<!doctype html><html lang="en"> <head> <title>PostgreSQL: The world's most advanced open source database</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/xhtml; charset=utf-8" /> <meta name="description" content="The official site for PostgreSQL, the world's most advanced open source database" /> <meta name="theme-color" content="#336791"/> <meta name="copyright" content="The PostgreSQL Global Development Group" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.postgresql.org/" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="article:author" content="PostgreSQL Global Development Group" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-05-17T11:36:31.887122" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.postgresql.org/media/img/about/press/elephant.png" /> <meta property="og:title" content="PostgreSQL" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The world's most advanced open source database." /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="PostgreSQL" /> <link href="/media/css/fontawesome.css?e42a8a4e" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/media/css/bootstrap-4.4.1.min.css"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/dyncss/base.css?e42a8a4e"> <script src="/media/js/theme.js?e42a8a4e"></script> </head> <body> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row justify-content-md-center"> <div class="col"> <!-- Header --> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light"> <a class="navbar-brand p-0" href="/"> <img class="logo" src="/media/img/about/press/elephant.png" alt="PostgreSQL Elephant Logo"> </a> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#pgNavbar" aria-controls="pgNavbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="pgNavbar"> <ul class="navbar-nav mr-auto"> <li class="nav-item p-2"><a href="/" title="Home">Home</a></li> <li class="nav-item p-2"><a href="/about/" title="About">About</a></li> <li class="nav-item p-2"><a href="/download/" title="Download">Download</a></li> <li class="nav-item p-2"><a href="/docs/" title="Documentation">Documentation</a></li> <li class="nav-item p-2"><a href="/community/" title="Community">Community</a></li> <li class="nav-item p-2"><a href="/developer/" title="Developers">Developers</a></li> <li class="nav-item p-2"><a href="/support/" title="Support">Support</a></li> <li class="nav-item p-2"><a href="/about/donate/" title="Donate">Donate</a></li> <li class="nav-item p-2"><a href="/account/" title="Your account">Your account</a></li> </ul> <form role="search" method="get" action="/search/"> <div class="input-group"> <input id="q" name="q" type="text" size="20" maxlength="255" accesskey="s" class="form-control" placeholder="Search for..."> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button class="btn btn-default" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </span> </div><!-- /input-group --> </form> <form id="form-theme" class="form-inline d-none"> <button id="btn-theme" class="btn btn-default ml-1" type="button"></button> </form> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="row justify-content-center pg-shout-box"> <div class="col text-white text-center">May 9th 2024: <a href="/about/news/postgresql-163-157-1412-1315-and-1219-released-2858/"> PostgreSQL 16.3, 15.7, 14.12, 13.15, and 12.19 Released!</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid pg-jumbotron"> <div class="container"> <h1 class="text-white pg-jumbotron-header">PostgreSQL: The World's Most Advanced Open Source Relational Database</h1> <div class="row"> <div class="col text-center"> <a class="btn btn-light btn-rounded" role="button" href="/download/">Download <i class="fa fa-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <a class="btn btn-light btn-rounded" role="button" href="/about/">New to PostgreSQL?</a> </div> </div> </div></div><!-- END Jumbotron --><div class="container margin"> <!-- Start First Feature Row --> <div class="row"> <!-- Feature --> <div class="col-lg-6 feature"> <img src="/media/img/about/press/elephant.png" alt="PostgreSQL Elephant Logo"> <h2>New to PostgreSQL?</h2> <div class="text"> <p> PostgreSQL is a powerful, open source object-relational database system with over 35 years of active development that has earned it a strong reputation for reliability, feature robustness, and performance. </p> <p> There is a wealth of information to be found describing how to <a href="/download/">install</a> and <a href="/docs/">use</a> PostgreSQL through the <a href="/docs/">official documentation</a>. 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Learn more on how to <a href="/community/">engage with the community</a>. </p> </div> <a href="/about/" title="Learn More"><button type="button" class="btn btn-center btn-primary btn-inline-block">Learn More</button></a> <a href="/about/featurematrix/" title="Feature Matrix"><button type="button" class="btn btn-center btn-primary btn-inline-block">Feature Matrix</button></a> </div> <!-- END Feature --> <!-- Feature --> <div class="col-lg-6 feature"> <i class="fas fa-download"></i> <h2>Latest Releases</h2> <div class="text"> <p> <strong> 2024-05-09 - <a href="/about/news/postgresql-163-157-1412-1315-and-1219-released-2858/"> PostgreSQL 16.3, 15.7, 14.12, 13.15, and 12.19 Released! </a> </strong> </p> <p> The PostgreSQL Global Development Group has <a href="/about/news/postgresql-163-157-1412-1315-and-1219-released-2858/">released an update</a> to all supported versions of PostgreSQL, including <a href="/about/news/postgresql-163-157-1412-1315-and-1219-released-2858/">16.3, 15.7, 14.12, 13.15, and 12.19</a>. This release fixes one <a href="/support/security/">security vulnerability</a> and over 55 bugs reported over the last several months. </p> <p> Please note that the fix in this release for <a href="/support/security/CVE-2024-4317/">CVE-2024-4317</a> only fixes fresh PostgreSQL installations, namely those that are created with the <a href="/docs/current/app-initdb.html"><code>initdb</code></a> utility after this fix is applied. If you have a current PostgreSQL installation and are concerned about this issue, please follow the additional updating instructions provided in the <a href="/support/security/CVE-2024-4317/">CVE-2024-4317</a> description or the <a href="/docs/release/">release notes</a> for the remediation. </p> <p> PostgreSQL 12 will <a href="/support/versioning/"></a>stop receiving fixes</a> on November 14, 2024. If you are running PostgreSQL 12 in a production environment, we suggest that you make plans to upgrade to a newer, supported version of PostgreSQL. Please see our <a href="/support/versioning/"></a>versioning policy</a> for more information. </p> <p> For the more information about this release, please review the <a href="/docs/release/">release notes</a>. You can download PostgreSQL from the <a href="/download/">download</a> page. </p> <ul> <li class=""><strong>16.3</strong> · 2024-05-09 · <a href="/docs/16/release-16-3.html">Notes</a></li> <li class="pg-bg-gray"><strong>15.7</strong> · 2024-05-09 · <a href="/docs/15/release-15-7.html">Notes</a></li> <li class=""><strong>14.12</strong> · 2024-05-09 · <a href="/docs/14/release-14-12.html">Notes</a></li> <li class="pg-bg-gray"><strong>13.15</strong> · 2024-05-09 · <a href="/docs/13/release-13-15.html">Notes</a></li> <li class=""><strong>12.19</strong> · 2024-05-09 · <a href="/docs/12/release-12-19.html">Notes</a></li> </ul> </div> <a href="/download/" title="Download"><button type="button" class="btn btn-center btn-primary">Download</button></a> <a href="/support/versioning/" title="Why Upgrade?"><button type="button" class="btn btn-center btn-outline-secondary btn-inline-block">Why Upgrade?</button></a> <a href="/support/security/" title="Security"><button type="button" class="btn btn-center btn-outline-secondary btn-inline-block">Security</button></a> </div> <!-- END Feature --> </div> <!-- END First Feature Row --> <!-- Start Second Feature Row --> <div class="row"> <!-- Feature --> <div class="col-lg-6 feature"> <i class="fas fa-calendar-alt"></i> <h2>Upcoming Events</h2> <div class="text"> <ul> <li class=" "> <img src="/media/img/PostgreSQL_Badge1.svg" class="community" alt="PostgreSQL Community Event"> 2024-05-28 – 2024-05-31 · <a href="/about/event/postgresql-development-conference-2024-pgconfdev-2491/">PostgreSQL Development Conference 2024 (pgconf.dev)</a> </li> <li class="pg-bg-gray non-badged"> 2024-06-04 – 2024-06-05 · <a href="/about/event/prague-postgresql-developer-day-2024-2500/">Prague PostgreSQL Developer Day 2024</a> </li> <li class=" "> <img src="/media/img/PostgreSQL_Badge1.svg" class="community" alt="PostgreSQL Community Event"> 2024-06-11 – 2024-06-12 · <a href="/about/event/pg-day-france-2024-2504/">PG Day France 2024</a> </li> <li class="pg-bg-gray non-badged"> 2024-06-11 – 2024-06-13 · <a href="/about/event/posette-an-event-for-postgres-2496/">POSETTE: An Event for Postgres</a> </li> <li class=" "> <img src="/media/img/PostgreSQL_Badge1.svg" class="community" alt="PostgreSQL Community Event"> 2024-06-27 – 2024-06-28 · <a href="/about/event/swiss-pgday-2024-2498/">Swiss PGDay 2024</a> </li> <li class="pg-bg-gray "> <img src="/media/img/PostgreSQL_Badge1.svg" class="community" alt="PostgreSQL Community Event"> 2024-09-11 · <a href="/about/event/pgday-uk-2024-2505/">PGDay UK 2024</a> </li> <li class=" "> <img src="/media/img/PostgreSQL_Badge1.svg" class="community" alt="PostgreSQL Community Event"> 2024-09-30 – 2024-10-02 · <a href="/about/event/pgconf-nyc-2024-2492/">PGConf NYC 2024</a> </li> </ul> <p> <img src="/media/img/PostgreSQL_Badge1.svg" class="community" alt="PostgreSQL Community Event"> indicates that an event is recognised under the <a href="/about/policies/conferences/">community event guidelines</a> and is directly helping the PostgreSQL community. </p> </div> <a href="/about/events/" title="Check Schedule"><button type="button" class="btn btn-center btn-primary btn-inline-block">Check Schedule</button></a> <a href="/account/events/new/" title="Add Your Event"><button type="button" class="btn btn-center btn-primary btn-inline-block">Add Your Event</button></a> </div> <!-- END Feature --> <!-- Feature --> <div class="col-lg-6 feature"> <i class="fas fa-envelope"></i> <h2>Mailing Lists</h2> <div class="text"> <p> The PostgreSQL <a href="https://lists.postgresql.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener">mailing lists</a> enable you to interact with active community participants on subjects related to the development of PostgreSQL, discovering how to use PostgreSQL, or learning about upcoming events and product releases. </p> <p> In order to manage your mailing list subscription, you need a <a href="/account/">PostgreSQL community account</a>. <a href="/account/">Signing up</a> is easy and gives you direct access to the <a href="/community/">global PostgreSQL community</a>. </p> </div> <a href="https://lists.postgresql.org" title="Subscribe"><button type="button" class="btn btn-center btn-primary btn-inline-block">Subscribe</button></a> <a href="https://www.postgresql.org/list/" title="View Archives"><button type="button" class="btn btn-center btn-outline-secondary btn-inline-block">View Archives</button></a> </div> <!-- END Feature --> </div> <!-- END Second Feature Row --></div><!-- CTA --><div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-6 cta cta-3"></div> <div class="col-lg-6 cta-text"> <h2>Learning Opportunities Ahead</h2> <p class="text-left"> Want to learn more about PostgreSQL and help build the community? Come to one of the many events, local user groups, & training sessions where you can meet experienced PostgreSQL users and enhance your database skills. </p> <a href="/about/events/" title="Browse Events"><button type="button" class="btn btn-light btn-rounded">Browse Events</button></a> <a href="/community/user-groups/" title="Browse User Groups"><button type="button" class="btn btn-light btn-rounded">Browse User Groups</button></a> </div> </div></div><!-- END CTA --><!-- News --><div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-7"> <h2 class="centered-lines">Latest News</h2> <!-- Featured Post --> <header> <h3> <a href="/about/news/postgresql-163-157-1412-1315-and-1219-released-2858/"> PostgreSQL 16.3, 15.7, 14.12, 13.15, and 12.19 Released! </a> </h3> <ul class="meta"> <li><i class="far fa-clock"></i> 2024-05-09</li> <!--<li><i class="far fa-comments"></i> 0</li>--> </ul> </header> <p> The PostgreSQL Global Development Group has <a href="/about/news/postgresql-163-157-1412-1315-and-1219-released-2858/">released an update</a> to all supported versions of PostgreSQL, including <a href="/about/news/postgresql-163-157-1412-1315-and-1219-released-2858/">16.3, 15.7, 14.12, 13.15, and 12.19</a>. This release fixes one <a href="/support/security/">security vulnerability</a> and over 55 bugs reported over the last several months. </p> <p> Please note that the fix in this release for <a href="/support/security/CVE-2024-4317/">CVE-2024-4317</a> only fixes fresh PostgreSQL installations, namely those that are created with the <a href="/docs/current/app-initdb.html"><code>initdb</code></a> utility after this fix is applied. If you have a current PostgreSQL installation and are concerned about this issue, please follow the additional updating instructions provided in the <a href="/support/security/CVE-2024-4317/">CVE-2024-4317</a> description or the <a href="/docs/release/">release notes</a> for the remediation. </p> <p> PostgreSQL 12 will <a href="/support/versioning/"></a>stop receiving fixes</a> on November 14, 2024. If you are running PostgreSQL 12 in a production environment, we suggest that you make plans to upgrade to a newer, supported version of PostgreSQL. Please see our <a href="/support/versioning/"></a>versioning policy</a> for more information. </p> <ul class="bold"> <li><a href="/about/news/postgresql-163-157-1412-1315-and-1219-released-2858/">Release Announcement</a></li> <li><a href="/docs/release/">Release Notes</a></li> <li><a href="/about/press/">PostgreSQL 16 Release Announcement & Translations</a></li> <li><a href="/support/versioning/">Versioning Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/download/">Download</a></li> </ul> <a href="/about/newsarchive/" title="Archives"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-center btn-inline-block">Browse Archives</button></a> <a href="/account/news/new/" title="Submit News"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-center btn-inline-block">Submit News</button></a> </div> <div class="col-lg-5"> <div class="sidebar"> <!-- Archives --> <ul class="divided"> <li> <h3><a href="/about/news/postgresql-163-157-1412-1315-and-1219-released-2858/">PostgreSQL 16.3, 15.7, 14.12, 13.15, and 12.19 Released!</a></h3> <ul class="meta"> <li><i class="far fa-clock"></i> 2024-05-09 by PostgreSQL Global Development Group</li> </ul> </li> <li> <h3><a href="/about/news/swiss-pgday-2024-schedule-published-2856/">Swiss PGDay 2024: Schedule Published</a></h3> <ul class="meta"> <li><i class="far fa-clock"></i> 2024-05-05 by Swiss PostgreSQL Users Group</li> </ul> </li> <li> <h3><a href="/about/news/the-schedule-is-out-for-posette-an-event-for-postgres-2024-2855/">The Schedule is out for POSETTE: An Event for Postgres 2024!</a></h3> <ul class="meta"> <li><i class="far fa-clock"></i> 2024-05-03 by Microsoft Azure</li> </ul> </li> <li> <h3><a href="/about/news/pgadmin-4-v86-released-2853/">pgAdmin 4 v8.6 Released</a></h3> <ul class="meta"> <li><i class="far fa-clock"></i> 2024-05-02 by pgAdmin Development Team</li> </ul> </li> <li> <h3><a href="/about/news/pgedge-distributed-postgresql-introduces-automatic-ddl-replication-and-snowflake-sequences-for-postgres-2844/">pgEdge Distributed PostgreSQL Introduces Automatic DDL Replication and Snowflake Sequences for Postgres</a></h3> <ul class="meta"> <li><i class="far fa-clock"></i> 2024-05-02 by pgEdge, Inc.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <!-- END Archives --> </div> </div> </div></div><!-- Blog --> <div class="container margin"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <h2 class="centered-lines"><span>PLANET POSTGRESQL</span></h2> <div class="feature"><i class="fas fa-globe"></i></div> </div> </div> <!-- First Row Planet PostgreSQL --> <div class="row"> <!-- First Column First Row Planet PostgreSQL --> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="text-center"> <h3><a href="https://postgr.es/p/6v2"> Understanding Synchronous and Asynchronous Replication in PostgreSQL – What is Best for</a></h3> <ul class="meta"> <li><i class="far fa-comments"></i> semab tariq</li> <li><i class="far fa-clock"></i> 2024-05-17</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="text-center"> <h3><a href="https://postgr.es/p/6v1"> Geographically distributed Postgres for multi-tenant applications</a></h3> <ul class="meta"> <li><i class="far fa-comments"></i> Tudor Golubenco</li> <li><i class="far fa-clock"></i> 2024-05-16</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="text-center"> <h3><a href="https://postgr.es/p/6u_"> PGConf.DE 2024 - Review</a></h3> <ul class="meta"> <li><i class="far fa-comments"></i> Andreas Scherbaum</li> <li><i class="far fa-clock"></i> 2024-05-15</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="text-center"> <h3><a href="https://postgr.es/p/6u-"> Removing Bloat with pg_repack Extension</a></h3> <ul class="meta"> <li><i class="far fa-comments"></i> muhammad ali</li> <li><i class="far fa-clock"></i> 2024-05-15</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="text-center"> <h3><a href="https://postgr.es/p/6uY"> Git Filters</a></h3> <ul class="meta"> <li><i class="far fa-comments"></i> Christoph Berg</li> <li><i class="far fa-clock"></i> 2024-05-14</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="text-center"> <h3><a href="https://postgr.es/p/6uX"> When to split patches for PostgreSQL</a></h3> <ul class="meta"> <li><i class="far fa-comments"></i> Peter Eisentraut</li> <li><i class="far fa-clock"></i> 2024-05-14</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="text-center"> <h3><a href="https://postgr.es/p/6uW"> Extension Summit Topic Review</a></h3> <ul class="meta"> <li><i class="far fa-comments"></i> David Wheeler</li> <li><i class="far fa-clock"></i> 2024-05-13</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="text-center"> <h3><a href="https://postgr.es/p/6uV"> Use of “pgtt” Extension in Self Managed vs. Cloud Products</a></h3> <ul class="meta"> <li><i class="far fa-comments"></i> Shane Borden</li> <li><i class="far fa-clock"></i> 2024-05-13</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="text-center"> <h3><a href="https://postgr.es/p/6uT"> Conversion Chronicles – Invisible Indexes in Oracle to PostgreSQL Migration.</a></h3> <ul class="meta"> <li><i class="far fa-comments"></i> Deepak Mahto</li> <li><i class="far fa-clock"></i> 2024-05-13</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END First Row Planet PostgreSQL --> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <a href="https://planet.postgresql.org" title="Browse Archives" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><button type="button" class="btn btn-center btn-primary">Browse Archives</button></a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- SUBMIT A BUG --> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-6 cta-text"> <h2>Seeing unexpected behavior?</h2> <p> The PostgreSQL community takes pride in releasing software that reliably stores your data. 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