It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/3196450287

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Affective Gaming: Adapting Game Content Based on Emotional States #686368397427 (2025-02-02)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/3196450287">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Affective Gaming: Adapting Game Content Based on Emotional States" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Affective Gaming: Adapting Game Content Based on Emotional States #686368397427 (2025-02-02)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/3196450287" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/10.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-01T16:45:18Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Donna Perez" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Affective Gaming: Adapting Game Content Based on Emotional States #686368397427 (2025-02-02)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Donna Perez",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/3196450287"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-01T16:45:18Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/10.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/686368397427"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://047728.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "686368397427",
  52.            "abstract": "Affective Gaming: Adapting Game Content Based on Emotional States #686368397427 (2025-02-02)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Affective Gaming: Adapting Game Content Based on Emotional States",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Donna Perez",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-01T16:45:18Z",
  58.                "url": "https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/3196450287"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://047728.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/10.jpg" alt="Affective Gaming: Adapting Game Content Based on Emotional States" title="Affective Gaming: Adapting Game Content Based on Emotional States" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Donna Perez</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-02</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Affective Gaming: Adapting Game Content Based on Emotional States</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Donna Perez for contributing the article "Affective Gaming: Adapting Game Content Based on Emotional States".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/10.jpg" alt="Affective Gaming: Adapting Game Content Based on Emotional States" title="Affective Gaming: Adapting Game Content Based on Emotional States" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This paper investigates the role of social influence in mobile games, focusing on how social networks, peer pressure, and social comparison affect player behavior and in-game purchasing decisions. The study examines how features such as leaderboards, friend lists, and social sharing options influence players’ motivations to engage with the game and spend money on in-game items. Drawing on social psychology and behavioral economics, the research explores how players' decisions are shaped by their interactions with others in the game environment. The paper also discusses the ethical implications of using social influence to drive in-game purchases, particularly in relation to vulnerable players and addiction risk.</p>
  100. <p>This paper offers a post-structuralist analysis of narrative structures in mobile games, emphasizing how game narratives contribute to the construction of player identity and agency. It explores the intersection of game mechanics, storytelling, and player interaction, considering how mobile games as “digital texts” challenge traditional notions of authorship and narrative control. Drawing upon the works of theorists like Michel Foucault and Roland Barthes, the paper examines the decentralized nature of mobile game narratives and how they allow players to engage in a performative process of meaning-making, identity construction, and subversion of preordained narrative trajectories.</p>
  101. <p>This research explores the potential of blockchain technology to transform the digital economy of mobile games by enabling secure, transparent ownership of in-game assets. The study examines how blockchain can be used to facilitate the creation, trading, and ownership of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) within mobile games, allowing players to buy, sell, and trade unique digital items. Drawing on blockchain technology, game design, and economic theory, the paper investigates the implications of decentralized ownership for game economies, player rights, and digital scarcity. The research also considers the challenges of implementing blockchain in mobile games, including scalability, transaction costs, and the environmental impact of blockchain mining.</p>
  102. <p>The immersive world of gaming beckons players into a realm where fantasy meets reality, where pixels dance to the tune of imagination, and where challenges ignite the spirit of competition. From the sprawling landscapes of open-world adventures to the intricate mazes of puzzle games, every corner of this digital universe invites exploration and discovery. It's a place where players not only seek entertainment but also find solace, inspiration, and a sense of accomplishment as they navigate virtual realms filled with wonder and excitement.</p>
  103. <p>This research examines the role of mobile games in fostering virtual empathy, analyzing how game narratives, character design, and player interactions contribute to emotional understanding and compassion. By applying theories of empathy and emotion, the study explores how players engage with in-game characters and scenarios that evoke emotional responses, such as moral dilemmas or relationship-building. The paper investigates the psychological effects of empathetic experiences within mobile games, considering the potential benefits for social learning and emotional intelligence. It also addresses the ethical concerns surrounding the manipulation of emotions in games, particularly in relation to vulnerable populations and sensitive topics.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/3196450287" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://894589099894-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://953218416126-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://725501080549-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://448427923254-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://096708481031-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://240394248081-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://874109619290-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://138241466495-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://919728905326-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://388207321156-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://392942534417-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://207849588319-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://141256896180-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/3196450287" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://334885515300-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/3196450287" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://358180004220-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/3196450287" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://819528662040-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/3196450287" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://501131277186-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/3196450287" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://186619690652-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/3196450287" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://419614774998-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/3196450287" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://115824543104-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/3196450287" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?064029370342&amp;url=https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/3196450287" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?710219121713&amp;url=https://naver710219121713-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?168488884297&amp;url=https://naver168488884297-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?235369641673&amp;url=https://naver235369641673-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?595767173922&amp;url=https://naver595767173922-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?710230063590&amp;url=https://naver710230063590-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?555712071658&amp;url=https://naver555712071658-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?365758929053&amp;url=https://naver365758929053-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?059418564046&amp;url=https://naver059418564046-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?344509335910&amp;url=https://naver344509335910-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?703619915866&amp;url=https://naver703619915866-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?713117742292&amp;url=https://naver713117742292-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?136627798159&amp;url=https://naver136627798159-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-041627309610.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-495615938500.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-370195100262.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-093965014586.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-170030068188.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-608635935231.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-743291919912.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-029938708561.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-065699773103.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-294296508591.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-362229435095.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/3196450287" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-972382602132.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/3196450287" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-782632878090.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/3196450287" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-943443940278.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/3196450287" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-549752931294.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/3196450287" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-471371465819.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/3196450287" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-113131085961-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/3196450287" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-264384831979-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/3196450287" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-116608619033-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/3196450287" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/7502319864">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/10.jpg" alt="Real-Time Object Recognition for Interactive AR Game Mechanics" title="Real-Time Object Recognition for Interactive AR Game Mechanics" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-7502319864.mit-edu.top/post/7502319864/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/7502319864">Real-Time Object Recognition for Interactive AR Game Mechanics</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">The fusion of gaming and storytelling has birthed narrative-driven masterpieces that transport players on epic journeys filled with rich characters, moral dilemmas, and immersive worlds. Role-playing games (RPGs), interactive dramas, and story-driven adventures weave intricate narratives that resonate with players on emotional, intellectual, and narrative levels, blurring the line between gaming and literature.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/7502319864" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/10.jpg" alt="Real-Time Object Recognition for Interactive AR Game Mechanics" title="Real-Time Object Recognition for Interactive AR Game Mechanics" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Barbara Garcia</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/7913620854">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/16.jpg" alt="Mitigating Data Breaches in Mobile Game Networks Through Blockchain Solutions" title="Mitigating Data Breaches in Mobile Game Networks Through Blockchain Solutions" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-7913620854.mit-edu.top/post/7913620854/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/7913620854">Mitigating Data Breaches in Mobile Game Networks Through Blockchain Solutions</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This study explores the role of player customization in mobile games, focusing on how avatar and character customization can influence player identity, self-expression, and engagement. The research examines how customizing characters, outfits, and other in-game features enables players to create personalized experiences that reflect their preferences and identities. Drawing on social identity theory and self-concept research, the paper investigates how customization fosters emotional attachment to the game, as well as its impact on player behavior, such as social interaction and competition. The study also explores the commercial implications of offering customizable in-game items, including microtransactions and virtual economies.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/7913620854" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/20.jpg" alt="Mitigating Data Breaches in Mobile Game Networks Through Blockchain Solutions" title="Mitigating Data Breaches in Mobile Game Networks Through Blockchain Solutions" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Brian Phillips</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/7938125406">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg" alt="Multi-Objective Optimization in Game AI Using Pareto Front Analysis" title="Multi-Objective Optimization in Game AI Using Pareto Front Analysis" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-7938125406.mit-edu.top/post/7938125406/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/7938125406">Multi-Objective Optimization in Game AI Using Pareto Front Analysis</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">Game developers are the visionary architects behind the mesmerizing worlds and captivating narratives that define modern gaming experiences. Their tireless innovation and creativity have propelled the industry forward, delivering groundbreaking titles that blur the line between reality and fantasy, leaving players awestruck and eager for the next technological marvel.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://047728.mit-edu.top/post/7938125406" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/6.jpg" alt="Multi-Objective Optimization in Game AI Using Pareto Front Analysis" title="Multi-Objective Optimization in Game AI Using Pareto Front Analysis" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Jennifer Lopez</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda