It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/1427536908

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Assessing the Impact of Educational Mobile Games on Literacy Rates in Developing Regions #968424466228 (2025-02-03)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/1427536908">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Assessing the Impact of Educational Mobile Games on Literacy Rates in Developing Regions" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Assessing the Impact of Educational Mobile Games on Literacy Rates in Developing Regions #968424466228 (2025-02-03)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/1427536908" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-03T12:57:29Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. James Williams" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Assessing the Impact of Educational Mobile Games on Literacy Rates in Developing Regions #968424466228 (2025-02-03)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. James Williams",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/1427536908"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-03T12:57:29Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/968424466228"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://166338.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "968424466228",
  52.            "abstract": "Assessing the Impact of Educational Mobile Games on Literacy Rates in Developing Regions #968424466228 (2025-02-03)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Assessing the Impact of Educational Mobile Games on Literacy Rates in Developing Regions",
  56.                "author": "Dr. James Williams",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-03T12:57:29Z",
  58.                "url": "https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/1427536908"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://166338.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/1.jpg" alt="Assessing the Impact of Educational Mobile Games on Literacy Rates in Developing Regions" title="Assessing the Impact of Educational Mobile Games on Literacy Rates in Developing Regions" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">James Williams</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-03</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Assessing the Impact of Educational Mobile Games on Literacy Rates in Developing Regions</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to James Williams for contributing the article "Assessing the Impact of Educational Mobile Games on Literacy Rates in Developing Regions".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="Assessing the Impact of Educational Mobile Games on Literacy Rates in Developing Regions" title="Assessing the Impact of Educational Mobile Games on Literacy Rates in Developing Regions" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This research examines the concept of psychological flow in the context of mobile game design, focusing on how game mechanics can be optimized to facilitate flow states in players. Drawing on Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi’s flow theory, the study analyzes the relationship between player skill, game difficulty, and intrinsic motivation in mobile games. The paper explores how factors such as feedback, challenge progression, and control mechanisms can be incorporated into game design to keep players engaged and motivated. It also examines the role of flow in improving long-term player retention and satisfaction, offering design recommendations for developers seeking to create more immersive and rewarding gaming experiences.</p>
  100. <p>This research explores the convergence of virtual reality (VR) and mobile games, investigating how VR technology is being integrated into mobile gaming experiences to create more immersive and interactive entertainment. The study examines the technical challenges and innovations involved in adapting VR for mobile platforms, including issues of motion tracking, hardware limitations, and player comfort. Drawing on theories of immersion, presence, and user experience, the paper investigates how mobile VR games enhance player engagement by providing a heightened sense of spatial awareness and interactive storytelling. The research also discusses the potential for VR to transform mobile gaming, offering predictions for the future of immersive entertainment in the mobile gaming sector.</p>
  101. <p>This study explores the role of user-generated content (UGC) in mobile games, focusing on how player-created game elements, such as levels, skins, and mods, contribute to game longevity and community engagement. The research examines how allowing players to create and share content within a game environment enhances player investment, creativity, and social interaction. Drawing on community-building theories and participatory culture, the paper investigates the challenges and benefits of incorporating UGC features into mobile games, including the technical, social, and legal considerations. The study also evaluates the potential for UGC to drive game evolution and extend the lifespan of mobile games by continually introducing fresh content.</p>
  102. <p>This research investigates the potential of mobile games as tools for political engagement and civic education, focusing on how game mechanics can be used to teach democratic values, political participation, and social activism. The study compares gamified civic education games across different cultures and political systems, analyzing their effectiveness in fostering political literacy, voter participation, and civic responsibility. By applying frameworks from political science and education theory, the paper assesses the impact of mobile games on shaping young people's political beliefs and behaviors, while also examining the ethical implications of using games for political socialization.</p>
  103. <p>Gaming culture has evolved into a vibrant and interconnected community where players from diverse backgrounds and cultures converge. They share strategies, forge lasting alliances, and engage in friendly competition, turning virtual friendships into real-world connections that span continents. Beyond gaming itself, this global community often rallies around charitable causes, organizing fundraising events, and using their collective influence for social good, showcasing the positive impact of gaming on society.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/1427536908" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://194288521654-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://540045232087-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://907456666194-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://947012567571-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://195303103849-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://516125610322-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://689336556087-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://497871833446-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://008140418342-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://008706456144-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://327772382197-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://238173383254-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://909514057824-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/1427536908" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://063372096904-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/1427536908" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://242578968910-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/1427536908" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://325108604932-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/1427536908" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://242833268415-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/1427536908" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://311103145665-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/1427536908" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://526910244428-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/1427536908" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://754606137248-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/1427536908" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?653129671373&amp;url=https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/1427536908" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?397740625185&amp;url=https://naver397740625185-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?708523498701&amp;url=https://naver708523498701-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?778806236010&amp;url=https://naver778806236010-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?073591171924&amp;url=https://naver073591171924-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?373144321102&amp;url=https://naver373144321102-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?835437535894&amp;url=https://naver835437535894-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?001104631956&amp;url=https://naver001104631956-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?388509782335&amp;url=https://naver388509782335-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?189678078288&amp;url=https://naver189678078288-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?652747485245&amp;url=https://naver652747485245-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?224467076933&amp;url=https://naver224467076933-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?841660525700&amp;url=https://naver841660525700-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-449073606052.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-850453838904.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-967537582490.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-850455741797.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-071972378021.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-870019194240.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-814083791988.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-115928105117.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-026551632030.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-400608410002.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-913434137892.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/1427536908" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-956269310370.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/1427536908" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-121132324767.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/1427536908" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-180970276892.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/1427536908" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-824851974087.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/1427536908" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-320796415512.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/1427536908" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-540229412998-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/1427536908" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-185594227307-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/1427536908" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-949590854877-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/1427536908" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/3752049168">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="Temporal Dynamics of Engagement in Episodic Game Releases" title="Temporal Dynamics of Engagement in Episodic Game Releases" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-3752049168.mit-edu.top/post/3752049168/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-03</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/3752049168">Temporal Dynamics of Engagement in Episodic Game Releases</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study investigates the privacy and data security issues associated with mobile gaming, focusing on data collection practices, user consent, and potential vulnerabilities. It proposes strategies for enhancing data protection and ensuring user privacy.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/3752049168" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/1.jpg" alt="Temporal Dynamics of Engagement in Episodic Game Releases" title="Temporal Dynamics of Engagement in Episodic Game Releases" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Jacqueline Foster</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-03 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/6075894321">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg" alt="Blockchain-Based Fraud Prevention in Mobile Game Microtransactions" title="Blockchain-Based Fraud Prevention in Mobile Game Microtransactions" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-6075894321.mit-edu.top/post/6075894321/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-03</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/6075894321">Blockchain-Based Fraud Prevention in Mobile Game Microtransactions</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This study explores the application of mobile games and gamification techniques in the workplace to enhance employee motivation, engagement, and productivity. The research examines how mobile games, particularly those designed for workplace environments, integrate elements such as leaderboards, rewards, and achievements to foster competition, collaboration, and goal-setting. Drawing on organizational behavior theory and motivation psychology, the paper investigates how gamification can improve employee performance, job satisfaction, and learning outcomes. The study also explores potential challenges, such as employee burnout, over-competitiveness, and the risk of game fatigue, and provides guidelines for designing effective and sustainable workplace gamification systems.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/6075894321" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="Blockchain-Based Fraud Prevention in Mobile Game Microtransactions" title="Blockchain-Based Fraud Prevention in Mobile Game Microtransactions" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Joyce Stevens</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-03 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/7689153204">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/15.jpg" alt="Neurocognitive Mechanisms Underpinning Decision Fatigue in Mobile Gaming" title="Neurocognitive Mechanisms Underpinning Decision Fatigue in Mobile Gaming" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-7689153204.mit-edu.top/post/7689153204/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-03</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/7689153204">Neurocognitive Mechanisms Underpinning Decision Fatigue in Mobile Gaming</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research examines how mobile gaming facilitates social interactions among players, focusing on community building, communication patterns, and the formation of virtual identities. It also considers the implications of mobile gaming on social behavior and relationships.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://166338.mit-edu.top/post/7689153204" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="Neurocognitive Mechanisms Underpinning Decision Fatigue in Mobile Gaming" title="Neurocognitive Mechanisms Underpinning Decision Fatigue in Mobile Gaming" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Benjamin Powell</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-03 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda