It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/4901278356

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Decentralized Finance Models in Blockchain-Based Game Economies #048658391331 (2025-01-31)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/4901278356">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Decentralized Finance Models in Blockchain-Based Game Economies" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Decentralized Finance Models in Blockchain-Based Game Economies #048658391331 (2025-01-31)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/4901278356" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T09:15:07Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Joyce Stevens" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Decentralized Finance Models in Blockchain-Based Game Economies #048658391331 (2025-01-31)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Joyce Stevens",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/4901278356"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T09:15:07Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/048658391331"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://144395.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "048658391331",
  52.            "abstract": "Decentralized Finance Models in Blockchain-Based Game Economies #048658391331 (2025-01-31)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Decentralized Finance Models in Blockchain-Based Game Economies",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Joyce Stevens",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T09:15:07Z",
  58.                "url": "https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/4901278356"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://144395.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/7.jpg" alt="Decentralized Finance Models in Blockchain-Based Game Economies" title="Decentralized Finance Models in Blockchain-Based Game Economies" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Joyce Stevens</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-01-31</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Decentralized Finance Models in Blockchain-Based Game Economies</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Joyce Stevens for contributing the article "Decentralized Finance Models in Blockchain-Based Game Economies".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg" alt="Decentralized Finance Models in Blockchain-Based Game Economies" title="Decentralized Finance Models in Blockchain-Based Game Economies" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>Mobile gaming has democratized access to gaming experiences, empowering billions of smartphone users to dive into a vast array of games ranging from casual puzzles to graphically intensive adventures. The portability and convenience of mobile devices have transformed downtime into playtime, allowing gamers to indulge their passion anytime, anywhere, with a tap of their fingertips.</p>
  100. <p>This research explores the intersection of mobile gaming and digital citizenship, with a focus on the ethical, social, and political implications of gaming in the digital age. Drawing on sociotechnical theory, the study examines how mobile games contribute to the development of civic behaviors, digital literacy, and ethical engagement in online communities. It also explores the role of mobile games in shaping identity, social responsibility, and participatory culture. The paper critically evaluates the positive and negative impacts of mobile games on digital citizenship, and offers policy recommendations for fostering ethical game design and responsible player behavior in the digital ecosystem.</p>
  101. <p>A Comparative Analysis This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of various monetization models in mobile gaming, including in-app purchases, advertisements, and subscription services. It compares the effectiveness and ethical considerations of each model, offering recommendations for developers and policymakers.</p>
  102. <p>This paper explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in predicting player behavior in mobile games. It focuses on how AI algorithms can analyze player data to forecast actions such as in-game purchases, playtime, and engagement. The research examines the potential of AI to enhance personalized gaming experiences, improve game design, and increase player retention rates.</p>
  103. <p>This paper examines the intersection of mobile games and behavioral economics, exploring how game mechanics can be used to influence economic decision-making and consumer behavior. Drawing on insights from psychology, game theory, and economics, the study analyzes how mobile games employ reward systems, uncertainty, risk-taking, and resource management to simulate real-world economic decisions. The research explores the potential for mobile games to be used as tools for teaching economic principles, as well as their role in shaping financial behavior in the digital economy. The paper also discusses the ethical considerations of using gamified elements in influencing players’ financial choices.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/4901278356" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://867562471901-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://689058637766-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://702148335082-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://339420698693-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://466132703028-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://951560794746-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://715675011734-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://005317112368-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://348713494061-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://562635136668-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://479706640422-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://762178324597-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://010777524495-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/4901278356" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://050102379596-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/4901278356" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://329888599667-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/4901278356" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://319869474484-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/4901278356" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://722672315203-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/4901278356" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://152029860846-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/4901278356" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://794242614982-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/4901278356" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://114634050362-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/4901278356" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?248233903327&amp;url=https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/4901278356" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?698087398762&amp;url=https://naver698087398762-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?267203528441&amp;url=https://naver267203528441-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?742085745643&amp;url=https://naver742085745643-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?383250576207&amp;url=https://naver383250576207-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?659594778987&amp;url=https://naver659594778987-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?561036364790&amp;url=https://naver561036364790-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?748478144094&amp;url=https://naver748478144094-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?561460116229&amp;url=https://naver561460116229-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?966335400257&amp;url=https://naver966335400257-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?161571928164&amp;url=https://naver161571928164-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?276808894538&amp;url=https://naver276808894538-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?079194800067&amp;url=https://naver079194800067-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-260086404194.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-083536343253.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-644740566574.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-225634132485.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-129545919383.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-330998410984.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-497646258213.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-704633077076.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-818916355129.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-755677048502.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-809516208090.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/4901278356" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-626238214881.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/4901278356" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-595446626588.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/4901278356" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-208118171704.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/4901278356" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-636015274718.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/4901278356" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-481139960871.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/4901278356" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-699770243855-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/4901278356" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-472854692706-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/4901278356" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-793880949927-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/4901278356" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/8256943701">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg" alt="Energy Optimization in Mobile Games Through Context-Aware Resource Allocation" title="Energy Optimization in Mobile Games Through Context-Aware Resource Allocation" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-8256943701.mit-edu.top/post/8256943701/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/8256943701">Energy Optimization in Mobile Games Through Context-Aware Resource Allocation</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the influence of cultural differences on mobile game preferences and playstyles, examining how cultural values, social norms, and gaming traditions shape player behavior and engagement. By drawing on cross-cultural psychology and international marketing research, the study compares player preferences across different regions, including East Asia, North America, and Europe. The research investigates how cultural factors influence choices in game genre, design aesthetics, social interaction, and in-game purchasing behavior. The study also discusses how game developers can design culturally sensitive games that appeal to global audiences while maintaining local relevance, offering strategies for localization and cross-cultural adaptation.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/8256943701" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/7.jpg" alt="Energy Optimization in Mobile Games Through Context-Aware Resource Allocation" title="Energy Optimization in Mobile Games Through Context-Aware Resource Allocation" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Kathleen Simmons</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/5406728319">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg" alt="Post-Quantum Cryptography Applications in Mobile Game Security Frameworks" title="Post-Quantum Cryptography Applications in Mobile Game Security Frameworks" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-5406728319.mit-edu.top/post/5406728319/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/5406728319">Post-Quantum Cryptography Applications in Mobile Game Security Frameworks</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This research conducts a comparative analysis of privacy policies and player awareness in mobile gaming apps, focusing on how game developers handle personal data, user consent, and data security. The study examines the transparency and comprehensiveness of privacy policies in popular mobile games, identifying common practices and discrepancies in data collection, storage, and sharing. Drawing on legal and ethical frameworks for data privacy, the paper investigates the implications of privacy violations for player trust, brand reputation, and regulatory compliance. The research also explores the role of player awareness in influencing privacy-related behaviors, offering recommendations for developers to improve transparency and empower players to make informed decisions regarding their data.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/5406728319" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/13.jpg" alt="Post-Quantum Cryptography Applications in Mobile Game Security Frameworks" title="Post-Quantum Cryptography Applications in Mobile Game Security Frameworks" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Stephen Hamilton</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/7154028639">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/16.jpg" alt="The Impact of Achievement Systems on Player Retention: A Multi-Dimensional Analysis" title="The Impact of Achievement Systems on Player Retention: A Multi-Dimensional Analysis" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-7154028639.mit-edu.top/post/7154028639/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/7154028639">The Impact of Achievement Systems on Player Retention: A Multi-Dimensional Analysis</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This paper applies semiotic analysis to the narratives and interactive elements within mobile games, focusing on how mobile games act as cultural artifacts that reflect and shape societal values, ideologies, and cultural norms. The study investigates how game developers use signs, symbols, and codes within mobile games to communicate meaning to players and how players interpret these signs in diverse cultural contexts. By analyzing various mobile games across genres, the paper explores the role of games in reinforcing or challenging cultural representations, identity politics, and the formation of global gaming cultures. The research offers a critique of the ways in which mobile games participate in the construction of collective cultural memory.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://144395.mit-edu.top/post/7154028639" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/20.jpg" alt="The Impact of Achievement Systems on Player Retention: A Multi-Dimensional Analysis" title="The Impact of Achievement Systems on Player Retention: A Multi-Dimensional Analysis" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Maria Anderson</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda