It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/2615738490

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Gamified Representations of History: Ethical Considerations in Narrative Design #732772449307 (2025-02-02)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/2615738490">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Gamified Representations of History: Ethical Considerations in Narrative Design" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Gamified Representations of History: Ethical Considerations in Narrative Design #732772449307 (2025-02-02)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/2615738490" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/1.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-02T07:59:24Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Emma Price" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Gamified Representations of History: Ethical Considerations in Narrative Design #732772449307 (2025-02-02)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Emma Price",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/2615738490"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-02T07:59:24Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/1.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/732772449307"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://075706.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "732772449307",
  52.            "abstract": "Gamified Representations of History: Ethical Considerations in Narrative Design #732772449307 (2025-02-02)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Gamified Representations of History: Ethical Considerations in Narrative Design",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Emma Price",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-02T07:59:24Z",
  58.                "url": "https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/2615738490"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://075706.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/18.jpg" alt="Gamified Representations of History: Ethical Considerations in Narrative Design" title="Gamified Representations of History: Ethical Considerations in Narrative Design" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Emma Price</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-02</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Gamified Representations of History: Ethical Considerations in Narrative Design</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Emma Price for contributing the article "Gamified Representations of History: Ethical Considerations in Narrative Design".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/1.jpg" alt="Gamified Representations of History: Ethical Considerations in Narrative Design" title="Gamified Representations of History: Ethical Considerations in Narrative Design" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This research investigates the role of user experience (UX) design in mobile gaming, focusing on how players from different cultural backgrounds interact with mobile games and perceive gameplay elements. The study compares UX design preferences and usability testing results from players in various regions, such as North America, Europe, and Asia. By applying cross-cultural psychology and design theory, the paper analyzes how cultural values, technological literacy, and gaming traditions influence player engagement, satisfaction, and learning outcomes in mobile games. The research provides actionable insights into how UX designers can tailor game interfaces, mechanics, and narratives to better suit diverse global audiences.</p>
  100. <p>This research explores the potential of augmented reality (AR)-powered mobile games for enhancing educational experiences. The study examines how AR technology can be integrated into mobile games to provide immersive learning environments where players interact with both virtual and physical elements in real-time. Drawing on educational theories and gamification principles, the paper explores how AR mobile games can be used to teach complex concepts, such as science, history, and mathematics, through interactive simulations and hands-on learning. The research also evaluates the effectiveness of AR mobile games in fostering engagement, retention, and critical thinking in educational contexts, offering recommendations for future development.</p>
  101. <p>This paper explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in predicting player behavior in mobile games. It focuses on how AI algorithms can analyze player data to forecast actions such as in-game purchases, playtime, and engagement. The research examines the potential of AI to enhance personalized gaming experiences, improve game design, and increase player retention rates.</p>
  102. <p>The debate surrounding the potential impact of violent video games on behavior continues to spark discussions and research within the gaming community and beyond. While some studies suggest a correlation between exposure to violent content and aggressive tendencies, the nuanced relationship between media consumption, psychological factors, and real-world behavior remains a topic of ongoing study and debate.</p>
  103. <p>This study examines the growing trend of fitness-related mobile games, which use game mechanics to motivate players to engage in physical activities. It evaluates the effectiveness of these games in promoting healthier behaviors and increasing physical activity levels. The paper also investigates the psychological factors behind players’ motivation to exercise through games and explores the future potential of fitness gamification in public health campaigns.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/2615738490" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://689220444582-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://239705267451-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://137655423356-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://390759073953-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://580325438104-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://646082611797-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://695090449471-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://015926390098-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://260439109708-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://843790892485-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://024124951004-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://025995770149-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://139488080493-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/2615738490" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://999009501091-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/2615738490" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://678783706644-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/2615738490" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://543692992992-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/2615738490" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://952052129097-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/2615738490" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://367932487746-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/2615738490" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://045345631937-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/2615738490" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://159159886689-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/2615738490" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?938613327951&amp;url=https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/2615738490" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?414518224239&amp;url=https://naver414518224239-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?228897881652&amp;url=https://naver228897881652-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?984770921383&amp;url=https://naver984770921383-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?215639652542&amp;url=https://naver215639652542-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?321486775152&amp;url=https://naver321486775152-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?144383604278&amp;url=https://naver144383604278-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?243597729978&amp;url=https://naver243597729978-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?546161375813&amp;url=https://naver546161375813-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?184612436796&amp;url=https://naver184612436796-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?579566421037&amp;url=https://naver579566421037-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?164756174635&amp;url=https://naver164756174635-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?879458015971&amp;url=https://naver879458015971-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-613716433919.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-527080678524.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-436933194576.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-210611564273.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-330182625228.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-648195717888.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-935362695714.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-087609473383.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-965643446983.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-142724122883.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-830279565120.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/2615738490" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-464162477759.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/2615738490" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-272550844971.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/2615738490" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-837449486902.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/2615738490" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-140825842098.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/2615738490" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-183580673327.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/2615738490" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-366957271254-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/2615738490" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-839049958306-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/2615738490" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-374716542148-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/2615738490" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/5160829734">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/1.jpg" alt="Analyzing Monopolistic Behaviors in Mobile App Stores: Implications for Mobile Game Distribution" title="Analyzing Monopolistic Behaviors in Mobile App Stores: Implications for Mobile Game Distribution" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-5160829734.mit-edu.top/post/5160829734/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/5160829734">Analyzing Monopolistic Behaviors in Mobile App Stores: Implications for Mobile Game Distribution</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This research provides a critical analysis of gender representation in mobile games, focusing on the portrayal of gender stereotypes and the inclusivity of diverse gender identities in game design. The study investigates how mobile games depict male, female, and non-binary characters, examining the roles, traits, and agency afforded to these characters within game narratives and mechanics. Drawing on feminist theory and media studies, the paper critiques the reinforcement of traditional gender roles and the underrepresentation of marginalized genders in mobile games. The research also explores how game developers can promote inclusivity through diverse character designs, storylines, and gameplay mechanics, offering suggestions for more equitable and progressive representations in mobile gaming.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/5160829734" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/18.jpg" alt="Analyzing Monopolistic Behaviors in Mobile App Stores: Implications for Mobile Game Distribution" title="Analyzing Monopolistic Behaviors in Mobile App Stores: Implications for Mobile Game Distribution" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Melissa Collins</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/0489315627">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/19.jpg" alt="The Integration of Smart Wearables with Mobile Gaming Ecosystems" title="The Integration of Smart Wearables with Mobile Gaming Ecosystems" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-0489315627.mit-edu.top/post/0489315627/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/0489315627">The Integration of Smart Wearables with Mobile Gaming Ecosystems</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">The allure of virtual worlds is undeniably powerful, drawing players into immersive realms where they can become anything from heroic warriors wielding enchanted swords to cunning strategists orchestrating grand schemes of conquest and diplomacy. These virtual environments transcend the mundane, offering players a chance to escape into fantastical realms filled with mythical creatures, ancient ruins, and untold mysteries waiting to be uncovered. Whether embarking on epic quests to save the realm from impending doom or engaging in fierce PvP battles against rival factions, the appeal of stepping into a digital persona and shaping their destiny is a driving force behind the gaming phenomenon.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/0489315627" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/6.jpg" alt="The Integration of Smart Wearables with Mobile Gaming Ecosystems" title="The Integration of Smart Wearables with Mobile Gaming Ecosystems" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Michelle Turner</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/2659801473">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/1.jpg" alt="Exploring Economic Externalities in Decentralized Mobile Game Ecosystems" title="Exploring Economic Externalities in Decentralized Mobile Game Ecosystems" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-2659801473.mit-edu.top/post/2659801473/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/2659801473">Exploring Economic Externalities in Decentralized Mobile Game Ecosystems</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">The fusion of gaming and storytelling has birthed narrative-driven masterpieces that transport players on epic journeys filled with rich characters, moral dilemmas, and immersive worlds. Role-playing games (RPGs), interactive dramas, and story-driven adventures weave intricate narratives that resonate with players on emotional, intellectual, and narrative levels, blurring the line between gaming and literature.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://075706.mit-edu.top/post/2659801473" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/11.jpg" alt="Exploring Economic Externalities in Decentralized Mobile Game Ecosystems" title="Exploring Economic Externalities in Decentralized Mobile Game Ecosystems" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Jerry Fisher</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda