
  2079. </div>
  2080. </div>
  2081. </div>
  2082. </div></div>
  2083.  
  2084.  
  2085. <p>“One general skill that is often overlooked is the ability to write well and clearly. There’s a misconception that being a scientist means using big words and writing in ways that no one understands, when it’s actually the opposite. The ability to communicate your thoughts and ideas so that a child can understand is not easy, but it’s essential for good scientific writing.” – Matt Mickens, NASA horticulturist</p>
  2086.  
  2087.  
  2088.  
  2089. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Additional Resources</strong></h2>
  2090.  
  2091.  
  2092.  
  2093. <p><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/careers/science-and-research/">Careers in Science and Research</a></p>
  2094.  
  2095.  
  2096.  
  2097. <p><a href="https://sciencecareers.apps.nasa.gov/#/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NASA Science Career Path Navigator</a></p>
  2098.  
  2099.  
  2100.  
  2101. <p><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NASA Science Mission Directorate</a></p>
  2102.  
  2103.  
  2104.  
  2105. <p><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/science-people/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">People of NASA Science</a></p>
  2106.  
  2107.  
  2108.  
  2109. <p><a href="https://plus.nasa.gov/?s=Scientist" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Explore NASA+ Scientist Resources</a></p>
  2110.  
  2111.  
  2112. <div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards"> <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0">
  2113. <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3">
  2114. <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  2115. <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div>
  2116. <h2 class="heading-36 line-height-sm">Discover More Topics From NASA</h2>
  2117. </div>
  2118. </div>
  2119. <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper">
  2120. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/for-students-grades-9-12/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  2121. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  2122. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  2123. <div>
  2124. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  2125. <span>For Students Grades 9-12</span>
  2126. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  2127. </p>
  2128. </div>
  2129. </div>
  2130. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1536" height="1024" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/mic_0915.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/mic_0915.jpg 3000w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/mic_0915.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/mic_0915.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/mic_0915.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/mic_0915.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/mic_0915.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/mic_0915.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/mic_0915.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/mic_0915.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/mic_0915.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/mic_0915.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure> </div>
  2131. </a>
  2132. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/internship-programs/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  2133. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  2134. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  2135. <div>
  2136. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  2137. <span>NASA Internship Programs</span>
  2138. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  2139. </p>
  2140. </div>
  2141. </div>
  2142. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1536" height="593" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/nasa-interns-hs-worm.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/nasa-interns-hs-worm.jpg 1848w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/nasa-interns-hs-worm.jpg?resize=300,116 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/nasa-interns-hs-worm.jpg?resize=768,297 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/nasa-interns-hs-worm.jpg?resize=1024,396 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/nasa-interns-hs-worm.jpg?resize=1536,593 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/nasa-interns-hs-worm.jpg?resize=400,155 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/nasa-interns-hs-worm.jpg?resize=600,232 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/nasa-interns-hs-worm.jpg?resize=900,348 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/nasa-interns-hs-worm.jpg?resize=1200,464 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure> </div>
  2143. </a>
  2144. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/nasa-stem-opportunities-activities/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  2145. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  2146. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  2147. <div>
  2148. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  2149. <span>NASA STEM Opportunities and Activities For Students</span>
  2150. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  2151. </p>
  2152. </div>
  2153. </div>
  2154. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1536" height="1025" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/risd_3wheeler.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/risd_3wheeler.jpg 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/risd_3wheeler.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/risd_3wheeler.jpg?resize=768,513 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/risd_3wheeler.jpg?resize=1024,684 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/risd_3wheeler.jpg?resize=1536,1025 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/risd_3wheeler.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/risd_3wheeler.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/risd_3wheeler.jpg?resize=900,601 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/risd_3wheeler.jpg?resize=1200,801 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/risd_3wheeler.jpg?resize=2000,1335 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure> </div>
  2155. </a>
  2156. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/careers/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  2157. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  2158. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  2159. <div>
  2160. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  2161. <span>Careers</span>
  2162. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  2163. </p>
  2164. </div>
  2165. </div>
  2166. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1536" height="1229" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/jsc2023e026323.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/jsc2023e026323.jpg 6607w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=300,240 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=768,614 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=1024,819 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=1536,1229 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=2048,1639 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=400,320 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=600,480 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=900,720 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=1200,960 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/jsc2023e026323.jpg?resize=2000,1600 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure> </div>
  2167. </a>
  2168. </div>
  2169. </div>
  2170. </div>]]></content:encoded>
  2174. </item>
  2175. <item>
  2176. <title>20-Year Hubble Study of Uranus Yields New Atmospheric Insights</title>
  2177. <link>https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/20-year-hubble-study-of-uranus-yields-new-atmospheric-insights/</link>
  2179. <dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
  2180. <pubDate>Mon, 31 Mar 2025 17:00:06 +0000</pubDate>
  2181. <category><![CDATA[Astrophysics Division]]></category>
  2182. <category><![CDATA[Goddard Space Flight Center]]></category>
  2183. <category><![CDATA[Hubble Space Telescope]]></category>
  2184. <category><![CDATA[Planetary Environments & Atmospheres]]></category>
  2185. <category><![CDATA[Planetary Science]]></category>
  2186. <category><![CDATA[Planets]]></category>
  2187. <category><![CDATA[The Solar System]]></category>
  2188. <category><![CDATA[Uranus]]></category>
  2189. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/20-year-hubble-study-of-uranus-yields-new-atmospheric-insights/</guid>
  2190.  
  2191. <description><![CDATA[The ice-giant planet Uranus, which travels around the Sun tipped on its side, is a weird and mysterious world. Now, in an unprecedented study spanning two decades, researchers using NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope have uncovered new insights into the planet’s atmospheric composition and dynamics. This was possible only because of Hubble’s sharp resolution, spectral capabilities, […]]]></description>
  2192. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class=" hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-secondary-navigation">
  2193. <div class="hds-secondary-navigation-wrapper z-top width-100 padding-0">
  2194. <div id="" class="hds-secondary-navigation width-full border-bottom-1px text-center hds-color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-hdsnav"><button type="button" class="hds-secondary-nav-mobile-button display-flex tablet:display-flex desktop:display-none width-full flex-align-center bg-carbon-90 border-color-carbon-80 color-spacesuit-white" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="hds-secondary-nav-track"><span>Explore Hubble</span><svg width="16" height="16" alt="" enable-background="new 0 0 400 400" viewBox="0 0 400 400" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z" /></svg></button></p>
  2195. <div class="hds-secondary-nav-track grid-container grid-container-extrawide padding-0 tablet:padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-2 ">
  2196. <div class="hds-secondary-navigation-menu-items">
  2197. <nav>
  2198. <ul class="usa-nav__primary usa-accordion flex-justify-center margin-0">
  2199. <li class="usa-nav__primary-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/" rel="noopener">Hubble Home</a></li>
  2200. <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"><button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-nav-section-one"><span>Overview</span><svg class="hds-desktop-submenu-toggle-icon display-none tablet:display-none desktop:display-block" width="16" height="16" alt="" enable-background="new 0 0 400 400" viewBox="0 0 400 400" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m4.2 122.2 195.1 195.1 196.5-196.6-37.9-38-157.8 157.8-156.8-156.8z" /></svg><svg class="hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon display-block tablet:display-block desktop:display-none" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7.5" fill="#0B3D91" stroke="white"/><rect x="4" y="7.6001" width="8" height="0.8" fill="white"/><rect class="hds-mobile-submenu-toggle-icon-line-vertical" x="7.59998" y="12" width="8" height="0.8" transform="rotate(-90 7.59998 12)" fill="white"/></svg></button>
  2201. <ul id="basic-nav-section-one" class="usa-nav__submenu" hidden>
  2202. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/overview/about-hubble/" rel="noopener">About Hubble</a></li>
  2203. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/overview/the-history-of-hubble/" rel="noopener">The History of Hubble</a></li>
  2204. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/overview/hubble-timeline/" rel="noopener">Hubble Timeline</a></li>
  2205. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/overview/why-have-a-telescope-in-space/" rel="noopener">Why Have a Telescope in Space?</a></li>
  2206. <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item "><a class="usa-nav__link" target="_self" href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/overview/about-hubble/hubble-by-the-numbers/" rel="noopener">Hubble by the Numbers</a></li>
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  2285. <div id="" class="hds-article-hero-header nasa-gb-align-full bg-carbon-90 width-full maxw-full color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-hero-header">
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  2290. <div class="margin-0">
  2291. <div class="label color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-2">5 Min Read</div>
  2292. <h1 class="heading-41 line-height-md color-spacesuit-white-important">
  2293. 20-Year Hubble Study of Uranus Yields New Atmospheric Insights </h1>
  2294. </p></div>
  2295. </p></div>
  2296. <div class="grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5"></div>
  2297. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-left mobile-skrim-top z-200"></div>
  2298. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1500" height="1600" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Full_STScI-01JQ4XJZ0ZNFHYWFKPM6A6WJ42.jpg?w=1500&#038;h=1600&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="Graphic titled “Hubble Space Telescope – Observations of Uranus,” with 16 images of Uranus, arranged in a 4 by 4 grid showing changes in appearance of Uranus as observed by Hubble between 2002 and 2022. Columns are labeled with observation year, from left to right: 2002; 2012; 2015; and 2022. Rows are labeled from top to bottom: visible light; visible and near infrared; aerosols/haze; and methane depletion. In the visible light images in the top row, Uranus appears blue-green with faint vertical bends of slightly lighter or darker color. In the visible and near infrared images in the second row, Uranus is very colorful, with deep neon blue to neon green bands within an orange-red glow that outlines the edge of the planet. In the two bottom rows of images, Uranus appears in grayscale, with vertical bands ranging from dark gray to almost white. All four rows of images show changes from observation to observation (left to right). For a given year, all four images in the column show similar banding patterns." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 52% 27%; object-position: 52% 27%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="eager" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Full_STScI-01JQ4XJZ0ZNFHYWFKPM6A6WJ42.jpg?w=1500&#038;h=1600&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1500w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Full_STScI-01JQ4XJZ0ZNFHYWFKPM6A6WJ42.jpg?w=281&#038;h=300&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 281w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Full_STScI-01JQ4XJZ0ZNFHYWFKPM6A6WJ42.jpg?w=768&#038;h=819&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Full_STScI-01JQ4XJZ0ZNFHYWFKPM6A6WJ42.jpg?w=960&#038;h=1024&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 960w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Full_STScI-01JQ4XJZ0ZNFHYWFKPM6A6WJ42.jpg?w=1440&#038;h=1536&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1440w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Full_STScI-01JQ4XJZ0ZNFHYWFKPM6A6WJ42.jpg?w=375&#038;h=400&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 375w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Full_STScI-01JQ4XJZ0ZNFHYWFKPM6A6WJ42.jpg?w=563&#038;h=601&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 563w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Full_STScI-01JQ4XJZ0ZNFHYWFKPM6A6WJ42.jpg?w=844&#038;h=900&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 844w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Full_STScI-01JQ4XJZ0ZNFHYWFKPM6A6WJ42.jpg?w=1125&#038;h=1200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1125w" sizes="(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px" /></figure>
  2299. </p></div>
  2300. </p></div>
  2301. </p></div>
  2302. <div class="padding-y-3 padding-x-3">
  2303. <div class="grid-container grid-container-block padding-x-0"><figcaption class="hds-caption maxw-mobile desktop:padding-x-3">
  2304. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0 color-carbon-30">
  2305. <div><figcaption>The image columns show the change of Uranus for the four years that STIS observed Uranus across a 20-year period. Over that span of time, the researchers watched the seasons of Uranus as the south polar region darkened going into winter shadow while the north polar region brightened as northern summer approaches.</figcaption></div>
  2306. </p></div>
  2307. <div class="hds-credits color-spacesuit-white-important">
  2308. <span>Credits: </span><br />
  2309. <span>NASA, ESA, Erich Karkoschka (LPL)</span>
  2310. </div>
  2311. </figcaption></div>
  2312. </p></div>
  2313. </p></div>
  2314. <p>The ice-giant planet Uranus, which travels around the Sun tipped on its side, is a weird and mysterious world. Now, in an unprecedented study spanning two decades, researchers using NASA’s <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/" rel="noopener">Hubble Space Telescope</a> have uncovered new insights into the planet’s atmospheric composition and dynamics. This was possible only because of Hubble’s sharp resolution, spectral capabilities, and longevity. </p>
  2315. <p>The team’s results will help astronomers to better understand how the atmosphere of Uranus works and responds to changing sunlight. These long-term observations provide valuable data for understanding the atmospheric dynamics of this distant ice giant, which can serve as a proxy for studying exoplanets of similar size and composition.</p>
  2316. <p>When <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/35-years-ago-voyager-2-explores-uranus/" rel="noopener">Voyager 2 flew past Uranus</a> in 1986, it provided a close-up snapshot of the sideways planet. What it saw resembled a bland, blue-green billiard ball. By comparison, Hubble chronicled a 20-year story of seasonal changes from 2002 to 2022. Over that period, a team led by Erich Karkoschka of the University of Arizona, and Larry Sromovsky and Pat Fry from the University of Wisconsin used the same Hubble instrument, STIS (the <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/observatory/design/space-telescope-imaging-spectrograph/" rel="noopener">Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph</a>), to paint an accurate picture of the atmospheric structure of Uranus. </p>
  2317. <p>Uranus’ atmosphere is mostly hydrogen and helium, with a small amount of methane and traces of water and ammonia. The methane gives Uranus its cyan color by absorbing the red wavelengths of sunlight.</p>
  2318. <p>The Hubble team observed Uranus four times in the 20-year period: in 2002, 2012, 2015, and 2022. They found that, unlike conditions on the gas giants Saturn and Jupiter, methane is not uniformly distributed across Uranus. Instead, it is strongly depleted near the poles. This depletion remained relatively constant over the two decades. However, the aerosol and haze structure changed dramatically, brightening significantly in the northern polar region as the planet approaches its northern summer solstice in 2030.</p>
  2319. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
  2320. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-wide">
  2321. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  2322. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Print_STScI-01JQ4XKE4CHE9QAKV5FAAY7HKZ.tif?w=1500&#038;h=1600&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="1500" height="1600" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Print_STScI-01JQ4XKE4CHE9QAKV5FAAY7HKZ.tif?w=1500&#038;h=1600&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Graphic titled “Hubble Space Telescope – Observations of Uranus,” with 16 images of Uranus, arranged in a 4 by 4 grid showing changes in appearance of Uranus as observed by Hubble between 2002 and 2022. Columns are labeled with observation year, from left to right: 2002; 2012; 2015; and 2022. Rows are labeled from top to bottom: visible light; visible and near infrared; aerosols/haze; and methane depletion. In the visible light images in the top row, Uranus appears blue-green with faint vertical bends of slightly lighter or darker color. In the visible and near infrared images in the second row, Uranus is very colorful, with deep neon blue to neon green bands within an orange-red glow that outlines the edge of the planet. In the two bottom rows of images, Uranus appears in grayscale, with vertical bands ranging from dark gray to almost white. All four rows of images show changes from observation to observation (left to right). For a given year, all four images in the column show similar banding patterns." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Print_STScI-01JQ4XKE4CHE9QAKV5FAAY7HKZ.tif?w=1500&#038;h=1600&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1500w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Print_STScI-01JQ4XKE4CHE9QAKV5FAAY7HKZ.tif?w=281&#038;h=300&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 281w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Print_STScI-01JQ4XKE4CHE9QAKV5FAAY7HKZ.tif?w=768&#038;h=819&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Print_STScI-01JQ4XKE4CHE9QAKV5FAAY7HKZ.tif?w=960&#038;h=1024&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 960w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Print_STScI-01JQ4XKE4CHE9QAKV5FAAY7HKZ.tif?w=1440&#038;h=1536&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1440w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Print_STScI-01JQ4XKE4CHE9QAKV5FAAY7HKZ.tif?w=375&#038;h=400&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 375w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Print_STScI-01JQ4XKE4CHE9QAKV5FAAY7HKZ.tif?w=563&#038;h=601&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 563w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Print_STScI-01JQ4XKE4CHE9QAKV5FAAY7HKZ.tif?w=844&#038;h=900&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 844w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Print_STScI-01JQ4XKE4CHE9QAKV5FAAY7HKZ.tif?w=1125&#038;h=1200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1125w" sizes="(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  2323. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">The image columns show the change of Uranus for the four years that STIS observed Uranus across a 20-year period. Over that span of time, the researchers watched the seasons of Uranus as the south polar region darkened going into winter shadow while the north polar region brightened as northern summer approaches.</div>
  2324. <div class="hds-credits">NASA, ESA, Erich Karkoschka (LPL)</div>
  2325. </figcaption></div>
  2326. </div>
  2327. </div>
  2328. <p>Uranus takes a little over 84 Earth years to complete a single orbit of the Sun. So, over two decades, the Hubble team has only seen mostly northern spring as the Sun moves from shining directly over Uranus’ equator toward shining almost directly over its north pole in 2030. Hubble observations suggest complex atmospheric circulation patterns on Uranus during this period. The data that are most sensitive to the methane distribution indicate a downwelling in the polar regions and upwelling in other regions. </p>
  2329. <p>The team analyzed their results in several ways. The image columns show the change of Uranus for the four years that STIS observed Uranus across a 20-year period. Over that span of time, the researchers watched the seasons of Uranus as the south polar region (left) darkened going into winter shadow while the north polar region (right) brightened as it began to come into a more direct view as northern summer approaches.</p>
  2330. <p>The top row, in visible light, shows how the color of Uranus appears to the human eye as seen through even an amateur telescope. </p>
  2331. <p>In the second row, the false-color image of the planet is assembled from visible and near-infrared light observations. The color and brightness correspond to the amounts of methane and aerosols. Both of these quantities could not be distinguished before Hubble’s STIS was first aimed at Uranus in 2002. Generally, green areas indicate less methane than blue areas, and red areas show no methane. The red areas are at the limb, where the stratosphere of Uranus is almost completely devoid of methane. </p>
  2332. <p>The two bottom rows show the latitude structure of aerosols and methane inferred from 1,000 different wavelengths (colors) from visible to near infrared. In the third row, bright areas indicate cloudier conditions, while the dark areas represent clearer conditions. In the fourth row, bright areas indicate depleted methane, while dark areas show the full amount of methane. </p>
  2333. <p>At middle and low latitudes, aerosols and methane depletion have their own latitudinal structure that mostly did not change much over the two decades of observation.  However, in the polar regions, aerosols and methane depletion behave very differently. </p>
  2334. <p>In the third row, the aerosols near the north pole display a dramatic increase, showing up as very dark during early northern spring, turning very bright in recent years. Aerosols also seem to disappear at the left limb as the solar radiation disappeared. This is evidence that solar radiation changes the aerosol haze in the atmosphere of Uranus. On the other hand, methane depletion seems to stay quite high in both polar regions throughout the observing period. </p>
  2335. <p>Astronomers will continue to observe Uranus as the planet approaches northern summer.</p>
  2336. <p><em>The Hubble Space Telescope has been operating for over three decades and continues to make ground-breaking discoveries that shape our fundamental understanding of the universe. Hubble is a project of international cooperation between NASA and ESA (European Space Agency). NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, manages the telescope and mission operations. Lockheed Martin Space, based in Denver, also supports mission operations at Goddard. The Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, conducts Hubble science operations for NASA.</em></p>
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  2368. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" width="1500" height="1600" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Full_STScI-01JQ4XJZ0ZNFHYWFKPM6A6WJ42.jpg?w=1500&#038;h=1600&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail" alt="Graphic titled “Hubble Space Telescope – Observations of Uranus,” with 16 images of Uranus, arranged in a 4 by 4 grid showing changes in appearance of Uranus as observed by Hubble between 2002 and 2022. Columns are labeled with observation year, from left to right: 2002; 2012; 2015; and 2022. Rows are labeled from top to bottom: visible light; visible and near infrared; aerosols/haze; and methane depletion. In the visible light images in the top row, Uranus appears blue-green with faint vertical bends of slightly lighter or darker color. In the visible and near infrared images in the second row, Uranus is very colorful, with deep neon blue to neon green bands within an orange-red glow that outlines the edge of the planet. In the two bottom rows of images, Uranus appears in grayscale, with vertical bands ranging from dark gray to almost white. All four rows of images show changes from observation to observation (left to right). For a given year, all four images in the column show similar banding patterns." style="transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 49% 50%; object-position: 49% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Full_STScI-01JQ4XJZ0ZNFHYWFKPM6A6WJ42.jpg?w=1500&#038;h=1600&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1500w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Full_STScI-01JQ4XJZ0ZNFHYWFKPM6A6WJ42.jpg?w=281&#038;h=300&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 281w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Full_STScI-01JQ4XJZ0ZNFHYWFKPM6A6WJ42.jpg?w=768&#038;h=819&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Full_STScI-01JQ4XJZ0ZNFHYWFKPM6A6WJ42.jpg?w=960&#038;h=1024&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 960w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Full_STScI-01JQ4XJZ0ZNFHYWFKPM6A6WJ42.jpg?w=1440&#038;h=1536&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1440w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Full_STScI-01JQ4XJZ0ZNFHYWFKPM6A6WJ42.jpg?w=375&#038;h=400&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 375w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Full_STScI-01JQ4XJZ0ZNFHYWFKPM6A6WJ42.jpg?w=563&#038;h=601&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 563w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Full_STScI-01JQ4XJZ0ZNFHYWFKPM6A6WJ42.jpg?w=844&#038;h=900&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 844w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/solar-system/uranus/Hubble_Uranus_Full_STScI-01JQ4XJZ0ZNFHYWFKPM6A6WJ42.jpg?w=1125&#038;h=1200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1125w" sizes="(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px" /></figure>
  2369. </p></div>
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  2375. <h2 class="heading-36 margin-0">20 Years of Uranus Observations</h2>
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  2437. <div class="grid-col-8">Mar 31, 2025</div>
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  2443. <div class="grid-col-8">Andrea Gianopoulos</div>
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  2458. <div class="heading-16 padding-bottom-1 border-bottom margin-bottom-2">Media</div>
  2459. <div class="cnd-extra-left-wysiwyg">
  2460. <p><strong>Claire Andreoli</strong><br />
  2461. NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center<br />
  2462. Greenbelt, Maryland<br />
  2463. <a href="mailto:claire.andreoli@nasa.gov">claire.andreoli@nasa.gov</a></p>
  2464. <p>Ann Jenkins<br />
  2465. Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland</p>
  2466. <p>Ray Villard<br />
  2467. Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland</p>
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  2475. <h2 class="heading-14">Related Terms</h2>
  2476. </div>
  2477. <ul class="article-tags">
  2478. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble" rel="noopener">Hubble Space Telescope</a></li>
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  2480. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard/" rel="noopener">Goddard Space Flight Center</a></li>
  2481. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/category/science-research/planetary-science/planetary-environments-atmospheres/" rel="noopener">Planetary Environments &#038; Atmospheres</a></li>
  2482. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/planetary-science/" rel="noopener">Planetary Science</a></li>
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  2485. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/uranus/" rel="noopener">Uranus</a></li>
  2486. </ul>
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  2489. </section></div>
  2490. <p></body></html></p>
  2491. ]]></content:encoded>
  2495. </item>
  2496. <item>
  2497. <title>University High Triumphs at JPL-Hosted Ocean Sciences Bowl</title>
  2498. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/jpl/university-high-triumphs-at-jpl-hosted-ocean-sciences-bowl/</link>
  2500. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Anthony Greicius]]></dc:creator>
  2501. <pubDate>Mon, 31 Mar 2025 16:46:52 +0000</pubDate>
  2502. <category><![CDATA[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]></category>
  2503. <category><![CDATA[STEM Engagement at NASA]]></category>
  2504. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?p=842285</guid>
  2505.  
  2506. <description><![CDATA[The annual regional event puts students’ knowledge of ocean-related science to the test in a fast-paced academic competition. A team of students from University High School in Irvine earned first place at a fast-paced regional academic competition focused on ocean science disciplines and hosted by NASA’S Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. Eight teams from [&#8230;]]]></description>
  2507. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro"><div class="width-full maxw-full article-header"><div class="margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full"><p class="label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0">3 min read</p><h1 class="display-48 margin-bottom-2">Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)</h1></div></div></div>
  2508.  
  2509. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/1-university-ocean-sciences.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2048" height="1152" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/1-university-ocean-sciences.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Team from University High School in Irvine, California" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/1-university-ocean-sciences.jpg 4520w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/1-university-ocean-sciences.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/1-university-ocean-sciences.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/1-university-ocean-sciences.jpg?resize=1024,576 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/1-university-ocean-sciences.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/1-university-ocean-sciences.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/1-university-ocean-sciences.jpg?resize=400,225 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/1-university-ocean-sciences.jpg?resize=600,338 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/1-university-ocean-sciences.jpg?resize=900,506 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/1-university-ocean-sciences.jpg?resize=1200,675 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/1-university-ocean-sciences.jpg?resize=2000,1125 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">This team from University High School in Irvine, California, won the 2025 regional Oceans Science Bowl, hosted by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. From left: Nethra Iyer, Joanne Chen, Matthew Feng, Avery Hexun, Angelina Yan, and coach David Knight.</div><div class="hds-credits">NASA/JPL-Caltech</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  2510.  
  2511.  
  2512. <p><em>The annual regional event puts students’ knowledge of ocean-related science to the test in a fast-paced academic competition.</em></p>
  2513.  
  2514.  
  2515.  
  2516. <p>A team of students from University High School in Irvine earned first place at a fast-paced regional academic competition focused on ocean science disciplines and hosted by NASA’S Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California.</p>
  2517.  
  2518.  
  2519.  
  2520. <p>Eight teams from Los Angeles and Orange counties competed at the March 29 event, dubbed the Los Angeles Surf Bowl. It was the last of about 20 regional competitions held across the U.S. this year in the lead-up to the virtual National Ocean Sciences Bowl finals event in mid-May.</p>
  2521.  
  2522.  
  2523.  
  2524. <p>Santa Monica High School earned second place; Francisco Bravo Medical Magnet High School in Los Angeles came in third. With its victory, University repeated its winning performance from <a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/university-high-wins-la-ocean-sciences-bowl-at-nasas-jpl/" rel="noopener">last year</a>. The school also won the JPL-hosted <a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/university-high-knows-the-answers-at-nasa-jpl-regional-science-bowl/" rel="noopener">regional Science Bowl</a> earlier this month.</p>
  2525.  
  2526.  
  2527. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2-all-teams-oceans-sciences.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2048" height="1152" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2-all-teams-oceans-sciences.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Team from University High School in Irvine, California" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2-all-teams-oceans-sciences.jpg 5116w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2-all-teams-oceans-sciences.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2-all-teams-oceans-sciences.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2-all-teams-oceans-sciences.jpg?resize=1024,576 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2-all-teams-oceans-sciences.jpg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2-all-teams-oceans-sciences.jpg?resize=2048,1152 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2-all-teams-oceans-sciences.jpg?resize=400,225 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2-all-teams-oceans-sciences.jpg?resize=600,338 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2-all-teams-oceans-sciences.jpg?resize=900,506 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2-all-teams-oceans-sciences.jpg?resize=1200,675 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2-all-teams-oceans-sciences.jpg?resize=2000,1125 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Teams from all eight schools that participated in the JPL-hosted 2025 regional Ocean Sciences Bowl pose alongside volunteers and coaches.</div><div class="hds-credits">NASA/JPL-Caltech</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  2528.  
  2529.  
  2530. <p>For the Ocean Sciences Bowl, teams are composed of four to five students and a coach. To prepare for the event, team members spend months answering multiple-choice questions with a “Jeopardy!”-style buzzer in just five seconds. Questions come in several categories, including biology, chemistry, geology, and physics along with related geography, technology, history, policy, and current events topics.</p>
  2531.  
  2532.  
  2533.  
  2534. <p>A question in the chemistry category might be “What chemical is the principal source of energy at many of Earth’s hydrothermal vent systems?” (It’s hydrogen sulfide.) Other questions can be considerably more challenging.</p>
  2535.  
  2536.  
  2537.  
  2538. <p>When a team member buzzes in and gives the correct answer to a multiple-choice question, the team earns a bonus question, which allows teammates to consult with one another to come up with an answer. More complicated “team challenge questions” prompt students to work together for a longer period. The theme of this year’s competition is “Sounding the Depths: Understanding Ocean Acoustics.”</p>
  2539.  
  2540.  
  2541.  
  2542. <p>University High junior Matthew Feng, a return competitor, said the team’s success felt like a payoff for hours of studying together, including on weekends. He keeps coming back to the competition partly for the sense of community and also for the personal challenge, he said. “It’s nice to compete and meet people, see people who were here last year,” Matthew added. “Pushing yourself mentally — the first year I was shaking so hard because I wasn’t used to that much adrenaline.”</p>
  2543.  
  2544.  
  2545.  
  2546. <p>Since 2000, JPL’s Public Services Office has coordinated the Los Angeles regional contest with the help of volunteers from laboratory staff and former Ocean Sciences Bowl participants in the local community. JPL is managed for NASA by Caltech.</p>
  2547.  
  2548.  
  2549.  
  2550. <p>The <a href="https://nosb.org/" rel="noopener">National Ocean Sciences Bowl</a> is a program of the Center for Ocean Leadership at the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, a nonprofit consortium of colleges and universities focused in part on Earth science-related education.</p>
  2551.  
  2552.  
  2553.  
  2554. <p><strong>News Media Contact</strong></p>
  2555.  
  2556.  
  2557.  
  2558. <p>Melissa Pamer<br>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.<br>626-314-4928<br><a href="mailto:melissa.pamer@jpl.nasa.gov">melissa.pamer@jpl.nasa.gov</a></p>
  2559.  
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  2608. <div class="grid-col-8">Mar 31, 2025</div>
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  2650. <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">5 min read</div>
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  2658. 1 week ago </span>
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  2681. </a>
  2682. </div>
  2683. </div>
  2684. </section>
  2685. </div>
  2686.  
  2687. <div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards"> <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0">
  2688. <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3">
  2689. <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  2690. <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div>
  2691. <h2 class="heading-36 line-height-sm">Discover Related Topics</h2>
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  2693. </div>
  2694. <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper">
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  2698. <div>
  2699. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  2700. <span>Missions</span>
  2701. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  2702. </p>
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  2704. </div>
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  2706. </a>
  2707. <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
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  2709. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  2710. <div>
  2711. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  2712. <span>Humans in Space</span>
  2713. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  2714. </p>
  2715. </div>
  2716. </div>
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  2718. </a>
  2719. <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
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  2722. <div>
  2723. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
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  2726. </p>
  2727. </div>
  2728. </div>
  2729. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-3.jpg" ></figure> </div>
  2730. </a>
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  2732. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  2733. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  2734. <div>
  2735. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  2736. <span>Solar System</span>
  2737. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  2738. </p>
  2739. </div>
  2740. </div>
  2741. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-4.jpg" ></figure> </div>
  2742. </a>
  2743. </div>
  2744. </div>
  2745. </div>]]></content:encoded>
  2749. </item>
  2750. </channel>
  2751. </rss>
  2752.  

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