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Source: http://www.skepticalscience.com/feed.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
2. <rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
3.  <channel>
4.   <title>Skeptical Science</title>
5.   <description>Examining the science of global warming skepticism, clearing up the misconceptions and misleading arguments that populate the climate change debate.</description>
6.   <link>https://skepticalscience.com/</link>
7. <atom:link href="https://skepticalscience.com/feed.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
8. <item>
9. <title>2025 SkS Weekly Climate Change &amp; Global Warming News Roundup #13</title>
10. <description>&lt;div class="greenbox" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;A listing of 31 news and opinion articles we found interesting and shared on social media during the past week: Sun, March 23, 2025 thru Sat, March 29, 2025.&lt;/div&gt;
11. <p>This week's roundup is again published by category and sorted by number of articles included in each. The formatting is a bit different compared to previous weeks, though. We are still interested in feedback to hone the categorization, so if you spot any clear misses and/or have suggestions for additional categories, please let us know in the comments. Thanks!</p>
12. <h3>Stories we promoted this week, by category:</h3>
13. <p><strong>Climate Change Impacts (11 articles)</strong></p>
14. <ul>
15. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 23: <strong><a href="https://e360.yale.edu/features/plant-metacollections" target="_blank">Imperiled in the Wild, Many Plants May Survive Only in Gardens</a></strong>, Yale Environment 360, Janet Marinelli. <em>As the impacts of climate change and other threats mount, conservationists are racing to preserve endangered plant species in botanical garden “metacollections” in the hope of eventually returning them to the wild. But what happens when there is no suitable habitat to return them to?</em></li>
16. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 23: <strong><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/glacier-melt-threatens-water-supplies-for-two-billion-people-un-warns/" target="_blank">Glacier melt threatens water supplies for two billion people, UN warns</a></strong>, Ice, Carbon Brief, Ayesha Tandon. <em>Climate change and “unsustainable human activities” are driving “unprecedented changes” to mountains and glaciers, threatening access to fresh water for more than two billion people, a UN report warns.</em></li>
17. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 24: <strong><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2025/03/24/weather/wildfires-carolinas-evacuations-burn-ban-hnk/index.html" target="_blank">Wildfires in the Carolinas burn more than 6,000 acres, prompting evacuations, a burn ban and National Guard deployment</a></strong>, CNN Weather, Karina Tsui. <em></em></li>
18. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 25: <strong><a href="https://apnews.com/article/climate-change-extremes-drought-flood-rain-hydrological-cycle-b1f3e71ec6bac03f7c72a16be2739b01" target="_blank">From deluges to drought: Climate change speeds up water cycle, triggers more extreme weather</a></strong>, Climate, AP News, Tammy Webber & Donavon Brutus. <em></em></li>
19. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 26: <strong><a href="https://phys.org/news/2025-03-future-southern-ocean-ecosystems.html" target="_blank">Forecasting the future of Southern Ocean ecosystems</a></strong>, Phys.org, Rebecca Owen, Eos . <em></em></li>
20. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 27: <strong><a href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/03/1161526" target="_blank">Is climate science the next power source for renewable energy?</a></strong>, UN News, Laura Quinones. <em>As solar, wind, and hydropower expand, scientists say integrating climate data and forecasting is key to making renewable systems stronger. </em></li>
21. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 28: <strong><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2025/03/26/china/china-glacier-shrinking-global-warming-climate-intl-hnk/index.html" target="_blank">China’s glacier area shrinks by 26% over six decades due to global warming</a></strong>, CNN World, Reuters. <em></em></li>
22. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 28: <strong><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/24032025/noaa-critical-drought-warnings-spring-climate-outlook/" target="_blank">Despite Staff and Budget Cuts, NOAA Issues Critical Drought Warnings in Its Spring Climate Outlook</a></strong>, Science Inside Climate News , Bob Berwyn. <em>The embattled agency continues to disseminate crucial updates in a hostile political environment, while scientists warn that cutting climate intelligence is folly at a time of escalating climate extremes.</em></li>
23. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 28: <strong><a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2025/03/28/severe-weather-forecast-wildfires-tornadoes/82702092007/" target="_blank">Fires rage, spread across Carolinas as central US braces for severe weekend weather</a></strong>, Nation, USA TODAY, Christopher Cann. <em></em></li>
24. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 29: <strong><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/27032025/earth-land-masses-drying-out-fast/" target="_blank">Earth’s Land Masses Are Drying Out Fast, Scientists Warn</a></strong>, Science, inside Climate News, Bob Berwyn. <em>Researchers comparing satellite measurements of the planet’s water with the wobble in its rotation identified a steady loss of global soil moisture.</em></li>
25. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 29: <strong><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/arctic-sea-ice-winter-peak-in-2025-is-smallest-in-47-year-record/" target="_blank">Arctic sea ice winter peak in 2025 is smallest in 47-year record</a></strong>, ice, Carbon Brief, Ayesha Tandon. <em> Arctic sea ice has recorded its smallest winter peak extent since satellite records began 47 years ago, new data reveals.</em></li>
26. </ul>
27. <!--more-->
28. <p><strong>Climate Policy and Politics (11 articles)</strong></p>
29. <ul>
30. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 23: <strong><a href="https://defector.com/an-interview-with-a-fired-noaa-director" target="_blank">An Interview With A Fired NOAA Director</a></strong>, Defector, Sabrina Imbler. <em></em></li>
31. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 23: <strong><a href="https://thehill.com/opinion/energy-environment/5208435-we-need-to-build-a-climate-coalition-not-fight-a-culture-war/" target="_blank">We need to build a climate coalition, not fight a culture war</a></strong>, Energy & Environment, The Hill, Opinion by Michael Vandenbergh & Joan Williams. <em></em></li>
32. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 24: <strong><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/22032025/colorado-climate-action-trump-administration/" target="_blank">Can Colorado Keep Its Momentum on Climate Action as the Trump Administration Pulls Back Federal Support?</a></strong>, Politics, Inside Climate News, Wyatt Myskow. <em>Colorado Gov. Jared Polis said his administration remains committed to cutting emissions and expanding renewable energy, despite the federal government’s about face on climate.</em></li>
33. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 24: <strong><a href="https://grist.org/extreme-weather/the-trump-administrations-climate-policies-jeopardize-research-in-disaster-prone-puerto-rico/" target="_blank">The Trump administration`s climate policies jeopardize research in disaster-prone Puerto Rico</a></strong>, Grist, Víctor Rodríguez Velázquez. <em>As one of the regions most affected by the global climate crisis, local scientists are struggling with canceled research grants and funding cuts from federal agencies.</em></li>
34. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 25: <strong><a href="https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/eu-delay-2040-climate-target-proposal-beyond-q1-commission-2025-03-21/" target="_blank">EU delays 2040 climate target proposal beyond Q1</a></strong>, Sustainability, Reuters,, Kate Abnett & Charlotte Van Campenhout. <em></em></li>
35. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 25: <strong><a href="https://www.climatechangenews.com/2025/03/25/hidden-cost-how-keeping-climate-data-classified-hurts-developing-countries/" target="_blank">Hidden cost: How keeping climate data classified hurts developing countries</a></strong>, Climate Home News, Rachel Santarsiero. <em> The National Security Archive is calling for the release of a major US intelligence assessment on climate change and security </em></li>
36. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 26: <strong><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-solutions/2025/03/22/home-rebates-heat-pumps-states/" target="_blank">The states where you can still get cash for clean energy</a></strong>, Climate Solutions, Washington Post, Shannon Osaka. <em>President Donald Trump has taken aim at green programs — but these states are forging ahead.</em></li>
37. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 26: <strong><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/24/opinion/trump-gas-solar-energy.html" target="_blank">The Oil Oligarch Who Wants to Take Us Back to the 1990s</a></strong>, New York Times, Opinion by Russell Gold. <em></em></li>
38. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 27: <strong><a href="https://thebulletin.org/2025/03/maine-senator-grills-intelligence-director-gabbard-on-omission-of-climate-change-from-annual-threat-report/" target="_blank">Maine senator grills intelligence director Gabbard on omission of climate change from annual threat report</a></strong>, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Jessica McKenzie. <em></em></li>
39. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 27: <strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/ng-interactive/2025/mar/26/extreme-weather-risk-tool-fema-trump" target="_blank">Trump`s `climate` purge deleted a new extreme weather risk tool. We recreated it</a></strong>, The Guardian, Oliver Milman and Andrew Witherspoon. <em>The Guardian has recreated a searchable climate future risk tool developed by Fema but then deleted</em></li>
40. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 29: <strong><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2025/03/climate-change-arctic-greenland-trump-military/682225/" target="_blank">The Truth About Trump’s Greenland Campaign</a></strong>, Science, The Atlantic Magazine, Brett Simpson. <em></em></li>
41. </ul>
42. <p><strong>Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation (1 article)</strong></p>
43. <ul>
44. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 29: <strong><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-how-human-behaviour-shapes-effective-climate-policies/" target="_blank">There is clear evidence that technological change will be insufficient to meet UK and global climate goals on its own, leaving a vital role for consumer and business behaviour change.</a></strong>, Guest Post, Carbon Brief,, Lorraine Whitmarsh. <em></em></li>
45. </ul>
46. <p><strong>Climate Education and Communication (1 article)</strong></p>
47. <ul>
48. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 28: <strong><a href="https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/the-impacts-of-climate-activism/" target="_blank">The impacts of climate activism</a></strong>, Yale Program on Climate Change Communications, Laura Thomas-Walters, Eric Scheuch, Abby Ong & Matthew Goldberg. <em></em></li>
49. </ul>
50. <p><strong>Climate Law and Justice (1 article)</strong></p>
51. <ul>
52. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 29: <strong><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/27032025/supreme-court-declines-to-hear-juliana-v-united-states-fossil-fuel-policies/" target="_blank">Supreme Court Declines to Hear Youth-Led Climate Case. The Youth Say They Will Fight On</a></strong>, Justice & Health, Inside Climate News, Amy Green. <em>Juliana v. United States sought to hold the federal government accountable for its fossil fuel policies, saying they infringed on their right to life, liberty and property.</em></li>
53. </ul>
54. <p><strong>Climate Science and Research (1 article)</strong></p>
55. <ul>
56. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 23: <strong><a href="https://reportearth.substack.com/p/the-overwhelming-growth-of-climate" target="_blank">The overwhelming growth of climate change science</a></strong>, ReportEarth, Chris Mooney. <em>And the media and communication challenge that it poses.</em></li>
57. </ul>
58. <p><strong>Geoengineering (1 article)</strong></p>
59. <ul>
60. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 24: <strong><a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/is-carbon-capture-a-solution-to-the-climate-crisis/" target="_blank">Is carbon capture a solution to the climate crisis?</a></strong>, Sunday Morning, CBS News, David Pogue. <em></em></li>
61. </ul>
62. <p><strong>International Climate Conferences and Agreements (1 article)</strong></p>
63. <ul>
64. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 26: <strong><a href="https://www.climatechangenews.com/2025/03/26/un-germany-say-tackling-climate-crisis-is-path-to-economic-and-national-security/" target="_blank">UN, Germany say tackling climate crisis is path to economic and national security</a></strong>, Climate Home News, Megan Rowling. <em>Top diplomats urge governments gathered at conferences in Berlin to seize the opportunities offered by a green transition to shore up growth and peace </em></li>
65. </ul>
66. <p><strong>Miscellaneous (Other 1 article)</strong></p>
67. <ul>
68. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 23: <strong><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/2025-SkS-Weekly-News-Roundup_12.html" target="_blank">2025 SkS Weekly Climate Change & Global Warming News Roundup #12</a></strong>, Skeptical Science, Bärbel Winkler, John Hartz & Doug Bostrom. <em>A listing of 31 news and opinion articles we found interesting and shared on social media during the past week: Sun, March 16, 2025 thru Sat, March 22, 2025.</em></li>
69. </ul>
70. <p><strong>Public Misunderstandings about Climate Science (1 article)</strong></p>
71. <ul>
72. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 24: <strong><a href="https://www.theclimatebrink.com/p/climate-skeptics-have-new-favorite" target="_blank">Climate skeptics have new favorite graph; it shows the opposite of what they claim</a></strong>, The Climate Brink, Zeke Hausfather and Devin Rand. <em>It actually makes the case that CO? is the dominant control on Earth’s temperature</em></li>
73. </ul>
74. <p><strong>Public Misunderstandings about Climate Solutions (1 article)</strong></p>
75. <ul>
76. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;">March 29: <strong><a href="https://sks.to/windco2" target="_blank">Sabin Rebuttal #21 - How does production of wind turbine components compare with burning fossil fuels?</a></strong>, Skeptical Science, Sabin Climate Team. <em>The average lifecycle emissions of coal is 77 times greater than wind energy.</em></li>
77. </ul>
78. &lt;div class="bluebox"&gt;If you happen upon high quality climate-science and/or climate-myth busting articles from reliable sources while surfing the web, please feel free to submit them via&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://sks.to/FB-posts-form" target="_blank"&gt;this Google form&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; so that we may share them widely. Thanks!&lt;/div&gt;</description>
79. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/2025-SkS-Weekly-News-Roundup_13.html</link>
80. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/2025-SkS-Weekly-News-Roundup_13.html</guid>
81. <pubDate>Sun, 30 Mar 2025 10:52:33 EST</pubDate>
82. </item>  <item>
83. <title>Skeptical Science New Research for Week #13 2025</title>
84. <description>&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Open access notables&lt;img class="figureright zoomable" src="https://skepticalscience.com//pics/SkS_weekly_research_small.jpg" alt="" width="250" height="139" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
85. <p><span><span><strong><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02282-5" target="_blank">New coasts emerging from the retreat of Northern Hemisphere marine-terminating glaciers in the twenty-first century</a></strong>, Kavan et al., <em>Nature Climate Change:</em></span></span></p>
86. <blockquote>
87. <p><em>Accelerated climate warming has caused the majority of marine-terminating glaciers in the Northern Hemisphere to retreat substantially during the twenty-first century. While glacier retreat and changes in mass balance are widely studied on a global scale, the impacts of deglaciation on adjacent coastal geomorphology are often overlooked and therefore poorly understood. Here we examine changes in proglacial zones of marine-terminating glaciers across the Northern Hemisphere to quantify the length of new coastline that has been exposed by glacial retreat between 2000 and 2020. We identified a total of 2,466 ± 0.8 km (123 km a−1) of new coastline with most (66%) of the total length occurring in Greenland. These young paraglacial coastlines are highly dynamic, exhibiting high sediment fluxes and rapidly evolving landforms. Retreating glaciers and associated newly exposed coastline can have important impacts on local ecosystems and Arctic communities.</em></p>
88. </blockquote>
89. <p><span><strong><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57897-1" target="_blank">Quantifying both socioeconomic and climate uncertainty in coupled human–Earth systems analysis</a></strong>, Morris et al., <em>Nature Communications:</em></span></p>
90. <blockquote>
91. <p><em>Information about the likelihood of various outcomes is needed to inform discussions about climate mitigation and adaptation. Here we provide integrated, probabilistic socio-economic and climate projections, using estimates of probability distributions for key parameters in both human and Earth system components of a coupled model. We find that policy lowers the upper tail of temperature change more than the median. We also find that while human system uncertainties dominate uncertainty of radiative forcing, Earth system uncertainties contribute more than twice as much to temperature uncertainty in scenarios without fixed emissions paths, reflecting the uncertainty of translating radiative forcing into temperature. The combination of human and Earth system uncertainty is less than additive, illustrating the value of integrated modeling. Further, we find that policy costs are more uncertain in low- and middle-income economies, and that renewables are robust investments across a wide range of policies and socio-economic uncertainties.</em></p>
92. </blockquote>
93. <p><strong><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef004870" target="_blank">Thirstwaves: Prolonged Periods of Agricultural Exposure to Extreme Atmospheric Evaporative Demand for Water</a></strong>, Kukal & Hobbins, <em>Earth's Future:</em></p>
94. <blockquote>
95. <p><em>The atmosphere is getting more demanding for water around the world, and this affects water use and farming outcomes. Previously, studies mainly looked at the overall atmospheric demand for water, but little is known about changes in occurrence of very high atmospheric demand for water over consecutive days. In this study, we use introduce the idea of “thirstwaves,” which are long periods of very high atmospheric demand for water. We looked at these thirstwaves that have occurred during 1981–2021 in the US and analyzed them for how intense and how frequent they were and how many days they lasted. We found that the worst thirstwaves happened in places that do not see the highest demand. Over time, all aspects of these thirstwaves have gotten worse. It has also become much less likely that a growing season will pass without any thirstwaves. These findings suggest that in addition to monitoring overall atmospheric demand for water, it's important to track, measure, and report thirstwaves to those managing agriculture and water resources.</em></p>
96. </blockquote>
97. <p><span><strong><a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000589" target="_blank"><em>KlimaSeniorinnen</em> case: Climate change legal scholarship needs empiricism, not hype</a></strong>, Bétaille & Chapron, <em>PLOS Climate:</em></span></p>
98. <blockquote>
99. <p><em>In April 2024, the European Court of Human Rights ruled in the KlimaSeniorinnen case that Switzerland had not implemented a legal framework capable of addressing climate change and that this constituted a violation of the right to private and family life. Despite being celebrated as “historic,” this ruling reflects established case law rather than a legal breakthrough. Hyperbolic reactions reveal a lack of empirical rigor in legal commentary, which undermines evidence-based climate policymaking. We caution against exaggerating the impact of individual rulings, given limited evidence of their influence on climate policies and emissions reductions, and encourage legal scholars to instead adopt methodological rigor akin to practices in other scientific disciplines. Specifically, we advocate for empirical approaches in law, through comprehensive data collection, robust statistical methods, and systematic analysis to better understand the role of courts in climate change mitigation.</em></p>
100. </blockquote>
101. <p><strong><a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000588" target="_blank">COP29: From mitigation tragedy to finance farce</a></strong>, Harris, <em>PLOS Climate:</em></p>
102. <blockquote>
103. <p><em>The twenty-ninth conference of the parties (COP29) to the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) met in November 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan. The resulting Baku Climate Unity Pact comprised several agreements on greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation, climate finance and adaptation. The pact demonstrated an unfortunate unity on two things: there is no concerted global determination to do what is necessary to cut, let alone cut rapidly, the anthropogenic causes of climate change, nor is there sufficient collective will to limit markedly its painful manifestations on vulnerable societies.</em> </p>
104. </blockquote>
105. <h3>From this week's government/NGO <a href="https://skepticalscience.com/Liability Considerations for Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal Projects in U.S. Waters, Silverman-Roati et al, Columbia Law School  Scientists have identified several land- and ocean-based carbon dioxide removal (“CDR”) approaches. Ocean-based approaches, also known as marine CDR, hold great potential for the uptake and sequestration of carbon dioxide. However, controlled field trials in the ocean are needed to better understand the efficacy and impacts of several marine CDR approaches. Legal considerations will have a major bearing on whether, when, where, and how much field research goes forward. Previous studies have analyzed the potential international and domestic legal framework applicable to marine CDR research and subsequent deployment if that is ultimately deemed appropriate. However, relatively little research has analyzed the potential for this legal framework to impose liability on marine CDR project proponents (e.g., for environmental harms resulting from their activities). The authors begin to fill that gap about projects in U.S. ocean waters by analyzing potential liability for marine CDR project proponents under U.S. federal statute, and federal and state tort law." target="_blank">section</a>:</h3>
106. <p><strong><a href="https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1245&context=sabin_climate_change" target="_blank">Liability Considerations for Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal Projects in U.S. Waters</a>, </strong>Silverman-Roati et al, <strong>Columbia Law School</strong></p>
107. <blockquote>Scientists have identified several land- and ocean-based carbon dioxide removal (“CDR”) approaches. Ocean-based approaches, also known as marine CDR, hold great potential for the uptake and sequestration of carbon dioxide. However, controlled field trials in the ocean are needed to better understand the efficacy and impacts of several marine CDR approaches. Legal considerations will have a major bearing on whether, when, where, and how much field research goes forward. Previous studies have analyzed the potential international and domestic legal framework applicable to marine CDR research and subsequent deployment if that is ultimately deemed appropriate. However, relatively little research has analyzed the potential for this legal framework to impose liability on marine CDR project proponents (e.g., for environmental harms resulting from their activities). The authors begin to fill that gap about projects in U.S. ocean waters by analyzing potential liability for marine CDR project proponents under U.S. federal statute, and federal and state tort law.</blockquote>
108. <p><strong><a href="https://australiainstitute.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/P1798-AEMO-Media-Coverage-Web-1.pdf" target="_blank">Media coverage of AEMO’s Gas Statement of Opportunities. Using the Australia Institute’s ‘scare scale’ to analyse coverage of Australia’s gas shortage myth</a>, </strong>Black et al,. <strong>The Austrailia Institute</strong></p>
109. <blockquote>Australia is one of the world’s largest producers of gas, yet Australians are routinely told that the country is about to run out of gas for domestic use. A key moment each year for the propagation of Australia’s gas shortage myth is the release of the Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO)’s Gas Statement of Opportunities (GSOO). With the 2025 GSOO scheduled to be released in March, the authors have analysed coverage of the 2024 GSOO using a new method – the “scare scale”. The scare scale measures emotive words such as “crisis”, “dark” and “blackout” as a portion of total word count of relevant articles.</blockquote>
110. <h3>134 articles in 58 journals by 828 contributing authors</h3>
111. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Physical science of climate change, effects</strong></p>
112. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-00900-9" target="_blank">Arctic warming as a potential trigger for the warm blob in the northeast Pacific</a>, Chen et al., <em>npj Climate and Atmospheric Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41612-025-00900-9</p>
113. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02170-y" target="_blank">Deep ocean cooling and freshening from Subpolar North Atlantic reaches Subtropics at 26.5°N</a>, Chomiak et al., <em>Communications Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s43247-025-02170-y</p>
114. <!--more-->
115. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02202-7" target="_blank">Future enhanced threshold effects of wildfire drivers could increase burned areas in northern mid- and high latitudes</a>, Zhao et al., <em>Communications Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s43247-025-02202-7</p>
116. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2025.114715" target="_blank">Quantified positive radiative forcing at a greening Canadian boreal-Arctic transition over the last four decades</a>, Dominé et al., <em>Remote Sensing of Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2025.114715" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.rse.2025.114715</p>
117. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3445-2025" target="_blank">Study of optical scattering properties and direct radiative effects of high-altitude cirrus clouds in Barcelona, Spain, with 4 years of lidar measurements</a>, Gil-Díaz et al., <em>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/acp" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/acp-25-3445-2025</p>
118. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Observations of climate change, effects</strong></p>
119. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02302-4" target="_blank">A westward shift of heatwave hotspots caused by warming-enhanced land–air coupling</a>, Zhang et al., <em>Nature Climate Change</em> 10.1038/s41558-025-02302-4</p>
120. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adt5369" target="_blank">Climate warming and heatwaves accelerate global lake deoxygenation</a>, Zhang et al., <em>Science Advances</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adt5369" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1126/sciadv.adt5369</p>
121. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8837" target="_blank">Cruel Summer (and Autumn): Humid Heat Trends, Extremes, and Mechanisms in the Southeast United States</a>, Milrad et al., <em>International Journal of Climatology</em> 10.1002/joc.8837</p>
122. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.02.004" target="_blank">Impact of climate change on landslides along N-15 Highway, northern Pakistan</a>, Ramzan et al., <em>Advances in Climate Change Research</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.02.004" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.accre.2025.02.004</p>
123. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110507" target="_blank">Multifactorial interactions contribute to contrasting wildfire trends at mid–high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere</a>, Zhao et al., <em>Agricultural and Forest Meteorology</em> 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110507</p>
124. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02282-5" target="_blank">New coasts emerging from the retreat of Northern Hemisphere marine-terminating glaciers in the twenty-first century</a>, Kavan et al., <em>Nature Climate Change</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41558-025-02282-5</p>
125. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.03.003" target="_blank">Recent warming trends in Antarctica revealed by multiple reanalysis</a>, Wang et al., <em>Advances in Climate Change Research</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.03.003" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.accre.2025.03.003</p>
126. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Instrumentation & observational methods of climate change, effects</strong></p>
127. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/gdj3.70000" target="_blank">ClimUAd: Observation-Based Gridded Daily Climate Data for Ukraine, 1946–2020</a>, Osadchyi et al., <em>Geoscience Data Journal</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/gdj3.70000" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1002/gdj3.70000</p>
128. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108073" target="_blank">How well do the reanalysis datasets capture hot and cold extremes and their trends in India?</a>, Bhattacharyya et al., <em>Atmospheric Research</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108073" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108073</p>
129. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8823" target="_blank">Improved Trend Analysis With EOFs and Application to Warming of Polar Regions</a>, Phillips & Kantz, <em>International Journal of Climatology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8823" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1002/joc.8823</p>
130. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000584" target="_blank">Integrated carbon storage data and models for climate risk management</a>, Balbi et al., <em>PLOS Climate</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000584" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1371/journal.pclm.0000584</p>
131. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-24-0034.1" target="_blank">Relationships between Environmental Parameters and Storm Observations in Po Valley: Are They Climate Change Invariant?</a>, Manzato et al., <em>Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology</em> 10.1175/jamc-d-24-0034.1</p>
132. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108086" target="_blank">Spatiotemporal variations of global precipitation concentration and potential links to flood-drought events in past 70?years</a>, Sun et al., <em>Atmospheric Research</em> 10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108086</p>
133. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Modeling, simulation & projection of climate change, effects</strong></p>
134. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl114532" target="_blank">Collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a Strongly Eddying Ocean-Only Model</a>, van Westen et al., <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl114532" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024gl114532</p>
135. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jd042490" target="_blank">Contrasting Arctic Amplification Response in the Community Earth System Model Large Ensembles and Implications for the North Atlantic Region</a>, Arnheim et al., <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jd042490" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024jd042490</p>
136. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jd042615" target="_blank">Distinct Future Changes and Biases of Tropical Cyclone Activities Between Fully-Coupled and Atmospheric-Only Models in the CMIP6-HighResMIP</a>, Wang et al., <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</em> 10.1029/2024jd042615</p>
137. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01003-1" target="_blank">Future climate response to observed strong El Niño analogues</a>, Trascasa-Castro et al., <em>npj Climate and Atmospheric Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41612-025-01003-1</p>
138. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02221-4" target="_blank">High-latitude Southern Ocean eddy activity projected to evolve with anthropogenic climate change</a>, Beech et al., <em>Communications Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s43247-025-02221-4</p>
139. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl114630" target="_blank">Projected Antarctic Land Warming and Uncertainty Driven by Atmospheric Heat Transport</a>, Zhang et al., <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl114630" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2025gl114630</p>
140. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Advancement of climate & climate effects modeling, simulation & projection</strong></p>
141. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4401-2024" target="_blank">An improved and extended parameterization of the CO2 15 µm cooling in the middle and upper atmosphere (CO2&cool&fort-1.0)</a>, López-Puertas et al., <em>Geoscientific Model Development</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/gmd-17-4401-2024</p>
142. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8842" target="_blank">Impact of the CMIP6 Model Resolution on the Future Behaviour of Wind-Driven Wave Climate for the North Indian Ocean</a>, Krishnan & Neetu, <em>International Journal of Climatology</em> 10.1002/joc.8842</p>
143. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57897-1" target="_blank">Quantifying both socioeconomic and climate uncertainty in coupled human–Earth systems analysis</a>, Morris et al., <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41467-025-57897-1</p>
144. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Cryosphere & climate change</strong></p>
145. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.03.002" target="_blank">Global glacier albedo trends over 2000?2022: Drivers and implications</a>, WANG et al., <em>Advances in Climate Change Research</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.03.002" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.accre.2025.03.002</p>
146. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113601" target="_blank">Identifying Physical Drivers of Arctic Sea Ice Growth and Their Changing Roles in a Warming Climate</a>, Siew et al., <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113601" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024gl113601</p>
147. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.03.007" target="_blank">Inconsistent response patterns of snow cover duration and snow depth over the Tibetan Plateau to global warming</a>, Jiang et al., <em>Advances in Climate Change Research</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.03.007" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.accre.2025.03.007</p>
148. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.02.008" target="_blank">Projection of sea ice conditions in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago based on CMIP6 assessments</a>, Liang et al., <em>Advances in Climate Change Research</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.02.008" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.accre.2025.02.008</p>
149. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110506" target="_blank">Shifts in soil freeze-thaw cycle and their climate impacts along the alpine wetland-grassland continuum</a>, Wang et al., <em>Agricultural and Forest Meteorology</em> 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110506</p>
150. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1357" target="_blank">The glaciers of the Dolomites: the last 40 years of melting</a>, Securo et al., <em></em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/tc" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/egusphere-2024-1357</p>
151. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.03.008" target="_blank">Uncertainties in global permafrost area extent estimates from different methods</a>, Li et al., <em>Advances in Climate Change Research</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.03.008" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.accre.2025.03.008</p>
152. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Biology & climate change, related geochemistry</strong></p>
153. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126325" target="_blank"><em>Picea abies</em> and <em>Pinus cembra</em> at high altitudes show different growth reaction to rising temperatures: Study from the Western Carpathian subalpine forests</a>, Marcis et al., <em>Dendrochronologia</em> 10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126325</p>
154. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jc022284" target="_blank">Abrupt Changes in the Timing and Magnitude of the North Atlantic Bloom Over the 21st Century</a>, Kelly et al., <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jc022284" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024jc022284</p>
155. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gb008358" target="_blank">Biological Responses to Ocean Acidification Are Changing the Global Ocean Carbon Cycle</a>, Barrett et al., <em>Global Biogeochemical Cycles</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gb008358" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024gb008358</p>
156. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13852" target="_blank">Capacity for recovery in Bornean orangutan populations when limiting offtake and retaining forest</a>, Seaman et al., <em>Diversity and Distributions</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/ddi.13852" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/ddi.13852" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1111/ddi.13852</p>
157. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71146" target="_blank">Complex Responses to Climate Warming of Arctic-Alpine Plant Populations From Different Geographic Provenance</a>, Brancaleoni et al., <em>Ecology and Evolution</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71146" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1002/ece3.71146</p>
158. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70014" target="_blank">Conservation gaps for threatened ungulates in China under human disturbance and climate change</a>, Zhang et al., <em>Conservation Biology</em> 10.1111/cobi.70014</p>
159. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2024.2679" target="_blank">Contrasting effects of climate warming on hosts and parasitoids: insights from Rocky Mountain aspen leaf miners and their parasitoids</a>, Shah et al., <em>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2024.2679" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1098/rspb.2024.2679</p>
160. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-679-2025" target="_blank">Decadal changes in phytoplankton functional composition in the Eastern English Channel: possible upcoming major effects of climate change</a>, Hubert et al., <em>Ocean Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/os" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/os-21-679-2025</p>
161. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126302" target="_blank">Drought limits growth and hydraulic capacity of two ecologically and economically important tree species in the Lesser Caucasus</a>, Voß et al., <em>Dendrochronologia</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126302" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126302</p>
162. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126322" target="_blank">Elevation-dependent breakpoint in climate forcing of tree growth in the Turtmann River Basin, Switzerland</a>, Islam et al., <em>Dendrochronologia</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126322" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126322</p>
163. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107108" target="_blank">Impact of climate change to the potential habitat distribution of three cephalopod species from offshore of Zhejiang</a>, Li et al., <em>Marine Environmental Research</em> 10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107108</p>
164. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107076" target="_blank">Lasting impacts of rapid salinity change on physiological energetics of estuarine oysters (<em>Crassostrea hongkongensis</em>)</a>, Yao et al., <em>Marine Environmental Research</em> 10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107076</p>
165. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005521" target="_blank">Microbially-Mediated Soil Carbon-Nitrogen Dynamics in Response to Future Soil Moisture Change</a>, Li et al., <em>Earth's Future</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005521" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024ef005521</p>
166. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107098" target="_blank">Nitrate enrichment exacerbates microbiome and metabolism disturbances of the coral holobiont under heat stress</a>, Yang et al., <em>Marine Environmental Research</em> 10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107098</p>
167. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13701" target="_blank">Partitioning the effects of habitat loss, hunting and climate change on the endangered Chacoan peccary</a>, Torres et al., <em>Diversity and Distributions</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/ddi.13701" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/ddi.13701" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1111/ddi.13701</p>
168. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13918" target="_blank">Problems with combining modelling and social science approaches to understand artisanal fisheries bycatch</a>, Villar et al., <em>Diversity and Distributions</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13918" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1111/ddi.13918</p>
169. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jd042210" target="_blank">The Boundary Layer Wind Characteristics of Typhoon Muifa (2022) at Lujiazui, Shanghai Observed by A Ground-Based Doppler Wind Lidar</a>, Sun et al., <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</em> 10.1029/2024jd042210</p>
170. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07370-1" target="_blank">The effect of a climatic compound drought and heatwave event on the dune-building grass Elytrigia juncea</a>, Berghuis et al., <em>Plant and Soil</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1007/s11104-025-07370-1</p>
171. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107102" target="_blank">Transcription of Genes Involved in Bleaching of a Coral Reef Species <em>Acropora downingi</em> (Wallace, 1999) in Response to high Temperature</a>, Javid et al., <em>Marine Environmental Research</em> 10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107102</p>
172. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71116" target="_blank">Upward and Northwest Range Shifts for Four Endemic Lamiaceae Medicinal Herbs in the Third Pole</a>, Wang et al., <em>Ecology and Evolution</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71116" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1002/ece3.71116</p>
173. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13771" target="_blank">Using automated content analysis to monitor global online trade in endemic reptile species</a>, Rinne et al., <em>Diversity and Distributions</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/ddi.13771" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/ddi.13771" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1111/ddi.13771</p>
174. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>GHG sources & sinks, flux, related geochemistry</strong></p>
175. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104803" target="_blank">Changes in grassland types caused by climate change and anthropogenic activities have increased carbon storage in alpine grassland ecosystem</a>, Zhang et al., <em>Global and Planetary Change</em> 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104803</p>
176. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107061" target="_blank">CO<sub>2</sub> dynamics and sequestration potential in high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll bays: A case study of Yueqing Bay</a>, Zhang et al., <em>Marine Environmental Research</em> 10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107061</p>
177. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1509-2025" target="_blank">Constraining 2010–2020 Amazonian carbon flux estimates with satellite solar-induced fluorescence (SIF)</a>, Dayalu et al., <em>Biogeosciences</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/bg" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/bg-22-1509-2025</p>
178. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl111393" target="_blank">Emissions of Perfluorinated Greenhouse Gases in Southeastern China Derived From High-Frequency In Situ Observations</a>, Chen et al., <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl111393" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024gl111393</p>
179. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02271-8" target="_blank">Microbial photosynthesis mitigates carbon loss from northern peatlands under warming</a>, Hamard et al., <em>Nature Climate Change</em> 10.1038/s41558-025-02271-8</p>
180. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57900-9" target="_blank">Nonlinear microbial thermal response and its implications for abrupt soil organic carbon responses to warming</a>, Yu et al., <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41467-025-57900-9</p>
181. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adk1637" target="_blank">Recent gains in global terrestrial carbon stocks are mostly stored in nonliving pools</a>, Bar-On et al., <em>Science</em> 10.1126/science.adk1637</p>
182. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1217-2025" target="_blank">Revised and updated geospatial monitoring of 21st century forest carbon fluxes</a>, Gibbs et al., <em>Earth System Science Data</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/essd" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/essd-17-1217-2025</p>
183. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2023.02.001" target="_blank">Spatial and temporal variations of gross primary production simulated by land surface model BCC&AVIM2.0</a>, Li et al., <em>Advances in Climate Change Research</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2023.02.001" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.accre.2023.02.001</p>
184. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-025-02176-0" target="_blank">The BCL2 family: from apoptosis mechanisms to new advances in targeted therapy</a>, Vogler et al., <em>Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41392-025-02176-0</p>
185. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>CO2 capture, sequestration science & engineering</strong></p>
186. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2025.2479516" target="_blank">Assessing carbon stock and sequestration potential under land use and land cover dynamics in the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia</a>, Tikuye et al., <em>Carbon Management</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2025.2479516" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1080/17583004.2025.2479516</p>
187. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107067" target="_blank">Assessing the contribution of Tidal Flats to climate change and carbon neutrality through modeling approaches</a>, Yang et al., <em>Marine Environmental Research</em> 10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107067</p>
188. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adw3259" target="_blank">Looking beyond the trees for carbon storage</a>, Canadell, <em>Science</em> 10.1126/science.adw3259</p>
189. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02190-8" target="_blank">Targeted carbon dioxide removal measures are essential for the cost and energy transformation of the electricity sector by 2050</a>, Afrane et al., <em>Communications Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s43247-025-02190-8</p>
190. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Decarbonization</strong></p>
191. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2025.101660" target="_blank">Analysis of real performance and seasonal prediction of a 23 MWp grid-connected photovoltaic plant in Senegal: Case of Diass</a>, Ndiaye et al., <em>Energy for Sustainable Development</em> 10.1016/j.esd.2025.101660</p>
192. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.103972" target="_blank">Community-led solar energy technology adoption in rural Zambia: The role of observational learning and neighbor influence</a>, Chanda et al., <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.103972" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.erss.2025.103972</p>
193. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2025.101685" target="_blank">Comparative carbon footprint of electric and hydrogen vehicles: Insights from Morocco, Africa, and global energy transitions</a>, Khaldi & Mounir, <em>Energy for Sustainable Development</em> 10.1016/j.esd.2025.101685</p>
194. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.103990" target="_blank">Electric vehicles and rooftop solar energy: Consumption values influencing decisions and barriers to co-adoption in the United States</a>, Bull et al., <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> 10.1016/j.erss.2025.103990</p>
195. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102374" target="_blank">Urban cooling and CO<sub>2</sub> reduction potentials of mass deployment of heat pump water heaters in Tokyo</a>, Yamaguchi et al., <em>Urban Climate</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102374" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102374</p>
196. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Geoengineering climate</strong></p>
197. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.1450468" target="_blank">Direct effects of ocean alkalinity enhancement in the Baltic Sea–results from in-silico experiments</a>, Anschütz et al., <em>Frontiers in Climate</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.1450468" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.3389/fclim.2025.1450468</p>
198. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2025.2481706" target="_blank">Geoengineering discourse confronting climate change: the move from margins to mainstream in science, news media, and politics</a>, Anjana, <em>Environmental Politics</em> 10.1080/09644016.2025.2481706</p>
199. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113914" target="_blank">Stratospheric Aerosol Injection Would Change Cloud Brightness</a>, Gristey & Feingold, <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113914" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024gl113914</p>
200. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Black carbon</strong> <strong>Aerosols</strong></p>
201. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112474" target="_blank">Multi-Model Assessment of the Role of Anthropogenic Aerosols in Summertime Climate Change in Europe</a>, Nabat et al., <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112474" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024gl112474</p>
202. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Climate change communications & cognition</strong></p>
203. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114592" target="_blank">A computational analysis of the media coverage of the European Parliament's ‘green' Designation on sustainable energy and climate change</a>, Zeler et al., <em>Energy Policy</em> 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114592</p>
204. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102579" target="_blank">As countries become more affluent, climate change attitudes are more politically polarised</a>, Czarnek et al., <em>Journal of Environmental Psychology</em> 10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102579</p>
205. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2025.2475519" target="_blank">From YouTube to Parliament: the dual role of political influencers in shaping climate change discourse</a>, Vallström & Törnberg, <em>Environmental Sociology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2025.2475519" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1080/23251042.2025.2475519</p>
206. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02267-4" target="_blank">Local fossil fuel ad ban as a catalyst for global change</a>, Bouman et al., <em>Nature Climate Change</em> 10.1038/s41558-025-02267-4</p>
207. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Agronomy, animal husbundry, food production & climate change</strong></p>
208. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005038" target="_blank">Changes in Compound Extreme Events and Their Impacts on Cropland Productivity in China, 1985–2019</a>, Liu et al., <em>Earth's Future</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005038" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024ef005038</p>
209. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.1541228" target="_blank">Factors influencing urban farmers’ intention to adapt to climate change in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a protection motivation theory</a>, Getu et al., <em>Frontiers in Climate</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.1541228" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.3389/fclim.2025.1541228</p>
210. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1153-2025" target="_blank">Global projections of heat stress at high temporal resolution using machine learning</a>, Georgiades et al., <em>Earth System Science Data</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/essd" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/essd-17-1153-2025</p>
211. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02294-1" target="_blank">Heterogeneous pressure on croplands from land-based strategies to meet the 1.5 °C target</a>, Gao et al., <em>Nature Climate Change</em> 10.1038/s41558-025-02294-1</p>
212. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005595" target="_blank">Historical and Projected Cropland Impacts of Heatwaves in Central Asia Under Climate Change</a>, Li et al., <em>Earth's Future</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005595" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024ef005595</p>
213. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-025-13907-9" target="_blank">How monitoring crops and drought, combined with climate projections, enhances food security: Insights from the Northwestern regions of Bangladesh</a>, Chowdhury et al., <em>Environmental Monitoring and Assessment</em> 10.1007/s10661-025-13907-9</p>
214. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108084" target="_blank">Increasing frequency of warm-dry climate-year type in Northeast China: A major contributor to maize yield shocks</a>, Yan et al., <em>Atmospheric Research</em> 10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108084</p>
215. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4871-2024" target="_blank">Modeling biochar effects on soil organic carbon on croplands in a microbial decomposition model (MIMICS-BC&v1.0)</a>, Han et al., <em>Geoscientific Model Development</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/gmd-17-4871-2024</p>
216. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110486" target="_blank">Modeling carbon and water fluxes in agro-pastoral systems under contrasting climates and different management practices</a>, Leolini et al., <em>Agricultural and Forest Meteorology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110486" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110486</p>
217. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70133" target="_blank">Reduced Erosion Augments Soil Carbon Storage Under Cover Crops</a>, Huang et al., <em>Global Change Biology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70133" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1111/gcb.70133</p>
218. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02290-5" target="_blank">Rising temperatures reduce the predictability of agricultural drought</a>, , <em>Nature Climate Change</em> 10.1038/s41558-025-02290-5</p>
219. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef004870" target="_blank">Thirstwaves: Prolonged Periods of Agricultural Exposure to Extreme Atmospheric Evaporative Demand for Water</a>, Kukal & Hobbins, <em>Earth's Future</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef004870" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024ef004870</p>
220. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Hydrology, hydrometeorology & climate change</strong></p>
221. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-13935" target="_blank">Future projections of summer precipitation-driving mechanisms over the South American Altiplano</a>, Agudelo et al., <em></em> 10.5194/egusphere-egu24-13935</p>
222. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005390" target="_blank">Future Soil Erosion Risk in China: Differences in Erosion Driven by General and Extreme Precipitation Under Climate Change</a>, Yin et al., <em>Earth's Future</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005390" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024ef005390</p>
223. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100463" target="_blank">Human versus climate interactions on riverine flood characteristics in the largest Indian Peninsular basin</a>, Pandey et al., <em>Anthropocene</em> 10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100463</p>
224. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01674-8" target="_blank">Mitigating sinkhole hazards intensified by climate change</a>, Yang et al., <em>Nature Geoscience</em> 10.1038/s41561-025-01674-8</p>
225. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1303-2025" target="_blank">Sea ice reduction in the Barents–Kara Sea enhances June precipitation in the Yangtze River basin</a>, Xie et al., <em>The Cryosphere</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/tc" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/tc-19-1303-2025</p>
226. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Climate change economics</strong></p>
227. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114607" target="_blank">Green finance reform under climate policy uncertainty: Implications for energy transition and security</a>, Gao, <em>Energy Policy</em> <a style="color: green;" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114607</p>
228. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2025.2473916" target="_blank">Greenhouse gas accounting for investment portfolios: quantifying financed emissions at a public research university</a>, McNamara et al., <em>Carbon Management</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2025.2473916" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1080/17583004.2025.2473916</p>
229. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2025.2481111" target="_blank">Local values, local losses: assessing and addressing loss and damage from climate change in Northcentral Bangladesh</a>, van Schie et al., <em>Climate and Development</em> 10.1080/17565529.2025.2481111</p>
230. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11146-025-10015-w" target="_blank">Perceptions of Climate Change and the Pricing of Disaster Risk in Commercial Real Estate</a>, Sirmans et al., <em>The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics</em> 10.1007/s11146-025-10015-w</p>
231. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1555143" target="_blank">The nonlinear effect of financial openness on carbon emission intensity––evidence from 144 countries</a>, Zhang et al., <em>Frontiers in Environmental Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1555143" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.3389/fenvs.2025.1555143</p>
232. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Climate change mitigation public policy research</strong></p>
233. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114591" target="_blank">Deceptive greenwashing by retail electricity providers under renewable portfolio standards: The impact of market transparency</a>, Liu & Fang, <em>Energy Policy</em> 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114591</p>
234. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104040" target="_blank">Determinants of effective participatory multi-actor climate change governance: Insights from Zambia’s environment and climate change actors</a>, Zulu et al., <em>Environmental Science & Policy</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104040" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104040</p>
235. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2481138" target="_blank">Fair carbon removal obligations under climate response uncertainty</a>, Ganti et al., <em>Climate Policy</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2481138" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1080/14693062.2025.2481138</p>
236. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02283-4" target="_blank">Fossil fuel subsidy reforms have become more fragile</a>, Mahdavi et al., <em>Nature Climate Change</em> 10.1038/s41558-025-02283-4</p>
237. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2479809" target="_blank">From silos to joined-up government? Examining national climate policy integration in Ethiopia</a>, Bimir & Matus, <em>Climate Policy</em> 10.1080/14693062.2025.2479809</p>
238. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104044" target="_blank">Just energy transition from coal in South Africa: A scoping review</a>, Patrick et al., <em>Environmental Science & Policy</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104044" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104044</p>
239. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02267-4" target="_blank">Local fossil fuel ad ban as a catalyst for global change</a>, Bouman et al., <em>Nature Climate Change</em> 10.1038/s41558-025-02267-4</p>
240. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02173-9" target="_blank">Net-zero greenhouse gas mitigation potential across multi-tier supply chains</a>, Yang et al., <em>Communications Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s43247-025-02173-9</p>
241. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104045" target="_blank">People centric policy is needed to create a clean cooling pathway for UK homes</a>, Hoggett et al., <em>Environmental Science & Policy</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104045" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104045</p>
242. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104033" target="_blank">Public resistance to climate policy amid energy crisis and populism: The case of the European Green Deal in the Czech Republic</a>, Durdovic et al., <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104033</p>
243. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2025.2471688" target="_blank">Russia’s climate policy in an era of pandemic and war: weathering disruption</a>, Henry & Sundstrom, <em>Environmental Politics</em> 10.1080/09644016.2025.2471688</p>
244. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2482111" target="_blank">Tax expenditures as tools for state-level climate action in the U.S.</a>, Gilmore & St.Clair, <em>Climate Policy</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2482111" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1080/14693062.2025.2482111</p>
245. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114608" target="_blank">The winds of change? Attitudes toward wind projects and their electoral implications in Texas</a>, Andrews et al., <em>Energy Policy</em> 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114608</p>
246. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.70011" target="_blank">Toward efficient mitigation solutions: Source-based carbon pricing and economic implications in China</a>, Wang et al., <em>Journal of Industrial Ecology</em> 10.1111/jiec.70011</p>
247. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Climate change adaptation & adaptation public policy research</strong></p>
248. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.102983" target="_blank">Agency, social networks, and adaptation to environmental change</a>, Barnes et al., <em>Global Environmental Change</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.102983" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.102983</p>
249. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2025.2476666" target="_blank">Arctic coastal communities and the social ontologies of sea ice</a>, Olsen & Bravo, <em>Environmental Sociology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2025.2476666" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1080/23251042.2025.2476666</p>
250. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cli2.70009" target="_blank">Assessing Progress in Urban Climate Adaptation: A Review of Indicators for Heat- and Water-Sensitive Urban Development</a>, Patel et al., <em>Climate Resilience and Sustainability</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cli2.70009" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1002/cli2.70009</p>
251. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.1553579" target="_blank">Climate-induced risks, adaptation, and mitigation responses: a comparative study on climate-stressed coastal communities</a>, Swarnokar et al., <em>Frontiers in Climate</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.1553579" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.3389/fclim.2025.1553579</p>
252. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cli2.70008" target="_blank">Co-constructing an Interactive Tool to Support Climate Change Resilience Planning in Industry</a>, Sroka et al., <em>Climate Resilience and Sustainability</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cli2.70008" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1002/cli2.70008</p>
253. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02191-7" target="_blank">Permafrost thaw-related infrastructure damage costs in Alaska are projected to double under medium and high emission scenarios</a>, Manos et al., <em>Communications Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s43247-025-02191-7</p>
254. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4914973" target="_blank">The role of local knowledge in enhancing climate change risk assessments in rural Northern Ireland</a>, Kennedy-Asser et al., <em></em> 10.2139/ssrn.4914973</p>
255. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Climate change impacts on human health</strong></p>
256. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef004983" target="_blank">Effects of Urbanization and Climate Change on Heat Stress Under Relatively Dry and Wet Warm Conditions in a Semi-Arid Urban Environment</a>, Salamanca?Palou et al., <em>Earth's Future</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef004983" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024ef004983</p>
257. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8843" target="_blank">Long-Term Changes of Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) Estimated From Weather Stations and Gradient-Boosted Decision Trees Throughout Japan</a>, Hiroki et al., <em>International Journal of Climatology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8843" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1002/joc.8843</p>
258. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Informed opinion, nudges & major initiatives</strong></p>
259. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000589" target="_blank"><em>KlimaSeniorinnen</em> case: Climate change legal scholarship needs empiricism, not hype</a>, Bétaille & Chapron, <em>PLOS Climate</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000589" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1371/journal.pclm.0000589</p>
260. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000590" target="_blank">Beyond Supply: The Case for Decarbonising Energy Demand</a>, Rosenow, <em>PLOS Climate</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000590" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1371/journal.pclm.0000590</p>
261. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adu9113" target="_blank">COP 30: Brazilian policies must change</a>, Fearnside & Filho, <em>Science</em> 10.1126/science.adu9113</p>
262. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000588" target="_blank">COP29: From mitigation tragedy to finance farce</a>, Harris, <em>PLOS Climate</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000588" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1371/journal.pclm.0000588</p>
263. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1585229" target="_blank">Editorial: Urban environments and climate change: relationships and impacts</a>, Khalid, <em>Frontiers in Environmental Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1585229" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.3389/fenvs.2025.1585229</p>
264. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02293-2" target="_blank">Improving future climate meetings</a>, Hadden & Prakash , <em>Nature Climate Change</em> <a style="color: green;" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41558-025-02293-2</p>
265. <hr />
266. <h3><a id="gov-ngo"></a>Articles/Reports from Agencies and Non-Governmental Organizations Addressing Aspects of Climate Change</h3>
267. <p><strong><a href="https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2025-03/2025_02_climate_peace_and_security_in_eastern_drc.pdf" target="_blank">Climate, Peace and Security in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>, </strong>Katongo Seyuba, <strong>Stockholm International Peace Research Institute</strong></p>
268. <blockquote>Local communities in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) face the combined challenge of climate change and violent conflict, which exacerbates vulnerabilities, poverty, displacement, and human insecurity. The author examines how climate change interacts with existing vulnerabilities in North Kivu and South Kivu to heighten human insecurity and conflict risks. The findings highlight that the link between climate change and conflict is shaped by the governance and accessibility of natural resources such as land and water. Changes in the availability and quality of such resources may increase the risks of tensions and inter-communal conflicts, especially in areas where such resources are already contested. Climate-related security risks present both immediate and long-term challenges to an already fragile peacebuilding environment in the region. Consequently, the author recommends integrating climate and environmental considerations into peacebuilding and stabilization efforts.</blockquote>
269. <p><strong><a href="https://www.osc.ny.gov/files/reports/pdf/impact-of-the-inflation-reduction-act-on-new-york.pdf" target="_blank">Impact of the Inflation Reduction Act on New York</a>, </strong>Thomas DiNapoli, <strong>Office of Budget and Policy Analysis, Office of the New York State Comptroller</strong></p>
270. <blockquote>A new report by State Comptroller Thomas P. DiNapoli details New York’s financial impact from the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), including close to $2 billion in funds for environmental and energy purposes that could help lower costs to consumers during New York’s transition to clean energy. DiNapoli warns there is now significant uncertainty about whether this funding will continue after a new executive order issued by President Trump.</blockquote>
271. <p><strong><a href="https://www.gachamber.com/news/82000-georgians-employed-in-multi-billion-dollar-clean-energy-economy/" target="_blank">2024 Georgia Clean Energy Jobs & Economic Impact Report</a>, </strong><strong>The Georgia Chamber of Commerce and Chambers for Innovation & Clean Energy</strong></p>
272. <blockquote>Georgia has rapidly emerged as a leader in the clean energy economy, with 82,000 industry jobs and a growing reputation as a hub for clean energy manufacturing. The Peach State’s thriving solar panel and electric vehicle industries are particularly notable, with Georgia leading the nation in EV-related investments totaling $31.3B and creating 39,400 jobs. This success is positioning Georgia as the ‘e-mobility capital of the world,’ illustrating how clean energy initiatives are driving economic growth and solidifying the state’s role in the transition to a sustainable, innovation-driven economy.</blockquote>
273. <p><strong><a href="https://www-f.nescaum.org/documents/ten-states-reach-goal-to-put-3-3-million-electric-vehicles-on-the-road-by-2025" target="_blank">Ten States Hit Ambitious Electric Vehicle Target</a>, </strong>Elaine O’Grady, <strong>Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management</strong></p>
274. <blockquote>NESCAUM announced that an ambitious goal set in 2013 to advance electric vehicles (EVs) has just been achieved. In a memorandum of understanding (MOU) signed by 10 state governors, a collective target was set to put 3.3 million electric vehicles on their roads by 2025. Based on NESCAUM’s analysis of the data, over 3.3 million electric cars have been registered in these states as of December 31, 2024 – meeting and even exceeding the target on time. In 2013, there were only 87,506 electric vehicles in these 10 states. In addition to setting a 3.3 million vehicle target, the MOU also anticipated the importance of charging infrastructure to meet the needs of electric vehicle drivers. Both private and public charging stations have kept up with the pace of growth of EVs, with more than ten times as many charging ports available now compared to 2014. The MOU also established a task force, run by NESCAUM, which has become a critical resource for inter-state coordination in developing and implementing electric vehicle policies such as EV purchase incentives and consumer awareness campaigns.</blockquote>
275. <p><strong><a href="https://rmi.org/how-power-couples-can-help-the-united-states-win-the-global-ai-race/" target="_blank">How “Power Couples” Can Help the United States Win the Global AI Race</a>, </strong>Engel et al., <strong>RMI</strong></p>
276. <blockquote>The authors propose a new co-location strategy — which they call “Power Couples” — that can help pioneering AI firms rapidly supply clean electricity to data centers without risking grid reliability. Additionally, the approach could improve the affordability of electricity for the average customer while reducing overall grid emissions. A Power Couple is the pairing of a large electricity consumer with newly built solar, wind, and battery resources sized to meet the on-site load, all located near an existing generator with an approved interconnection. This arrangement would trigger a fast-track approval process for connecting the new generation resources to the grid, and strict physical safeguards would ensure that the new load cannot impact grid reliability. Not least of all, costs are borne by the customers creating the demand, who can also take advantage of the modularity of clean energy technologies to reduce their risk exposure.</blockquote>
277. <p><strong><a href="https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1245&context=sabin_climate_change" target="_blank">Liability Considerations for Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal Projects in U.S. Waters</a>, </strong>Silverman-Roati et al, <strong>Columbia Law School</strong></p>
278. <blockquote>Scientists have identified several land- and ocean-based carbon dioxide removal (“CDR”) approaches. Ocean-based approaches, also known as marine CDR, hold great potential for the uptake and sequestration of carbon dioxide. However, controlled field trials in the ocean are needed to better understand the efficacy and impacts of several marine CDR approaches. Legal considerations will have a major bearing on whether, when, where, and how much field research goes forward. Previous studies have analyzed the potential international and domestic legal framework applicable to marine CDR research and subsequent deployment if that is ultimately deemed appropriate. However, relatively little research has analyzed the potential for this legal framework to impose liability on marine CDR project proponents (e.g., for environmental harms resulting from their activities). The authors begin to fill that gap about projects in U.S. ocean waters by analyzing potential liability for marine CDR project proponents under U.S. federal statute, and federal and state tort law.</blockquote>
279. <p><strong><a href="https://pacinst.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/WAS-Strategies_final_2025.pdf" target="_blank">Achieving Equitable, Climate-Resilient Water and Sanitation for Frontline Communities: Water, Sanitation, and Climate Change in the United States, Part 3</a>, </strong>McNeeley et al., <strong>Pacific Institute</strong></p>
280. <blockquote>Communities, local, state, and federal agencies, Tribes, NGOs, and others are working to create equitable, climate-resilient water and sanitation in the US. The authors outline over 100 actionable strategies for frontline communities’ water and sanitation systems in the face of intensifying climate impacts while addressing systemic inequities. Climate change is accelerating climate disasters and extreme weather events, including heat waves, droughts, floods, wildfires, and hurricanes. These disrupt and sometimes destroy water and sanitation access, especially for the most overburdened and underresourced communities. The report includes real-world examples of how frontline communities strengthen the climate resilience of water and wastewater systems.</blockquote>
281. <p><strong><a href="https://australiainstitute.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/P1798-AEMO-Media-Coverage-Web-1.pdf" target="_blank">Media coverage of AEMO’s Gas Statement of Opportunities. Using the Australia Institute’s ‘scare scale’ to analyse coverage of Australia’s gas shortage myth</a>, </strong>Black et al,. <strong>The Austrailia Institute</strong></p>
282. <blockquote>Australia is one of the world’s largest producers of gas, yet Australians are routinely told that the country is about to run out of gas for domestic use. A key moment each year for the propagation of Australia’s gas shortage myth is the release of the Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO)’s Gas Statement of Opportunities (GSOO). With the 2025 GSOO scheduled to be released in March, the authors have analysed coverage of the 2024 GSOO using a new method – the “scare scale”. The scare scale measures emotive words such as “crisis”, “dark” and “blackout” as a portion of total word count of relevant articles.</blockquote>
283. <p><strong><a href="https://zenodo.org/records/15001499" target="_blank">Potential Impacts of Electric Vehicle Tax Credit Repeal on US Vehicle Market and Manufacturing</a>, </strong>Jesse Jenkins, <strong>Princeton University, Zero-carbon Energy Systems Research and Optimization Laboratory</strong></p>
284. <blockquote>The re-election of President Donald J. Trump has created considerable uncertainty regarding the future of the U.S. automotive industry and the nation’s transition to electrified vehicles. Through executive orders, President Trump has indicated intentions to eliminate federal regulations aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions from cars and trucks, repeal subsidies supporting electric vehicle (EV) purchases, and halt or redirect federal grant programs designed to expand EV charging infrastructure. To facilitate analysis of the broader economic impacts of these potential changes to federal energy and climate policies, the REPEAT Project has developed updated scenarios assessing how these policies might influence the U.S. vehicle market, as well as their implications for domestic battery and EV manufacturing.</blockquote>
285. <p><strong><a href="https://energyinnovation.org/report/inflation-reduction-act-repeal-harms-state-economies-raises-consumer-costs/" target="_blank">Repealing Federal Energy Tax Credits Would Cost American Jobs and Increase Household Energy Bills</a>, </strong><strong>Energy Innovation Policy and Technology</strong></p>
286. <blockquote>The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) has been an economic engine for the U.S.– more than 400,000 new jobs have been created and $600 billion of private investment in clean energy has been generated since Congress passed the IRA. But repealing it will force consumers to pay more for energy and will cost Americans jobs. The authors' analysis found that IRA repeal will increase cumulative household energy costs by $32 billion from 2025-2035; cost America nearly 790,000 jobs in 2030 and more than 700,000 jobs in 2035; decrease GDP by more than $160 billion in 2030 and nearly $190 billion in 2035; and increase climate pollution more than 530 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2035, equal to adding 116 million cars to the road. Texas, California, Pennsylvania, Florida, and Georgia stand out as the biggest losers from IRA repeal due to their poor combination of lost jobs and increased household energy costs.</blockquote>
287. <p><strong><a href="https://cebuyers.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CEBA_Electricity-Price-Impacts-of-Technology-Neutral-Tax-Incentives-With-Incremental-Electricity-Demand-From-Data-Centers_February-2025.pdf" target="_blank">Electricity Price Impacts of Technology-Neutral Tax Incentives With Incremental Electricity Demand from Data Centers</a>, </strong>Tuladhar et al., <strong>Clean Buyers Energy Association</strong></p>
288. <blockquote>The authors examine the impacts of technology-neutral tax incentives on delivered electricity prices to residential and other ratepayers. The technology-neutral tax incentives analyzed in this study include the §45Y production tax credit (PTC) or the §48E investment tax credit (ITC) to incentivize clean energy investments across various generating technologies. The PTC and ITC incentives analyzed include the bonus credits for the prevailing wage and apprenticeship requirements but do not include the bonus credits that relate to domestic content requirements, or projects located in energy communities. The technology-neutral tax incentives have the effect of reducing delivered electricity prices to the ratepayers.</blockquote>
289. <p><strong><a href="https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/id/bb70fae4-226f-437b-a9e6-08a41efaf272/0428_NPHA-Climate-Change-report_FINAL_03-19-2025%20(1).pdf" target="_blank">Beyond the Forecast: Experiences with Extreme Weather and Concerns About Climate and Health</a>, </strong>Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, <strong>University of Michigan</strong></p>
290. <blockquote>74% of people age 50 and older experienced at least one extreme weather event in the past two years; this includes extreme heat, poor air quality due to wildfires, severe storms, and long power outages. The majority of older adults said they are concerned about the impact of climate change on their health (59%) and on the health of future generations (74%). 27% of adults age 50 and older reported not having enough reliable information on the impact of climate change on their health, and another 28% were unsure. 6% of older adults said a healthcare provider has talked with them about preparing for climate-related health emergencies; of these, 64% took action as a result.</blockquote>
291. <p><strong><a href="https://oi-files-d8-prod.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2025-03/Water-Driven%20Hunger%20Brief_2025.pdf" target="_blank">Water-Driven Hunger: How the Climate Crisis Fuels Africa’s Food Emergency</a>, </strong>Giuseppe Selvaggi and Elise Nalbandian, <strong>Oxfam</strong></p>
292. <blockquote>The authors examine the interconnected water and food crises in Eastern and Southern Africa, focusing on eight of the continent’s most water-insecure countries. The focus countries are hunger hotspot countries for 2025 according to the FAO and World Food Program. The authors show that to address food security, water security is fundamental. The authors demonstrate the importance of adopting an integrated approach that tackles water and food insecurities, emphasizing the importance of equitable access to resources and improved coordination between sectors such as water, sanitation, hygiene, food security, and nutrition. It also points out the challenges of localizing climate models, securing funding for adaptation, and responding to loss and damage.</blockquote>
293. <p><strong><a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000393070" target="_blank">The United Nations World Water Development Report 2025, Mountains and glaciers: water towers</a>, </strong>UN-Water, <strong>The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization</strong></p>
294. <blockquote>The water resources we receive from mountains are melting away before our eyes. Mountains and alpine glaciers – often referred to as the world’s ‘water towers’ – are becoming increasingly vulnerable to climate change and unsustainable human activities, threatening the water resources upon which billions of people and countless ecosystems depend. The authors call attention to the essential services and benefits mountain waters and alpine glaciers provide to societies, economies, and the environment. With a focus on the technical and policy responses required to improve water management in mountains, the report covers critical issues such as water supply and sanitation, climate change mitigation and adaptation, food and energy security, industry, disaster risk reduction, and ecosystem protection. Addressing the global water crisis begins at the top.</blockquote>
295. <p><strong><a href="https://s40026.pcdn.co/wp-content/uploads/Tackling-Black-Carbon_How-to-unlock-fast-climate-and-clean-air-benefits_low.pdf" target="_blank">Tackling Black Carbon: How to Unlock Fast Climate and Clean Air Benefits</a>, </strong>Martins et al., <strong>Clean Air fund</strong></p>
296. <blockquote>Reducing black carbon alongside other superpollutants is the fastest, most effective way to achieve near-immediate climate gains while improving air quality, public health, and the economy. The action case is clear—proven solutions exist to cut emissions rapidly and at scale, but greater attention and urgency are essential. Focusing on the sources of black carbon, characterized by dirty fuels and inefficient burning offers an opportunity to deliver substantial climate, health, and social justice benefits at pace. Alongside deep decarbonization, a targeted focus on black carbon draws together action on climate change and clean air, allowing efforts in one area to amplify progress in the other. The authors set out to explain why and how we must maximize the dual benefits for people and the planet by more effectively tackling black carbon.</blockquote>
297. <p><strong><a href="https://www.unep.org/resources/report/global-status-report-buildings-and-construction-20242025" target="_blank">Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction 2024/2025 17 March 2025</a>, </strong><strong>United Nations Environment Programme</strong></p>
298. <blockquote>The authors highlight progress made on related global climate goals and call for greater ambition on six challenges, including building energy codes, renewable energy, and financing. Global frameworks and initiatives such as the Intergovernmental Council for Buildings and Climate, the Buildings Breakthrough, and the Declaration de Chaillot are sustaining momentum towards adopting ambitious climate action plans, Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), for net-zero buildings ahead of the UN Climate Change Conference (COP30) in Belem, Brazil. Despite this progress, the sector remains a key driver of the climate crisis, consuming 32 percent of global energy and contributing to 34 percent of global CO2 emissions. The sector is dependent on materials like cement and steel which are responsible for 18% of global emissions and are a major source of construction waste.</blockquote>
299. <p><strong><a href="https://oikoumene.org/resources/publications/hope-for-children-through-climate-justice" target="_blank">Hope for Children Through Climate Justice. Legal Tools to Hold Financiers Accountable</a>, </strong>World Council of Churches Churches Commitments to Children, <strong>World Council of Churches</strong></p>
300. <blockquote>The urgency of the climate catastrophe demands strong and effective responses. With fossil fuels driving over 75% of global CO2 emissions, we need to hold accountable those who still finance their expansion, harming us and future generations. This publication helps to empower people of faith and partners in World Council of Church’s global constituency with the knowledge for legal action. It provides a menu of strategies particularly aimed at financial institutions, one of the most powerful levers to accelerate climate solutions. It is a call to answer the pleas of the scientific community and young people to tackle the root causes of harm to creation and protect future generation’s right to life.</blockquote>
301. <hr />
302. <h3>Obtaining articles without journal subscriptions</h3>
303. <p>We know it's frustrating that many articles we cite here are not free to read. One-off paid access fees are generally astronomically priced, suitable for such as <em>"<a href="https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol2-trans/100" target="_blank">On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light</a>" </em> but not as a gamble on unknowns. With a median world income of US$ 9,373, for most of us US$ 42 is significant money to wager on an article's relevance and importance. </p>
304. <ul>
305. <li><a href="https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/competitions/finding-and-accessing-scientific-papers">Here's an excellent collection</a> of tips and techniques for obtaining articles, legally.</li>
306. </ul>
307. <ul>
308. <li><a href="https://unpaywall.org/" target="_blank">Unpaywall</a> offers a browser extension for Chrome and Firefox that automatically indicates when an article is freely accessible and provides immediate access without further trouble. Unpaywall is also unscammy, works well, is itself offered free to use. The organizers (a legitimate nonprofit) report about a 50% success rate</li>
309. </ul>
310. <ul>
311. <li>The weekly <em>New Research</em> catch is checked against the Unpaywall database with accessible items being flagged. Especially for just-published articles this mechansim may fail. If you're interested in an article title and it is not listed here as "open access," be sure to check the link anyway. </li>
312. </ul>
313. <h3>How is <em>New Research</em> assembled?</h3>
314. <p>Most articles appearing here are found via  RSS feeds from journal publishers, filtered by search terms to produce raw output for assessment of relevance. </p>
315. <p>Relevant articles are then queried against the Unpaywall database, to identify open access articles and expose useful metadata for articles appearing in the database. </p>
316. <p>The objective of New Research isn't to cast a tinge on scientific results, to color readers' impressions. Hence candidate articles are assessed via two metrics only:</p>
317. <ul>
318. <li>Was an article deemed of sufficient merit by a team of journal editors and peer reviewers? The fact of journal RSS output assigns a "yes" to this automatically. </li>
319. <li>Is an article relevant to the topic of anthropogenic climate change? Due to filter overlap with other publication topics of inquiry, of a typical week's 550 or so input articles about 1/4 of RSS output makes the cut.</li>
320. </ul>
321. <p>A few journals offer public access to "preprint" versions of articles for which the review process is not yet complete. For some key journals this all the mention we'll see in RSS feeds, so we include such items in <em>New Research</em>. These are flagged as "preprint."</p>
322. <p>The section "Informed opinion, nudges & major initiatives" includes some items that are not scientific research per se but fall instead into the category of "perspectives," observations of implications of research findings, areas needing attention, etc.</p>
323. <h3>Suggestions</h3>
324. <p>Please let us know if you're aware of an article you think may be of interest for Skeptical Science research news, or if we've missed something that may be important. Send your input to Skeptical Science via our <a href="https://skepticalscience.com/contact.php">contact form</a>.</p>
325. <h3>Journals covered</h3>
326. <p>A list of journals we cover may be found <a href="https://skepticalscience.com/Skeptical-Science-New-Research-Source-Journals.shtml">here</a>. We welcome pointers to omissions, new journals etc.</p>
327. <h3>Previous edition</h3>
328. &lt;p&gt;The previous edition of &lt;em&gt;Skeptical Science New Research&lt;/em&gt; may be found &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/new_research_2025_12.html"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
329. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/new_research_2025_13.html</link>
330. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/new_research_2025_13.html</guid>
331. <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 2025 14:19:57 EST</pubDate>
332. </item>  <item>
333. <title>Climate skeptics have new favorite graph; it shows the opposite of what they claim</title>
334. <description>&lt;p class="greenbox"&gt;This is a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.theclimatebrink.com/p/climate-skeptics-have-new-favorite"&gt;re-post from the Climate Brink&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
335. <p><span>Last September the Washington Post published </span><a rel="" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2024/09/19/earth-temperature-global-warming-planet/">an article</a><span> about a </span><a rel="" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk3705">new paper</a><span> in </span><em>Science </em><span>by Emily Judd and colleagues. The WaPo article was detailed and nuanced, but led with the figure below, adapted from the paper:</span></p>
336. <div class="captioned-image-container">
337. <div class="image2-inset"><img class="sizing-normal" title="Scientists calculate Earth's temperature changes over 485 million years -  The Washington Post" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb39f57cb-5856-4ecc-bc23-0a2ce5cb9084_2300x2162.jpeg" alt="Scientists calculate Earth's temperature changes over 485 million years -  The Washington Post" width="550" height="517" data-attrs="{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b39f57cb-5856-4ecc-bc23-0a2ce5cb9084_2300x2162.jpeg","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":1369,"width":1456,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":null,"alt":"Scientists calculate Earth's temperature changes over 485 million years -  The Washington Post","title":null,"type":null,"href":null,"belowTheFold":false,"topImage":true,"internalRedirect":null,"isProcessing":false}" /></div>
338. </div>
339. <p>The internet, being less prone to detail and nuance, ran with the figure, with climate skeptics calling it their “new favorite graph” and reposting it everywhere, claiming that it shows the insignificance of recent human warming relative to the Earth’s long temperature history.</p>
340. <p><span>The furor over the graph reached its apogee in January when Joe Rogan showed it </span><a rel="" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1rYtrS5IbrQ&t=4494s">in a podcast interview</a><span> with Mel Gibson, saying that “If you believe these silly people, way before human beings had ever existed, there's always this rise and fall. And this idea that the whole thing is based on carbon emissions from human beings is total bullshit. It's not true. Right. We might be having an effect, but we're having a small effect, a very small effect.”</span></p>
341. <!--more-->
342. <h3 class="header-anchor-post">The actual paper says otherwise</h3>
343. <p><span>So we decided we’d do the barest amount of actual diligence on the claim. We </span><a rel="" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk3705">read the actual paper</a><span> (non-paywalled version </span><a rel="" href="https://henry.pha.jhu.edu/SCIENCE.pdf">here</a><span>). And, lo and behold, we found that rather than dismissing the role of CO2 on longer-term changes in the Earth’s climate, it makes one of the strongest claims yet that “</span><strong>CO2 is the dominant driver of Phanerozoic climate</strong><span> [the past 485 million years], emphasizing the importance of this greenhouse gas in shaping Earth history.” The authors even express surprise that CO2 explains so much of the apparent temperature variation, and that solar variability does not have as dominant an effect.</span></p>
344. <p><span>It turns out that the Washington Post’s graphic only shows half the picture. Here is Figure 4 of the Judd et al 2024 paper, showing both temperature (the plot the WaPo recreated) and CO2 over the past 485 million years. For most of the record the two changed in lock-step, with hotter periods almost invariably having higher CO2 concentrations and cooler periods having lower CO2 concentrations (note that CO2 serves as both a forcing – e.g. during periods of excess volcanism – and a </span><a rel="" href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-how-the-rise-and-fall-of-co2-levels-influenced-the-ice-ages/">feedback to other external forcings</a><span> during the Earth’s past).</span></p>
345. <div class="captioned-image-container">
346. <div class="image2-inset"><img class="sizing-normal" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F514ddb81-351b-4b3d-a5de-b4afeca4adaf_1592x722.png" alt="" width="550" height="249" data-attrs="{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/514ddb81-351b-4b3d-a5de-b4afeca4adaf_1592x722.png","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":660,"width":1456,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":237542,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/png","href":null,"belowTheFold":false,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":"https://www.theclimatebrink.com/i/159754582?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F514ddb81-351b-4b3d-a5de-b4afeca4adaf_1592x722.png","isProcessing":false}" /></div>
347. <em>Figure 4a from <a rel="" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk3705">Judd et al 2024</a></em></div>
348. <p>We also thought to ask the actual authors of the paper what they thought about how their work was being (mis)used in various corners of the internet.</p>
349. <p>Lead author Dr. Emily Judd replied (emphasis hers):</p>
350. <blockquote>
351. <p><span>I’ve seen quite a bit of misinformation crop up surrounding our paper – particularly the claim that we (humans) have nothing to worry about, with respect to climate change, since the Earth has been warmer for much of the last half-billion years. I cannot stress enough how reductive and problematic this viewpoint is. The flaw in this logic boils down to two key points:</span><br /><span>(1) </span><strong>the resilience of the planet does not directly translate our own species’ ability to adapt and thrive in the face of human-caused climate change</strong><span>, and</span><br /><span>(2) </span><strong>the </strong><em><strong>impact</strong></em><strong> of anthropogenic climate change is (and will continue to be) determined by the rate of change (meaning how quickly CO2 and temperature change) much more than the absolute temperatures, themselves.</strong></p>
352. <p>…When we compare CO2 and temperature across the last half-billion years, we find a strong correlation between the two parameters, which indicates that CO2 has exerted a strong influence on global temperature not just today and in the recent past, but across the last 485 million years of Earth’s history.</p>
353. </blockquote>
354. <p>Similarly, author Dr. Jessica Tierney told us:</p>
355. <blockquote>
356. <p><span>Joe [Rogan] seems to be saying that because – geologically speaking – we are in a colder climate that we don’t have to worry about human-caused global warming. Nothing could be further from the truth. It certainly has been warmer that today in the deep geological past, but those past warm periods developed slowly over millions of years. As a consequence, life on Earth had time to adapt. The problem with current global warming is the speed. The warming that humans are causing is unbelievably fast, and so humans and the other forms of life that we share the planet with can’t fully adapt. In fact, rapid warmings in the geological past are often associated with mass extinctions – abrupt climate change is hard for life to tolerate. So that underlies the danger in allowing our climate to warm so fast right now.</span><br /><br /><span>What our study actually shows is that CO2 is the dominant control on Earth’s temperatures across geological timescales. Every time CO2 is high, temperatures are warm. So it follows naturally that, as humans emit more CO2, the climate warms. The study reinforces the strong connection between CO2 and climate change.</span></p>
357. </blockquote>
358. <h3 class="header-anchor-post"><strong>It’s not just how hot, but how fast</strong></h3>
359. <p>While Earth has experienced warmer periods in its deep past, the seriousness of climate change is defined by its pace. The warm temperatures in Earth’s past unfolded over millions of years, giving life ample time to evolve. In contrast, today's changes are happening at an unprecedented rate—within decades rather than millennia—leaving inadequate time for adaptation.</p>
360. <p>The geological record offers sobering evidence of what happens when climate change occurs too rapidly: mass extinctions.</p>
361. <div class="captioned-image-container">
362. <div class="image2-inset"><img class="sizing-normal" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8f1649e5-f471-4075-85e8-7443c66c0bff_1908x968.png" alt="" width="550" height="279" data-attrs="{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8f1649e5-f471-4075-85e8-7443c66c0bff_1908x968.png","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":739,"width":1456,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":374273,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/png","href":null,"belowTheFold":true,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":"https://www.theclimatebrink.com/i/159754582?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8f1649e5-f471-4075-85e8-7443c66c0bff_1908x968.png","isProcessing":false}" /></div>
363. <em>Figure 2 in <a rel="" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk3705">Judd et al 2024</a></em></div>
364. <p>The above figure plots surface temperature (black) for the past 485 million years along with mass extinction events (orange vertical lines). The timing of two events are coincident with rapid climate fluctuations:</p>
365. <ul>
366. <li>
367. <p><span>The </span><a rel="" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Ordovician_mass_extinction">Late Ordovician mass extinction (440 million years ago)</a><span> saw approximately 60% of marine species vanish.</span></p>
368. </li>
369. <li>
370. <p><span>The </span><a rel="" href="https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/earth-science/the-great-dying/">Permian-Triassic extinction (251 million years ago)</a><span>, often called "The Great Dying," eliminated 90% of all species during a period of dramatic climate change linked to volcanic CO? emissions.</span></p>
371. </li>
372. </ul>
373. <p>This record demonstrates that climate change can have extreme consequences. Organisms don’t have time to adapt and risk extinction.</p>
374. <p>As Dr. Judd told us:</p>
375. <blockquote>
376. <p>The geologic record has taught us that when CO2 and temperatures change slowly, organisms can keep pace with the environmental change – evolving, developing adaptations and/or migrating to new places. However, when CO2 and temperatures change rapidly, as is happening today due to anthropogenic emissions, evolution can’t keep pace with the environmental change. We’ve seen this before at the end of the Permian, due to widespread volcanism, and at the end of the Cretaceous, due to an asteroid impact – when the climate and the environment change rapidly, evolution simply can’t keep up.</p>
377. <p>What is happening today is particularly catastrophic because the organisms that exist evolved to tolerate the icy conditions of our modern planet – just like humans, they’re cold adapted. They (and we) are not equipped handle the warmer conditions and the rate of change is too fast for evolution to keep pace. Not only have humans evolved to tolerate colder conditions, we have also established our populations close to water sources and often near sea level. As we observe the Earth warming at a rapid pace within human time scales, we are faced with challenges such as more intense storms, more frequent and intense droughts (in some regions) and floods (in some regions), rising sea levels, and, ultimately, a reduction in habitable and arable land.</p>
378. </blockquote>
379. <h3 class="header-anchor-post"><strong>Carbon dioxide controls the climate</strong></h3>
380. <p>Another key insight from this record is the consistent relationship between atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and global temperatures across the geologic record. Throughout Earth's history, this correlation is remarkably clear: when CO? concentrations rise, temperatures follow.</p>
381. <div class="captioned-image-container">
382. <div class="image2-inset"><img class="sizing-normal" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac45624e-60c7-4519-bed5-ee0cbef98959_634x600.png" alt="" width="550" height="521" data-attrs="{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ac45624e-60c7-4519-bed5-ee0cbef98959_634x600.png","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":600,"width":634,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":null,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":null,"href":null,"belowTheFold":true,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":null,"isProcessing":false}" /></div>
383. <em>Figure 4b from <a rel="" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk3705">Judd et al., (2024)</a></em></div>
384. <p><span>Humans have increased atmospheric CO? by approximately 50% in just 150 years—a mere instant on the geologic timeline. Predictably, temperatures have responded, with 2024 measuring </span><a rel="" href="https://wmo.int/news/media-centre/wmo-confirms-2024-warmest-year-record-about-155degc-above-pre-industrial-level">1.55°C warmer than pre-industrial levels</a><span>.</span></p>
385. <p>So yes, Earth has been hotter, but the pace of climate change is more important than absolute temperature. Organisms today (humans included) have evolved in colder temperatures, and the geologic record shows us that rapid warming could devastate our cold-adapted ecosystems.</p>
386. &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;This&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;article is a collaboration between Zeke Hausfather and Devin Rand, a research scientist at Berkeley Earth.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
387. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/new-favorite-graph-opposite.html</link>
388. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/new-favorite-graph-opposite.html</guid>
389. <pubDate>Wed, 26 Mar 2025 15:46:35 EST</pubDate>
390. </item>  <item>
391. <title>China will need 10,000GW of wind and solar by 2060</title>
392. <description>&lt;p class="greenbox"&gt;This is a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-china-will-need-10000gw-of-wind-and-solar-by-2060/"&gt;re-post from Carbon Brief&lt;/a&gt; by Wang Zhongying, chief national expert, China Energy Transformation Programme of the Energy Research Institute, and Kaare Sandholt, chief international expert, China Energy Transformation Programme of the Energy Research Institute&lt;/p&gt;
393. <p>China will need to install around 10,000 gigawatts (GW) of wind and solar capacity to reach carbon neutrality by 2060, according to new Chinese government-endorsed <a href="https://usercontent.one/wp/www.cet.energy/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CET_%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E8%BD%AC%E5%9E%8B%E5%B1%95%E6%9C%9B2024_%E5%85%A8%E6%96%87-20250122.pdf">research</a>.</p>
394. <p>This huge energy transition – with the technologies currently standing at <a href="https://www.nea.gov.cn/20250221/e10f363cabe3458aaf78ba4558970054/c.html#:~:text=%E6%88%AA%E8%87%B32024%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%95%EF%BC%8C%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%AF,%E5%8F%91%E7%94%B5%E8%A3%85%E6%9C%BA0.46%E4%BA%BF%E5%8D%83%E7%93%A6%E3%80%82">1,408GW</a> – can make a “decisive contribution” to the country’s climate efforts and bring big economic rewards, the China Energy Transformation Outlook 2024 (CETO24) shows.</p>
395. <p>The report was produced by our research team at the Energy Research Institute of the <a href="https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/fzggw/wzslxdw/201402/t20140213_951930.html">Chinese Academy of Macroeconomic Research</a> – a “<a href="https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/fzggw/wzslxdw/201402/t20140213_951930.html">national high-end thinktank</a>” of China’s top planner the <a href="https://en.ndrc.gov.cn/">National Development and Reform Commission</a> (NDRC).</p>
396. <p>The outlook looks at two pathways to meeting China’s “<a href="https://interactive.carbonbrief.org/the-carbon-brief-profile-china/index.html">dual-carbon</a>” climate goals and its wider aims for economic and social development.</p>
397. <p>In the first pathway, a challenging geopolitical environment constrains international cooperation.</p>
398. <p>The second assumes international climate cooperation continues despite broader geopolitical tensions.</p>
399. <p>We find that, under both scenarios, China’s energy system can achieve net-zero carbon emissions before 2060, paving the way to make Chinese society as a whole carbon neutral before 2060. </p>
400. <p>However, the outlook shows that meeting these policy goals will not be possible unless China improves its energy efficiency, sustains its electrification efforts and develops a power system built around “intelligent” grids that are predominantly supplied with electricity from solar and wind. </p>
401. <!--more-->
402. <p>(Carbon Brief <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/the-carbon-brief-interview-prof-lyu-wenbin-and-prof-bai-quan/">interviewed</a> the report’s lead authors at the COP29 climate talks in Baku last November.)</p>
403. <ul class="wp-block-list">
404. <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-china-will-need-10000gw-of-wind-and-solar-by-2060/#trends">Trends governing China’s energy transition</a></li>
405. <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-china-will-need-10000gw-of-wind-and-solar-by-2060/#scenarios">Scenarios for carbon neutrality</a></li>
406. <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-china-will-need-10000gw-of-wind-and-solar-by-2060/#pathway">Pathway to achieving “dual-carbon” targets</a>
407. <ul class="wp-block-list">
408. <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-china-will-need-10000gw-of-wind-and-solar-by-2060/#sustained">Sustained electrification drives carbon neutrality</a></li>
409. <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-china-will-need-10000gw-of-wind-and-solar-by-2060/#building">Building a wind and solar centred system</a></li>
410. <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-china-will-need-10000gw-of-wind-and-solar-by-2060/#buildingan">Building an intelligent power grid</a></li>
411. </ul>
412. </li>
413. <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-china-will-need-10000gw-of-wind-and-solar-by-2060/#innovation">Innovation and market forces for energy transition</a></li>
414. <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-china-will-need-10000gw-of-wind-and-solar-by-2060/#focusing">Focusing on enabling forces</a></li>
415. </ul>
416. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Trends governing China’s energy transition </h2>
417. <p>China’s rapid economic growth over the past decades has driven a massive increase in industrial production, particularly energy-intensive industries such as <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-chinas-emissions-set-to-fall-in-2024-after-record-growth-in-clean-energy/">steel</a> and <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-chinas-carbon-market-to-cover-steel-aluminium-and-cement-in-2024/">cement</a>, requiring vast amounts of energy. </p>
418. <p>To meet the <a href="https://news.cctv.com/2024/04/20/ARTIFujtddRnY6ghhLuYedlS240420.shtml">high demand</a> for energy, the country has built up a <a href="https://interactive.carbonbrief.org/the-carbon-brief-profile-china/index.html">coal-based energy sector</a>. </p>
419. <p>In 2014, Chinese president Xi Jinping introduced the concept of “<a href="https://bcas.edpsciences.org/articles/bcas/full_html/2022/01/bcas2022002/bcas2022002.html#:~:text=In%202014%2C%20President%20Xi%20Jinping,Revolutions%20and%20One%20Cooperation%E2%80%9D%20vision.">four revolutions and one cooperation</a>”, which calls for a drastic change in how energy system development is thought about. </p>
420. <p>The following <a href="https://en.ndrc.gov.cn/policies/202105/P020210527785800103339.pdf">13th “five-year plan”</a> (2016-20) – an <a href="https://interactive.carbonbrief.org/the-carbon-brief-profile-china/index.html">influential</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five-year_plans_of_China">economic planning document</a> – required a shift from maintaining and developing a system based on fossil fuels to creating a system that is “clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient”. </p>
421. <p>This led to the announcement of China’s “dual-carbon” targets in 2020, which positioned achieving a peak in emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060 as integral to China’s economic development in the future. </p>
422. <p>As part of this, policymakers are working towards a “<a href="https://www.gov.cn/lianbo/bumen/202406/content_6958479.htm">new type of energy system</a>”, in which low-carbon technologies will simultaneously provide energy security and affordable energy prices, as well as addressing environmental concerns. </p>
423. <p>In the past few years, however, electricity demand has grown rapidly due to increased production of goods after the <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-chinas-co2-falls-1-in-q2-2024-in-first-quarterly-drop-since-covid-19/#:~:text=First%20post%2DCovid%20fall%20in,and%20oil%20consumption%20by%203%25.">Covid-19 pandemic</a> and the impact of <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/china-briefing-8-august-record-extreme-weather-first-quarterly-co2-fall-since-covid-dual-control-of-carbon-emissions/">heatwaves</a>.</p>
424. <p>Furthermore, the supply of hydropower has been <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-chinas-emissions-set-to-fall-in-2024-after-record-growth-in-clean-energy/">hampered</a> by the lack of water because of <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/china-briefing-29-june-2023-china-german-climate-deal-coal-vs-clean-record-breaking-heatwave/">droughts</a>. This has led to a <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-what-does-chinas-coal-push-mean-for-its-climate-goals/">push</a> for new investments in <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/china-responsible-for-95-of-new-coal-power-construction-in-2023-report-says/">coal</a> power, despite a massive deployment of solar and wind power plants. </p>
425. <p>The challenge today is related to this transformation’s speed – <a href="https://www.nea.gov.cn/2024-10/31/c_1310787069.htm">how</a> China can vigorously accelerate renewable energy deployment to cover growing energy demand and substitute coal power.</p>
426. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Scenarios for carbon neutrality</h2>
427. <p>CETO24 looks at two scenarios for its analysis of China’s energy transformation towards 2060. The first – the baseline carbon-neutral scenario (BCNS) – assumes geopolitics continues to constrain low-carbon cooperation.</p>
428. <p>The second – the ideal carbon-neutral scenario (ICNS) – assumes climate cooperation avoids geopolitical conflict.</p>
429. <p>Both scenarios envision that China will reach peak carbon emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060, against a backdrop of the growing urgency of global climate change and increasing complexity and volatility of the international political and economic landscape. </p>
430. <p>The BCNS assumes that addressing climate change may become a lower priority globally, but that China still meets its “dual-carbon” goals. The ICNS assumes that other countries prioritise accelerating their domestic energy transformation and cooperation on climate change, despite occasional political or economic conflicts. </p>
431. <p><img class="wp-image-56720" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/unnamed-16.png" alt="Differences between BCNS and ICNS." width="550" height="314" /><em>Differences between BCNS and ICNS. Credit: ERI (<a href="https://usercontent.one/wp/www.cet.energy/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CET_China-Energy-Transformation-Outlook-2024_Executive-Summary-20241108.pdf">2024</a>).</em></p>
432. <p>The outlook models the two scenarios and analyses the transformation of end-use energy consumption in different sectors, such as industry, buildings and transportation. </p>
433. <p>The CETO model suite, used in the outlook, is illustrated in the figure below. For example, the electricity and district heating optimisation model (EDO, blue box), looks at power, heat and “<a href="https://www.engie.com/en/news/e-fuels-what-are-they">e-fuel</a>” production in great detail with an hourly resolution, in order to capture the fluctuations in variable renewable energy output at provincial level.</p>
434. <p>EDO looks at the least-cost pathway to reach the dual-carbon goals for the whole power system, including the production, storage and transport of electricity. </p>
435. <p>On the demand side, the end-use energy demand analysis model (END-USE, black box) allows for different modelling approaches in the different sectors. The model also includes the processing of fossil fuels and biomass.</p>
436. <p>The EDO and END-USE models are supported by a socioeconomic model (red box), which looks into the macroeconomic impact of the energy transformation and vice-versa.</p>
437. <p>The results from the models are used in the summary model (yellow box), which shows the primary energy consumption, the energy flows for the whole energy system and the investments and operating costs for the supply sectors, as modelled in the EDO model.</p>
438. <p><img class="wp-image-56722" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/unnamed-17.png" alt="Models of energy transition across different sectors in different energy systems" width="550" height="341" /><em>Models of energy transition across different sectors in different energy systems. Credit: ERI (<a href="https://usercontent.one/wp/www.cet.energy/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CET_China-Energy-Transformation-Outlook-2024_Executive-Summary-20241108.pdf">2024</a>).</em></p>
439. <p>Our strategy for developing the new type of energy system, based on the models shown above, consists of: </p>
440. <ul class="wp-block-list">
441. <li>Focusing on efficient use of energy in the end-use sectors, with an emphasis on a shift from fossil fuel consumption to the direct use of electricity (electrification). </li>
442. <li>Transforming the power sector to a zero-carbon emission system, mainly based on wind and solar.</li>
443. <li>Ensuring that the <a href="https://www.iea.org/energy-system/electricity/smart-grids">grid management system</a> – the system of transmission, distribution and storage of electricity – is able to deal with the fluctuations in production and demand. This includes more focus on flexible demand, as well as digital, intelligent control systems to manage <a href="https://www.iea.org/reports/integrating-solar-and-wind">system integration</a>, cost-efficient <a href="https://www.kyon-energy.de/en/glossar/dispatch">dispatch</a> of supply and demand, as well as energy security in the short- and long-term.</li>
444. </ul>
445. <p>The approach of the model is to promote system-wide optimisation for the two scenarios. This allows for the analysis of the complex interaction between demand, supply, grids and storage, seeking to optimise the whole system, instead of optimising subsystems on their own. </p>
446. <p>The approach is based on a least-cost modelling of the power system, along with the production and distribution of low-carbon fuels, such as <a href="https://www.iberdrola.com/about-us/what-we-do/green-hydrogen/green-methanol">green methanol</a>, <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-depth-qa-does-the-world-need-hydrogen-to-solve-climate-change/">green hydrogen</a>, e-fuels and so on. </p>
447. <p>The demand-side modelling allows for flexible methodologies for the different end-use sectors, with “<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360544212002551">soft links</a>” to the power and low-carbon fuel optimisation model.</p>
448. <p>The models are constrained to ensure that China’s dual-carbon goals are met. In other words, the energy system’s carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions peak before 2030 and reach net-zero before 2060. </p>
449. <p>Other assumptions built into the models include a moderate economic growth rate and a shift in China’s economic structure to focus more on <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-what-chinas-push-for-new-quality-productive-forces-means-for-climate-action/">high-quality</a> products and services instead of heavy industry, which has much higher energy consumption per unit of economic output. </p>
450. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Pathway to achieving ‘dual-carbon’ targets</h2>
451. <p>The analyses for both scenarios in CETO24 confirm that China’s energy system can achieve net-zero carbon emissions before 2060, paving the way to make Chinese society as a whole carbon neutral before 2060. </p>
452. <p>Shown in the figures below, in both scenarios, primary energy consumption peaks before  2035 and declines thereafter, despite the assumption that China’s economy will grow between 3.3 to 3.6 times its 2020 level in the period until 2060.</p>
453. <p><img class="wp-image-56737" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Screenshot-2025-03-17-at-10.06.30.png" alt="Total primary energy demand and structure under different scenarios between 2022-60, million tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce). Data is based on the physical energy content method. Credit: ERI (2024)." width="550" height="575" /><em>Total primary energy demand and structure under different scenarios between 2022-60, million tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce). Data is based on the <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.iea.org/statistics-questionnaires-faq" target="_blank">physical energy content method</a>. Credit: ERI (<a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://usercontent.one/wp/www.cet.energy/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CET_China-Energy-Transformation-Outlook-2024_Executive-Summary-20241108.pdf" target="_blank">2024</a>).</em></p>
454. <p>Both scenarios underscore the importance of energy conservation and efficiency as prerequisites for energy transition.  </p>
455. <p>This is because without effective energy conservation, China’s energy transition would demand significantly greater deployment of clean energy sources, making it difficult to achieve the necessary pace to hit the dual-carbon targets.</p>
456. <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Sustained electrification drives carbon neutrality</h3>
457. <p>In order to reach carbon neutrality, CETO24 suggests that the use of fossil fuels in the end-use sectors should be substituted by clean electricity as much as possible.</p>
458. <p>Furthermore, electricity should also be used to produce synthetic fuels or heat supply to satisfy end-use demands for energy. </p>
459. <p>In 2023, China’s electrification rate was around <a href="https://www.nea.gov.cn/2024-09/09/c_1310785992.htm">28%</a>. The report’s figures, illustrated below, show that electricity (light blue) accounts for as much as 79%-84% of the total end-use energy demand in 2060. </p>
460. <p><img class="wp-image-56738" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Screenshot-2025-03-17-at-10.13.11.png" alt="Total end-use energy demand and structure under different scenarios between 2022-60, million tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce). Credit: ERI (2024)." width="550" height="523" /><em>Total end-use energy demand and structure under different scenarios between 2022-60, million tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce). Credit: ERI (<a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://usercontent.one/wp/www.cet.energy/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CET_China-Energy-Transformation-Outlook-2024_Executive-Summary-20241108.pdf" target="_blank">2024</a>).</em></p>
461. <p>In both scenarios, the transportation sector is expected to experience the fastest growth in electrification, while the building sector achieves the highest overall electrification rate.</p>
462. <p>Some fossil-fuel-based fuels would still be needed to support certain industries, such as freight transport and aviation, by 2060.</p>
463. <p>Nevertheless, both scenarios indicate that China’s end-use energy demand would peak before 2035, followed by a gradual decline, with the 2060 value being roughly 30% lower than the peak.</p>
464. <p>(It is important to note that end-use energy demand is not the same as useful energy services, such as warmer buildings or the movement of vehicles. The replacement of fossil fuels by electricity results in a more efficient use of energy in the end-use sectors, since the losses of energy from burning fossil fuels are removed. Hence, it is possible to reduce final energy consumption even as demand for energy services rises.)</p>
465. <p>The short-term growth in the end-use energy demand is due to the rapid increase in electricity demand.</p>
466. <p>As shown in the graphs below, the share of electricity demand from traditional end-use sectors (blue) – mainly from industry, buildings and transport – would decrease from 89% in 2022 to 68%-72% by 2060. </p>
467. <p>In contrast, an increasing share of electricity is expected to be used for new types of demand such as for hydrogen production (light green), electric district heating (pink) and synthetic fuel production (dark blue).</p>
468. <p><img class="wp-image-56726" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/MixCollage-14-Mar-2025-10-45-AM-54-scaled.jpg" alt="Total electricity demand and structure under different scenarios between 2022-60, terawatt hours." width="550" height="550" /><em>Total electricity demand and structure under different scenarios between 2022-60, terawatt hours. Credit: ERI (<a href="https://usercontent.one/wp/www.cet.energy/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CET_China-Energy-Transformation-Outlook-2024_Executive-Summary-20241108.pdf">2024</a>).</em></p>
469. <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Building a power system centred on wind and solar</h3>
470. <p>CETO24 finds that decarbonising the energy supply is a lynchpin of energy transformation – and replacing fossil fuel power with non-fossil sources is the top priority. </p>
471. <p>In 2023, non-fossil sources comprised <a href="https://www.cnfin.com/dz-lb/detail/20240716/4076239_1.html">53.9%</a> of China’s power capacity. In the report’s scenarios, as shown in the figures below, the total installed power generation capacity could reach between 10,530GW and 11,820GW by 2060 – about four times the 2023 level. </p>
472. <p><img class="wp-image-56731" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Untitled-design-1.png" alt="Installed capacity of different electricity sources under different scenarios between 2022-60, gigawatts." width="550" height="479" /><em>Installed capacity of different electricity sources under different scenarios between 2022-60, gigawatts. Credit: ERI (<a href="https://usercontent.one/wp/www.cet.energy/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CET_China-Energy-Transformation-Outlook-2024_Executive-Summary-20241108.pdf">2024</a>).</em></p>
473. <p>The installed capacity of renewable energy sources – including solar (yellow) and wind (blue) – would account for about 96% of the total in 2060. </p>
474. <p>The installed capacity of nuclear power (dark pink) and pumped storage power (in hydro, dark blue) could reach 180GW and 380GW, respectively. Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) (dark green) would have an installed capacity of more than 130GW.</p>
475. <p>In addition to dominating installed capacity, wind and solar could account for as much as 94% of China’s electricity generation by 2060, as shown in the figure below. </p>
476. <p><img class="wp-image-56729" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Untitled-design.png" alt="Power generation of different energy sources under different scenarios between 2022-60, terawatt hours." width="550" height="466" /><em>Power generation of different energy sources under different scenarios between 2022-60, terawatt hours. Credit: ERI (<a href="https://usercontent.one/wp/www.cet.energy/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CET_China-Energy-Transformation-Outlook-2024_Executive-Summary-20241108.pdf">2024</a>).</em></p>
477. <p>Energy transformation in China adheres to the principle of “<a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/china-briefing-27-july-kerry-in-beijing-collapsing-hydro-soaring-solar/">construction new before destruct old</a>” (????). (The principle is also translated as “build before breaking”. See Carbon Brief’s articles from <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/china-issues-new-single-game-instructions-to-guide-its-climate-action/">2021</a> and <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-what-does-chinas-coal-push-mean-for-its-climate-goals/">2022</a> for background.)  </p>
478. <p>As new low-carbon energy capacity grows and power system control capabilities gradually improve, coal power will <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/the-carbon-brief-interview-prof-wang-yi-and-prof-wang-zhongying/">gradually shift</a> to a regulating and backup power source, with older and less efficient capacity being decommissioned as it reaches the end of its life.</p>
479. <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Building an intelligent power grid</h3>
480. <p>The construction of a new power system is a core component of China’s energy transformation. </p>
481. <p>CETO24 suggests that a coordinated <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/china-briefing-3-february-2022-power-market-reform-energy-conserving-14fyp-scheme-xis-trip-to-coal-province/">nationwide</a> approach would be the most efficient way to facilitate this. It would integrate all resources – generation, grid, demand, storage and hydrogen – to create a power grid that enables large-scale interconnection as well as lower-level balancing. </p>
482. <p>This coordinated nationwide approach would involve three key elements.</p>
483. <p>First, an optimised electricity grid layout, with the completion of the national network of key transmission lines by 2035, enabling <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/interview-chinas-renewables-pave-the-way-to-rapidly-reduce-coal-reliance/">west-to-east</a> and north-to-south power transmission, with provinces able to send power to each other. By using digital and intelligent technologies, the grid would be able to adapt flexibly to changes in power supply and demand. </p>
484. <p>By 2060 in both of CETO24’s scenarios, the total scale of electricity exports from the <a href="https://www.gov.cn/test/2005-06/24/content_9248.htm">north-west</a>, <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%89%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E7%9C%81&client=safari&sca_esv=963e6bd44828a6b7&rls=en&biw=994&bih=709&ei=I-9iZ5L0C4bWhbIPluGNgQk&ved=0ahUKEwjSkcvr1bGKAxUGa0EAHZZwI5A4ChDh1QMIEA&uact=5&oq=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%89%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E7%9C%81&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiGOS4reWbveS4nOWMl-acieWTquS6m-ecgTIIEAAYgAQYogQyCBAAGIAEGKIEMggQABiABBiiBDIIEAAYgAQYogQyCBAAGIAEGKIESJdGUJEFWMxEcAp4AZABAJgBmQGgAYcPqgEEMTkuNLgBA8gBAPgBAZgCIaAC-A_CAgoQABiwAxjWBBhHwgIKEC4YgAQYQxiKBcICChAAGIAEGEMYigXCAgUQABiABMICBxAAGIAEGAzCAgUQIRigAZgDAIgGAZAGCpIHBDI5LjSgB6JB&sclient=gws-wiz-serp">north-east</a> and north China regions would increase by 140% to 150% compared to 2022 levels. </p>
485. <p>Second, this approach would see continuous improvements in the construction of local electricity distribution grids, allowing them to adapt to large-scale inputs of distributed “new energy” sources such as rooftop solar.</p>
486. <p>As part of this element, China would need to promote the transformation of distribution grids from a <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/4799998_Overview_of_the_Chinese_Electricity_Industry_and_Its_Current_Issues">unidirectional system</a> into a <a href="https://www.arrow.com/en/research-and-events/articles/what-is-a-smart-grid-and-how-does-it-work#:~:text=What%20Is%20Smart%20Grid%20Technology,several%20years%2C%20if%20not%20decades.">two-way interactive system</a>. It would also need to focus on providing and promoting local consumption of renewable energy sources for industrial, agricultural, commercial and residential use. </p>
487. <p>The creation of numerous <a href="https://www.stdaily.com/web/gdxw/2024-11/13/content_257531.html">zero-carbon distribution grid hubs</a> would be needed to provide strong support for the development of more than 5,000 GW of distributed wind and solar energy, which is a feature of CETO24’s modelled pathways.</p>
488. <p>Third, the multiple energy networks would need to be combined, fully integrating power, heat and transportation systems. This would create a new-type energy network where electricity and hydrogen, in particular, serve as key hubs.</p>
489. <p>Under both scenarios, the scale of <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-depth-qa-does-the-world-need-hydrogen-to-solve-climate-change/">green hydrogen</a> production and use could reach 340-420m tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce) by 2060. Hydrogen and <a href="https://www.efuel-alliance.eu/efuels/what-are-efuels">e-fuel production</a> through electrolysis would become an important means to support grid load balancing – using excess supply to run electrolysers – and to facilitate seasonal grid balancing, with stored hydrogen being used to generate power when needed.</p>
490. <p>Battery energy storage capacity could reach 240-280GW and the number of electric vehicles could reach 480-540m, with “<a href="https://www.virta.global/vehicle-to-grid-v2g">vehicle-to-grid</a>” interaction capacity reaching 810-900GW, providing real-time responsiveness to the power system.</p>
491. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Innovation and market forces for energy transition </h2>
492. <p>The development of “<a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-what-chinas-push-for-new-quality-productive-forces-means-for-climate-action/">new productive forces</a>” is a distinctive feature of China’s energy transformation. </p>
493. <p><a href="https://renewev.co.uk/zero-carbon-technologies">Low-carbon, zero-carbon</a> and <a href="https://www.iea.org/commentaries/going-carbon-negative-what-are-the-technology-options">negative-carbon</a> technologies, equipment and industries, such as electric arc furnaces for steel production, hydrogen-based steelmaking furnaces, high-efficiency heat-pump heating systems, among others, offer broad market potential and present significant investment opportunities. </p>
494. <p>From the perspective of energy equipment demand, the scenarios show that by 2060 China’s installed wind and solar power capacity would reach approximately 10,000GW. </p>
495. <p>In the scenarios, the annual investment demand for wind and solar power equipment in China would grow from approximately two trillion yuan ($270bn) per year in 2023 to around six trillion yuan ($820bn) per year by 2060, with cumulative investment needs over the next 30 years exceeding 160tn yuan ($22tn). </p>
496. <p>The energy transformation will also require China to update or retrofit energy-using equipment across various sectors over the next 30 years, including industry, buildings and transportation. </p>
497. <p>While playing a smaller part than electrification and efficiency, CETO24’s modelling also points to an essential role for technologies such as carbon capture and storage (CCS) and industrial CO2 recycling, if China is to reach carbon neutrality.</p>
498. <p>In order for these technologies to be deployed at scale on the timelines needed, more and greater research and planning would need to begin now.</p>
499. <p>If it is to contribute to the dual-carbon goals over the next 30 years, China’s energy system will need to enter an accelerated phase of equipment upgrades and retrofits, with the scale of demand for such improvements continuing to grow, providing a sustained driving force for economic growth. </p>
500. <p>Strengthening international cooperation on energy transformation would also help China and other countries reduce the manufacturing, service and usage costs of new energy transformation technologies, enabling both China and the world to achieve carbon neutrality sooner and at lower cost.</p>
501. <p>Last but not least, a complete legal system for energy is likely to be a key requirement for a successful energy transition. China’s <a href="http://en.people.cn/n3/2025/0102/c90000-20261214.html">new energy law</a> came into force in the beginning of 2025. More reforms in the legal system, carbon pricing, as well as data management would add significant support to energy transition. </p>
502. <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Focusing on enabling forces</h2>
503. <p>In summary, CETO24 demonstrates that there are technically feasible solutions for China’s energy transformation. However, it is still a long-term and challenging societal project. </p>
504. <p>China would need to reach peak carbon emissions by the end of this decade and then cut them to net-zero within 30 years, far more quickly than the trajectories envisaged by developed economies.</p>
505. <p>In order to be successful, policymakers will need to face the challenges head-on, find solutions and seek clarity amid uncertainty, to ensure that China’s energy transformation stays on track and progresses steadily. </p>
506. <p>Our research suggests their solutions could aim to address five areas: electrify energy consumption and improve energy efficiency; decarbonise energy supply; enhance interaction between energy supply and demand; industrialise energy technologies; and modernise energy governance. </p>
507. &lt;p&gt;At the same time, strengthening international cooperation on energy transformation and exploring pathways together with the global community would allow China to both ensure the smooth progression of its own energy transformation and contribute significantly to the global effort.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
508. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/China-10TW-wind-solar-2060.html</link>
509. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/China-10TW-wind-solar-2060.html</guid>
510. <pubDate>Mon, 24 Mar 2025 14:23:13 EST</pubDate>
511. </item>  <item>
512. <title>2025 SkS Weekly Climate Change &amp; Global Warming News Roundup #12</title>
513. <description>&lt;div class="greenbox" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;A listing of 31 news and opinion articles we found interesting and shared on social media during the past week: Sun, March 16, 2025 thru Sat, March 22, 2025.&lt;/div&gt;
514. <p>This week's roundup is again published by category and sorted by number of articles included in each. We are still interested in feedback to hone the categorization, so if you spot any clear misses and/or have suggestions for additional categories, please let us know in the comments. Thanks!</p>
515. <h3>Stories we promoted this week, by category and number of articles shared:</h3>
516. <p><strong>Climate Change Impacts (14 articles)</strong></p>
517. <ul>
518. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/global-sea-level-rose-faster-expected-2024-nasa/story?id=119795389">Global sea level rose faster than expected in 2024, according to NASA analysis</a></strong> <em> Ocean water expands as it warms, researchers said.</em> by Julia Jacobo, International, ABC News, Mar 14, 2025</li>
519. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2025/03/17/how-can-we-help-people-who-cannot-flee-high-climate-risk-zones/">How Can We Help People Who Cannot Flee High Climate-Risk Zones?</a></strong> <em> </em> by Columbia Climate School, State of the Planet, Mar 17, 2025</li>
520. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/16/us/storms-tornadoes-wildfire-weather-deaths.html">One Devastating Storm System: What to Know About the Havoc The tornadoes, dust storms and wind-fanned wildfires have led to at least 40 deaths across the United States t</a></strong> <em> The tornadoes, dust storms and wind-fanned wildfires have led to at least 40 deaths across the United States this past week.</em> by Isabelle Taft, Adeel Hassan, Hank Sanders & Amy Graff, New York Times, Mar 16, 2025</li>
521. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/earth-is-perilously-close-to-a-global-warming-threshold-heres-what-to-know">Earth is ‘perilously close’ to a global warming threshold. Here’s what to know</a></strong> <em> </em> by Interview by Ali Rogan, PBS Weekend News, Mar 16, 2025</li>
522. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/545213/new-zealand-could-face-twice-as-many-extreme-atmospheric-rivers-niwa-says">New Zealand could face twice as many extreme atmospheric rivers, NIWA says</a></strong> <em> </em> by Staff, New Zealand, RNZ, Mar 18, 2025</li>
523. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2025/03/18/weather/storm-wildfire-wind-blizzard-damage-climate/index.html">Cross-country storm unleashes blizzard as its winds fan wildfires across the central US</a></strong> <em> </em> by Robert Shackelford, Karina Tsui & Mary Gilbert, CNN Weather, Mar 19, 2025</li>
524. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/newsroom/news-releases/2025/03/global-warming-can-lead-to-inflammation-in-human-airways-new-research-shows">Global Warming Can Lead to Inflammation in Human Airways, New Research Shows</a></strong> <em> Drier air caused by climate change poses respiratory health risk by dehydrating airways, researchers say</em> by Staff, Johns Hopkins Newsroom, Mar 17, 2025</li>
525. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/mar/19/unprecedented-climate-disasters-extreme-weather-un-report"> More than 150 ‘unprecedented’ climate disasters struck world in 2024, says UN</a></strong> <em> Floods, heatwaves and supercharged hurricanes occurred in hottest climate human society has ever experienced</em> by Damian Carrington, Environment, The Guardian, Mar 19, 2025</li>
526. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2025/03/andean-glaciers-have-shrunk-more-than-ever-before-in-the-holocene/?utm_source=rss">Andean glaciers have shrunk more than ever before in the entire Holocene</a></strong> <em> Glaciers are important indicators of climate change. A recent study published in the leading journal Science shows that glaciers in the tropical Andes have now retreated further than at any other time in the entire Holocene.</em> by Stefan Rahmstorf, RealClimate, Mar 19, 2025</li>
527. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/03/1161251">Climate change: Paris Agreement goals still within reach, says UN chief</a></strong> <em> The effects of human-driven climate change surged to alarming levels in 2024, with some consequences likely to be irreversible for centuries - if not millennia – according to a new report from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). </em> by Staff, Climate & Environment, UN News, Mar 19, 2025</li>
528. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/18032025/todays-climate-rising-seas-salt-pollution-drinking-water/">Rising Seas and Land-Based Salt Pollution Pose Dual Threats for Drinking Water</a></strong> <em> New studies show that climate change is fueling salt contamination in freshwater ecosystems</em> by Kiley Price, Today's Climate, Inside Climate News, Mar 18, 2025</li>
529. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/19032025/rapid-sea-level-rise-during-last-ice-age/">New Study Reinforces Worries About Pulses of Rapid Sea Level Rise</a></strong> <em> An analysis of peat layers at the bottom of the North Sea shows how fast sea level rose during the end of the last ice age, when Earth was warming at a similar rate as today.</em> by Bob Berwyn, Science, Inside Climate News, Mar 19, 2025</li>
530. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/wildfire-warnings-continue-parts-country-strong-winds-persist/story?id=120030148">Wildfire warnings continue in parts of the country as strong winds persist</a></strong> <em> A new cross-country storm will begin to hit the Pacific Northwest on Friday.</em> by Kenton Gewecke & Megan Forrester, ABC News, Mar 21, 2025</li>
531. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2025/03/with-climate-change-cryosphere-melt-scales-up-as-a-threat-to-planetary-health/">With climate change, cryosphere melt scales up as a threat to planetary health</a></strong> <em> </em> by Sean Mowbray, Momgabay, Mar 21, 2025</li>
532. </ul>
533. <!--more-->
534. <p><strong>Climate Education and Communication (4 articles)</strong></p>
535. <ul>
536. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.anthropocenemagazine.org/2025/03/is-climate-persuasion-a-fools-errand/">Is climate persuasion a fool’s errand?</a></strong> <em> Climate psychology has come a long way. And it has a long way to go.</em> by Mark Harris, Anthropocene Magazine, Mar 7, 2025</li>
537. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/climate-fresk-a-puzzle-for-our-times.html">Climate Fresk - a neat way to make the complexity of climate change less puzzling</a></strong> <em> </em> by Bärbel Winkler, Skeptical Science, Mar 19, 2025</li>
538. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/global-warmings-six-americas-fall-2024/">Global Warming’s Six Americas, Fall 2024</a></strong> <em> </em> by Multiple Authors, Yale Program on Climate Change Communications, Mar 20, 2025</li>
539. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/digital/99-percent-invisible-podcast-climate-change-impact-1236166751/">‘99% Invisible’ Pod Reveals How Unprepared We Are for Climate Catastrophe</a></strong> <em> The Ambies-nominated podcast of the year examines the perverse effects of the crisis, from skyrocketing insurance premiums to a scarcity of affordable housing: “We’re only at the beginning of this.”</em> by Caitlin Huston, Business, The Hollywood Reporter, Mar 21, 2025</li>
540. </ul>
541. <p><strong>Climate Policy and Politics (3 articles)</strong></p>
542. <ul>
543. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/mar/13/fossil-fuel-lobby-immunity-lawsuits">Environmental groups sound new alarm as fossil fuel lobby pushes for immunity</a></strong> <em> Nearly 200 groups urge Congress to reject fossil fuel industry immunity efforts, fearing long-term damage to climate lawsuits</em> by Dharna Noor, US News, The Guardian, Mar 13, 2025</li>
544. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/15032025/former-republican-epa-administrator-thinks-agency-is-going-the-wrong-direction/">Christine Todd Whitman Thinks the EPA Is Going the Wrong Direction</a></strong> <em> The former EPA administrator, a Republican, is offering a third way with a new political party called Forward.</em> by by Steve Curwood & Paloma Beltran, Politics, Inside Climate News, Mar 15, 2025</li>
545. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://grist.org/politics/you-rely-on-this-agencys-data-for-weather-and-climate-forecasts-doge-is-decimating-its-workforce/">You rely on this agency`s data for weather and climate forecasts. DOGE is decimating its workforce.</a></strong> <em> The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration plans to cut 20 percent of its workforce, a move the agency's former chair warned will be felt through “every component of American society.”</em> by Sachi Kitajima Mulkey, Grist, Mar 18, 2025</li>
546. </ul>
547. <p><strong>Climate Science and Research (3 articles)</strong></p>
548. <ul>
549. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://science.feedback.org/cold-snaps-during-global-warming-are-not-actually-paradox-heres-why/">Cold snaps during global warming are not actually a paradox, here’s why</a></strong> <em> Global warming is making winters warmer, but that doesn’t mean cold weather will suddenly disappear</em> by Editor: Darrik Burns, Science Feedback, Mar 17, 2025</li>
550. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/new_research_2025_12.html">Skeptical Science New Research for Week #12 2025</a></strong> <em> This week's edition - #12 for 2025 - of our Skeptical Science Research digest - contains 107 articles in 51 journals by 664 contributing authors.</em> by Doug Bostrom & Marc Kodack, Skeptical Science, Mar 20, 2025</li>
551. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2025/03/wmo-update-on-2023-4-anomalies/?utm_source=rss">WMO: Update on 2023/4 Anomalies</a></strong> <em> </em> by Gavin Schmidt, RealClimate, Mar 21, 2025</li>
552. </ul>
553. <p><strong>Miscellaneous (Other) (2 articles)</strong></p>
554. <ul>
555. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/2025-SkS-Weekly-News-Roundup_11.html">2025 SkS Weekly Climate Change & Global Warming News Roundup #11</a></strong> <em> </em> by Bärbel Winkler, Doug Bostrom & John Hartz, Skeptical Science, Mar 16, 2025</li>
556. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.anthropocenemagazine.org/2025/03/huge-new-study-exposes-disparate-climate-emotions-around-the-world-and-their-consequences/">Huge new study exposes disparate climate emotions around the world—and their consequences</a></strong> <em> Northern Europeans are the least hopeful. Greeks, Spaniards, and Italians are angry and sad. And, citizens of the Global South—and the United States—are the most hopeful.</em> by Sarah DeWeerdt, Anthropocene Magazine, Mar 18, 2025</li>
557. </ul>
558. <p><strong>Climate law and justice (2 articles)</strong></p>
559. <ul>
560. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2025/mar/19/farmer-climate-change-legal-case-rwe-peru-germany">Farmer`s house in danger from climate change, court told in RWE case</a></strong> <em> German coal giant is one of world’s biggest polluters and should contribute to flood defences, says farmer in Peru</em> by Ajit Niranjan, The Guardian, Mar 19, 2025</li>
561. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.climatechangenews.com/2025/03/21/greenpeaces-660m-damages-ruling-a-wake-up-call-to-climate-movement/">Greenpeace`s $660m damages ruling a `wake-up call` to climate movement</a></strong> <em> The North Dakota court’s ruling has brought a wave of solidarity against SLAPP lawsuits designed to silence campaigners </em> by Joe Lo, Climate Home News, Mar 21, 2025</li>
562. </ul>
563. <p><strong>International Climate Conferences and Agreements (2 arcticles)</strong></p>
564. <ul>
565. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/15032025/us-ipcc-scientific-authors-climate-report">Some US Scientists Stick with the IPCC Despite the Administration Pulling Out of International Climate Work</a></strong> <em> A handful of U.S. researchers joined a critical meeting on climate and cities this week in Japan. “For me, this process is so important that if I had to self-fund, I would,” said one.</em> by Bob Berwyn, Science, Inside Climate News, Mar 15, 2025</li>
566. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/mar/17/edelman-cop30-amazon-summit">Cop30 in talks to hire PR firm that worked for lobby seeking weaker Amazon protections</a></strong> <em> Revealed: Edelman worked for Brazilian trade group accused of pushing for environmental rollbacks in Amazon</em> by Ben Stockton, The Guardian, Mar 17, 2025</li>
567. </ul>
568. <p><strong>Public Misunderstandings about Climate Solutions (1 article)</strong></p>
569. <ul>
570. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/sabin33-20-is-offshore-wind-development-harmful-to-whales.html">Is offshore wind development harmful to whales and other marine life?</a></strong> <em> </em> by Sabin Center Team, Skeptical Science, Mar 18, 2025</li>
571. </ul>
572. &lt;div class="bluebox"&gt;If you happen upon high quality climate-science and/or climate-myth busting articles from reliable sources while surfing the web, please feel free to submit them via&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://sks.to/FB-posts-form" target="_blank"&gt;this Google form&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; so that we may share them widely. Thanks!&lt;/div&gt;</description>
573. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/2025-SkS-Weekly-News-Roundup_12.html</link>
574. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/2025-SkS-Weekly-News-Roundup_12.html</guid>
575. <pubDate>Sun, 23 Mar 2025 10:19:10 EST</pubDate>
576. </item>  <item>
577. <title>Two-part webinar about the scientific consensus on human-caused global warming</title>
578. <description>&lt;p&gt;In February 2025, John Cook gave two webinars for&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://republicen.org/" target="_blank"&gt;republicEN&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;explaining the scientific consensus on human-caused climate change.&lt;/p&gt;
579. <h3>20 February 2025: republicEN webinar part 1 - BUST or TRUST? The scientific consensus on climate change</h3>
580. <p>In the first webinar, Cook explained the history of the 20-year scientific consensus on climate change. How do we know there’s a scientific consensus on climate change? How did we get there, and what exactly does it all mean?</p>
581. <p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFKIzrEU3uw" target="_blank"><img src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/HFKIzrEU3uw/hqdefault.jpg" data-pre-sourced="yes" data-sourced="yes" id="image1" data-original="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/HFKIzrEU3uw/hqdefault.jpg" data-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/HFKIzrEU3uw/hqdefault.jpg" alt="YouTube Video" "="" class="" style="max-width: 580px;"></a></p>
582. <p>The webinar "Bust or Trust? The scientific consensus on climate change," focused on establishing that there is a scientific consensus on climate change and how to communicate that effectively.</p>
583. <p>The existence of a scientific consensus is supported by <a href="https://skepticalscience.com/graphics.php?g=466" target="_blank">multiple studies</a> conducted over the past 15 years. These studies consistently show that over 90% of climate experts agree that humans are causing global warming, with many studies finding agreement around 97-98%. This consensus has been demonstrated through various research methods, including surveys of scientists and analyses of published climate papers.</p>
584. <p><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/graphics.php?g=466" target="_blank"><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/graphics/Consensus-studies-2004-2021_med.png" alt="Image showing 9 consensus studies" width="500" height="489" /></a></p>
585. <p>Despite this overwhelming scientific agreement, public perception of the consensus remains low. Only 30-50% of people believe that scientists agree on global warming. This gap between scientific consensus and public perception is due to several factors, including cultural and political biases, misinformation, and a lack of awareness. The webinar emphasized the importance of effectively communicating the scientific consensus to bridge this gap and promote informed action on climate change.</p>
586. <p>The first presentation can be <a href="https://skepticalscience.com/RepublicEN-Webinar-Consensus_part1.pdf" target="_blank">downloaded as a PDF</a> (5MB).</p>
587. <!--more-->
588. <h3>27 February 2025: republicEN webinar part 2 - BUST or TRUST? The scientific consensus on climate change</h3>
589. <p>In the second webinar, Cook explained the misinformation being used to cast doubt on the scientific consensus and what we can do in response.</p>
590. <p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a8d_nw_uZnM" target="_blank"><img src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/a8d_nw_uZnM/hqdefault.jpg" data-pre-sourced="yes" data-sourced="yes" id="image1" data-original="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/a8d_nw_uZnM/hqdefault.jpg" data-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/a8d_nw_uZnM/hqdefault.jpg" alt="YouTube Video" "="" class="" style="max-width: 580px;"></a></p>
591. <p>The webinar, "Bust or Trust? The scientific consensus on climate change," delves into the history of misinformation surrounding climate change and strategies to counter it. Initially, the argument was that scientists disagreed and there was no consensus on climate change. However, studies conducted for example by Naomi Oreskes in 2004 and John Cook in 2013 effectively quantified the consensus, showing overwhelming agreement among climate experts. This led to a shift in the narrative, with opponents then questioning the focus on consensus and claiming that science isn't decided by consensus.</p>
592. <p><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/graphics.php?g=250" target="_blank"><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/graphics/consensus_censorship_med.jpg" alt="consensus cartoon" width="500" height="166" /></a></p>
593. <p>The webinar also highlighted examples of misinformation, such as a Wall Street Journal op-ed that mischaracterized the researchers of the 2013 consensus study, and the Global Warming Petition Project, which falsely claimed that there was no scientific consensus on climate change because 31,000 science graduates signed a dissenting petition. The impact of such misinformation is significant, influencing public beliefs and policy support. It also polarizes opinions and widens the gap between different groups.</p>
594. <p>To counter misinformation, the webinar discussed inoculation theory, which involves exposing people to a weakened version of misinformation to build cognitive immunity. Explaining misinformation techniques and using strategies like the "truth sandwich" can neutralize the effects of misinformation. Additionally, AI and large language models are being used to generate debunkings of climate misinformation. The webinar emphasized the importance of communicating climate messages that don't alienate people's values and highlighting the co-benefits of climate action.</p>
595. <p>The second presentation can be <a href="https://skepticalscience.com/RepublicEN-Webinar-Consensus_part2.pdf" target="_blank">downloaded as a PDF</a> (5MB).</p>
596. <h3>Additional information</h3>
597. <p>Here are a few links with more information about the scientific consensus on human-caused global warming:</p>
598. <p><a href="https://sks.to/consensus-explainer" target="_blank">Consensus Explainer</a></p>
599. <p><strong>Consensus-related videos from <a href="https://sks.to/denial101x" target="_blank">Denial101x</a></strong></p>
600. <p>Consensus of evidence - <a href="https://youtu.be/5LvaGAEwxYs" target="_blank">https://youtu.be/5LvaGAEwxYs</a><br />Consensus of scientists - <a href="https://youtu.be/WAqR9mLJrcE" target="_blank">https://youtu.be/WAqR9mLJrcE</a><br />Consensus of papers - <a href="https://youtu.be/LdLgSirToJM" target="_blank">https://youtu.be/LdLgSirToJM</a><br />Knowledge based consensus - <a href="https://youtu.be/HUOMbK1x7MI" target="_blank">https://youtu.be/HUOMbK1x7MI</a></p>
601. <p><strong>Publications</strong></p>
602. <p><a href="https://sks.to/chb-sks" target="_blank">The Consensus handbook</a></p>
603. <p><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/denial101x-references-1.html#_Toc423620512" target="_blank">Consensus of Evidence</a></p>
604. <p><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/denial101x-references-1.html#_Toc423620513" target="_blank">Consensus of Scientists</a></p>
605. <p><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/denial101x-references-1.html#_Toc423620514" target="_blank">Consensus of Papers</a></p>
606. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/denial101x-references-1.html#_Toc423620515" target="_blank"&gt;Knowledge based consensus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
607. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/webinars-consensus-on-human-caused-global-warming.html</link>
608. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/webinars-consensus-on-human-caused-global-warming.html</guid>
609. <pubDate>Wed, 2 Apr 2025 23:16:34 EST</pubDate>
610. </item>  <item>
611. <title>Skeptical Science New Research for Week #12 2025</title>
612. <description>&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span&gt;Open access notables&lt;img class="figureright zoomable" src="https://skepticalscience.com//pics/SkS_weekly_research_small.jpg" alt="" width="250" height="139" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
613. <p><span><strong><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02195-3" target="_blank">The severe 2020 coral bleaching event in the tropical Atlantic linked to marine heatwaves</a></strong>, Rodrigues et al., <em>Communications Earth & Environment:</em></span></p>
614. <blockquote>
615. <p><em>Marine heatwaves can amplify the vulnerabilities of regional marine ecosystems and jeopardise local economies and food resources. Here, we show that marine heatwaves in the tropical Atlantic have increased in frequency, intensity, duration, and spatial extent. Marine heatwaves are 5.1 times more frequent and 4.7 times more intense since the records started in 1982, with the 10 most extreme summers/falls in terms of marine heatwave cumulative intensity and spatial extension occurring in the last two decades. The extreme warming during the summer/fall of 2020 led to the largest bleaching event recorded along the Brazilian coast, with 85% of stony corals and 70% of zoanthids areas bleached in Rio do Fogo. The increase in the severity of the marine heatwaves in the western tropical Atlantic is not accompanied by trends in the strength of the local drivers. This suggests that weaker forcing can lead to more devastating marine heatwaves as the global ocean temperature rises due to climate change.</em></p>
616. </blockquote>
617. <p><strong><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93531-2" target="_blank">Artificial structures can facilitate rapid coral recovery under climate change</a></strong>, Tanaya et al., Scientific Reports:</p>
618. <blockquote>
619. <p><em>Rising seawater temperatures from climate change have caused coral bleaching, risking coral extinction by century’s end. To save corals, reef restoration must occur alongside other climate-change mitigation. Here we show the effectiveness of habitat creation on artificial structures for rapid coral restoration in response to climate change. We use 29 years of field observations for coral distributions on breakwaters and surrounding reefs (around 33,000 measurements in total). Following bleaching in 1998, breakwaters had higher coral cover (mainly Acropora spp.) than did surrounding natural reefs. Coral recovery times on breakwaters matched the frequency of recent bleaching events (~ every 6 years) and were accelerated by surface processing of the artificial structures with grooves. Corals on breakwaters were more abundant in shallow waters, under high light, and on moderately sloped substrate. Coral abundance on breakwaters was increased by incorporating shallow areas and surface texture. Our results suggest that habitat creation on artificial structures can increase coral community resilience against climate change by increasing coral recovery potential.</em></p>
620. </blockquote>
621. <p><strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/risa.17713" target="_blank">A new hope or phantom menace? Exploring climate emotions and public support for climate interventions across 30 countries</a></strong>, Baum et al., <em>Risk Analysis:</em></p>
622. <blockquote>
623. <p><span><em>This article employed a unique, global dataset with 30,284 participants across 30 countries (in 19 languages) to provide insights on 3 questions. We first leveraged the global dataset to map the incidence of fear, hope, anger, sadness, and worry across countries—the first time the climate emotions of adults are investigated on this scale. We also identified significant differences in emotions by level of development, with those in advanced economies reporting weaker levels of climate emotions. Second, using multiple linear regression analyses, we explored the relationship between climate emotions and support for climate-intervention technologies. We determined that the emotions of hope and worry seem to be the most consistently (positively) correlated. Third, we explored if reading about technology categories differentially affected climate emotions. Individuals randomly assigned to read about ecosystems-based CDR [carbon dioxide removal] were significantly more hopeful about climate change (those about SRM [solar radiation management] the least).</em> </span></p>
624. </blockquote>
625. <p><strong><a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.240425" target="_blank">Threshold uncertainty, early warning signals and the prevention of dangerous climate change</a></strong>, Hurlstone et al., <em>Royal Society Open Science:</em></p>
626. <blockquote>
627. <p><em>The goal of the Paris Agreement is to keep global temperature rise well below 2°C. In this agreement—and its antecedents negotiated in Copenhagen and Cancun—the fear of crossing a dangerous climate threshold is supposed to serve as the catalyst for cooperation among countries. However, there are deep uncertainties about the location of the threshold for dangerous climate change, and recent evidence indicates this threshold uncertainty is a major impediment to collective action. Early warning signals of approaching climate thresholds are a potential remedy to this threshold uncertainty problem, and initial experimental evidence suggests such early detection systems may improve the prospects of cooperation. Here, we provide a direct experimental assessment of this early warning signal hypothesis. Using a catastrophe avoidance game, we show that large initial—and subsequently unreduced—threshold uncertainty undermines cooperation, consistent with earlier studies. An early warning signal that reduced uncertainty to within 10% (but not 30%) of the threshold value catalysed cooperation and reduced the probability of catastrophe occurring, albeit not reliably so. Our findings suggest early warning signals can trigger action to avoid a dangerous threshold, but additional mechanisms may be required to foster the cooperation needed to ensure the threshold is not breached.</em></p>
628. </blockquote>
629. <p><span><span><strong><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57640-w" target="_blank">Early warning of complex <span id="skstip42" class="skstip beginner disabled">climate</span> risk with integrated artificial intelligence</a></strong><span>, Reichstein et al., </span><em>Nature Communications:</em></span></span></p>
630. <blockquote>
631. <p><em>As climate change accelerates, human societies face growing exposure to disasters and stress, highlighting the urgent need for effective early warning systems (EWS). These systems monitor, assess, and communicate risks to support resilience and sustainable development, but challenges remain in hazard forecasting, risk communication, and decision-making. This perspective explores the transformative potential of integrated Artificial Intelligence (AI) modeling. We highlight the role of AI in developing multi-hazard EWSs that integrate Meteorological and Geospatial foundation models (FMs) for impact prediction. A user-centric approach with intuitive interfaces and community feedback is emphasized to improve crisis management. To address climate risk complexity, we advocate for causal AI models to avoid spurious predictions and stress the need for responsible AI practices. We highlight the FATES (Fairness, Accountability, Transparency, Ethics, and Sustainability) principles as essential for equitable and trustworthy AI-based Early Warning Systems for all. We further advocate for decadal EWSs, leveraging climate ensembles and generative methods to enable long-term, spatially resolved forecasts for proactive climate adaptation.</em></p>
632. </blockquote>
633. <h3>From this week's government/NGO <a href="#gov-ngo">section</a>:</h3>
634. <p><strong><a href="https://library.wmo.int/records/item/69455-state-of-the-global-climate-2024" target="_blank">State of the Global Climate 2024</a>, </strong>Kennedy et al., <strong>World Meteorological Organization</strong></p>
635. <blockquote>The publication provides a summary of the state of the climate indicators in 2024 with sections on key climate indicators, extreme events, and impacts. The indicators include global temperatures, greenhouse gas concentration, ocean heat content, sea level rise, ocean acidification, Arctic and Antarctic sea ice, glaciers, and precipitation, with an analysis of major drivers of inter-annual climate variability during the year including the El Niño Southern Oscillation and other ocean and atmospheric indices. The highlighted extreme events include those related to tropical cyclones and wind storms; flooding, drought, and extreme heat and cold events. The publication also provides the most recent findings on climate-related risks and impacts including on food security and population displacement.</blockquote>
636. <p><strong><a href="https://www.cni.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DJW_SeniorScholar_CNIFinalReport.pdf" target="_blank">Meeting the Climate Emergency: University Information Infrastructure for Researching Wicked Problems</a>, </strong>Donald Waters, <strong>Coalition for Networked Information</strong></p>
637. <blockquote>The author examines the role of research universities in addressing complex societal challenges. He focuses on climate change, which is best characterized as a “wicked” problem. Such problems are difficult to define and lack clear solutions in part because they involve multiple stakeholders who sometimes have sharply differing interests and perspectives. Given this complexity, understanding climate change is not just a matter for researchers in the STEM fields of science, technology, engineering, and medicine. It requires an all-hands-on-deck approach across the disciplinary spectrum, including experts from the social sciences and humanities. It also requires deep engagement of researchers with the public. The author underscores the urgency and complexity of climate change and other wicked problems that impede human flourishing and offers concrete steps by which universities could adapt their research infrastructure to address these problems more effectively.</blockquote>
638. <h3>107 articles in 51 journals by 664 contributing authors</h3>
639. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Physical science of climate change, effects</strong></p>
640. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adr6336" target="_blank">Amplified wintertime Arctic warming causes Eurasian cooling via nonlinear feedback of suppressed synoptic eddy activities</a>, Yin et al., <em>Science Advances</em> 10.1126/sciadv.adr6336</p>
641. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024av001628" target="_blank">Fire, Fuel, and Climate Interactions in Temperate Climates</a>, Kampf et al., <em>AGU Advances</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024av001628" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024av001628</p>
642. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57913-4" target="_blank">Monitoring, modeling, and forecasting long-term changes in coastal seawater quality due to climate change</a>, Guan et al., <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41467-025-57913-4</p>
643. <!--more-->
644. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70102" target="_blank">Reconciling the Discrepancy in Projected Global Dryland Expansion in a Warming World</a>, Zhou & Yu, <em>Global Change Biology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70102" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1111/gcb.70102</p>
645. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jd043178" target="_blank">Satellite Retrievals Show Adiabatic Fraction of Marine Low Clouds Decreasing With Increasing Temperature and Height Above Cloud Base</a>, Lu et al., <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jd043178" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024jd043178</p>
646. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adq9461" target="_blank">Teleconnection from Arctic warming suppresses long-term warming in central Eurasia</a>, Gong et al., <em>Science Advances</em> 10.1126/sciadv.adq9461</p>
647. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Observations of climate change, effects</strong></p>
648. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2025.100761" target="_blank">40-Year Statistics of Warm-Season Extreme Hourly Precipitation over North China</a>, Pei et al., <em>Weather and Climate Extremes</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2025.100761" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.wace.2025.100761</p>
649. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-24-0418.1" target="_blank">Annual Cycle Changes in the Vertical Structure of Ocean Temperature: A Fingerprint of Human Influence on Climate</a>, Shi et al., <em>Journal of Climate</em> 10.1175/jcli-d-24-0418.1</p>
650. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8829" target="_blank">Application of XGBoost in Disentangling the Fingerprints of Global Warming and Decadal Climate Modes on Seasonal Precipitation Trends in Ohio</a>, Wegener & Ibebuchi, <em>International Journal of Climatology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8829" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1002/joc.8829</p>
651. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-025-00650-5" target="_blank">Physical and biogeochemical responses of Tibetan Plateau lakes to climate change</a>, Zhu et al., <em>Nature Reviews Earth & Environment</em> 10.1038/s43017-025-00650-5</p>
652. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101546" target="_blank">Trends and Drivers of Tropical Cyclones Originating in the South China Sea during 1949-2021</a>, Li et al., <em>Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans</em> 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2025.101546</p>
653. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Instrumentation & observational methods of climate change, effects</strong></p>
654. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl114398" target="_blank">Disagreement in Detected Heatwave Trends Resulting From Diagnostic Methods</a>, Zhang et al., <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl114398" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024gl114398</p>
655. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57640-w" target="_blank">Early warning of complex climate risk with integrated artificial intelligence</a>, Reichstein et al., <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41467-025-57640-w</p>
656. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8799" target="_blank">Extreme Event Attribution in the Mediterranean</a>, Jézéquel et al., <em>International Journal of Climatology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8799" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1002/joc.8799</p>
657. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-100" target="_blank">Mexico's High Resolution Climate Database (MexHiResClimDB): a new daily high-resolution gridded climate dataset for Mexico covering 1951–2020</a>, Carrera-Hernández, <em></em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/essd" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/essd-2025-100</p>
658. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.240425" target="_blank">Threshold uncertainty, early warning signals and the prevention of dangerous climate change</a>, Hurlstone et al., <em>Royal Society Open Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.240425" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1098/rsos.240425</p>
659. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Modeling, simulation & projection of climate change, effects</strong></p>
660. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jd042741" target="_blank">Constrained Projections of Extreme Low Temperatures in Eastern China</a>, Wang et al., <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</em> 10.1029/2024jd042741</p>
661. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.02.007" target="_blank">Development of a high-resolution dataset of future monthly surface solar radiation by combining CMIP6 projections and satellite-based retrievals</a>, HE et al., <em>Advances in Climate Change Research</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.02.007" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.accre.2025.02.007</p>
662. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jd041572" target="_blank">High-Resolution Climate Change Projections of Atmospheric Rivers Over the South Pacific</a>, Goddard et al., <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jd041572" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024jd041572</p>
663. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Advancement of climate & climate effects modeling, simulation & projection</strong></p>
664. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4401-2024" target="_blank">An improved and extended parameterization of the CO2 15 µm cooling in the middle and upper atmosphere (CO2&cool&fort-1.0)</a>, López-Puertas et al., <em>Geoscientific Model Development</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/gmd-17-4401-2024</p>
665. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108077" target="_blank">Evaluation of the CMIP6 models for simulating the trend of the Barents-Kara Sea compound heatwaves in boreal autumn</a>, Xin et al., <em>Atmospheric Research</em> 10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108077</p>
666. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3269-2025" target="_blank">Too cold, too saturated? Evaluating climate models at the gateway to the Arctic</a>, Pithan et al., <em>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/acp" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/acp-25-3269-2025</p>
667. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Cryosphere & climate change</strong></p>
668. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1181-2025" target="_blank">Bathymetry-constrained impact of relative sea-level change on basal melting in Antarctica</a>, Kreuzer et al., <em>The Cryosphere</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/tc" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/tc-19-1181-2025</p>
669. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57698-6" target="_blank">Climate’s firm grip on glacier ablation in the Cordillera Darwin Icefield, Tierra del Fuego</a>, Temme et al., <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41467-025-57698-6</p>
670. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2025.1" target="_blank">Constraining sub-seasonal glacier mass balance in the Swiss Alps using Sentinel-2-derived snow-cover observations</a>, Cremona et al., <em>Journal of Glaciology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2025.1" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1017/jog.2025.1</p>
671. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adp3300" target="_blank">Deep learning the flow law of Antarctic ice shelves</a>, Wang et al., <em>Science</em> <a style="color: green;" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1126/science.adp3300</p>
672. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-922" target="_blank">Historically consistent mass loss projections of the Greenland ice sheet</a>, Rahlves et al., <em></em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/tc" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/egusphere-2024-922</p>
673. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1259-2025" target="_blank">Impacts of air fraction increase on Arctic sea ice density, freeboard, and thickness estimation during the melt season</a>, Salganik et al., <em>The Cryosphere</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/tc" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/tc-19-1259-2025</p>
674. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-6884" target="_blank">Incomplete Arctic Sea-Ice Recovery Under CO2 Removal and Its Effects on the Winter Atmospheric Circulation</a>, Yu et al., <em></em> 10.5194/egusphere-egu25-6884</p>
675. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Biology & climate change, related geochemistry</strong></p>
676. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71040" target="_blank">Adaptive Management Based on the Habitat Change of Cibotium barometz Under Synergistic Impact of Climate and Land Use Change—A Case Study of Guangxi, China</a>, Feng et al., <em>Ecology and Evolution</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71040" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1002/ece3.71040</p>
677. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70119" target="_blank">Altered Phenotypic Responses of Asexual Arctic Daphnia After 10 Years of Rapid Climate Change</a>, Karapli?Petritsopoulou et al., <em>Global Change Biology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70119" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1111/gcb.70119</p>
678. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70022" target="_blank">Arctic tundra ecosystems under fire—Alternative ecosystem states in a changing climate?</a>, Heim et al., <em>Journal of Ecology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1365" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1111/1365-2745.70022</p>
679. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93531-2" target="_blank">Artificial structures can facilitate rapid coral recovery under climate change</a>, Tanaya et al., <em>Scientific Reports</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41598-025-93531-2</p>
680. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107093" target="_blank">Assessment of the <em>Rugulopteryx okamurae</em> invasion in Northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean bioregions: colonisation status, propagation hypothesis and temperature tolerance thresholds</a>, Román & Vázquez, <em>Marine Environmental Research</em> 10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107093</p>
681. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71008" target="_blank">Climate and Dispersal Ability Limit Future Habitats for Gila Monsters in the Mojave Desert</a>, Hromada et al., <em>Ecology and Evolution</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71008" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1002/ece3.71008</p>
682. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107091" target="_blank">Climate change implications in the suitable habitat of Olive ridley turtle <em>Lepidochelys olivacea</em> in the Eastern Tropical Pacific</a>, García-Rada et al., <em>Marine Environmental Research</em> 10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107091</p>
683. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02163-x" target="_blank">Climate change-driven ice variability and isotopic polarization in Antarctic coastal food webs</a>, Lee et al., <em>Communications Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s43247-025-02163-x</p>
684. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104028" target="_blank">The global yet local nature of energy imaginaries: The cases of Dutch and Spanish hydrogen valleys</a>, Upham & Cruells Maristany, <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104028" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104028</p>
685. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107090" target="_blank">Elucidating divergent growth and climate vulnerability in abalone (<em>Haliotis iris</em>): A multi-year snapshot</a>, Copedo et al., <em>Marine Environmental Research</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107090" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107090</p>
686. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71127" target="_blank">From Ecological Niche to Conservation Planning; Climate-Driven Range Dynamics of Ephedra intermedia in Central Asia</a>, Waheed et al., <em>Ecology and Evolution</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71127" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1002/ece3.71127</p>
687. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126303" target="_blank">Intra-annual xylem formation dynamics of <em>Castanopsis hystrix</em> and its response to climate in southern Guangxi, China</a>, Zhao et al., <em>Dendrochronologia</em> 10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126303</p>
688. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70132" target="_blank">Marine Heatwaves and Iceberg Melting in Polar Areas Intensify Phytoplankton Blooms</a>, Liu et al., <em>Global Change Biology</em> 10.1111/gcb.70132</p>
689. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107085" target="_blank">Physiological responses of scleractinian coral to trace metal enrichment and thermal stress</a>, Tu et al., <em>Marine Environmental Research</em> 10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107085</p>
690. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-121" target="_blank">Shifts in organic matter character and microbial community structure from glacial headwaters to downstream reaches in Canadian Rocky Mountain rivers</a>, Drapeau et al., <em></em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/bg" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/bg-2023-121</p>
691. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02195-3" target="_blank">The severe 2020 coral bleaching event in the tropical Atlantic linked to marine heatwaves</a>, Rodrigues et al., <em>Communications Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s43247-025-02195-3</p>
692. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02186-4" target="_blank">Vegetation optimal temperature modulates global vegetation season onset shifts in response to warming climate</a>, Shi et al., <em>Communications Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s43247-025-02186-4</p>
693. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl114321" target="_blank">Widespread Sensitivity of Vegetation to the Transition From Normal Droughts to Flash Droughts</a>, Liao et al., <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl114321" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024gl114321</p>
694. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>GHG sources & sinks, flux, related geochemistry</strong></p>
695. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57899-z" target="_blank">A greening Earth has reversed the trend of decreasing carbonate weathering under a warming climate</a>, Zeng et al., <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41467-025-57899-z</p>
696. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1427-2025" target="_blank">A microbially driven and depth-explicit soil organic carbon model constrained by carbon isotopes to reduce parameter equifinality</a>, Van de Broek et al., <em>Biogeosciences</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/bg" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/bg-22-1427-2025</p>
697. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-464" target="_blank">An updated synthesis of ocean total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon measurements from 1993 to 2023: the SNAPO-CO2-v2 dataset</a>, Metzl et al., <em></em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/essd" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/essd-2024-464</p>
698. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gb008239" target="_blank">Blue Carbon Stocks Along the Pacific Coast of North America Are Mainly Driven by Local Rather Than Regional Factors</a>, Janousek et al., <em>Global Biogeochemical Cycles</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gb008239" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024gb008239</p>
699. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/adba84" target="_blank">Can agglomerated tall buildings reduce carbon emissions compared to a low-rise urban sprawl?</a>, Bin Thaneya et al., <em>Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2634" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1088/2634-4505/adba84</p>
700. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57677-x" target="_blank">Contributions of biological and physical dynamics to deglacial CO2 release from the polar Southern Ocean</a>, Dai & Yu, <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41467-025-57677-x</p>
701. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02201-8" target="_blank">Diminished contribution of spring phenology to early-season carbon uptake in a changing climate</a>, Liu et al., <em>Communications Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s43247-025-02201-8</p>
702. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000544" target="_blank">Estimation of carbon dioxide emissions from the cement industry in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei using neural networks</a>, Liu et al., <em>PLOS Climate</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000544" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1371/journal.pclm.0000544</p>
703. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70129" target="_blank">Global Critical Drought Thresholds of Terrestrial Carbon Sink–Source Transition</a>, Guo et al., <em>Global Change Biology</em> 10.1111/gcb.70129</p>
704. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/adbd6e" target="_blank">Greenhouse gas emissions of global construction material production</a>, Kane et al., <em>Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2634" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1088/2634-4505/adbd6e</p>
705. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2025.101693" target="_blank">Historical trends, underlying factors and the 2035 horizon situation of GHG emission in 16 Middle Eastern nations</a>, Ahmadi Orkomi, <em>Energy for Sustainable Development</em> 10.1016/j.esd.2025.101693</p>
706. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70139" target="_blank">Human Activities Reshape Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Inland Waters</a>, Liu et al., <em>Global Change Biology</em> 10.1111/gcb.70139</p>
707. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108035" target="_blank">Local and regional enhancements of GHGs in Thessaloniki, inferred from ground-based FTIR measurements</a>, Mermigkas et al., <em>Atmospheric Research</em> 10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108035</p>
708. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94058-2" target="_blank">On the calculation of carbon and nutrient transport to the oceans</a>, Li & White, <em>Scientific Reports</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41598-025-94058-2</p>
709. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2023.02.001" target="_blank">Spatial and temporal variations of gross primary production simulated by land surface model BCC&AVIM2.0</a>, Li et al., <em>Advances in Climate Change Research</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2023.02.001" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.accre.2023.02.001</p>
710. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70127" target="_blank">What Regulates Net Carbon Uptake in Coastal Ecosystems?</a>, Pendall, <em>Global Change Biology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70127" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1111/gcb.70127</p>
711. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>CO2 capture, sequestration science & engineering</strong></p>
712. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104796" target="_blank">Restoration of secondary forest in the Greater Mekong Subregion struggles to offset primary forest carbon losses</a>, Peng et al., <em>Global and Planetary Change</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104796" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104796</p>
713. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Decarbonization</strong></p>
714. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef004987" target="_blank">Influence of Black Carbon on Photovoltaic and Wind Energy Potential Under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways</a>, Ji & Chen, <em>Earth's Future</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef004987" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024ef004987</p>
715. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/we.70013" target="_blank">More Wind, Falling Efficiency: The Driving Factors of German Onshore Wind Power Generation</a>, Janal et al., <em>Wind Energy</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/we.70013" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1002/we.70013</p>
716. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57565-4" target="_blank">Quantifying cascading power outages during climate extremes considering renewable energy integration</a>, Xu et al., <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41467-025-57565-4</p>
717. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114605" target="_blank">Support mechanisms for low-carbon hydrogen: The risks of segmenting a commodity market</a>, Mastropietro & Rodilla, <em>Energy Policy</em> 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114605</p>
718. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104028" target="_blank">The global yet local nature of energy imaginaries: The cases of Dutch and Spanish hydrogen valleys</a>, Upham & Cruells Maristany, <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104028" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104028</p>
719. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Geoengineering climate</strong></p>
720. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef004749" target="_blank">Application of Hollow Glass Microspheres in the Arctic Ocean Would Likely Lead to a Deceleration of Arctic Sea Ice Loss” - A Critique of the Paper by Webster and Warren (2022)</a>, Strawa et al., <em>Earth's Future</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef004749" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024ef004749</p>
721. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Aerosols</strong></p>
722. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl110962" target="_blank">Future Anthropogenic Land Use Change Impacts on Carbonaceous Aerosol and Implications for Climate and Air Quality</a>, Shi et al., <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl110962" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024gl110962</p>
723. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108036" target="_blank">Type-based assessment of aerosol direct radiative effects: A proof-of-concept using GEOS-Chem and CATCH</a>, Sutherland & Meskhidze, <em>Atmospheric Research</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108036" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108036</p>
724. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Climate change communications & cognition</strong></p>
725. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/risa.17713" target="_blank">A new hope or phantom menace? Exploring climate emotions and public support for climate interventions across 30 countries</a>, Baum et al., <em>Risk Analysis</em> <a style="color: green;" href="http://www.thelancet.com/article/S1473309910702243/pdf" target="_blank">Open Access</a> <span> </span><a class="epub-doi" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.17713">https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.17713</a></p>
726. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2025.2470881" target="_blank">Dissensus Rhetoric in Youth Climate Justice Activism</a>, Buhre, <em>Environmental Communication</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2025.2470881" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1080/17524032.2025.2470881</p>
727. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102578" target="_blank">Protecting the Earth Radically: Perceiving Police Injustice Activates Climate Protesters’ Need for Significance</a>, Jansma et al., <em>Journal of Environmental Psychology</em> 10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102578</p>
728. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2477117" target="_blank">Scorching doubts: unveiling climate change skepticism among gulf cooperation council residents</a>, Kaya et al., <em>Climate Policy</em> 10.1080/14693062.2025.2477117</p>
729. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Agronomy, animal husbundry, food production & climate change</strong></p>
730. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gb008209" target="_blank">Agricultural Land Use Impacts Aquatic Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Wetlands in the Canadian Prairie Pothole Region</a>, Logozzo et al., <em>Global Biogeochemical Cycles</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gb008209" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024gb008209</p>
731. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2478286" target="_blank">Agroforestry as land-based carbon dioxide removal in central Europe: tensions between institutions, interests, and ideas hindering scaling up</a>, Montero-de-Oliveira et al., <em>Climate Policy</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2478286" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1080/14693062.2025.2478286</p>
732. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02289-y" target="_blank">Decreasing dynamic predictability of global agricultural drought with warming climate</a>, Wu et al., <em>Nature Climate Change</em> 10.1038/s41558-025-02289-y</p>
733. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02162-y" target="_blank">Grazing decreases carbon storage in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau grasslands</a>, Huang et al., <em>Communications Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s43247-025-02162-y</p>
734. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4871-2024" target="_blank">Modeling biochar effects on soil organic carbon on croplands in a microbial decomposition model (MIMICS-BC&v1.0)</a>, Han et al., <em>Geoscientific Model Development</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/gmd-17-4871-2024</p>
735. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2025.101520" target="_blank">Productivity versus sustainability: paradigms of climate-resilient development in South Asian smallholder agriculture</a>, Prateek, <em>Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability</em> 10.1016/j.cosust.2025.101520</p>
736. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-025-01532-w" target="_blank">Reduction of deforestation by agroforestry in high carbon stock forests of Southeast Asia</a>, Teo et al., <em>Nature Sustainability</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41893-025-01532-w</p>
737. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57355-y" target="_blank">Revisiting the soil carbon saturation concept to inform a risk index in European agricultural soils</a>, Breure et al., <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41467-025-57355-y</p>
738. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Hydrology, hydrometeorology & climate change</strong></p>
739. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2024.100651" target="_blank">Assessing climate risks from satellite imagery with machine learning: A case study of flood risks in Jakarta</a>, Yang et al., <em>Climate Risk Management</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2024.100651" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.crm.2024.100651</p>
740. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102382" target="_blank">Climate change effects on the spatial and temporal distribution of extreme precipitation in the Mid-Atlantic region</a>, Mirzaei et al., <em>Urban Climate</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102382" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102382</p>
741. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Climate change economics</strong></p>
742. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1517472" target="_blank">Global carbon emission governance and green trade: the moderating role of political stability and trade diversity</a>, Guo et al., <em>Frontiers in Environmental Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1517472" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.3389/fenvs.2025.1517472</p>
743. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104031" target="_blank">Institutional investors and low-carbon transitions: A multi-level analysis of lead firm reorientation in northern Europe</a>, Kreander et al., <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104031" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104031</p>
744. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Climate change mitigation public policy research</strong></p>
745. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114587" target="_blank">Environmental policy and investment location: The risk of carbon leakage in the EU ETS</a>, D'Arcangelo & Galeotti Galeotti Galeotti, <em>Energy Policy</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/327158/files/NDL2022" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/327158/files/NDL2022-027.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114587</p>
746. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(15)60311-6" target="_blank">Green dreams or fossil schemes? Mapping Canada's green growth policy-planning network</a>, Le Page, <em>New Scientist</em> <a style="color: green;" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/s0262-4079(15)60311-6</p>
747. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2477772" target="_blank">Identifying scenarios for renewable energy development in Iran: the role of collaborative governance</a>, Sadabadi & Rahimirad, <em>Climate Policy</em> 10.1080/14693062.2025.2477772</p>
748. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104004" target="_blank">Sámi perspectives on energy justice and wind energy developments in Northern Norway</a>, Blokzijl & Rasch, <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104004</p>
749. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Climate change adaptation & adaptation public policy research</strong></p>
750. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.02.006" target="_blank">Degradation of potential winter roads threatens vulnerable communities’ freight accessibility in the pan-Arctic region</a>, Li-Yuan et al., <em>Advances in Climate Change Research</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.02.006" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.accre.2025.02.006</p>
751. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2025.2459065" target="_blank">Examining environmental justice in legacy city climate action planning</a>, Kronenberger et al., <em>Climate and Development</em> 10.1080/17565529.2025.2459065</p>
752. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.102994" target="_blank">Integrating climate mitigation and adaptation in the UK: A new anticipatory narrative for achieving “Climate Resilient Net Zero” in preparing for heat risk</a>, Howarth et al., <em>Global Environmental Change</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.102994" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.102994</p>
753. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2025.100701" target="_blank">Reflections on delivering place-based climate risk data in support of local adaptation decisions</a>, Smith et al., <em>Climate Risk Management</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2025.100701" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100701</p>
754. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2025.101523" target="_blank">The paradox of climate resilience and elusive peace in the Lake Chad Basin: a case for an adaptive governance approach</a>, Tiky & Ndiloseh, <em>Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability</em> 10.1016/j.cosust.2025.101523</p>
755. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2025.100699" target="_blank">The role of gender in firm-level climate change adaptation behaviour: Insights from small businesses in Senegal and Kenya</a>, Elizabeth Gannon et al., <em>Climate Risk Management</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2025.100699" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100699</p>
756. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102379" target="_blank">Urban climate risk assessment under climate and land use changes impact: A multi-dimensional approach</a>, Wu et al., <em>Urban Climate</em> 10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102379</p>
757. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Climate change impacts on human health</strong></p>
758. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57781-y" target="_blank">Climate warming may undermine sleep duration and quality in repeated-measure study of 23 million records</a>, Li et al., <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41467-025-57781-y</p>
759. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02161-z" target="_blank">Global warming risks dehydrating and inflaming human airways</a>, Edwards et al., <em>Communications Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s43247-025-02161-z</p>
760. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Other</strong></p>
761. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2025.2477105" target="_blank">A review of intersectionality and climate change and the potential of intersectional participatory methods and storytelling to co-produce climate justice</a>, Rigon, <em>Climate and Development</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2025.2477105" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1080/17565529.2025.2477105</p>
762. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70130" target="_blank">What Are the Limits to the Growth of Boreal Fires?</a>, Janssen & Veraverbeke, <em>Global Change Biology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70130" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1111/gcb.70130</p>
763. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Informed opinion, nudges & major initiatives</strong></p>
764. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57679-9" target="_blank">Prioritizing involuntary immobility in climate policy and disaster planning</a>, Thalheimer et al., <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41467-025-57679-9</p>
765. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02281-6" target="_blank">Small step funding models fit better for climate research</a>, Hulme, <em>Nature Climate Change</em> <a style="color: green;" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41558-025-02281-6</p>
766. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Book reviews</strong></p>
767. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2025.2477259" target="_blank">Communicating the Climate Crisis New Directions for Facing What Lies Ahead</a>, Dewi et al., <em>Environmental Communication</em> 10.1080/17524032.2025.2477259</p>
768. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2025.2478218" target="_blank">The Anthropocene of Weather and Climate: Ethnographic Contributions to the Climate Change Debate</a>, Firmansyah et al., <em>Environmental Communication</em> 10.1080/17524032.2025.2478218</p>
769. <hr />
770. <h3><a id="gov-ngo"></a>Articles/Reports from Agencies and Non-Governmental Organizations Addressing Aspects of Climate Change</h3>
771. <p><strong><a href="https://www.maine.gov/energy/sites/maine.gov.energy/files/2025-03/2024%20Maine%20CEIR%20Final%20Version.pdf" target="_blank">2024 Maine Clean Energy Industry Report</a>, </strong>bw Research Partnership, <strong>State of Maine Governor’s Energy Office</strong></p>
772. <blockquote>The clean energy sector is a high-growth sector of Maine’s economy, growing faster than the state’s overall economy and faster than any other New England state’s clean energy economy. There were close to 15,600 clean energy workers in the state of Maine in 2023, representing 2.4 percent of the entire state’s workforce. Between 2022 and 2023, the clean energy economy added more than 500 jobs, and by the end of 2023, it represented 3.2 percent of Maine’s total economic output, up from 2.7 percent in 2022. Not only is the clean energy economy growing, but it is outpacing Maine’s overall economy; while employment in the overall economy grew by 1.7 percent from 2022 to 2023, the clean energy workforce grew by 3.6 percent. Within New England, Maine’s clean energy workforce has grown the fastest since 2019</blockquote>
773. <p><strong><a href="https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/2025-02/Transportation_Scorecard_2.0_Right_25-01-A_06_locked.pdf" target="_blank">Getting Transportation Right</a>, </strong>Henningson et al., <strong>Natural Resources Defense Council</strong></p>
774. <blockquote>The scorecard assesses state policies and implementation related to eliminating transportation greenhouse gas pollution and improving access to clean transportation by ranking all 50 states and Washington, D.C., across 21 policy and outcome metrics. These metrics have been updated since 2023 to reflect feedback from in-state stakeholders and the availability of new data and research. The updates include raising the bar on how states earn points for existing metrics. This assessment identifies leading states and best practices, highlighting opportunities for elected and appointed leaders in every state to go further and faster to equitably deliver climate and public health benefits to their constituents.</blockquote>
775. <p><strong><a href="https://web-assets.bcg.com/a1/fc/811b182f481fbe039d51776ec172/landing-the-economic-case-for-climate-action-with-decision-makers-wo-spine-mar-2025.pdf" target="_blank">Landing the Economic Case for Climate Action with Decision Makers</a>, </strong>Benayad et al., <strong>Boston Consulting Group and the University of Cambridge climaTRACES Lab</strong></p>
776. <blockquote>Governments, businesses, and people worldwide are paying the price for the storms, floods, heat waves, and droughts that are caused by climate change. Without the investment necessary to limit further global warming, the economic growth and resilience on which the world relies will be severely diminished along with societies’ ability to achieve their broader goals. The authors set out the economic case for climate action—and how we can make it influence today's decisions.</blockquote>
777. <p><strong><a href="https://secondnature.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Offsets-Guidance-Document-2-1.pdf" target="_blank">Carbon Markets and Offset Guidance</a>, </strong><strong>Second Nature</strong></p>
778. <blockquote>The authors synthesize almost two years' worth of research into carbon markets, corporate offset engagement, and higher education offset engagement trends to provide an analysis of the options, risks, and best practices available to higher education. This comprehensive resource is designed to help colleges and universities navigate the evolving landscape of carbon offset markets with integrity. This updated guidance builds upon previous versions, integrating the latest scientific insights and best practices to support institutions committed to climate action</blockquote>
779. <p><strong><a href="https://washmatters.wateraid.org/sites/g/files/jkxoof256/files/2025-03/Water-and-climate-Rising-risks-for-urban-populations.pdf" target="_blank">Water and climate. Rising risks for urban populations</a>, </strong>Michaelides et al., <strong>WaterAid</strong></p>
780. <blockquote>The authors examine climatic trends over the past 42 years in the world’s 100 most-populated cities, plus 12 cities where WaterAid works. They analyze whether these cities are becoming more prone to floods or droughts, and how these changes affect the people who live there. Many cities experience “whiplash”; droughts that dry up water sources followed closely by floods that overwhelm infrastructure, destroying sanitation systems and contaminating drinking water. Meanwhile, other cities are seeing dramatic climate reversals. Places accustomed to heavy rainfall are now facing droughts, while historically arid regions now grapple with unexpected floods.?</blockquote>
781. <p><strong><a href="https://seia.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SMI-2024-YIR-ES.pdf" target="_blank">US Solar Market Insight</a>, </strong>Martinez et al., <strong>Wood Mackenzie and the Solar Energy Industries Association</strong></p>
782. <blockquote>Each quarter, the authors collect granular data on the U.S. solar market from nearly 200 utilities, state agencies, installers, and manufacturers. These data provide the backbone of the report in which the authors identify and analyze trends in U.S. solar demand, manufacturing and pricing by state and market segment over the next five to ten years. The report includes all 50 states, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico.</blockquote>
783. <p><strong><a href="https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2025/03/US-Electricity-2025-Special-Report.pdf" target="_blank">US Electricity 2025 Special Report</a>, </strong>Jones et al., <strong>Ember</strong></p>
784. <blockquote>The authors analyze full-year U.S. Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) electricity data to give an up-to-date view of the U.S. electricity system and key developments in 2024. Highlights include wind and solar combined producing a record 17% of U.S. electricity in 2024, overtaking coal at 15% for the first time; 3%=the year-on-year increase in electricity demand – the fifth largest year-on-year increase this century; and 64TWh=the year-on-year increase in solar generation, larger than the 59 TWh rise in gas generation.</blockquote>
785. <p><strong><a href="https://www.cni.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DJW_SeniorScholar_CNIFinalReport.pdf" target="_blank">Meeting the Climate Emergency: University Information Infrastructure for Researching Wicked Problems</a>, </strong>Donald Waters, <strong>Coalition for Networked Information</strong></p>
786. <blockquote>The author examines the role of research universities in addressing complex societal challenges. He focuses on climate change, which is best characterized as a “wicked” problem. Such problems are difficult to define and lack clear solutions in part because they involve multiple stakeholders who sometimes have sharply differing interests and perspectives. Given this complexity, understanding climate change is not just a matter for researchers in the STEM fields of science, technology, engineering, and medicine. It requires an all-hands-on-deck approach across the disciplinary spectrum, including experts from the social sciences and humanities. It also requires deep engagement of researchers with the public. The author underscores the urgency and complexity of climate change and other wicked problems that impede human flourishing and offers concrete steps by which universities could adapt their research infrastructure to address these problems more effectively.</blockquote>
787. <p><strong><a href="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/666b5e2511401979cdbdccbc/t/673f4280aea3e602c6bcba25/1732199058742/Report+-+Heat+Stress+in+3+Cambodian+Sectors+2024.pdf" target="_blank">Heat Stress in the Cambodian Workplace</a>, </strong>Parsons et al, <strong>Royal Holloway, University of London</strong></p>
788. <blockquote>The risk of heatwaves is increasing in Cambodia. In early May 2024, Cambodia faced its highest average temperatures in 170 years. Heatwaves of this sort are now over four times more frequent than historical averages, posing a major risk to health. However, the health risk resulting from heatwaves is uneven. Relatively socially disadvantaged people are disproportionately affected by temperature extremes. This is a key policy priority for Cambodia. However, these differences are difficult to measure and interpret. This study is one of the first to combine socio-economic data with scientific core temperature measurement.</blockquote>
789. <p><strong><a href="ttps://novaregion.org/DocumentCenter/View/14532/MIRR-Phase-20-Full-Report-PDF" target="_blank">Military Installation Resilience Review Phase 2.0</a>, </strong><strong>Northern Virginia Regional Commission</strong></p>
790. <blockquote>The Military Installation Resilience Review (MIRR) is a collaborative effort to address issues that impact the resiliency of four counties and three military installations in Northern Virginia. The authors present 50 recommended guidelines aimed at aligning policies and processes of the community, military partners, and the Northern Virginia Regional Commission with an overall goal of achieving more consistent and effective outcomes in addressing resiliency gaps. The authors focus on a set of specific issues and opportunities related to regional coordination, resilient transportation planning, transit service to military installations, stormwater and floodplain management, and emergency management and communications interoperability.</blockquote>
791. <p><strong><a href="https://heatpumppartnership.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/CAHPP_Blueprint_2025.pdf" target="_blank">California Heat Pump Partnership Blueprint</a>, </strong><strong>The California Heat Pump Partnership</strong></p>
792. <blockquote>Heat pump space and water heating equipment (collectively referred to here as “heat pumps”) are critical technologies to move California toward a healthier, more efficient building stock, powered by clean electricity. While heat pumps are gaining traction among consumers and contractors, accelerated adoption is necessary to fully realize these benefits and meet California’s ambitious climate goals. The authors outline near-term strategies to advance the state’s target of installing six million heat pumps by 2030.</blockquote>
793. <p><strong><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7307408649600036864" target="_blank">A Guide to Navigating Carbon Markets: Exploring the Potential for Eastern Africa</a>, </strong>Ahonen et al, <strong>Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit</strong></p>
794. <blockquote>Carbon markets are paving the way for sustainable development and climate action across the globe. In Eastern Africa, they hold tremendous potential to not only meet climate goals but also drive low-carbon economic growth and attract crucial investment. The authors discuss how Eastern African countries can leverage carbon markets to finance climate action; navigate market structures and regulatory frameworks; and empower policymakers and project developers with actionable insights.</blockquote>
795. <p><strong><a href="https://library.wmo.int/records/item/69455-state-of-the-global-climate-2024" target="_blank">State of the Global Climate 2024</a>, </strong>Kennedy et al, <strong>World Meteorological Organization</strong></p>
796. <blockquote>The publication provides a summary of the state of the climate indicators in 2024 with sections on key climate indicators, extreme events, and impacts. The indicators include global temperatures, greenhouse gas concentration, ocean heat content, sea level rise, ocean acidification, Arctic and Antarctic sea ice, glaciers, and precipitation, with an analysis of major drivers of inter-annual climate variability during the year including the El Niño Southern Oscillation and other ocean and atmospheric indices. The highlighted extreme events include those related to tropical cyclones and wind storms; flooding, drought, and extreme heat and cold events. The publication also provides the most recent findings on climate-related risks and impacts including on food security and population displacement.</blockquote>
797. <hr />
798. <h3>Obtaining articles without journal subscriptions</h3>
799. <p>We know it's frustrating that many articles we cite here are not free to read. One-off paid access fees are generally astronomically priced, suitable for such as <em>"<a href="https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol2-trans/100" target="_blank">On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light</a>" </em> but not as a gamble on unknowns. With a median world income of US$ 9,373, for most of us US$ 42 is significant money to wager on an article's relevance and importance. </p>
800. <ul>
801. <li><a href="https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/competitions/finding-and-accessing-scientific-papers">Here's an excellent collection</a> of tips and techniques for obtaining articles, legally.</li>
802. </ul>
803. <ul>
804. <li><a href="https://unpaywall.org/" target="_blank">Unpaywall</a> offers a browser extension for Chrome and Firefox that automatically indicates when an article is freely accessible and provides immediate access without further trouble. Unpaywall is also unscammy, works well, is itself offered free to use. The organizers (a legitimate nonprofit) report about a 50% success rate</li>
805. </ul>
806. <ul>
807. <li>The weekly <em>New Research</em> catch is checked against the Unpaywall database with accessible items being flagged. Especially for just-published articles this mechansim may fail. If you're interested in an article title and it is not listed here as "open access," be sure to check the link anyway. </li>
808. </ul>
809. <h3>How is <em>New Research</em> assembled?</h3>
810. <p>Most articles appearing here are found via  RSS feeds from journal publishers, filtered by search terms to produce raw output for assessment of relevance. </p>
811. <p>Relevant articles are then queried against the Unpaywall database, to identify open access articles and expose useful metadata for articles appearing in the database. </p>
812. <p>The objective of New Research isn't to cast a tinge on scientific results, to color readers' impressions. Hence candidate articles are assessed via two metrics only:</p>
813. <ul>
814. <li>Was an article deemed of sufficient merit by a team of journal editors and peer reviewers? The fact of journal RSS output assigns a "yes" to this automatically. </li>
815. <li>Is an article relevant to the topic of anthropogenic climate change? Due to filter overlap with other publication topics of inquiry, of a typical week's 550 or so input articles about 1/4 of RSS output makes the cut.</li>
816. </ul>
817. <p>A few journals offer public access to "preprint" versions of articles for which the review process is not yet complete. For some key journals this all the mention we'll see in RSS feeds, so we include such items in <em>New Research</em>. These are flagged as "preprint."</p>
818. <p>The section "Informed opinion, nudges & major initiatives" includes some items that are not scientific research per se but fall instead into the category of "perspectives," observations of implications of research findings, areas needing attention, etc.</p>
819. <h3>Suggestions</h3>
820. <p>Please let us know if you're aware of an article you think may be of interest for Skeptical Science research news, or if we've missed something that may be important. Send your input to Skeptical Science via our <a href="https://skepticalscience.com/contact.php">contact form</a>.</p>
821. <h3>Journals covered</h3>
822. <p>A list of journals we cover may be found <a href="https://skepticalscience.com/Skeptical-Science-New-Research-Source-Journals.shtml">here</a>. We welcome pointers to omissions, new journals etc.</p>
823. <h3>Previous edition</h3>
824. &lt;p&gt;The previous edition of &lt;em&gt;Skeptical Science New Research&lt;/em&gt; may be found &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/new_research_2025_11.html"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
825. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/new_research_2025_12.html</link>
826. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/new_research_2025_12.html</guid>
827. <pubDate>Thu, 20 Mar 2025 13:00:57 EST</pubDate>
828. </item>  <item>
829. <title>Do Americans really want urban sprawl?</title>
830. <description>&lt;p class="greenbox"&gt;This is a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2025/01/do-americans-really-want-urban-sprawl/"&gt;re-post from Yale Climate Connections by Sarah Wesseler&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
831. <p class="has-drop-cap"><img class="perfmatters-lazy entered pmloaded" src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXdg-88SY1nTJWoBGDQZxFz31Z__Bgu_pe83oTOOl9EKPmiBzOfYoTDBm49kdd31Ti1V0sIa5HPSfa71YlWzV8zojoYoLxc3qZoIDSeRRVyRQrrz7SYKM9kGuUJ9P8QKnvM6CJYU?key=yxMhZQSYwuvpYToQrzVVWJyg" alt="Two side-by-side line drawings. The one on the left shows a suburb with single-family homes spaced widely apart and large roads. On the right, a dense neighborhood of apartments and smaller roads, crosswalks, and bike lanes is shown. " width="550" data-src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXdg-88SY1nTJWoBGDQZxFz31Z__Bgu_pe83oTOOl9EKPmiBzOfYoTDBm49kdd31Ti1V0sIa5HPSfa71YlWzV8zojoYoLxc3qZoIDSeRRVyRQrrz7SYKM9kGuUJ9P8QKnvM6CJYU?key=yxMhZQSYwuvpYToQrzVVWJyg" data-ll-status="loaded" /><em>(Image credit: Antonio Huerta)</em></p>
832. <p class="has-drop-cap">Growing up in suburban Ohio, I was used to seeing farmland and woods disappear to make room for new subdivisions, strip malls, and big box stores. I didn’t usually welcome the changes, but I assumed others did. If people didn’t want to live in sprawling suburbs, why did I see this kind of development everywhere I went?</p>
833. <p>But the situation is more complicated than it seems. Although sprawling development is still a familiar sight across the U.S., many experts in urban planning and housing believe this doesn’t occur because of a uniquely American passion for giant parking lots, but as a result of a dysfunctional market. Many people are hungry for denser, more walkable communities, they believe; there just aren’t enough of them to go around.</p>
834. <p>The question of what kind of communities Americans prefer has important implications for climate change. Suburban U.S. households have <a href="https://coolclimate.berkeley.edu/maps">substantially higher emissions</a> than their city-center counterparts, largely due to cars. Building more dense, walkable developments could significantly lower these emissions – assuming enough people would both choose to live in such communities and find suitable housing there.</p>
835. <!--more-->
836. <h4 class="wp-block-heading"><span>How single-family zoning limits housing choices</span></h4>
837. <p>Jonathan Levine, a professor of urban and regional planning at the University of Michigan, has been thinking about these issues for decades.</p>
838. <p>“What you thought, that we have sprawl because people want sprawl: That really was the dominant view around the turn of the 21st century,” he said.</p>
839. <p>His <a href="https://www.routledge.com/Zoned-Out-Regulation-Markets-and-Choices-in-Transportation-and-Metropolitan-Land-Use/Levine/p/book/9781933115153">2006 book</a> called this idea into question. Its argument: Zoning has distorted the American real estate market, limiting housing options by making common elements of sprawl the only form of development allowed across much of the nation. In many cities, land-use regulations make it illegal to build town houses, duplexes, apartment buildings, granny flats, and the like – anything other than single-family homes – on around <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/06/18/upshot/cities-across-america-question-single-family-zoning.html">75% of the land zoned for residential use</a>. In some places, this figure rises above 90%.</p>
840. <p>“Some people say, ‘Americans want big houses on large lots,’” Levine said. But “if it were the case that all Americans wanted big houses on large lots and could afford big houses on large lots, would we need single-family zoning? Absolutely not … The very fact that we enact these zoning regulations in such an exclusionary fashion as we do in the United States is evidence that we’re defending against something. And that something is the desire of people – not all people; some people – to live closer in, accepting higher densities, maybe more urban living styles, etc.”</p>
841. <p>Nearly two decades later, this position is no longer controversial among his peers, Levine said. Greater awareness of <a href="https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2022/11/state-local-governments-increasingly-turn-to-zoning-reforms/">the harmful impacts of land-use regulation</a>, as well as soul-searching in the wake of the subprime mortgage crisis, has led to a dramatic shift in opinion.</p>
842. <p>“The [urban] planning profession, the economics profession, and academia are very much focused on the negative effects of zoning that constrain densities to overly low densities,” he said. “They see it as an impediment to the market providing the kinds of things that people want.”</p>
843. <h4 class="wp-block-heading"><span>What do surveys say?</span></h4>
844. <p>As the downsides of sprawl have become increasingly clear in recent decades, advocacy groups have formed to push for alternative forms of development. One of them, the<a href="https://www.nar.realtor/smart-growth"> smart growth program at the National Association of Realtors</a>, a trade association for real estate agents, was created in 2000 after agents noted that although their clients increasingly wanted properties in walkable areas, there weren’t enough available to satisfy the demand.</p>
845. <p><img class="perfmatters-lazy entered pmloaded" title="" src="https://i0.wp.com/yaleclimateconnections.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/null-5.png?w=780&ssl=1" alt="A line drawing shows three different potential forms for walkable neighborhoods, with an array of building heights and spacing. " width="550" data-recalc-dims="1" data-src="https://i0.wp.com/yaleclimateconnections.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/null-5.png?w=780&ssl=1" data-ll-status="loaded" /><em>Walkable communities can come in different forms, offering various housing types and streetscapes. (Image credit: Antonio Huerta)</em></p>
846. <p>“The term ‘smart growth’ came about in the mid-90s, roughly, as a reaction to the 40 or 50 years of sprawl development that we’d had,” said Hugh Morris, who has led the National Association of Realtors program for the past six years. “It became clear that there were some negative consequences to that kind of development.”</p>
847. <p>One of the program’s goals is to provide information about Americans’ real estate preferences to help guide decision-making about development and policy. To this end, Morris has<a href="https://www.nar.realtor/reports/nar-community-and-transportation-preferences-surveys"> surveyed</a> 2,000 people in the nation’s largest 50 metropolitan regions every two years for the past decade to understand which qualities they look for when deciding where to live, asking about factors ranging from home and yard size to highway access, sidewalks, crime, and school quality.</p>
848. <p>The results show that “the desire for walkability has been increasing steadily, really, since 2015, to the point where it exceeds the desire for single-family/drive-only locations to a degree that is beyond the margin of error,” he said. In the 2023 survey, 56% of respondents said that if they were to move, they would accept a smaller yard as a trade-off for a more walkable neighborhood. Asked to choose between a house in a car-dependent area and a town house or apartment offering a shorter commute and walkable shops and restaurants, 53% chose the latter (an 8% increase from 2015).</p>
849. <p>Not all questionnaires examining Americans’ housing preferences have reached the same conclusion, however. In a one-question survey on this topic <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/08/02/majority-of-americans-prefer-a-community-with-big-houses-even-if-local-amenities-are-farther-away/">conducted by Pew Research Center</a> in 2023, 53% of 5,079 respondents drawn from across the nation said they would prefer to live in a community with houses that are larger and farther apart with schools, stores, and restaurants several miles away as opposed to one where homes are smaller and closer together with walkable schools, stores, and restaurants. Pew also conducted the same survey in 2021 and 2019, with similar results.</p>
850. <h4 class="wp-block-heading"><span>High prices indicate high demand</span></h4>
851. <p>Michael Rodriguez, the director of research at Washington, D.C.-based nonprofit <a href="https://smartgrowthamerica.org/">Smart Growth America</a>, believes that asking people to explain their housing preferences in the abstract isn’t the most effective way to gauge demand for business-as-usual suburbia versus walkable alternatives.</p>
852. <p>“Everybody wants a little more space in their house; this is not very surprising,” he said. “It’s always a trade-off between space in your home and a commute and job access and amenity access.”</p>
853. <p>Studying the number of different kinds of housing units sold also provides an imperfect gauge of what Americans want, he said. “People are buying a lot of homes in the suburbs? Well, we don’t build them anything else,” he said.</p>
854. <p>While this statement may be an exaggeration, it highlights a real concern. In <a href="https://smartgrowthamerica.org/resources/foot-traffic-ahead/">a 2023 report</a>, Rodriguez and coauthor Christopher Leinberger wrote that in the nation’s 35 largest metropolitan areas, walkable neighborhoods accounted for only 1.2% of the land, on average, and that only 11.6% of all non-rental housing was located in those neighborhoods.</p>
855. <p>“Drivable suburban housing takes up by far the largest amount of land in those 35 metros, approximately 90%, and the low-density zoning and NIMBY [Not in My Back Yard] opposition has not allowed the market to produce walkable urban product without years of legal and neighborhood battles,” the authors noted.</p>
856. <p><img class="perfmatters-lazy entered pmloaded" title="" src="https://i0.wp.com/yaleclimateconnections.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/null-6.png?w=780&ssl=1" alt="A line drawing shows an aerial view of a suburb with many cul-de-sacs connected by large roads. A small, green area in the center of the image shows a dense, walkable neighborhood. " width="550" data-recalc-dims="1" data-src="https://i0.wp.com/yaleclimateconnections.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/null-6.png?w=780&ssl=1" data-ll-status="loaded" /><em>Walkable neighborhoods account for only a small area of the developed land in the largest American cities. (Image credit: Antonio Huerta)</em></p>
857. <p>If survey responses and home sales don’t clearly tell us where Americans would most like to live, what can? The answer, according to Rodriguez, is money. His 2023 report showed that, across the country, people are willing to spend significantly more to buy homes and rent apartments and commercial spaces in walkable communities compared to car-dependent alternatives. In the 35 regions studied, 2021 home sale prices were an average of 34% higher in walkable areas, while rents for offices and multifamily housing in the same year were 44% and 41% higher, respectively, on average.</p>
858. <p>“That premium for walkable urbanism is a market indicator that tells us a lot of people really want this thing, but there’s not enough of it,” he said.</p>
859. <p>Jonathan Levine, who was not involved with the report, said that he agrees with its general findings.</p>
860. <p>“There’s no good reason why walkable urbanism should cost more than auto-oriented suburbia, especially since walkable neighborhoods use land more efficiently,” he wrote in an email. “But land-use regulations make it unnecessarily hard to build and expand walkable neighborhoods. As a result, the supply of these neighborhoods stays low, and households who prefer walkable neighborhoods are less likely to find (and afford) one that fits their preferences compared to those who prefer auto-oriented neighborhoods. This points to strong demand for walkable neighborhoods that could be met if regulations didn’t make their development so difficult.”</p>
861. <h4 class="wp-block-heading"><span>Density beyond downtown</span></h4>
862. <p>It is possible to make car-centric areas more walkable, however, Rodriguez said, offering his own community of Tysons, Virginia, a suburb of Washington, D.C., as proof.</p>
863. <p>“You see what’s being built and the change that’s happened over the last 10 years – it is night and day.”</p>
864. <p>In recent years, the local government has <a href="https://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/tysons/comprehensive-plan">invested heavily</a> in making the area into what it describes as “a 24-hour urban center where people live, work and play” by 2050. As a result, land that was formerly devoted to parking lots now houses one of the tallest skyscrapers in the region, Rodriguez said, along with a performing arts venue that hosts traveling Broadway shows. “And now we have condos and apartment buildings right off the Metro [subway stop]. There’s a couple new hotels,” he said. “All that increases amenity, walkability, and gives people an option of somewhere to live near the Metro.”</p>
865. &lt;p&gt;This and similar projects demonstrate that it&amp;rsquo;s possible to achieve walkability outside of downtown areas, according to Rodriguez. &amp;ldquo;People want this form of living, and maybe they won&amp;rsquo;t want to be in the city center &amp;ndash; that&amp;rsquo;s OK,&amp;rdquo; he said. &amp;ldquo;Increasingly, there&amp;rsquo;s more demand for it in the other areas where they live, in the, quote, suburbs.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
866. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/americans-urban-sprawl.html</link>
867. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/americans-urban-sprawl.html</guid>
868. <pubDate>Mon, 17 Mar 2025 14:09:26 EST</pubDate>
869. </item>  <item>
870. <title>Climate Fresk - a neat way to make the complexity of climate change less puzzling</title>
871. <description>&lt;p&gt;Up until a few weeks ago, I had never heard of "Climate Fresk" and at a guess, this will also be the case for many of you. I stumbled upon it in the self-service training catalog for employees at the company I work at in Germany where it was announced as a 3-hours workshop called "Klima Puzzle" (Climate Puzzle). Intrigued, I signed up and was one of 7 colleagues to be led through what turned out to be quite an interesting experience. After the workshop, I spend some time browsing the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://climatefresk.org/world/" target="_blank"&gt;Climate Fresk website&lt;/a&gt; and then signed up for a training to become a "Climate Fresker" myself. This allows me to lead people through a Climate Fresk, which I now "only" need to find some time for!&lt;/p&gt;
872. <p><a href="https://climatefresk.org/world/" target="_blank"><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/ClimateFresk-Logo-570px.jpg" alt="ClimateFresk-Logo" width="570" height="190" /></a></p>
873. <h3>The background story</h3>
874. <p>Climate Fresk encourages the rapid and wide-ranging spread of an understanding of climate issues. The efficiency of the teaching tool, the collaborative experience and the user licence have contributed to the exponential growth of Climate Fresk.</p>
875. <p>Since its creation, more then 2 million people have participated in a Climate Fresk in 167 countries and 45 languages. More than 90,000 volunteers have been trained to lead a Climate Fresk themselves.</p>
876. <p>The Climate Fresk game was created by Cédric Ringenbach in 2015 and he has continuously worked on it until it reached its current format. Cédric is an engineer, lecturer and energy transition consultant. A climate change specialist since 2009, he ran The Shift Project between 2010 and 2016. He teaches about energy-climate issues at the “grandes écoles” universities in France (Sup’aéro, Ecoles Centrales, Sciences Po, HEC).</p>
877. <p>The Climate Fresk NGO was created in December 2018 by Cédric Ringenbach in order to accelerate the spread of the tool, to train and upskill Climate Fresk facilitators who are the international community of Freskers. You can <a href="https://climatefresk.org/world/purpose/ngo/" target="_blank">read more about the NGO here</a>.</p>
878. <!--more-->
879. <h3>The science behind Climate Fresk</h3>
880. <p>The purpose of "playing" Climate Fresk is to gain a proper understanding of the causes and effects of human-caused climate change. To help with that, a set of 42 cards is used which the participants need to put in the correct sequence. This happens over 5 rounds with 5 to 7 cards each which need to be placed correctly within the fresk which gets more complex with each round.<br /><br />The facts in Climate Fresk are sourced from the most respected scientific publications: the IPCC reports. These are the same reports that inform global political and economic decision-making at the highest level. Climate Fresk is neutral and objective and presents only established scientific facts.</p>
881. <p><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/ClimateFresk-36_LFC_ATELIER_HD-MaryLouMauricio-570px.jpg" alt="36_LFC_ATELIER_HD ©MaryLou Mauricio pour La Fresque du Climat.jpg" width="570" height="380" /></p>
882. <p><em>A snippet of an overall Climate fresk (Image: <a href="https://www.happymarylou.com" target="_blank">Marylou Mauricio</a>)</em></p>
883. <h3>How it works</h3>
884. <p>A facilitator is there to help the participants along if they get stuck, but mostly keeps in the background while the participate leverage their collective intelligence. The Climate Fresk methodology doesn’t involve an expert presenting information to the group; instead, it requires all participants to take an active role in the building-up of the Fresk, becoming participative learners.</p>
885. <p>As participants link the causes and effects of climate change, they are able to take a step back and understand the systemic nature of the challenges.</p>
886. <p>A Climate Fresk game takes 3 hours and can be played in person or online. An experienced facilitor can work with up to 14 participants split into 2 or 3 groups with 5 to 7 people each. There is an adult version with 42 cards as well as one suitable for children aged 9+ which has fewer and simplified cards.</p>
887. <p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H481FtEZCYU" target="_blank"><img src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/H481FtEZCYU/hqdefault.jpg" data-pre-sourced="yes" data-sourced="yes" id="image1" data-original="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/H481FtEZCYU/hqdefault.jpg" data-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/H481FtEZCYU/hqdefault.jpg" alt="YouTube Video" "="" class="" style="max-width: 580px;"></a></p>
888. <p>The best way to find out what it is and how it works, is to invest 3 hours of your time and sign-up for one of the many online or onsite workshops offered around the globe by Climate Fresk volunteers. <a href="https://climatefresk.org/world/registration-workshop/general-public/" target="_blank">On this page</a>, you can use filters to find a workshop near you or pick an online one in the timezone and language you prefer.</p>
889. &lt;p&gt;Please let us know in the comments if you had heard about Climate Fresk before and also what you think about this concept.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
890. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/climate-fresk-a-puzzle-for-our-times.html</link>
891. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/climate-fresk-a-puzzle-for-our-times.html</guid>
892. <pubDate>Wed, 19 Mar 2025 10:39:42 EST</pubDate>
893. </item>  <item>
894. <title>2025 SkS Weekly Climate Change &amp; Global Warming News Roundup #11</title>
895. <description>&lt;div class="greenbox" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;A listing of 26 news and opinion articles we found interesting and shared on social media during the past week: Sun, March 9, 2025 thru Sat, March 15, 2025.&lt;/div&gt;
896. <p>This week's roundup is again published by category and sorted by number of articles included in each. We are still interested in feedback to hone the categorization, so if you spot any clear misses and/or have suggestions for additional categories, please let us know in the comments. Thanks!</p>
897. <h3>Stories we promoted this week, by category and number of articles shared:</h3>
898. <p><strong>Climate Policy and Politics (10 articles)</strong></p>
899. <ul>
900. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://thebulletin.org/2025/03/were-losing-our-environmental-history-the-future-of-government-information-under-trump/">`We`re losing our environmental history`: The future of government information under Trump</a></strong> <em> The administration’s wrecking-ball approach has raised profound questions about the integrity and future of vast amounts of information.</em> by Jessica McKenzie, Buelltin of the Atomic Scientists, Mar 05, 2025</li>
901. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/08/science/march-for-science-trump-protest.html">Science, Politics and Anxiety Mix at Rally Under Lincoln Memorial</a></strong> <em> Thousands of protesters gathered in Washington for Stand Up for Science, a rally in response to President Trump’s federal-funding and job cuts</em> by Alan Burdick, Climate, New York Times, Mar 8, 2025</li>
902. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.commondreams.org/news/chris-wright-trump">Energy Secretary Makes Clear Trump 'Ready to Sacrifice' Communities and Climate</a></strong> <em> "As Wright speaks to industry insiders, members of impacted communities, faith leaders, youth, and others are assembling for a 'March for Future Generations,'" one campaigner said of the action at CERAWeek.</em> by Jessica Corbett , Common Dreams, Mar 10, 2025</li>
903. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://phys.org/news/2025-03-nasa-chief-scientist-trump.html">NASA fires chief scientist, more Trump cuts to come</a></strong> <em> </em> by AFP, Phys.org, Mar 12, 2025</li>
904. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/trump-epa-climate-funding-lee-zeldin-b2713994.html">EPA considers pulling scientific study that shaped modern climate policy</a></strong> <em> The 2009 scientific finding says carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions threaten public health</em> by Julia Musto, The Independent News, Mar 12, 2025</li>
905. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/mar/12/trump-fossil-fuels-oil-and-gas">Trump’s ‘drill, baby, drill’ agenda could keep the world hooked on oil and gas</a></strong> <em> The US president is making energy deals with Japan and Ukraine, and in Africa has even touted resurrecting coal</em> by Oliver Milman & Dharna Noor, US News, The Guardian, Mar 12, 2025</li>
906. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2025/03/we-need-noaa-now-more-than-ever/?utm_source=rss">We need NOAA now more than ever</a></strong> <em> </em> by Guest authors: Robert Hart, Kerry Emanuel, & Lance Bosart, RealClimate, Mar 13, 2025</li>
907. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/13032025/epa-freezes-terminates-climate-grants-triggering-lawsuits/">EPA Freezes, Then Terminates, Multi-Billion Dollar Climate Grants, Scuttling Projects and Triggering Lawsuits</a></strong> <em> The lawsuits could take months, if not years, to resolve, experts say, leaving green banks, clean energy startups and low-income communities in financial limbo.</em> by Aman Azhar, Justice & Health, Inside Climate News, Mar 13, 2025</li>
908. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2025/03/14/trump-cancels-greenhouse-gas-laboratory-lease/">Trump moves to close facility that helps track planet-warming pollution</a></strong> <em> The lab is connected to the Mauna Loa Observatory, where scientists gather data to produce the Keeling Curve, a chart on the daily status of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.</em> by Scott Dance, Washington Post, Mar 14, 2025</li>
909. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.vox.com/climate/403877/epa-climate-rollback-endangement-trump-environment">A foundational climate regulation is under threat </a></strong> <em> Trump’s EPA claims that climate change isn’t a danger to human beings</em> by Umair Irfan , Climate, Vox, Mar 04, 2025</li>
910. </ul>
911. <!--more-->
912. <p><strong>Climate Change Impacts (8 articles)</strong></p>
913. <ul>
914. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://climate.copernicus.eu/february-2025-record-low-global-sea-ice-cover">February 2025: record low global sea ice cover</a></strong> <em> The global sea ice extent reached a new all-time minimum for February according to the latest monthly update of the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S). Arctic sea ice saw its lowest monthly extent for February at 8% below average and the Antarctic sea ice was 26% below average and the fourth-lowest sea ice extent on the dataset*, going back to 1978. Globally, February 2025 was the third warmest February on record after February 2024 and February 2016.</em> by Staff, Monthly Climate Bulletin, Copernicus Climate Change Service , Mar6, 2025</li>
915. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/mar/09/asheville-trees-hurricane-helene-north-carolina">Tree loss from hurricane leaves Asheville vulnerable to new climate shocks</a></strong> <em> Damage to trees in western North Carolina from Hurricane Helene was ‘extraordinary and humbling’ but urban areas face particular problems</em> by Nina Lakhani with photos by Thalia Juarez, US News, Mar 9, 2025</li>
916. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/earth-study-mit-british-antarctic-survey-nasa-b2712349.html">Study says climate change will even make Earth's orbit a mess</a></strong> <em> A new study finds that climate change is already causing all sorts of problems on Earth, but soon it will be making a mess in orbit around the planet too</em> by Seth Borenstein, The Independent News, Mar 10, 2025</li>
917. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/factcheck-climate-change-is-not-making-extreme-cold-more-common/">Factcheck: Climate change is not making extreme cold more common</a></strong> <em> </em> by Zeke Hausfather, Fact Checks, Carbon Brief, Mar 10, 2025</li>
918. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/mar/12/global-weirding-climate-whiplash-hitting-worlds-biggest-cities-study-reveals"> ‘Global weirding’: climate whiplash hitting world’s biggest cities, study reveals</a></strong> <em> Swings between drought and floods striking from Dallas to Shanghai, while Madrid and Cairo are among cities whose climate has flipped</em> by Damian Carrington, Environment, The Guardian, Mar 11, 2025</li>
919. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2025/03/12/climate/arctic-sea-ice-heat-downward-spiral/index.html">The Arctic is in trouble. The consequences will be felt around the world</a></strong> <em> </em> by Laura Paddison, Climate, CNN, Mar 12, 2025</li>
920. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2025/03/february-2025-earths-3rd-warmest-february-on-record/">February 2025: Earth’s 3rd-warmest February on record</a></strong> <em> The El Niño-influenced temperature surge of 2023-24 may be abating, but temperatures are still significantly higher than any year prior to the mid-2010s.</em> by Jeff Masters, Eye on the Storm, Yale Climate Connections, Mar 12, 2025</li>
921. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/space/climate-change-earth-orbit-space-junk-nasa-b2714233.html">Climate change is wreaking havoc on Earth. Soon it will mess up its orbit</a></strong> <em> Global warming’s effects are even stretching into space</em> by Seth Borenstein, AP News/The Independent , Mar 13, 2025</li>
922. </ul>
923. <p><strong>Public Misunderstandings about Climate Science (4 articles)</strong></p>
924. <ul>
925. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/mar/10/chris-wright-climate-fossil-fuels">What the world needs now is more fossil fuels, says Trump`s energy secretary</a></strong> <em> Chris Wright signals abandonment of Biden’s ‘irrational, quasi-religious’ climate policies at industry conference </em> by Dharna Noor, The Guardian, Mar 10, 2025</li>
926. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.desmog.com/2025/03/13/heartland-institute-uk-chief-lois-perry-influencing-trump-policy-at-the-highest-level/">Heartland Institute UK Chief: Group Is Influencing Trump Policy `at the Highest Level`</a></strong> <em> The climate science denial group, which has been trying to make inroads into Europe, claims it has “strong” ties to “big individuals” in the U.S. administration.</em> by Sam Bright, DeSmog, Mar 13, 2025</li>
927. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/14032025/american-beef-industry-knew-climate-impact-decades-ago/">The American Beef Industry Understood Its Climate Impact Decades Ago</a></strong> <em> New research finds the industry’s campaigns to confuse the public about beef’s climate impact go back longer than previously recognized.</em> by Georgina Gustin, Inside Climate News, Mar 14, 2025</li>
928. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/fact-brief-waste.html">Is waste heat from industrial activity the reason the planet is warming?</a></strong> <em> </em> by Sue Bin Park, Skeptical Science, Mar 15, 2025</li>
929. </ul>
930. <p><strong>Public Misunderstandings about Climate Solutions (1 article)</strong></p>
931. <ul>
932. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://sks.to/windwildlife">Are wind turbines a major threat to wildlife?</a></strong> <em> Sabin Rebuttal #19 answers the question "Are wind turbines a major threat to wildlife?"</em> by Sabin Center Team, Skeptical Science, Mar 11, 2025</li>
933. </ul>
934. <p><strong>International Climate Conferences and Agreements (1 arcticle)</strong></p>
935. <ul>
936. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/mar/07/us-exits-fund-that-compensates-poorer-countries-for-global-heating">US exits fund that compensates poorer countries for global heating</a></strong> <em> Trump pulls out of Cop28 loss and damage deal that recognises harms done by richer, polluting economies to vulnerable nations</em> by Nina Lakhani , US News, The Guardian, Mar 7, 2025</li>
937. </ul>
938. <p><strong>Health Aspects of Climate Change (1 arcticle)</strong></p>
939. <ul>
940. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/newsroom/news/climate-change-impacts-leading-to-increased-exposure-to-harmful-toxins">Climate change impacts leading to increased exposure to harmful toxins</a></strong> <em> </em> by Press Release, European Environment Agency, Mar 10, 2025</li>
941. </ul>
942. <p><strong>Miscellaneous (Other) (1 article)</strong></p>
943. <ul>
944. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/2025-SkS-Weekly-News-Roundup_10.html">2025 SkS Weekly Climate Change & Global Warming News Roundup #10</a></strong> <em> A listing of 32 news and opinion articles we found interesting and shared on social media during the past week: Sun, March 2, 2025 thru Sat, March 8, 2025.</em> by Bärbel Winkler, Doug Bostrom & John Hartz, Skeptical Science, Mar 09, 2025</li>
945. </ul>
946. &lt;div class="bluebox"&gt;If you happen upon high quality climate-science and/or climate-myth busting articles from reliable sources while surfing the web, please feel free to submit them via&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://sks.to/FB-posts-form" target="_blank"&gt;this Google form&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; so that we may share them widely. Thanks!&lt;/div&gt;</description>
947. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/2025-SkS-Weekly-News-Roundup_11.html</link>
948. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/2025-SkS-Weekly-News-Roundup_11.html</guid>
949. <pubDate>Sun, 16 Mar 2025 10:04:26 EST</pubDate>
950. </item>  <item>
951. <title>Fact brief - Is waste heat from industrial activity the reason the planet is warming?</title>
952. <description>&lt;p class="bluebox"&gt;&lt;img class="figureleft" src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/Gigafact-Fact-Brief-Banner-250px.jpg" alt="FactBrief" width="248" height="44" /&gt;Skeptical Science is partnering with&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://gigafact.org/" target="_blank"&gt;Gigafact&lt;/a&gt; to produce fact briefs &amp;mdash; bite-sized fact checks of trending claims. You can submit claims you think need checking via &lt;a href="https://gigafact.org/tipline?org_id=1813" target="_blank"&gt;the tipline&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
953. <h3>Is waste heat from industrial activity the reason the planet is warming?</h3>
954. <p><img class="figureleft zoomable" src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/Gigafact-Fact-Brief-No-200px.jpg" alt="No" width="200" height="59" />Waste heat’s contribution to global warming is a small fraction of that brought about by carbon dioxide.</p>
955. <p>Waste heat comes from the thermal energy released by human energy use, such as when power plants burn coal or combustion engines burn gasoline.</p>
956. <p>Dividing the total amount of waste heat by Earth’s surface area, Flanner found about 0.03 Watts per square meter of total warming was from waste heat, about 1%. Carbon dioxide’s greenhouse gas effect added 2.9 Watts per square meter.</p>
957. <p>Zhang and Caldeira published in 2015 that 1.71% of warming was from the direct heat energy released by fossil fuel combustion, the main source of waste heat.</p>
958. <p>Carbon dioxide, which makes it more difficult for heat to escape the atmosphere, is the primary driver of climate change. While reducing waste heat is beneficial for efficiency, addressing global warming requires lowering greenhouse gas emissions.</p>
959. <p><a href="https://sks.to/waste" target="_blank">Go to full rebuttal on Skeptical Science</a> or <a href="https://gigafact.org/fact-briefs/is-waste-heat-from-industrial-activity-the-reason-the-planet-is-warming/" target="_blank">to the fact brief on Gigafact</a></p>
960. <hr />
961. <p>This fact brief is responsive to quotes such as <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100129063148/http:/www.climateimc.org/en/forum/2009/11/16/nuclear-power-and-ghlobal-warming#:~:text=Global%20warmingis%20mostly%20due%20to%20heat%20production%20by%20human%20industry%20since%20the%201800s%2Cfrom%20nuclear%20power%20and%20fossil%20fuels%2C%20better%20termed%20hydrocarbons%2C%20%E2%80%93coal%2C%20oil%2C%20natural%20gas.%20Greenhouse%20gases%20such%20as%20carbon%20dioxide%20(CO2play%20a%20minor%20role%20even%20though%20they%20are%20widely%20claimed%20the%20cause" target="_blank">the one highlighted here</a>.</p>
962. <hr />
963. <p><strong>Sources</strong></p>
964. <p>Geophysical Research Letters <a href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015GL063514" target="_blank">Time scales and ratios of climate forcing due to thermal versus carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels</a></p>
965. <p>Atmospheric Environment <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231016309232" target="_blank">Global anthropogenic heat flux database with high spatial resolution</a></p>
966. <p>Geophysical Research Letters <a href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2008GL036465" target="_blank">Integrating anthropogenic heat flux with global climate models</a></p>
967. <p>NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research <a href="https://www.cgd.ucar.edu/projects/ahf" target="_blank">Anthropogenic Heat Flux</a></p>
968. <p>Scientific Data <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-021-00850-w" target="_blank">Global 1-km present and future hourly anthropogenic heat flux</a></p>
969. <!--more-->
970. <p><strong>About fact briefs published on Gigafact</strong><br /><br />Fact briefs are short, credibly sourced summaries that offer “yes/no” answers in response to claims found online. They rely on publicly available, often primary source data and documents. Fact briefs are created by contributors to <a rel="noreferrer" href="https://gigafact.org/" target="_blank">Gigafact</a> — a nonprofit project looking to expand participation in fact-checking and protect the democratic process. <a href="https://gigafact.org/skeptical-science" target="_blank">See all of our published fact briefs here</a>.</p>
971. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://gigafact.org/fact-brief-quiz/skeptical-science" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/Gigafact-Quiz-Image-570px.jpg" alt="Gigafact Quiz" width="570" height="321" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
972. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/fact-brief-waste.html</link>
973. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/fact-brief-waste.html</guid>
974. <pubDate>Sat, 15 Mar 2025 10:07:03 EST</pubDate>
975. </item>  <item>
976. <title>Skeptical Science New Research for Week #11 2025</title>
977. <description>&lt;h3&gt;Open access notables&lt;img class="figureright zoomable" src="https://skepticalscience.com//pics/SkS_weekly_research_small.jpg" alt="" width="250" height="139" /&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
978. <p><strong><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024av001430" target="_blank">Would Adding the Anthropocene to the Geologic Time Scale Matter?</a></strong>, McCarthy et al., <em>AGU Advances:</em></p>
979. <blockquote>
980. <p><em>The extraordinary fossil fuel-driven outburst of consumption and production since the mid-twentieth century has fundamentally altered the way the Earth System works. Although humans have impacted their environment for millennia, justification for a new interval of geologic time lies in the radical shift in the geologic record that marks this “Great Acceleration” of the human enterprise. The rejection of a proposal to define the beginning of the Anthropocene epoch with a “golden spike” in varved sediments from Crawford Lake, Canada, means that we officially we still live in the Holocene, when in practical terms we do not. Formal recognition of the Anthropocene will acknowledge the facts supporting global warming and many other planetary changes that are irreversible on geologic time scales, aligning the Earth Sciences with geologic, planetary and societal reality.</em></p>
981. </blockquote>
982. <p><strong><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57450-0" target="_blank">How to stop being surprised by unprecedented weather</a></strong>, Kelder et al., <em>Nature Communications:</em></p>
983. <blockquote>
984. <p><em>We see unprecedented weather causing widespread impacts across the world. In this perspective, we provide an overview of methods that help anticipate unprecedented weather hazards that can contribute to stop being surprised. We then discuss disaster management and climate adaptation practices, their gaps, and how the methods to anticipate unprecedented weather may help build resilience. We stimulate thinking about transformative adaptation as a foundation for long-term resilience to unprecedented weather, supported by incremental adaptation through upgrading existing infrastructure, and reactive adaptation through short-term early action and disaster response. Because in the end, we should take responsibility to build resilience rather than being surprised by unprecedented weather.</em></p>
985. </blockquote>
986. <p><strong><a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0297.1" target="_blank">Storylines of Unprecedented Extremes in the Southeast United States</a></strong><span>, Masukwedza et al., </span><em>Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society:</em></p>
987. <blockquote>
988. <p><em>Disaster planning based on historical events is like driving forward while only looking in the rearview mirror. To expand our field of view, we use a large ensemble of weather simulations to characterize the current risk of extreme weather events in case study locations in the southeastern United States. We find that extreme temperature events have become more frequent between 1981 and 2021, and heavy precipitation events are also more frequent in the wettest months. Combining a historical analysis of people’s recent experience with the rate of change of extreme events, we define four quadrants that apply to groups of case studies: “sitting ducks,” “recent rarity,” “living memory,” and “fading memory.” A critical storyline is that of the sitting ducks: locations where we find a high rate of increase in extreme events and where the most extreme event in recent memory (1981–2021) has a low return period in today’s climate. We find that these locations have a high potential for surprise. For example, in Montgomery County, Alabama, the most extreme temperature event since 1981 has a return period of 13 years in the climate of 2021. In these places, we offer unprecedented synthetic events from the large ensemble for use in disaster preparedness simulations to help people imagine the unprecedented. Our results not only document substantial changes in the risk of extremes in the southeastern United States but also propose a generalizable framework for using large ensembles in disaster preparedness simulations in a changing climate.</em></p>
989. </blockquote>
990. <p><span><strong><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112237" target="_blank">Changes to Atmospheric River Related Extremes Over the United States West Coast Under <span id="skstip218" class="skstip beginner disabled">Anthropogenic</span> Warming</a></strong><span>, Higgins et al., </span><em>Geophysical Research Letters:</em></span></p>
991. <blockquote>
992. <p><em>Despite advances in our understanding of changes to severe weather events due to climate change, uncertainty regarding rare extreme events persists. Atmospheric rivers (ARs), which are directly responsible for the majority of precipitation extremes on the US West Coast, are projected to intensify in a warming world. In this study, we utilize two unique large-ensemble climate models to examine rare extreme AR events under various warming scenarios. By quantifying changes to rare extremes, we can gain some insight into the potential for these destructive unprecedented events to occur in the future. Additionally, the abundance of data used in this study enables changes to both seasonal extreme AR occurrences and changes to extremes during various synoptic-scale flow patterns to be explored. From this analysis, we find substantial changes to AR extremes under even mild warming scenarios with disproportionately large changes during weather regimes that are conducive to AR activity.</em></p>
993. </blockquote>
994. <p><span><span><strong><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02171-x" target="_blank">One-third of the global soybean production failure in 2012 is attributable to <span id="skstip204" class="skstip beginner disabled">climate change</span></a></strong><span>, Hamed et al., </span><em>Communications Earth & Environment:</em></span></span></p>
995. <blockquote>
996. <p><em>In 2012, soybean crops failed in the three largest producing regions due to spatially compounded hot and dry weather across North and South America. Here, we present different impact storylines of the 2012 event, calculated by combining a statistical crop model with climate model simulations of 2012 conditions under pre-industrial, present-day (+1 °C), and future (+2 °C) conditions. These simulations use the ECHAM6 climate model and maintain the same observed seasonally evolving atmospheric circulation. Our results demonstrate that anthropogenic warming strongly amplifies the impacts of such a large-scale circulation pattern on global soybean production. Although the drought intensity is similar under different warming levels, larger crop losses are driven not only by warmer temperatures but also by stronger heat-moisture interactions. We estimate that one-third of the global soybean production deficit in 2012 is attributable to anthropogenic climate change. Future warming (+2 °C above pre-industrial) would further exacerbate production deficits by one-half compared to present-day 2012 conditions. This highlights the increasing intensity of global soybean production shocks with warming, requiring urgent adaptation strategies.</em></p>
997. </blockquote>
998. <p><span><span><strong><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005435" target="_blank">Climate-Driven Sea Level Rise Exacerbates Alaskan and Cascadian Tsunami Hazards in Southern California: Implications to Design Parameters</a></strong>, Sepúlveda & Mosqueda, <em>Earth's Future:</em></span></span></p>
999. <blockquote>
1000. <p><em>Climate-change-driven sea level rise is expected to worsen tsunami hazards in the long term. Tsunami waves will be able to propagate over rising sea levels that will enable them to inundate higher land. In this study, we quantify the increase of tsunami hazards in Southern California due to sea level rise. We consider tsunamis originated in the Alaska and Cascadia subduction zones. Changes of tsunami design parameters, as a result of the sea level rise, are also analyzed. Namely, we analyze the changes of the “maximum considered tsunami” (MCT) elevation, defined as the elevation exceeded with probability 2% in 50 years. We find that earthquakes of the Alaska Subduction Zone constitute the main tsunamigenic contributor. We also find that sea level rise increases MCT tsunami elevations by 0.3 m. With this increase, MCT levels reach 2 m in San Pedro Bay and San Diego. We compare the impact of sea level rise exacerbating tsunami hazards with the impact of common uncertainty sources of tsunami hazard assessment models. The uncertainty of earthquake models, for example, can produce differences in MCT levels that are comparable to the SLR influence.</em></p>
1001. </blockquote>
1002. <p><strong><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-025-01512-0" target="_blank"><span id="skstip26" class="skstip intermediate disabled">Greenhouse gas</span>es reduce the satellite carrying capacity of low Earth orbit</a></strong><span>, Parker et al., </span><em>Nature Sustainability:</em></p>
1003. <blockquote>
1004. <p><em><span>Anthropogenic contributions of greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere have been observed to cause cooling and contraction in the thermosphere, which is projected to continue for many decades. This contraction results in a secular reduction in atmospheric mass density where most satellites operate in low Earth orbit. Decreasing density reduces drag on debris objects and extends their lifetime in orbit, posing a persistent collision hazard to other satellites and risking the cascading generation of more debris. This work uses projected CO</span><span>2</span><span> emissions from the shared socio-economic pathways to investigate the impact of greenhouse gas emissions on the satellite carrying capacity of low Earth orbit. The instantaneous Kessler capacity is introduced to compute the maximum number and optimal distribution of characteristic satellites that keep debris populations in stable equilibrium. Modelled CO</span><span>2</span><span> emissions scenarios from years 2000–2100 indicate a potential 50–66% reduction in satellite carrying capacity between the altitudes of 200 and 1,000 km. Considering the recent, rapid expansion in the number of satellites in low Earth orbit, understanding environmental variability and its impact on sustainable operations is necessary to prevent over-exploitation of the region.</span></em></p>
1005. </blockquote>
1006. <h3>From this week's government/NGO <a href="#gov-ngo">section</a>:</h3>
1007. <p><strong><a href="https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/WWA-scientific-report-South-Sudan-heatwave.pdf" target="_blank">Women and girls continue to bear disproportionate impacts of heatwaves in South Sudan that have become a constant threat</a>, </strong>Kew et al., <strong>World Weather Attribution</strong></p>
1008. <blockquote>Extreme heat has affected a large region of continental eastern Africa since mid-February. Extreme daytime temperatures have been recorded in South Sudan particularly affecting people in poor housing and outdoor workers, a very large part of the population. Scientists from Burkina Faso, Kenya, Uganda, the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Denmark, Sweden, Mexico, Chile, the United States, and the United Kingdom collaborated to assess to what extent human-induced climate change altered the likelihood and intensity of the extreme heat in the region and to what extent the impacts particularly affected women and girls. When combining the observation-based analysis with climate models, to quantify the role of climate change in this 7-day heat event, the authors find that climate models underestimate the increase in heat found in observations. They can thus only give a conservative estimate of the influence of human-induced climate change. Based on the combined analysis they conclude that climate change made the extreme heat at least 2C hotter and at least 10 times more likely.</blockquote>
1009. <p><strong><a href="https://pacinst.org/the-growing-threat-of-catastrophic-flooding-in-rural-america/" target="_blank">The Growing Threat of Catastrophic Flooding in Rural America</a>, </strong>Rebecca Anderson and Shannon McNeeley, <strong>The Pacific Institute</strong></p>
1010. <blockquote>The frequency and severity of catastrophic flooding events are rising throughout the U.S. and many rural communities are at high risk. Climate change is driving more intense and frequent extreme precipitation events, increasing the likelihood of catastrophic flooding across the U.S. in the future. Rural communities face unique challenges in preparing for and recovering from catastrophic flooding, shaped by factors like geography, social vulnerabilities, and limited resources. Leveraging the extant strengths and assets of rural communities is essential for building resilience and effectively preparing for catastrophic flooding.</blockquote>
1011. <h3>170 articles in 66 journals by 1274 contributing authors</h3>
1012. <p><strong>Physical science of climate change, effects</strong></p>
1013. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104769" target="_blank">A half-century drying in Gobi Oasis, possible role of ENSO and warming/moistening of Northwest China</a>, Li et al., <em>Global and Planetary Change</em> 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104769</p>
1014. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02059-w" target="_blank">Arctic sea-ice loss drives a strong regional atmospheric response over the North Pacific and North Atlantic on decadal scales</a>, Cvijanovic et al., <em>Communications Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s43247-025-02059-w</p>
1015. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113405" target="_blank">Climate-Induced Polar Motion: 1900–2100</a>, Kiani Shahvandi & Soja, <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113405" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024gl113405</p>
1016. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jc021178" target="_blank">Distinct Impacts of Increased Atlantic and Pacific Ocean Heat Transport on Arctic Ocean Warming and Sea Ice Decline</a>, Cheng et al., <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jc021178" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024jc021178</p>
1017. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-24-0079.1" target="_blank">Energy Gain Kernel for Climate Feedbacks. Part II: Spatial Pattern of Surface Amplification Factor and Its Dependency on Climate Mean State</a>, Hu et al., <em>Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences</em> 10.1175/jas-d-24-0079.1</p>
1018. <!--more-->
1019. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-025-01512-0" target="_blank">Greenhouse gases reduce the satellite carrying capacity of low Earth orbit</a>, Parker et al., <em>Nature Sustainability</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41893-025-01512-0</p>
1020. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-23-0170.1" target="_blank">On the Spreading of Glacial Meltwater in the Western North Atlantic. Part I: Role of Dynamical Instabilities</a>, Marchal & Condron, <em>Journal of Physical Oceanography</em> 10.1175/jpo-d-23-0170.1</p>
1021. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Observations of climate change, effects</strong></p>
1022. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jd042128" target="_blank">Causality in the Winter Interaction Between Extratropical Storm Tracks, Atmospheric Circulation, and Arctic Sea Ice Loss</a>, Mousavizadeh et al., <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jd042128" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024jd042128</p>
1023. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8802" target="_blank">Climate Change Impact on Extreme Temperatures and Heat Waves in Armenia</a>, Gevorgyan et al., <em>International Journal of Climatology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8802" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1002/joc.8802</p>
1024. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8818" target="_blank">Climatology and Trends of Various Oceanic and Atmospheric Parameters in the Arabian Sea Over the Last 45 Years</a>, Anusree et al., <em>International Journal of Climatology</em> 10.1002/joc.8818</p>
1025. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-24-0177.1" target="_blank">Cold-Season Precipitation Trend in Subtropical East Asia Tied to Shifting Westerlies: Role of Tibetan Plateau</a>, He, <em>Journal of Climate</em> 10.1175/jcli-d-24-0177.1</p>
1026. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8828" target="_blank">Differences in Temperature Variation Between Winter and Summer Across China in Recent Decades</a>, Shi & Wu, <em>International Journal of Climatology</em> 10.1002/joc.8828</p>
1027. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl114492" target="_blank">Increased Atmospheric Aridity and Reduced Precipitation Drive the 2023 Extreme Wildfire Season in Canada</a>, Lai & Zhang, <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl114492" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024gl114492</p>
1028. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57161-6" target="_blank">Increasing soil nitrous acid emissions driven by climate and fertilization change aggravate global ozone pollution</a>, Wang et al., <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41467-025-57161-6</p>
1029. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jc022017" target="_blank">Observed Warming and Weakening of the Philippine Sea Deep Circulation Over the Past Decade</a>, Xu et al., <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</em> 10.1029/2024jc022017</p>
1030. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02171-x" target="_blank">One-third of the global soybean production failure in 2012 is attributable to climate change</a>, Hamed et al., <em>Communications Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s43247-025-02171-x</p>
1031. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08674-z" target="_blank">Record sea surface temperature jump in 2023–2024 unlikely but not unexpected</a>, Terhaar et al., <em>Nature</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41586-025-08674-z</p>
1032. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1369-2025" target="_blank">Shifts in organic matter character and microbial assemblages from glacial headwaters to downstream reaches in the Canadian Rocky Mountains</a>, Drapeau et al., <em>Biogeosciences</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/bg" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/bg-22-1369-2025</p>
1033. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691187440" target="_blank">Temperature rising</a>, Philander, <em></em> <a style="color: green;" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1515/9780691187440</p>
1034. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-24-0234.1" target="_blank">The Changing Nature of Atmospheric Rivers</a>, Henny & Kim Bogatyrev , <em>Journal of Climate</em> <a style="color: green;" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1175/jcli-d-24-0234.1</p>
1035. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Instrumentation & observational methods of climate change, effects</strong></p>
1036. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl115032" target="_blank">Comprehensive Evidence That Detecting Urban Signals in Large-Scale Warming Is Highly Uncertain</a>, Shen et al., <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl115032" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2025gl115032</p>
1037. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8755" target="_blank">The Examination of an Improved Analogue Method for Gridded Temperature Variation Reconstruction</a>, Zhang et al., <em>International Journal of Climatology</em> 10.1002/joc.8755</p>
1038. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024av001465" target="_blank">The Need for Better Monitoring of Climate Change in the Middle and Upper Atmosphere</a>, Añel et al., <em>AGU Advances</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024av001465" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024av001465</p>
1039. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2025.114696" target="_blank">Unveiling coastal change across the Arctic with full Landsat collections and data fusion</a>, Nylén et al., <em>Remote Sensing of Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2025.114696" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.rse.2025.114696</p>
1040. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Modeling, simulation & projection of climate change, effects</strong></p>
1041. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.01.005" target="_blank">Calibrating the simulated summer precipitation trend over the southern slope of the Tibetan Plateau in CMIP6 models using a sub-selection method</a>, Luo et al., <em>Advances in Climate Change Research</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.01.005" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.accre.2025.01.005</p>
1042. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jd042123" target="_blank">Future MJO Change and Its Impact on Extreme Precipitation and Temperature Over the Western US in CMIP6</a>, Wang et al., <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jd042123" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024jd042123</p>
1043. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70126" target="_blank">Global Greening Major Contributed by Climate Change With More Than Two Times Rate Against the History Period During the 21th Century</a>, Zhang et al., <em>Global Change Biology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70126" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1111/gcb.70126</p>
1044. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adr6413" target="_blank">Lessened projections of Arctic warming and wetting after correcting for model errors in global warming and sea ice cover</a>, Cai et al., <em>Science Advances</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adr6413" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1126/sciadv.adr6413</p>
1045. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8824" target="_blank">Projections on Regional Climate and Compound Events in East Asia Based on QDM-Corrected Multiple High-Resolution CORDEX Simulations</a>, Chen et al., <em>International Journal of Climatology</em> 10.1002/joc.8824</p>
1046. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.1295" target="_blank">Sensitivity of European blocking to physical parameters in a large ensemble climate model experiment</a>, Woollings et al., <em>Atmospheric Science Letters</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.1295" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1002/asl.1295</p>
1047. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112581" target="_blank">Substantial Contraction of Dense Shelf Water in the Ross Sea Under Future Climate Scenarios</a>, Xie et al., <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112581" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024gl112581</p>
1048. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8807" target="_blank">The Projection of Extreme Heat and Precipitation Events in China Response to Global Warming Under the SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 Scenarios</a>, Wang et al., <em>International Journal of Climatology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8807" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1002/joc.8807</p>
1049. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Advancement of climate & climate effects modeling, simulation & projection</strong></p>
1050. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4401-2024" target="_blank">An improved and extended parameterization of the CO2 15 µm cooling in the middle and upper atmosphere (CO2&cool&fort-1.0)</a>, López-Puertas et al., <em>Geoscientific Model Development</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/gmd-17-4401-2024</p>
1051. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adt8035" target="_blank">Confronting Earth System Model trends with observations</a>, Simpson et al., <em>Science Advances</em> 10.1126/sciadv.adt8035</p>
1052. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4922" target="_blank">Impact of ocean data assimilation on the sub-polar North Atlantic in MPI-ESM</a>, Brune & Koul, <em>Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4922" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1002/qj.4922</p>
1053. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jd042580" target="_blank">Toward Dynamical Annual to Decadal Climate Prediction Using the IAP-CAS Model</a>, Tang et al., <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</em> 10.1029/2024jd042580</p>
1054. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Cryosphere & climate change</strong></p>
1055. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-23" target="_blank">A comparison of supraglacial meltwater features throughout contrasting melt seasons: southwest Greenland</a>, Glen et al., <em></em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/tc" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/egusphere-2024-23</p>
1056. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02120-8" target="_blank">Active ice sheet conservation cannot stop the retreat of Sermeq Kujalleq glacier, Greenland</a>, Zhao et al., <em>Communications Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s43247-025-02120-8</p>
1057. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2023jc020506" target="_blank">Basal Melting and Oceanic Observations Beneath Central Fimbulisen, East Antarctica</a>, Lindbäck et al., <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2023jc020506" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2023jc020506</p>
1058. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.02.005" target="_blank">Evolution of supraglacial lakes over the pan-Antarctic ice sheet between 2014 and 2022: Assessment and the control factors</a>, Shen et al., <em>Advances in Climate Change Research</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.02.005" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.accre.2025.02.005</p>
1059. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl111492" target="_blank">Hysteresis of the Antarctic Ice Sheet With a Coupled Climate-Ice-Sheet Model</a>, Leloup et al., <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl111492" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024gl111492</p>
1060. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-997-2025" target="_blank">Mapping subsea permafrost around Tuktoyaktuk Island (Northwest Territories, Canada) using electrical resistivity tomography</a>, Erkens et al., <em>The Cryosphere</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/tc" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/tc-19-997-2025</p>
1061. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.02.008" target="_blank">Projection of sea ice conditions in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago based on CMIP6 assessments</a>, Liang et al., <em>Advances in Climate Change Research</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.02.008" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.accre.2025.02.008</p>
1062. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02127-1" target="_blank">Rare ice-base temperature measurements in Antarctica reveal a cold base in contrast with predictions</a>, Talalay et al., <em>Communications Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s43247-025-02127-1</p>
1063. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.02.010" target="_blank">The freezing?thawing index and permafrost extent in pan-Arctic experienced rapid changes following the global warming hiatus</a>, Guo et al., <em>Advances in Climate Change Research</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.02.010" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.accre.2025.02.010</p>
1064. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57417-1" target="_blank">The influence of subglacial lake discharge on Thwaites Glacier ice-shelf melting and grounding-line retreat</a>, Gourmelen et al., <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41467-025-57417-1</p>
1065. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.03.001" target="_blank">Understanding water flowpaths and origins in an Arctic Alaskan basin: Implications for permafrost hydrology under global warming</a>, JUNG et al., <em>Advances in Climate Change Research</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.03.001" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.accre.2025.03.001</p>
1066. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01652-0" target="_blank">Winter subglacial meltwater detected in a Greenland fjord</a>, Hansen et al., <em>Nature Geoscience</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41561-025-01652-0</p>
1067. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Sea level & climate change</strong></p>
1068. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jc021785" target="_blank">Asymmetric Changes of the Subtropical Gyre Circulation and Associated Sea Level Over 1960–2018 in the Pacific Ocean</a>, Huang et al., <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</em> 10.1029/2024jc021785</p>
1069. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2023ef004149" target="_blank">Can Restoring Tidal Wetlands Reduce Estuarine Nuisance Flooding of Coasts Under Future Sea-Level Rise?</a>, Brand et al., <em>Earth's Future</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2023ef004149" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2023ef004149</p>
1070. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005435" target="_blank">Climate-Driven Sea Level Rise Exacerbates Alaskan and Cascadian Tsunami Hazards in Southern California: Implications to Design Parameters</a>, Sepúlveda & Mosqueda, <em>Earth's Future</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005435" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024ef005435</p>
1071. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-24-0214.1" target="_blank">Evaluating Current Statistical and Dynamical Forecasting Techniques for Seasonal Coastal Sea Level Prediction</a>, Long et al., <em>Journal of Climate</em> 10.1175/jcli-d-24-0214.1</p>
1072. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jc021000" target="_blank">Evaluation of the Budget of Local Sea Level Trends Along the Coast of Canada and Northern USA During 1958–2015</a>, Zhai et al., <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jc021000" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024jc021000</p>
1073. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Paleoclimate & paleogeochemistry</strong></p>
1074. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl111798" target="_blank">Arctic Warming Suppressed by Remnant Glacial Ice Sheets in Past Interglacials</a>, Hirose et al., <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl111798" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024gl111798</p>
1075. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2025pa005101" target="_blank">Introduction to a Special Collection—Illuminating a Warmer World: Insights From the Paleogene</a>, Westerhold et al., <em>Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology</em> 10.1029/2025pa005101</p>
1076. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2024.1507143" target="_blank">Reconstruction of climatic events from the 16th century in Transylvania: interdisciplinary analysis based on historical sources</a>, Gaceu et al., <em>Frontiers in Climate</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2024.1507143" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.3389/fclim.2024.1507143</p>
1077. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Biology & climate change, related geochemistry</strong></p>
1078. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005257" target="_blank">Assessing Assisted Natural Regeneration as a Cost-Efficient Mitigation for Climate Change and Biodiversity Loss in China</a>, Qiu et al., <em>Earth's Future</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005257" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024ef005257</p>
1079. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107083" target="_blank">Between shells and seas: Effects of ocean acidification on calcification and osmoregulation in yellow clam (<em>Amarilladesma mactroides</em>)</a>, Medeiros et al., <em>Marine Environmental Research</em> 10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107083</p>
1080. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71024" target="_blank">Climate but Not Land Use Influences Body Size of Fowler's Toad (Anaxyrus fowleri)</a>, Blackwood et al., <em>Ecology and Evolution</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71024" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1002/ece3.71024</p>
1081. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91864-6" target="_blank">Climate change and variability drive increasing exposure of marine heatwaves across US estuaries</a>, Nardi et al., <em>Scientific Reports</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41598-025-91864-6</p>
1082. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126309" target="_blank">Climate-growth relationships and paleoclimate potential of <em>Austrocedrus chilensis</em> revisited by extending its tree-ring network in Argentina</a>, Marcotti et al., <em>Dendrochronologia</em> 10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126309</p>
1083. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005379" target="_blank">Contrasting Trends in Onset of Spring Green-Up Between Grasslands and Forests in China</a>, Hu et al., <em>Earth's Future</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005379" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024ef005379</p>
1084. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02087-6" target="_blank">Current hydroclimatic spaces will be breached in half of the world’s humid high-elevation tropical ecosystems</a>, Rubiano et al., <em>Communications Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s43247-025-02087-6</p>
1085. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70110" target="_blank">Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics of Plant–Soil Feedbacks Explain the Spread Potential of a Plant Invader Under Climate Warming and Biocontrol Herbivory</a>, Sun et al., <em>Global Change Biology</em> 10.1111/gcb.70110</p>
1086. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1550450" target="_blank">Evolving landscapes: long term land use and climate-induced changes in the Brahmaputra floodplain</a>, Saeed et al., <em>Frontiers in Environmental Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1550450" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.3389/fenvs.2025.1550450</p>
1087. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70120" target="_blank">Functional Diversity Explains Ecosystem Carbon Storage in Subtropical Forests</a>, Wu et al., <em>Global Change Biology</em> 10.1111/gcb.70120</p>
1088. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71042" target="_blank">Impact of Climate Change on the Narrow Endemic Herb Psilopeganum sinense (Rutaceae) in China</a>, Deng et al., <em>Ecology and Evolution</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71042" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1002/ece3.71042</p>
1089. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1524400" target="_blank">Impacts of extreme climate events on vegetation succession at the northern foothills of Yinshan mountain, inner Mongolia</a>, Zhou et al., <em>Frontiers in Environmental Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1524400" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.3389/fenvs.2025.1524400</p>
1090. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126306" target="_blank">Long-term tree growth-climate relationships of <em>Fagus orientalis</em> Lipsky at high-elevation forest edges in the Alborz Mountains, northern Iran</a>, Moradi et al., <em>Dendrochronologia</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126306" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126306</p>
1091. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57371-y" target="_blank">Marine ecosystem role in setting up preindustrial and future climate</a>, Tjiputra et al., <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41467-025-57371-y</p>
1092. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70100" target="_blank">Narrow Margins: Aerobic Performance and Temperature Tolerance of Coral Reef Fishes Facing Extreme Thermal Variability</a>, Vaughan et al., <em>Global Change Biology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70100" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1111/gcb.70100</p>
1093. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71073" target="_blank">Network Assemblages of Elevational Niche-Associated Diversity in Fijian Native Bees</a>, Slattery et al., <em>Ecology and Evolution</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71073" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1002/ece3.71073</p>
1094. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107075" target="_blank">Phosphorus addition mitigates the combined negative effects of high temperature and nitrogen stress on corals</a>, Zhou et al., <em>Marine Environmental Research</em> 10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107075</p>
1095. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.11.18.622576" target="_blank">Postglacial Recolonization of the Southern Ocean by Elephant Seals Occurred From Multiple Glacial Refugia</a>, Berg et al., <em></em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2024/11/21/2024.11.18.622576.full.pdf" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2024/11/21/2024.11.18.622576.full.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1101/2024.11.18.622576</p>
1096. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2025.1465416" target="_blank">Prediction of the change in suitable growth area of Sabina tibetica on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau using MaxEnt model</a>, Li et al., <em>Frontiers in Forests and Global Change</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2025.1465416" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.3389/ffgc.2025.1465416</p>
1097. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70103" target="_blank">Rapid Evolution in Action: Environmental Filtering Supports Coral Adaptation to a Hot, Acidic, and Deoxygenated Extreme Habitat</a>, Leiva et al., <em>Global Change Biology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70103" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1111/gcb.70103</p>
1098. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126300" target="_blank">Recent declines in radial growth and wood density characterize dieback in European beech and pedunculate oak</a>, González de Andrés et al., <em>Dendrochronologia</em> 10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126300</p>
1099. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70065" target="_blank">Simulated Climate Change Enhances Microbial Drought Resilience in Ethiopian Croplands but Not Forests</a>, Hicks et al., <em>Global Change Biology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70065" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1111/gcb.70065</p>
1100. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adl5414" target="_blank">Tropical forests in the Americas are changing too slowly to track climate change</a>, Aguirre-Gutiérrez et al., <em>Science</em> 10.1126/science.adl5414</p>
1101. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adn2559" target="_blank">Upslope plant species shifts in Mesoamerican cloud forests driven by climate and land use change</a>, Ramírez-Barahona et al., <em>Science</em> 10.1126/science.adn2559</p>
1102. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>GHG sources & sinks, flux, related geochemistry</strong></p>
1103. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107067" target="_blank">Assessing the contribution of Tidal Flats to climate change and carbon neutrality through modeling approaches.</a>, Yang et al., <em>Marine Environmental Research</em> 10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107067</p>
1104. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2025.2458229" target="_blank">Building Bridges: A Narrative Literature Review of Spanish and Portuguese-Language Climate Change Communication Scholarship from Latin America</a>, Takahashi et al., <em>Environmental Communication</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2025.2458229" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1080/17524032.2025.2458229</p>
1105. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jg008397" target="_blank">Carbon Burial (in)Efficiency: Tracking the Molecular Fingerprint of In Situ Organic Matter Burial Using a 30-Year Freeze-Core Series From a Northern Boreal Lake (Nylandssjön, Sweden)</a>, Bindler et al., <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jg008397" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024jg008397</p>
1106. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102312" target="_blank">Determining the key meteorological factors affecting atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> using machine learning algorithms at a suburban site in China</a>, Liu et al., <em>Urban Climate</em> 10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102312</p>
1107. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s44246-025-00194-9" target="_blank">Estimation of carbon stock in the reed wetland of Weishan county in China based on Sentinel satellite series</a>, Lu et al., <em>Carbon Research</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s44246" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1007/s44246-025-00194-9</p>
1108. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jd041266" target="_blank">Global Fossil Methane Emissions Constrained by Multi-Isotopic Atmospheric Methane Histories</a>, Fujita et al., <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jd041266" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024jd041266</p>
1109. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113824" target="_blank">High Methane Production and Emission From Tropical Seagrasses Through Methylotrophic Methanogenesis</a>, Dai et al., <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113824" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024gl113824</p>
1110. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57763-0" target="_blank">Higher temperature sensitivity of forest soil methane oxidation in colder climates</a>, Jiang et al., <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41467-025-57763-0</p>
1111. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02168-6" target="_blank">Impact of climate-induced water-table drawdown on carbon and nitrogen sequestration in a <em>Kobresia</em>-dominated peatland on the central Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau</a>, Yang et al., <em>Communications Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s43247-025-02168-6</p>
1112. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-00975-4" target="_blank">Inconsistent influence of temperature, precipitation, and CO2 variations on the plateau alpine vegetation carbon flux</a>, Dong & Wang, <em>npj Climate and Atmospheric Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41612-025-00975-4</p>
1113. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113265" target="_blank">Land-Air Exchanges of Various Gaseous Nitrogen Species in an Urban Wetland Based on In Situ Flux Observations</a>, Yu et al., <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113265" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024gl113265</p>
1114. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.70008" target="_blank">Life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions associated with nuclear power generation in the United States</a>, Ng et al., <em>Journal of Industrial Ecology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.70008" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1111/jiec.70008</p>
1115. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57745-2" target="_blank">Methane emissions from thermokarst lakes must emphasize the ice-melting impact on the Tibetan Plateau</a>, Mu et al., <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-57745-2.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s41467-025-57745-2</p>
1116. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jg008395" target="_blank">Preferential Groundwater Discharges Along Stream Corridors Are Disregarded Sources of Greenhouse Gases</a>, Bisson et al., <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences</em> 10.1029/2024jg008395</p>
1117. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2025.1526743" target="_blank">Response mechanism of subtropical forest carbon balance to climate change based on InTEC model</a>, Zhang et al., <em>Frontiers in Forests and Global Change</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2025.1526743" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.3389/ffgc.2025.1526743</p>
1118. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1355-2025" target="_blank">Simulating ecosystem carbon dioxide fluxes and their associated influencing factors for a restored peatland</a>, He et al., <em>Biogeosciences</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/bg" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/bg-22-1355-2025</p>
1119. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2023.02.001" target="_blank">Spatial and temporal variations of gross primary production simulated by land surface model BCC&AVIM2.0</a>, Li et al., <em>Advances in Climate Change Research</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2023.02.001" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.accre.2023.02.001</p>
1120. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gb008372" target="_blank">Temperature and Water Levels Collectively Regulate Methane Emissions From Subtropical Freshwater Wetlands</a>, He et al., <em>Global Biogeochemical Cycles</em> 10.1029/2024gb008372</p>
1121. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.22541/au.173998478.86639498/v1" target="_blank">The Importance of Ditches and Canals in Global Inland Water CO2 and N2O Budgets</a>, Silverthorn et al., <em></em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.22541/au.173998478.86639498/v1" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.22541/au.173998478.86639498/v1</p>
1122. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102323" target="_blank">The interactions of carbon emission driving forces: Analysis based on interpretable machine learning</a>, Dong et al., <em>Urban Climate</em> 10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102323</p>
1123. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70098" target="_blank">The Response of Carbon Uptake to Soil Moisture Stress: Adaptation to Climatic Aridity</a>, Mengoli et al., <em>Global Change Biology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70098" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1111/gcb.70098</p>
1124. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>CO2 capture, sequestration science & engineering</strong></p>
1125. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ghg.2334" target="_blank">A Study on Effect of Number of Low-Permeability Layers on Geological Carbon Sequestration in an Open Aquifer</a>, Gupta et al., <em>Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology</em> 10.1002/ghg.2334</p>
1126. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2320961122" target="_blank">Resilient tree-planting strategies for carbon dioxide removal under compounding climate and economic uncertainties</a>, Cho et al., <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2320961122" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1073/pnas.2320961122</p>
1127. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Decarbonization</strong></p>
1128. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112445" target="_blank">Assessment of Hydrogen's Climate Impact Is Affected by Model OH Biases</a>, Yang et al., <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112445" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024gl112445</p>
1129. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005183" target="_blank">Controls of Ecohydrological Grassland Dynamics in Agrivoltaic Systems</a>, Paschalis et al., <em>Earth's Future</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005183" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024ef005183</p>
1130. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/we.70009" target="_blank">Developing Offshore Wind Farms in Aotearoa New Zealand: An Analysis of Life Cycle Carbon Emissions, Materials and Energy Implications</a>, Pincelli et al., <em>Wind Energy</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/we.70009" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1002/we.70009</p>
1131. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s44286-025-00195-w" target="_blank">One-step CO2 electrolysis and separations via a reversed gas diffusion electrode</a>, Phalkun et al., <em>Nature Chemical Engineering</em> 10.1038/s44286-025-00195-w</p>
1132. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2025.101675" target="_blank">Optimizing battery energy storage and solar photovoltaic systems for lower-to-middle-income schools amidst load-shedding</a>, Michael-Ahile et al., <em>Energy for Sustainable Development</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2025.101675" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.esd.2025.101675</p>
1133. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104018" target="_blank">Sustainable energy experiments and demonstrations: Reviewing research, market and societal trends</a>, Hasanefendic et al., <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104018" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104018</p>
1134. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/aesr.202500016" target="_blank">Tungsten Carbide Nanoparticles Embedded in Carbon Nanofoam Composites for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution</a>, Chaitoglou et al., <em>Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/aesr.202500016" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1002/aesr.202500016</p>
1135. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02276-3" target="_blank">Worldwide rooftop photovoltaic electricity generation may mitigate global warming</a>, Zhang et al., <em>Nature Climate Change</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41558-025-02276-3</p>
1136. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Geoengineering climate</strong> <strong>Black carbon</strong></p>
1137. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121127" target="_blank">Black carbon and mineral dust in snow and ice pose risks on the Asian water tower</a>, Zhang et al., <em>Atmospheric Environment</em> 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121127</p>
1138. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Aerosols</strong> <strong>Climate change communications & cognition</strong></p>
1139. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2025.2477265" target="_blank">The Parrot and the Igloo: Climate and the Science Denial</a>, Collyn & Kelen, <em>Environmental Communication</em> 10.1080/17524032.2025.2477265</p>
1140. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.70004" target="_blank">The Role of Neologisms in the Climate Change Debate: Can New Words Help to Speed Up Social Change?</a>, Zella et al., <em>WIREs Climate Change</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.70004" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1002/wcc.70004</p>
1141. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2025.2477260" target="_blank">“Climate Change is Real, but I Don't Wanna Talk About It”: Unraveling Spiral of Silence Effects Regarding Climate Change Among Midwestern American Farmers</a>, Vu et al., <em>Environmental Communication</em> 10.1080/17524032.2025.2477260</p>
1142. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Agronomy, animal husbundry, food production & climate change</strong></p>
1143. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-025-00522-7" target="_blank">Climate change mitigation and livelihood components under smallholder coffee farming: a bibliographic and systematic review</a>, Kishaija et al., <em>Agriculture & Food Security</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1186/s40066-025-00522-7</p>
1144. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000501" target="_blank">Climate Change Perceptions and Adaptive Behavior Among Smallholder Farmers in Northeast Madagascar</a>, Barrett et al., <em>PLOS Climate</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000501" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1371/journal.pclm.0000501</p>
1145. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/ei-d-24-0007.1" target="_blank">Climate Modulation of Crop Yield over the South African Highlands</a>, Jury, <em>Earth Interactions</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1175/ei" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1175/ei-d-24-0007.1</p>
1146. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1511548" target="_blank">How do agricultural socialization services drive green transition of farmers’ grain production under “dual-carbon” targets: an analysis of moderating effects based on factor allocation</a>, Wang & Long, <em>Frontiers in Environmental Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1511548" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.3389/fenvs.2025.1511548</p>
1147. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jg008391" target="_blank">Insights Into Nature-Based Climate Solutions: Managing Forests for Climate Resilience and Carbon Stability</a>, Murphy et al., <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jg008391" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024jg008391</p>
1148. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110465" target="_blank">Lower carbon uptake rates resulting from converting wooded Cerrado to pasture-dominated agricultural area in the Brazilian savanna</a>, Zhao et al., <em>Agricultural and Forest Meteorology</em> 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110465</p>
1149. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4871-2024" target="_blank">Modeling biochar effects on soil organic carbon on croplands in a microbial decomposition model (MIMICS-BC&v1.0)</a>, Han et al., <em>Geoscientific Model Development</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/gmd-17-4871-2024</p>
1150. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02171-x" target="_blank">One-third of the global soybean production failure in 2012 is attributable to climate change</a>, Hamed et al., <em>Communications Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s43247-025-02171-x</p>
1151. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110493" target="_blank">Regional climate warming increases occurrence and intensity of winter wheat drought risk</a>, Laurent et al., <em>Agricultural and Forest Meteorology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110493" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110493</p>
1152. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70826" target="_blank">Spatiotemporal Distribution of Wine Grape Under Climate Change in Northwestern China</a>, Liu et al., <em>Ecology and Evolution</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70826" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1002/ece3.70826</p>
1153. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8781" target="_blank">Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Vegetation and Land Surface Temperature in Saudi Arabia: Impacts of Climate Change on Agricultural Sites From 2010 to 2023</a>, Assiri et al., <em>International Journal of Climatology</em> 10.1002/joc.8781</p>
1154. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2460603" target="_blank">The animal agriculture industry’s obstruction of campaigns promoting individual climate action</a>, Loy & Jacquet, <em>Climate Policy</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2460603" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1080/14693062.2025.2460603</p>
1155. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.1456328" target="_blank">Trend analysis of climate change and effect of climate-smart agricultural practices: the case of Humbo Woreda, Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia</a>, Tessema et al., <em>Frontiers in Climate</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.1456328" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.3389/fclim.2025.1456328</p>
1156. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Hydrology, hydrometeorology & climate change</strong></p>
1157. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112237" target="_blank">Changes to Atmospheric River Related Extremes Over the United States West Coast Under Anthropogenic Warming</a>, Higgins et al., <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112237" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024gl112237</p>
1158. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005471" target="_blank">Climate Change Impacts on Flood Pulse Characteristics in the Barotse Floodplain, Zambia</a>, Mroz et al., <em>Earth's Future</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005471" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024ef005471</p>
1159. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102256" target="_blank">Combined effects of future urban development and rainfall patterns on flood characteristics in the Qinhuai River basin</a>, Gao et al., <em>Urban Climate</em> 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102256</p>
1160. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8821" target="_blank">Evaluating Climate Change Impacts on Streamflow Changes in the Source Region of Yellow River: A Bayesian Vine Copula Machine Learning (BVC-ML) Approach</a>, Zhuang et al., <em>International Journal of Climatology</em> 10.1002/joc.8821</p>
1161. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113126" target="_blank">Future Changes in Midwest Extreme Precipitation Depend on Storm Type</a>, Mercurio & Patricola, <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113126" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024gl113126</p>
1162. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02286-1" target="_blank">Groundwater recharge in a warming world</a>, Jung, <em>Nature Climate Change</em> 10.1038/s41558-025-02286-1</p>
1163. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005619" target="_blank">How Flood Hazards in a Warming Climate Could Be Amplified by Changes in Spatiotemporal Patterns and Mechanisms of Water Available for Runoff</a>, Yan et al., <em>Earth's Future</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005619" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024ef005619</p>
1164. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005276" target="_blank">Prioritization of Research on Drought Assessment in a Changing Climate</a>, Lisonbee et al., <em>Earth's Future</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005276" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024ef005276</p>
1165. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl114381" target="_blank">Transitioning Climate Control on Snow and Streamflow Dynamics Over the Past 70 Years</a>, Liu et al., <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl114381" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024gl114381</p>
1166. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102290" target="_blank">Urban stormwater resilience: Global insights and strategies for climate adaptation</a>, Fereshtehpour & Najafi, <em>Urban Climate</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102290" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102290</p>
1167. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Climate change economics</strong></p>
1168. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02280-7" target="_blank">Avoiding misuses of energy-economic modelling in climate policymaking</a>, Kaufman & Bataille, <em>Nature Climate Change</em> 10.1038/s41558-025-02280-7</p>
1169. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2471342" target="_blank">Banks’ climate commitments: a silver lining for climate action or just hot air? First evidence from the Swiss mortgage business</a>, Aeschlimann, <em>Climate Policy</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2471342" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1080/14693062.2025.2471342</p>
1170. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2025.2475148" target="_blank">Climate change, hurricanes, and sovereign debt in the Caribbean basin</a>, Cavallo et al., <em>Climate and Development</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2025.2475148" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1080/17565529.2025.2475148</p>
1171. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114556" target="_blank">International trade barriers, export and industrial resilience: An empirical study based on the EU and USA antidumping and countervailing policies on photovoltaic products</a>, Wang & Xie, <em>Energy Policy</em> 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114556</p>
1172. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Climate change mitigation public policy research</strong></p>
1173. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114573" target="_blank">Charging forward: A greenhouse gas emissions analysis of New York State's electric vehicle and clean energy goals</a>, Kear et al., <em>Energy Policy</em> 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114573</p>
1174. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102348" target="_blank">Co-benefits of carbon and pollutant emission reduction in urban transport: Sustainable pathways and economic efficiency</a>, Weng et al., <em>Urban Climate</em> 10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102348</p>
1175. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.103987" target="_blank">Gas grid regulation in the context of net zero transitions: A review of seven European countries</a>, Rosenow et al., <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.103987" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.erss.2025.103987</p>
1176. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.70001" target="_blank">Global supply chains and domestic climate policy: Addressing the substantial material-related carbon footprint of final consumption in France</a>, Teixeira & Lefèvre, <em>Journal of Industrial Ecology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.70001" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1111/jiec.70001</p>
1177. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2475039" target="_blank">Industrial concentration in South Korea: implications for the auction design of carbon contracts for difference scheme</a>, Jeong & Chang, <em>Climate Policy</em> 10.1080/14693062.2025.2475039</p>
1178. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114579" target="_blank">Jobs, skills and regional implications of the low carbon residential heat transition in the UK</a>, Calvillo et al., <em>Energy Policy</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114579" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114579</p>
1179. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-0942" target="_blank">Less emissions or less freight? Conflicting narratives for sustainable logistics in Norway</a>, Russell et al., <em>SAE Technical Paper Series</em> <a style="color: green;" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.4271/2000-01-0942</p>
1180. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2464699" target="_blank">Policing carbon markets</a>, Calel et al., <em>Climate Policy</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2464699" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1080/14693062.2025.2464699</p>
1181. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57559-2" target="_blank">Repositioning coal power to accelerate net-zero transition of China’s power system</a>, An et al., <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41467-025-57559-2</p>
1182. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef004951" target="_blank">Spatial Heterogeneity of Plant-Level CCUS Investment Decisions in China's Cement Industry Under Various Policy Incentives</a>, Mao et al., <em>Earth's Future</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef004951" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024ef004951</p>
1183. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Climate change adaptation & adaptation public policy research</strong></p>
1184. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02285-2" target="_blank">Adaptation gaps in airports</a>, Cheng, <em>Nature Climate Change</em> 10.1038/s41558-025-02285-2</p>
1185. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102298" target="_blank">Exploring the mitigation of compound events in Barcelona: Urban water scarcity, flood risk and reduction of surface temperatures through water-sensitive urban design</a>, Pérez Cambra et al., <em>Urban Climate</em> 10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102298</p>
1186. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.102985" target="_blank">Networked shorelines: A review of vulnerability interactions between human adaptation to sea level rise and wetland migration</a>, Balderas Guzman, <em>Global Environmental Change</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.102985" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.102985</p>
1187. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0297.1" target="_blank">Storylines of Unprecedented Extremes in the Southeast United States</a>, Masukwedza et al., <em>Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society</em> 10.1175/bams-d-23-0297.1</p>
1188. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Climate change impacts on human health</strong></p>
1189. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02193-5" target="_blank">Climate change reduces the wind chill hazard across Alaska</a>, Kim et al., <em>Communications Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s43247-025-02193-5</p>
1190. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2025.2474026" target="_blank">Climate-linked heat inequality in the global southern workforce: Cambodian workers’ economic and health vulnerability to high core temperatures in five occupational sectors</a>, Parsons et al., <em>Climate and Development</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2025.2474026" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1080/17565529.2025.2474026</p>
1191. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Climate change & geopolitics</strong></p>
1192. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02255-8" target="_blank">The role of non-state actors in shaping UN climate change side event discussions</a>, , <em>Nature Climate Change</em> 10.1038/s41558-025-02255-8</p>
1193. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Climate change impacts on human culture</strong> <strong>Other</strong></p>
1194. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2025.2476276" target="_blank">Contesting eco-modernist hegemony in Denmark? Green reform nexus and transformative climate advocacy in an established environmental state</a>, Blok, <em>Environmental Politics</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2025.2476276" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1080/09644016.2025.2476276</p>
1195. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106491" target="_blank">Five-years altitude statistics of noctilucent clouds based on multi-site wide-field camera survey</a>, Ugolnikov et al., <em>Journal of Atmospheric and Solar</em> <a style="color: green;" href="http://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.04951" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="http://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.04951" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106491</p>
1196. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.70001" target="_blank">Governing the Climate in the Paris Era: Organized Irresponsibility, Technocratic Climate Futures, and Normalized Disasters</a>, Steig & Oels, <em>WIREs Climate Change</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.70001" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1002/wcc.70001</p>
1197. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Informed opinion, nudges & major initiatives</strong></p>
1198. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2025.1579133" target="_blank">Editorial: Understanding the relationship between extreme climate events and forest soil hydrology: implications for ecosystem functions</a>, Fan et al., <em>Frontiers in Forests and Global Change</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2025.1579133" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.3389/ffgc.2025.1579133</p>
1199. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57450-0" target="_blank">How to stop being surprised by unprecedented weather</a>, Kelder et al., <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41467-025-57450-0</p>
1200. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02277-2" target="_blank">Mitigation needed to avoid unprecedented multi-decadal North Atlantic Oscillation magnitude</a>, Smith et al., <em>Nature Climate Change</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41558-025-02277-2</p>
1201. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005276" target="_blank">Prioritization of Research on Drought Assessment in a Changing Climate</a>, Lisonbee et al., <em>Earth's Future</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ef005276" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024ef005276</p>
1202. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02265-6" target="_blank">The implications of climate gentrification for urban climate action</a>, Connolly, <em>Nature Climate Change</em> 10.1038/s41558-025-02265-6</p>
1203. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adu2738" target="_blank">Time to count plastics in climate action</a>, Noman et al., <em>Science</em> 10.1126/science.adu2738</p>
1204. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024av001430" target="_blank">Would Adding the Anthropocene to the Geologic Time Scale Matter?</a>, McCarthy et al., <em>AGU Advances</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024av001430" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2024av001430</p>
1205. <hr />
1206. <h3><a id="gov-ngo"></a>Articles/Reports from Agencies and Non-Governmental Organizations Addressing Aspects of Climate Change</h3>
1207. <p><strong><a href="https://library.wmo.int/records/item/69236-2023-year-in-review-climate-driven-global-renewable-energy-potential-resources-and-energy-demand" target="_blank">2023 Year in Review: Climate-driven Global Renewable Energy Potential Resources and Energy Demand</a>, </strong><strong>World Meteorological Organization; International Renewable Energy Agency; Copernicus Climate Change Service; European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts</strong></p>
1208. <blockquote>The authors found that climate-informed and diversified energy solutions are essential if the world is to meet targets to triple renewable energy capacity and double energy efficiency by 2030. The authors examine 2023 – a year that saw a transition from a La Niña to an El Niño phenomenon, affecting key climatic variables for the energy sector such as wind speed, solar radiation, precipitation, and temperature. It was also the warmest year on record until this record was broken again in 2024.</blockquote>
1209. <p><strong><a href="https://influencemap.org/briefing/The-Carbon-Majors-Database-2023-Update-31397" target="_blank">Carbon Majors: 2023 Data Update</a>, </strong><strong>InfluenceMap</strong></p>
1210. <blockquote>The authors trace 33.9 GtCO2e of emissions to the 169 active entities in the Carbon Majors database in 2023, a 0.7% increase from 2022. The CO2 emissions in the database accounted for 78.4% of global fossil fuel and cement CO2 emissions in 2023, with just 36 companies linked to over half of these global emissions.</blockquote>
1211. <p><strong><a href="https://eelp.law.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Harvard-ELI-Extracting-Profits-from-the-Public-1.pdf" target="_blank">Extracting Profits from the Public: How Utility Ratepayers Are Paying for Big Tech’s Power</a>, </strong>Eliza Martin and Ari Peskoe, <strong>Harvard Law School</strong></p>
1212. <blockquote>The authors explore how the public is paying the energy bills of some of the largest companies in the world. The authors reviewed nearly 50 regulatory proceedings about utility rates for data centers. After describing how rate-setting processes can shift utility costs among ratepayers, the authors explain how rate structures, as well as secret contracts between utilities and data centers, could be transferring Big Tech’s energy costs to the public. It also provides recommendations to limit hidden subsidies in utility rates. Finally, the authors question whether utility regulators should be making policy decisions about whether to subsidize data centers and speculate on the long-term implications of utility systems dominated by trillion-dollar software and social media companies.</blockquote>
1213. <p><strong><a href="https://www.ppic.org/?show-pdf=true&docraptor=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ppic.org%2Fpublication%2Fimplementing-climate-smart-conservation%2F" target="_blank">Implementing Climate-Smart Conservation</a>, </strong>Harder et al., <strong>Public Policy Institute of California</strong></p>
1214. <blockquote>California has demonstrated a commitment to protecting its endangered freshwater species for decades. Yet despite this, most protected species have not recovered, and now a new threat multiplier is pushing many populations to the brink: climate change. The usual conservation tools cannot keep up with the pace of change; instead, the state needs to adopt a broad portfolio of climate-smart tools to conserve at-risk species. But is such change feasible? The authors show that laws such as the Endangered Species Act are not, for the most part, impediments to using the tools identified in a previous report. Rather, the problem lies with how society is applying them. To make real progress, the state must address the key issues that are hampering conservation work: permitting complexity, competition for funding, inadequate staffing, and a culture of risk aversion within agencies, water users, and environmental organizations. Although the federal government will continue to be a partner, the state should lead these efforts.</blockquote>
1215. <p><strong><a href="https://cleanpower.org/resources/clean-power-annual-market-report-2024-snapshot/?mrcid=1741234856#unlocked" target="_blank">Snapshot of Clean Power in 2024</a>, </strong><strong>American Clean Power</strong></p>
1216. <blockquote>The authors find America’s clean power industry set records in 2024, deploying 49 gigawatts of new capacity—33% more than in 2023. Clean energy provided 93% of all new power capacity, with nationwide installations now exceeding 313 gigawatts. This American success story includes 46 new manufacturing facilities opening across 20 states and remarkable growth in states like Mississippi, Louisiana, and Kentucky, where capacity increased by over 200%. With enough capacity to power 75 million homes and 175 gigawatts under development, this snapshot shows how clean power is delivering reliable, affordable electricity to families and businesses while strengthening our energy independence and economic security.</blockquote>
1217. <p><strong><a href="https://mcubedecon.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/calssa_rooftop-solar-reduces-costs-for-all-ratepayers-2025.pdf" target="_blank">Rooftop Solar Reduces Costs for All Ratepayers</a>, </strong>McCann et al., <strong>The California Solar & Storage Association</strong></p>
1218. <blockquote>As California policymakers seek to address energy affordability in 2025, new research shows why rooftop solar can and has helped control rate escalation. This research stands in direct contrast to claims that rooftop solar is to blame for rising rates. The authors show that the real reason electricity rates have increased dramatically in recent years is out-of-control utility spending and utility profit-making, enabled by a lack of proper oversight by regulators.</blockquote>
1219. <p><strong><a href="https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/-/media/cpuc-website/industries-and-topics/reports/cpuc-response-to-executive-order-n-5-24.pdf" target="_blank">CPUC Response to Executive Order N-5-24</a>, </strong><strong>California Public Utilities Commission</strong></p>
1220. <blockquote>The California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) appreciates the opportunity to respond to Governor Newsom’s Executive Order N-5-24. The Governor’s Executive Order sets forth an imperative to mitigate the rising costs of electricity service in California. The CPUC shares this sense of urgency and resolve. In general, the customers who are purchasing less electricity are those who own their homes and can afford to buy or lease rooftop solar panels and in-home battery storage. On that basis, we know that advantaged customers are paying less fixed and operational costs while disadvantaged customers are paying more.</blockquote>
1221. <p><strong><a href="https://pacinst.org/the-growing-threat-of-catastrophic-flooding-in-rural-america/" target="_blank">The Growing Threat of Catastrophic Flooding in Rural America</a>, </strong>Rebecca Anderson and Shannon McNeeley, <strong>The Pacific Institute</strong></p>
1222. <blockquote>The frequency and severity of catastrophic flooding events are rising throughout the U.S. and many rural communities are at high risk. Climate change is driving more intense and frequent extreme precipitation events, increasing the likelihood of catastrophic flooding across the U.S. in the future. Rural communities face unique challenges in preparing for and recovering from catastrophic flooding, shaped by factors like geography, social vulnerabilities, and limited resources. Leveraging the extant strengths and assets of rural communities is essential for building resilience and effectively preparing for catastrophic flooding.</blockquote>
1223. <p><strong><a href="https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/wp-content/uploads/WWA-scientific-report-South-Sudan-heatwave.pdf" target="_blank">Women and girls continue to bear disproportionate impacts of heatwaves in South Sudan that have become a constant threat</a>, </strong>Kew et al., <strong>World Weather Attribution</strong></p>
1224. <blockquote>Extreme heat has affected a large region of continental eastern Africa since mid-February. Extreme daytime temperatures have been recorded in South Sudan particularly affecting people in poor housing and outdoor workers, a very large part of the population. Scientists from Burkina Faso, Kenya, Uganda, the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Denmark, Sweden, Mexico, Chile, the United States, and the United Kingdom collaborated to assess to what extent human-induced climate change altered the likelihood and intensity of the extreme heat in the region and to what extent the impacts particularly affected women and girls. When combining the observation-based analysis with climate models, to quantify the role of climate change in this 7-day heat event, the authors find that climate models underestimate the increase in heat found in observations. They can thus only give a conservative estimate of the influence of human-induced climate change. Based on the combined analysis they conclude that climate change made the extreme heat at least 2C hotter and at least 10 times more likely.</blockquote>
1225. <p><strong><a href="https://www.switch.box/lpp" target="_blank">Targeted Electrification in New York State</a>, </strong>Smith et al., <strong>Switchbox</strong></p>
1226. <blockquote>New York State is rebuilding its aging natural gas distribution network. However, utilities are entirely replacing all pipes built from outdated materials, rather than surgically repairing those that are leaking, a far less profitable way to solve the problem. Utilities earn a percentage return on their capital investments. This incentivizes them to prefer capital-intensive solutions over cheaper alternatives such as lining pipes with plastic or using leak monitoring to guide targeted repairs. The authors focus on a promising alternative to leak-prone pipe replacement: targeted building electrification. Instead of replacing a pipe segment, utilities would decommission it and swap the fossil fuel appliances of affected customers with new electric models, including heat pumps, heat pump water heaters, and induction stoves. The authors found that targeted electrification is a cheaper alternative to replacing leak-prone pipes across much of the state—and that’s before factoring in the health and environmental costs of methane combustion.</blockquote>
1227. <p><strong><a href="https://www.aceee.org/research-report/b2502" target="_blank">Electricity Rates That Keep Bills Down after Electrification of Home Heating</a>, </strong>Sussman et al., <strong>The American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy</strong></p>
1228. <blockquote>In cold climates, once a home is electrified, its biggest electricity use in the home is space heating. The authors simulate energy bills in four regions of cold-climate U.S. states (using actual utility rates in those regions) under different home heating electrification scenarios and provide recommendations for policies and programs in those states to mitigate potential cost increases. The four states are among the most expensive in the United States for electrification and differ from most of the United States, where electrification is generally cost-effective. The authors examine energy efficiency, electricity rates, fossil fuel rates, and novel financial strategies as potential solutions to mitigate energy bill increases. To encourage adoption, they suggest how to roll out solutions with the help of behavioral science principles.</blockquote>
1229. <hr />
1230. <h3>Obtaining articles without journal subscriptions</h3>
1231. <p>We know it's frustrating that many articles we cite here are not free to read. One-off paid access fees are generally astronomically priced, suitable for such as <em>"<a href="https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol2-trans/100" target="_blank">On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light</a>" </em> but not as a gamble on unknowns. With a median world income of US$ 9,373, for most of us US$ 42 is significant money to wager on an article's relevance and importance. </p>
1232. <ul>
1233. <li><a href="https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/competitions/finding-and-accessing-scientific-papers">Here's an excellent collection</a> of tips and techniques for obtaining articles, legally.</li>
1234. </ul>
1235. <ul>
1236. <li><a href="https://unpaywall.org/" target="_blank">Unpaywall</a> offers a browser extension for Chrome and Firefox that automatically indicates when an article is freely accessible and provides immediate access without further trouble. Unpaywall is also unscammy, works well, is itself offered free to use. The organizers (a legitimate nonprofit) report about a 50% success rate</li>
1237. </ul>
1238. <ul>
1239. <li>The weekly <em>New Research</em> catch is checked against the Unpaywall database with accessible items being flagged. Especially for just-published articles this mechansim may fail. If you're interested in an article title and it is not listed here as "open access," be sure to check the link anyway. </li>
1240. </ul>
1241. <h3>How is <em>New Research</em> assembled?</h3>
1242. <p>Most articles appearing here are found via  RSS feeds from journal publishers, filtered by search terms to produce raw output for assessment of relevance. </p>
1243. <p>Relevant articles are then queried against the Unpaywall database, to identify open access articles and expose useful metadata for articles appearing in the database. </p>
1244. <p>The objective of New Research isn't to cast a tinge on scientific results, to color readers' impressions. Hence candidate articles are assessed via two metrics only:</p>
1245. <ul>
1246. <li>Was an article deemed of sufficient merit by a team of journal editors and peer reviewers? The fact of journal RSS output assigns a "yes" to this automatically. </li>
1247. <li>Is an article relevant to the topic of anthropogenic climate change? Due to filter overlap with other publication topics of inquiry, of a typical week's 550 or so input articles about 1/4 of RSS output makes the cut.</li>
1248. </ul>
1249. <p>A few journals offer public access to "preprint" versions of articles for which the review process is not yet complete. For some key journals this all the mention we'll see in RSS feeds, so we include such items in <em>New Research</em>. These are flagged as "preprint."</p>
1250. <p>The section "Informed opinion, nudges & major initiatives" includes some items that are not scientific research per se but fall instead into the category of "perspectives," observations of implications of research findings, areas needing attention, etc.</p>
1251. <h3>Suggestions</h3>
1252. <p>Please let us know if you're aware of an article you think may be of interest for Skeptical Science research news, or if we've missed something that may be important. Send your input to Skeptical Science via our <a href="https://skepticalscience.com/contact.php">contact form</a>.</p>
1253. <h3>Journals covered</h3>
1254. <p>A list of journals we cover may be found <a href="https://skepticalscience.com/Skeptical-Science-New-Research-Source-Journals.shtml">here</a>. We welcome pointers to omissions, new journals etc.</p>
1255. <h3>Previous edition</h3>
1256. &lt;p&gt;The previous edition of &lt;em&gt;Skeptical Science New Research&lt;/em&gt; may be found &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/new_research_2025_10.html"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
1257. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/new_research_2025_11.html</link>
1258. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/new_research_2025_11.html</guid>
1259. <pubDate>Thu, 13 Mar 2025 16:28:25 EST</pubDate>
1260. </item>  <item>
1261. <title>Visualizing daily global temperatures</title>
1262. <description>&lt;p class="greenbox"&gt;This is a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.theclimatebrink.com/p/visualizing-daily-global-temperatures"&gt;re-post from The Climate Brink&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
1263. <div class="available-content">
1264. <div class="body markup">
1265. <p><span>Good data visualizations can help make climate change more visceral and understandable. Back in 2016 Ed Hawkins published a “</span><a rel="" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_spiral">climate spiral</a><span>” graph that ended up being pretty iconic – it was shown at the opening ceremony of the Olympics that year – and is probably the second most widely seen climate graph after Hawkins’ later </span><a rel="" href="https://showyourstripes.info/">climate stripes</a><span>.</span></p>
1266. <p>However, I haven’t previously come across any versions of the spiral graph showing daily global temperatures, so I thought it would be fun to create my own (with, I should note, a bit of help from OpenAI’s o3 model to code it).</p>
1267. <p>Here are daily global temperatures by year between 1940 (when the ERA5 daily dataset begins) and the end of 2024, with the color varying from blue to red over time.</p>
1268. <div class="captioned-image-container">
1269. <div class="image2-inset"><img class="sizing-normal" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_lossy/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81569620-8f70-4f0a-93b1-3e223da972ff_800x800.gif" alt="" width="550" height="550" data-attrs="{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/81569620-8f70-4f0a-93b1-3e223da972ff_800x800.gif","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":800,"width":800,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":5013631,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/gif","href":null,"belowTheFold":false,"topImage":true,"internalRedirect":"https://www.theclimatebrink.com/i/158396891?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81569620-8f70-4f0a-93b1-3e223da972ff_800x800.gif","isProcessing":false}" /></div>
1270. </div>
1271. <!--more-->
1272. <p> You can clearly see how anomalous the past few years have been, with a sizable portion of days in both 2023 and 2024 exceeding 1.5C above preindustrial levels:</p>
1273. <div class="captioned-image-container">
1274. <div class="image2-inset"><img class="sizing-normal" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc11d32c4-8c60-4261-b54c-166bb8129a28_2006x1814.png" alt="" width="550" height="497" data-attrs="{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c11d32c4-8c60-4261-b54c-166bb8129a28_2006x1814.png","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":1317,"width":1456,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":1260127,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/png","href":null,"belowTheFold":false,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":"https://www.theclimatebrink.com/i/158396891?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc11d32c4-8c60-4261-b54c-166bb8129a28_2006x1814.png","isProcessing":false}" /></div>
1275. </div>
1276. <p>I also quite like how the final frame turned out, when I showed all of the data at once. It looks like a flower, albeit a rather sinister one given whats being displayed!</p>
1277. <div class="captioned-image-container">
1278. <div class="image2-inset"><img class="sizing-normal" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffeb5d569-8299-4cbf-aa9d-072779cc4bc5_2008x1852.png" alt="" width="550" height="507" data-attrs="{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/feb5d569-8299-4cbf-aa9d-072779cc4bc5_2008x1852.png","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":1343,"width":1456,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":2686011,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/png","href":null,"belowTheFold":false,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":"https://www.theclimatebrink.com/i/158396891?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffeb5d569-8299-4cbf-aa9d-072779cc4bc5_2008x1852.png","isProcessing":false}" /></div>
1279. </div>
1280. </div>
1281. &lt;/div&gt;</description>
1282. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/visualizing-daily-global-temps.html</link>
1283. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/visualizing-daily-global-temps.html</guid>
1284. <pubDate>Wed, 12 Mar 2025 14:18:14 EST</pubDate>
1285. </item>  <item>
1286. <title>The National Hurricane Center set an all-time record for forecast accuracy in 2024</title>
1287. <description>&lt;p class="greenbox"&gt;This is a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2025/02/the-national-hurricane-center-set-an-all-time-record-for-forecast-accuracy-in-2024/"&gt;re-post from Yale Climate Connections by Jeff Masters&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
1288. <div class="main-content">
1289. <div class="entry-content">
1290. <p class="has-drop-cap">Finally, there’s some good news to report from NOAA, the parent organization of the National Hurricane Center, or NHC: During the highly active 2o24 Atlantic hurricane season, the NHC made record-accurate track forecasts at every time interval (12-, 24-, 36-, 48-, 60-, 72-, 96-, and 120-hour forecasts), according to the preliminary <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/NHC_Verification_Report_Preview.pdf" target="_blank">2024 NHC Forecast Verification Report</a> released on Feb. 24. And 2024 research suggests that the research dollars spent since 2007 on improved hurricane forecasts could have led to over $10 billion in combined benefits just for the two major hurricanes that hit in 2024, Helene and Milton. But the budget for hurricane research could be slashed under the Trump administration.</p>
1291. <p class="has-drop-cap"><img src="https://i0.wp.com/yaleclimateconnections.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/nhc-track-accuracy-1990-2024.png?w=974&ssl=1" alt="" width="550" height="485" /></p>
1292. <p class="has-drop-cap"><em>Figure 1. Verification of official NHC hurricane track forecasts for the Atlantic, 1990-2024. (Image credit: Preliminary <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/NHC_Verification_Report_Preview.pdf" target="_blank">2024 NHC Forecast Verification Report</a>).</em></p>
1293. <!--more-->
1294. <p class="has-drop-cap"><img src="https://i0.wp.com/yaleclimateconnections.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/hurricane-intensity-error-1990-2022.png?w=974&ssl=1" alt="" width="550" height="363" /></p>
1295. <p class="has-drop-cap"><em>Figure 2. NHC hurricane forecast intensity errors, 1990-2022. Intensity forecasts have shown about a 50% improvement since the HFIP program was begun. (Image credit: 2024 National Bureau of Economic Research study, <a href="https://www.nber.org/digest/202409/value-improving-hurricane-forecasts">The Social Value of Hurricane Forecasts</a>)</em></p>
1296. </div>
1297. <div class="entry-content">
1298. <h4 class="wp-block-heading">Intensity forecasts were also very good in 2024</h4>
1299. <p>NHC’s forecasts for intensity — or storm strength — in 2024 had average errors a little higher than that of the past couple of years, and no records were set for accuracy. However, the intensity forecasts for 2024 were far more difficult than usual: The year saw 34 episodes of rapid intensification, which is defined as an increase in maximum winds of at least 35 mph within a 24-hour period. This number of rapid intensification events was nearly double the average of the past 10 years. Rapid intensity forecasts are among the most significant challenges in hurricane forecasting.</p>
1300. <h4 class="wp-block-heading">Credit the Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project</h4>
1301. <p>The Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project, or HFIP, was established within NOAA in response to the devastating hurricanes of 2004-2005, including Charley in 2004 and Wilma, Katrina, and Rita in 2005. The project began in 2009 with the objective of reducing hurricane track and intensity errors by 20% over five years (by 2014) and by 50% over 10 years (by 2019.) Advancements under the project have resulted in a nearly 50% decline in wind-speed (i.e., intensity) prediction errors since 2007, according to a 2024 National Bureau of Economic Research study, “<a href="https://www.nber.org/digest/202409/value-improving-hurricane-forecasts">The Social Value of Hurricane Forecasts</a>.” During that same period, the average track error for two-day and longer forecasts improved by about a factor of two (Fig. 1).</p>
1302. <div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
1303. <div class="perfmatters-lazy-youtube" data-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/RB1mTkgkI5E" data-id="RB1mTkgkI5E" data-query="feature=oembed">
1304. <div><img class="perfmatters-lazy entered pmloaded" src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/RB1mTkgkI5E/hqdefault.jpg" alt="YouTube video" width="480" height="360" data-pin-nopin="true" data-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/RB1mTkgkI5E/hqdefault.jpg" data-ll-status="loaded" /></div>
1305. </div>
1306. </div>
1307. <h4 class="wp-block-heading">Hurricane research at risk from budget cuts</h4>
1308. <p>As we wrote last week in our post, <a href="https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2025/02/cuts-to-u-s-weather-and-climate-research-could-put-public-safety-at-risk/">Cuts to U.S. weather and climate research could put public safety at risk</a>, NOAA is targeted to receive significant budget cuts this year, with the organization potentially being broken up and some of its functions privatized. In Project 2025, the blueprint that the Trump administration has been following so far for slashing government, NOAA’s Office of Atmospheric Research is singled out as “the source of much of NOAA’s climate alarmism” and the document calls for most of the office’s research to end.</p>
1309. <p>But in addition to doing a large amount of climate change research, the Office of Atmospheric Research houses the top two centers for hurricane research: the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory. Improved hurricane forecasts have been a huge benefit to society at a low cost, with many lives saved and billions in damage prevented. Major cuts to the budgets of these two labs would likely significantly slow progress in making better hurricane forecasts, preventing us from saving billions of dollars per year from future hurricanes.</p>
1310. <h4 class="wp-block-heading">Improved forecasts have resulted in over $5 billion in savings per major hurricane landfall</h4>
1311. <p>A 2024 study by the non-profit, non-partisan National Bureau of Economic Research, “<a href="https://www.nber.org/digest/202409/value-improving-hurricane-forecasts">The Social Value of Hurricane Forecasts</a>,” found that recent advancements in hurricane forecasting for 18 continental U.S. landfalling hurricanes from 2005-2020 (including all nine major landfalls and nine of the 20 additional Cat 1 and Cat 2 landfalls) led to a 19% reduction in total hurricane-related costs — an average cost reduction of $5 billion <em>per hurricane</em>. The benefits came either by decreasing deaths and damages or by inspiring confidence in decisions not to spend money on pre-storm adaptation measures. An <a href="https://renatomolinah.com/assets/docs/hurricane_forecasts.pdf">October 2024 follow-up paper</a> from the same authors looked at all 31 landfalling mainland U.S. hurricanes from 2005-2022. The updated dataset with more weaker storms also found that improved hurricane forecasts led to a 19% reduction in total hurricane-related costs, but the average cost reduction per hurricane was lower: $2 billion per hurricane.</p>
1312. <p>The average benefit of $5 billion <em>per major hurricane</em> is on par with the entire 2024 NOAA budget of $6.8 billion, and far in excess of the cumulative $250 million spent over the period 2009-2019 on the Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project. And these benefits were likely considerably underestimated, the researchers said, since they only looked at the value of improved wind speed forecasts and did not study improved rainfall and storm surge forecasts.</p>
1313. <p>Given these results, it is plausible that the research dollars spent since 2007 on improved hurricane forecasts led to over $10 billion in combined benefits for the two major hurricanes that hit in 2024, Helene and Milton. Additional billions in benefits may also have accrued for the improved forecasts for the three other hurricanes that hit the U.S.: Cat 1 Beryl, Cat 2 Francine, and Cat 1 Debby.</p>
1314. <p><img src="https://i0.wp.com/yaleclimateconnections.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/landfall-US-cat45-1900-2024.jpg?w=974&ssl=1" alt="" width="550" height="363" /></p>
1315. <p><em>Figure 3. Mainland U.S. hurricane landfalls at category 4 and category 5 strength, 1900-2024. The seven Cat 4/5 landfalls from 2017-2024 are the highest for any eight-year period in the historical record. (Data from <a href="https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/All_U.S._Hurricanes.html">NOAA</a>)</em></p>
1316. <p>With climate change expected to make the strongest hurricanes stronger, and with the U.S. now in the midst of a historic period of landfalls from high-end Cat 4 and Cat 5 hurricanes (Fig. 3), a strong U.S. hurricane research program could be make-or-break for public safety when disaster strikes.</p>
1317. <p><em>Bob Henson contributed to this post</em></p>
1318. </div>
1319. &lt;/div&gt;</description>
1320. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/hurricane-center-all-time-record-accuracy.html</link>
1321. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/hurricane-center-all-time-record-accuracy.html</guid>
1322. <pubDate>Mon, 10 Mar 2025 14:10:59 EST</pubDate>
1323. </item>  <item>
1324. <title>2025 SkS Weekly Climate Change &amp; Global Warming News Roundup #10</title>
1325. <description>&lt;div class="greenbox" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;A listing of 32 news and opinion articles we found interesting and shared on social media during the past week: Sun, March 2, 2025 thru Sat, March 8, 2025.&lt;/div&gt;
1326. <p>This week's roundup is again published by category and sorted by number of articles included in each. We are still interested in feedback to hone the categorization, so if you spot any clear misses and/or have suggestions for additional categories, please let us know in the comments. Thanks!</p>
1327. <h3>Stories we promoted this week, by category and number of articles shared:</h3>
1328. <p><strong>Climate Change Impacts (13 articles)</strong></p>
1329. <ul>
1330. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2025/mar/01/bureau-of-meteorology-data-shows-second-hottest-summer-on-record">Australia’s second-hottest summer in 2024-25 ‘not possible without climate change’, scientist says</a></strong> <em> 2024-25 summer at 1.89C above long-term average ‘will be one of the coolest in the 21st century’, according to one expert</em> by Graham Readfearn, Australia News, The Guardian, Mar 1, 2025</li>
1331. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/feb/28/weather-tracker-six-cyclones-southern-hemisphere-alfred">Weather tracker: six cyclones swirl simultaneously in southern hemisphere</a></strong> <em> Bianca, Garance and Honde churn across Indian Ocean as Alfred, Rae and Seru spin through south-west Pacific</em> by Staff, Australia News, The Guardian, Feb 28, 2025</li>
1332. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/mar/01/nuclear-power-plants-miami-florida">Ageing nuclear plant in Florida at risk from climate crisis, advocates warn</a></strong> <em> Regulators extended the life of two of the oldest US reactors in Miami. Millions of people in the area are now vulnerable</em> by Richard Luscombe , US News, The Guardian, Mar 1, 2025</li>
1333. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/mar/03/antarctic-circumpolar-current-slow-down-ice-melting-climate">Earth’s strongest ocean current could slow down by 20% by 2050 in a high emissions future</a></strong> <em> Melting Antarctic ice is releasing cold, fresh water into the ocean, which is projected to cause the slowdown</em> by Petra Stock, Environment, Mar 3, 2025</li>
1334. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/half-of-global-croplands-could-see-a-drop-in-suitable-crops-at-2c-of-warming/">Half of global croplands could see a drop in suitable crops at 2C of warming</a></strong> <em> More than half of global cropland areas could see a decline in the number of suitable crops under a warming scenario of 2C, new research finds. </em> by Yanine Quiroz, Carbon Brief, Mar 04, 2025</li>
1335. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/mar/04/storm-tornado-midwest-south">‘Unusually strong’ storms bring risk of tornadoes and flash floods to US south</a></strong> <em> Powerful thunderstorms likely to sweep through Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama</em> by Nina Lakhani, US News, The Guardian, Mar 4, 2025</li>
1336. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://theconversation.com/carolina-wildfires-followed-months-of-weather-whiplash-from-drought-to-hurricane-fueled-floods-and-back-to-drought-251470">Carolina wildfires followed months of weather whiplash, from drought to hurricane-fueled floods and back to drought</a></strong> <em> Scores of wildfires broke out across North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia in early March 2025 as strong winds, abnormally dry conditions and low humidity combined to kindle and spread the flames.</em> by Lauren Lowman & Nick Corak, The Conversation, Mar 05, 2025</li>
1337. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2025/mar/06/is-climate-change-supercharging-tropical-cyclone-alfred-as-it-powers-towards-australia">Is climate change supercharging Tropical Cyclone Alfred as it powers towards Australia?</a></strong> <em> Cyclone Alfred formed in the Coral Sea towards the end of February when sea surface temperatures were almost 1C hotter than usual</em> by Graham Readfearn, Australia News, Mar 5, 2025</li>
1338. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/major-banana-exporters-could-face-60-drop-in-growing-area-due-to-warming/">Major banana exporters could face `60% drop` in growing area due to warming</a></strong> <em> Large-scale banana plantations in Latin America and the Caribbean could face a “dramatic” reduction in “suitable” growing area by 2080 due to rising temperatures, a new study warns.</em> by Ayesha Tandon, Carbon Brief, Mar 06, 2025</li>
1339. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/2025/03/05/cranky-stepdad-vs-hydrogen-for-energy-how-to-respond-to-enthusiasts/">Cranky Stepdad vs Hydrogen For Energy: How To Respond To Enthusiasts</a></strong> <em> </em> by Michael Barnard, Clean Technica, Mar 05, 2025</li>
1340. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2025/03/06/butterfly-decline-research-population-crisis/">Butterflies in the U.S. are disappearing at a ‘catastrophic’ rate</a></strong> <em> The number of butterflies in the contiguous United States declined by 22 percent this century, a collapse with potentially dire implications.</em> by Dino Grandoni, Climate, Washington Post, Mar 6, 2025</li>
1341. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2025/03/new-study-reveals-potential-cause-of-a-drought-in-violent-ef5-tornadoes/">New study reveals potential cause of a ‘drought’ in violent EF5 tornadoes</a></strong> <em> A quirky aspect of the way we measure twisters helps explain why there hasn’t been a top-tier-rated tornado in 12 years.</em> by Bob Henson, Eye on the Storm, Yale Climate Connections, Mar 7, 2025</li>
1342. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/major-banana-exporters-could-face-60-drop-in-growing-area-due-to-warming/">Major banana exporters could face ‘60% drop’ in growing area due to warming</a></strong> <em> Large-scale banana plantations in Latin America and the Caribbean could face a “dramatic” reduction in “suitable” growing area by 2080 due to rising temperatures, a new study warns.</em> by Ayesha Tandon, Food & Farming, Carbon Brief, Mar 6, 2025</li>
1343. </ul>
1344. <!--more-->
1345. <p><strong>Climate Policy and Politics (8 articles)</strong></p>
1346. <ul>
1347. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/02032025/trump-epa-greenhouse-gas-pollution-endangerment-finding/">Trump, EPA Aim to Remove Finding That Mandates Action on Greenhouse Gas Pollution</a></strong> <em> Experts expect Trump’s team to lean on legal arguments, not science, to take down EPA’s 16-year-old endangerment finding.</em> by Marianne Lavelle, Inside Climate News, Mar 02, 2025</li>
1348. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2025/03/01/trump-firings-noaa-nws-weather-forecast-impacts/">Trump fired hundreds at NOAA, Weather Service. Here’s what that means for forecasts.</a></strong> <em> Current and former agency officials and lawmakers said the cuts could have major impacts on Americans and the economy, compromising important functions.</em> by Scott Dance & Kasha Patel, Weather, Washington Post, Mar 1, 2025</li>
1349. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/trump-official-who-tried-to-downplay-major-climate-report-now-will-oversee/">Trump Official Who Tried to Downplay Major Climate Report Now Will Oversee It</a></strong> <em> Stuart Levenbach alarmed scientists years ago when he attempted to meddle with a congressionally mandated climate report</em> by Scott Waldman & E&E News, Scientific American, Mar 03, 2025</li>
1350. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/04032025/americans-increasingly-aware-climate-change-harming-health/">Americans Are Increasingly Aware That Climate Change Is Harming Their Health</a></strong> <em> New survey also shows growing trust in scientists and health professionals as the federal government slashes resources for climate and health research and interventions.</em> by Keerti Gopal, Justice & Health, Inside Climate News, Mar 4, 2025</li>
1351. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2025/03/noaa-hurricane-hunter-layoffs-threaten-to-degrade-hurricane-forecasts/">NOAA Hurricane Hunter layoffs threaten to degrade hurricane forecasts</a></strong> <em> A gap in flight director staffing could keep the planes earthbound at crucial times. </em> by Jeff Masters, Yale Climate Connections, Mar 06, 2025</li>
1352. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/March 7 demonstrations across the U.S. and Europe will protest cuts to research, staffing and funding, and push for a continued federal focus on diversity, equity and inclusion.">Scientists Are Rising Up to Resist Trump Policies</a></strong> <em> March 7 demonstrations across the U.S. and Europe will protest cuts to research, staffing and funding, and push for a continued federal focus on diversity, equity and inclusion.</em> by Bob Berwyn, Science, Inside Climate News, Mar 6, 2025</li>
1353. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2025/03/07/stand-up-for-science-protest/">‘Stand Up for Science’ draws thousands to D.C. with calls to reverse research cuts</a></strong> <em> The Stand Up for Science rallies are a response to the Trump administration’s actions, which critics see as a threat to scientific progress.</em> by Richard Sima, Ellie Silverman, Scott Dance & Carolyn Y. Johnson, Science, Washington Post, Mar 7, 2025</li>
1354. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/07032025/coast-guard-academy-censors-climate-change-terminology/">US Coast Guard Academy Censors `Climate Change` From Its Curriculum</a></strong> <em> The terminology will be stricken in classes for future officers in a service that confronts global warming every day, a move some say will weaken it</em> by Marianne Lavelle, Inside Climate News, Mar 07, 2025</li>
1355. </ul>
1356. <p><strong>Public Misunderstandings about Climate Science (2 articles)</strong></p>
1357. <ul>
1358. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/cranky-uncle-game-multilingual.html">The Cranky Uncle game can now be played in 16 languages!</a></strong> <em> With the addition of Catalan, Croatian and Indonesian, the Cranky Uncle game can now be played in 16 languages!</em> by Baerbel Winkler, Skeptical Science, Mar 07, 2025</li>
1359. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/fact-brief-greenland.html">Fact brief - Is Greenland losing land ice?</a></strong> <em> </em> by Sue Bin Park, Skeptical Science, Mar 08, 2025</li>
1360. </ul>
1361. <p><strong>Climate Science and Research (2 articles)</strong></p>
1362. <ul>
1363. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/02/climate/trump-us-climate-policy-changes.html">‘Full on Fight Club’: How Trump Is Crushing U.S. Climate Policy</a></strong> <em> President Trump has quickly transformed America’s approach to the environment, withholding funds and stretching the limits of presidential power.</em> by David GellesLisa Friedman & Brad Plumer., Climate, New York Times, March 2, 2025</li>
1364. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.science.org/content/article/nasa-cuts-international-climate-science-support">NASA cuts off international climate science support</a></strong> <em> U.N. panel meets for first time without U.S. leadership</em> by Paul Voosen, Science, Feb 24, 2025</li>
1365. </ul>
1366. <p><strong>Climate Education and Communication (2 articles)</strong></p>
1367. <ul>
1368. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2025/03/as-the-politics-of-climate-change-shift-how-can-ordinary-people-respond/">As the politics of climate change shift, how can ordinary people respond?</a></strong> <em> According to the founder of the Environmental Voter Project, the best way to move beyond despair is to take action.</em> by Sarah Wesseler, Yale Climate Connections, Mar 3, 2025</li>
1369. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theclimatebrink.com/p/visualizing-daily-global-temperatures">Visualizing daily global temperatures</a></strong> <em> A new take on the old temperature spiral graph</em> by Zeke Hausfather, The Climate Brink, Mar 05, 2025</li>
1370. </ul>
1371. <p><strong>Miscellaneous (Other) (2 articles)</strong></p>
1372. <ul>
1373. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/2025-SkS-Weekly-News-Roundup_09.html">2025 SkS Weekly Climate Change & Global Warming News Roundup #09</a></strong> <em> A listing of 34 news and opinion articles we found interesting and shared on social media during the past week: Sun, February 23, 2025 thru Sat, March 1, 2025.</em> by Bärbel Winkler, Doug Bostrom & John Hartz, Skeptical Science, Mar 02, 2025</li>
1374. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/mar/05/revealed-how-wall-street-is-making-millions-betting-against-green-laws-isds-aoe">Revealed: how Wall Street is making millions betting against green laws</a></strong> <em> Guardian analysis finds fossil-fuel and mining firms have won $92bn of public money from states, with a growing number of cases backed by financial speculators</em> by Patrick Greenfield & Phoebe Weston, Environment, The Guardian, Mar 5, 2025</li>
1375. </ul>
1376. <p><strong>Public Misunderstandings about Climate Solutions (1 articles)</strong></p>
1377. <ul>
1378. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://sks.to/windshadow">Can shadow flicker from wind turbines trigger seizures in people with epilepsy?</a></strong> <em> Sabin Rebuttal #18 answers the question "Can shadow flicker from wind turbines trigger seizures in people with epilepsy?"</em> by Sabin Center Team, Skeptical Science, Mar 04, 2025</li>
1379. </ul>
1380. <p><strong>Climate law and justice (1 article)</strong></p>
1381. <ul>
1382. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/01032025/maryland-chief-resilience-officer-reflects-first-year/">Weathering the Storm: Maryland’s Chief Resilience Officer Reflects on Year One as Climate Threats Increase</a></strong> <em> From uniting statewide resilience efforts to mapping out emerging climate threats, Michael Hinson details his strategy to safeguard Maryland’s future.</em> by Aman Azhar, Justice & Health, Inside Climate News, Mar 1, 2025</li>
1383. </ul>
1384. <p><strong>Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation (1 arcticle)</strong></p>
1385. <ul>
1386. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/2025/03/06/companion-to-cranky-stepdad-vs-hydrogen-for-energy/">Companion to Cranky Stepdad vs Hydrogen for Energy</a></strong> <em> </em> by Michael Barnard, Clean Technica, Mar 06, 2025</li>
1387. </ul>
1388. &lt;div class="bluebox"&gt;If you happen upon high quality climate-science and/or climate-myth busting articles from reliable sources while surfing the web, please feel free to submit them via&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://sks.to/FB-posts-form" target="_blank"&gt;this Google form&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; so that we may share them widely. Thanks!&lt;/div&gt;</description>
1389. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/2025-SkS-Weekly-News-Roundup_10.html</link>
1390. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/2025-SkS-Weekly-News-Roundup_10.html</guid>
1391. <pubDate>Sun, 9 Mar 2025 10:14:42 EST</pubDate>
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