It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/7893016452

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>The Role of Mobile Games in Preserving Indigenous Languages #935391607766 (2025-02-05)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/7893016452">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="The Role of Mobile Games in Preserving Indigenous Languages" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="The Role of Mobile Games in Preserving Indigenous Languages #935391607766 (2025-02-05)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/7893016452" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-05T00:16:05Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Frank James" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "The Role of Mobile Games in Preserving Indigenous Languages #935391607766 (2025-02-05)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Frank James",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/7893016452"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-05T00:16:05Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/935391607766"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://013128.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "935391607766",
  52.            "abstract": "The Role of Mobile Games in Preserving Indigenous Languages #935391607766 (2025-02-05)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "The Role of Mobile Games in Preserving Indigenous Languages",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Frank James",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-05T00:16:05Z",
  58.                "url": "https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/7893016452"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://013128.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/10.jpg" alt="The Role of Mobile Games in Preserving Indigenous Languages" title="The Role of Mobile Games in Preserving Indigenous Languages" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Frank James</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-05</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">The Role of Mobile Games in Preserving Indigenous Languages</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Frank James for contributing the article "The Role of Mobile Games in Preserving Indigenous Languages".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg" alt="The Role of Mobile Games in Preserving Indigenous Languages" title="The Role of Mobile Games in Preserving Indigenous Languages" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This study investigates the environmental impact of mobile game development, focusing on energy consumption, resource usage, and sustainability practices within the mobile gaming industry. The research examines the ecological footprint of mobile games, including the energy demands of game servers, device usage, and the carbon footprint of game downloads and updates. Drawing on sustainability studies and environmental science, the paper evaluates the role of game developers in mitigating environmental harm through energy-efficient coding, sustainable development practices, and eco-friendly server infrastructure. The research also explores the potential for mobile games to raise environmental awareness among players and promote sustainable behaviors through in-game content and narratives.</p>
  100. <p>This paper investigates the impact of mobile gaming on attention span and cognitive load, particularly in relation to multitasking behaviors and the consumption of digital media. The research examines how the fast-paced, highly interactive nature of mobile games affects cognitive processes such as sustained attention, task-switching, and mental fatigue. Using experimental methods and cognitive psychology theories, the study analyzes how different types of mobile games, from casual games to action-packed shooters, influence players’ ability to focus on tasks and process information. The paper explores the long-term effects of mobile gaming on attention span and offers recommendations for mitigating negative impacts, especially in the context of educational and professional environments.</p>
  101. <p>This paper focuses on the cybersecurity risks associated with mobile games, specifically exploring how game applications collect, store, and share player data. The study examines the security vulnerabilities inherent in mobile gaming platforms, such as data breaches, unauthorized access, and exploitation of user information. Drawing on frameworks from cybersecurity research and privacy law, the paper investigates the implications of mobile game data collection on user privacy and the broader implications for digital identity protection. The research also provides policy recommendations for improving the security and privacy protocols in the mobile gaming industry, ensuring that players’ data is adequately protected.</p>
  102. <p>This research explores how mobile games contribute to the development of digital literacy skills among young players. It looks at how games can teach skills such as problem-solving, critical thinking, and technology literacy, and how these skills transfer to real-world applications. The study also considers the potential risks associated with mobile gaming, including exposure to online predators and the spread of misinformation, and suggests strategies for promoting safe and effective gaming.</p>
  103. <p>This study examines how mobile games can be used as tools for promoting environmental awareness and sustainability. It investigates game mechanics that encourage players to engage in pro-environmental behaviors, such as resource conservation and eco-friendly practices. The paper highlights examples of games that address climate change, conservation, and environmental education, offering insights into how games can influence attitudes and behaviors related to sustainability.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/7893016452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://946684175297-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://331512611662-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://076343438106-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://513143876927-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://289355563297-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://540351012426-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://814406235261-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://817147992038-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://149492173524-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://247874956760-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://550754568507-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://714176691478-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://873450505581-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/7893016452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://038889661088-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/7893016452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://748985873129-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/7893016452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://270838931820-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/7893016452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://787896760569-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/7893016452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://147459486460-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/7893016452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://254436514293-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/7893016452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://860916920676-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/7893016452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?524260386739&amp;url=https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/7893016452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?380810207298&amp;url=https://naver380810207298-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?991069622148&amp;url=https://naver991069622148-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?187750789870&amp;url=https://naver187750789870-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?890620519615&amp;url=https://naver890620519615-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?688892710486&amp;url=https://naver688892710486-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?565452442504&amp;url=https://naver565452442504-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?556528197986&amp;url=https://naver556528197986-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?257306963408&amp;url=https://naver257306963408-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?752902468110&amp;url=https://naver752902468110-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?929627343173&amp;url=https://naver929627343173-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?769110985286&amp;url=https://naver769110985286-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?523334337309&amp;url=https://naver523334337309-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-033341727739.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-737355007341.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-774514418852.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-935708671317.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-918742810361.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-813699892362.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-220461253037.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-219356437797.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-786922245392.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-417810542477.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-021890578260.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/7893016452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-585024275057.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/7893016452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-101448251331.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/7893016452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-498314463975.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/7893016452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-402907628863.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/7893016452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-798832971702.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/7893016452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-259546196387-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/7893016452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-159946216199-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/7893016452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-396467782747-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/7893016452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/6905187423">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg" alt="Energy-Efficient Rendering for AR Mobile Games Using Neural Approximations" title="Energy-Efficient Rendering for AR Mobile Games Using Neural Approximations" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-6905187423.mit-edu.top/post/6905187423/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/6905187423">Energy-Efficient Rendering for AR Mobile Games Using Neural Approximations</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the role of mobile games in advancing the development of artificial general intelligence (AGI) by simulating aspects of human cognition, such as decision-making, problem-solving, and emotional response. The study investigates how mobile games can serve as testbeds for AGI research, offering a controlled environment in which AI systems can interact with human players and adapt to dynamic, unpredictable scenarios. By integrating cognitive science, AI theory, and game design principles, the research explores how mobile games might contribute to the creation of AGI systems that exhibit human-like intelligence across a wide range of tasks. The study also addresses the ethical concerns of AI in gaming, such as fairness, transparency, and accountability.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/6905187423" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/10.jpg" alt="Energy-Efficient Rendering for AR Mobile Games Using Neural Approximations" title="Energy-Efficient Rendering for AR Mobile Games Using Neural Approximations" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>John Smith</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/7308594216">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg" alt="Temporal Dynamics of Skill Acquisition in Esports Athletes" title="Temporal Dynamics of Skill Acquisition in Esports Athletes" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-7308594216.mit-edu.top/post/7308594216/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/7308594216">Temporal Dynamics of Skill Acquisition in Esports Athletes</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper investigates the role of social influence in mobile games, focusing on how social networks, peer pressure, and social comparison affect player behavior and in-game purchasing decisions. The study examines how features such as leaderboards, friend lists, and social sharing options influence players’ motivations to engage with the game and spend money on in-game items. Drawing on social psychology and behavioral economics, the research explores how players' decisions are shaped by their interactions with others in the game environment. The paper also discusses the ethical implications of using social influence to drive in-game purchases, particularly in relation to vulnerable players and addiction risk.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/7308594216" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/1.jpg" alt="Temporal Dynamics of Skill Acquisition in Esports Athletes" title="Temporal Dynamics of Skill Acquisition in Esports Athletes" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Daniel Hall</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/9345206871">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/18.jpg" alt="The Impact of Digital Games on Cultural Heritage Preservation Initiatives" title="The Impact of Digital Games on Cultural Heritage Preservation Initiatives" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-9345206871.mit-edu.top/post/9345206871/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/9345206871">The Impact of Digital Games on Cultural Heritage Preservation Initiatives</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">Gamification extends beyond entertainment, infiltrating sectors such as marketing, education, and workplace training with game-inspired elements such as leaderboards, achievements, and rewards systems. By leveraging gamified strategies, businesses enhance user engagement, foster motivation, and drive desired behaviors, harnessing the power of play to achieve tangible goals and outcomes.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://013128.mit-edu.top/post/9345206871" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="The Impact of Digital Games on Cultural Heritage Preservation Initiatives" title="The Impact of Digital Games on Cultural Heritage Preservation Initiatives" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Linda Miller</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda