It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/4023197568

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>The Cultural Impact of Augmented Reality in Place-Based Mobile Games #518508315558 (2025-02-07)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/4023197568">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="The Cultural Impact of Augmented Reality in Place-Based Mobile Games" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="The Cultural Impact of Augmented Reality in Place-Based Mobile Games #518508315558 (2025-02-07)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/4023197568" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/16.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-07T13:43:20Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. David Hernandez" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "The Cultural Impact of Augmented Reality in Place-Based Mobile Games #518508315558 (2025-02-07)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. David Hernandez",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/4023197568"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-07T13:43:20Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/16.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/518508315558"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://168687.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "518508315558",
  52.            "abstract": "The Cultural Impact of Augmented Reality in Place-Based Mobile Games #518508315558 (2025-02-07)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "The Cultural Impact of Augmented Reality in Place-Based Mobile Games",
  56.                "author": "Dr. David Hernandez",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-07T13:43:20Z",
  58.                "url": "https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/4023197568"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://168687.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/12.jpg" alt="The Cultural Impact of Augmented Reality in Place-Based Mobile Games" title="The Cultural Impact of Augmented Reality in Place-Based Mobile Games" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">David Hernandez</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-07</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">The Cultural Impact of Augmented Reality in Place-Based Mobile Games</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to David Hernandez for contributing the article "The Cultural Impact of Augmented Reality in Place-Based Mobile Games".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/16.jpg" alt="The Cultural Impact of Augmented Reality in Place-Based Mobile Games" title="The Cultural Impact of Augmented Reality in Place-Based Mobile Games" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>The gaming industry's commercial landscape is fiercely competitive, with companies employing diverse monetization strategies such as microtransactions, downloadable content (DLC), and subscription models to sustain and grow their player bases. Balancing player engagement with revenue generation is a delicate dance that requires thoughtful design and consideration of player feedback.</p>
  100. <p>This study presents a multidimensional framework for understanding the diverse motivations that drive player engagement across different mobile game genres. By drawing on Self-Determination Theory (SDT), the research examines how intrinsic and extrinsic motivation factors—such as achievement, autonomy, social interaction, and competition—affect player behavior and satisfaction. The paper explores how various game genres (e.g., casual, role-playing, and strategy games) tailor their game mechanics to cater to different motivational drivers. It also evaluates how player motivation impacts retention, in-game purchases, and long-term player loyalty, offering a deeper understanding of game design principles and their role in shaping player experiences.</p>
  101. <p>The quest for achievements and trophies fuels the drive for mastery, pushing gamers to hone their skills and conquer challenges that once seemed insurmountable. Whether completing 100% of a game's objectives or achieving top rankings in competitive modes, the pursuit of virtual accolades reflects a thirst for excellence and a desire to push boundaries. The sense of accomplishment that comes with unlocking achievements drives players to continually improve and excel in their gaming endeavors.</p>
  102. <p>This research explores how mobile games contribute to the development of digital literacy skills among young players. It looks at how games can teach skills such as problem-solving, critical thinking, and technology literacy, and how these skills transfer to real-world applications. The study also considers the potential risks associated with mobile gaming, including exposure to online predators and the spread of misinformation, and suggests strategies for promoting safe and effective gaming.</p>
  103. <p>This paper provides a comparative analysis of the various monetization strategies employed in mobile games, focusing on in-app purchases (IAP) and advertising revenue models. The research investigates the economic impact of these models on both developers and players, examining their effectiveness in generating sustainable revenue while maintaining player satisfaction. Drawing on marketing theory, behavioral economics, and user experience research, the study evaluates the trade-offs between IAPs, ad placements, and player retention. The paper also explores the ethical concerns surrounding monetization practices, particularly regarding player exploitation, pay-to-win mechanics, and the impact on children and vulnerable audiences.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/4023197568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://090234988592-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://800517563386-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://776856266380-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://789538728780-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://436875443028-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://744473451315-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://288166119896-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://341754638176-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://422653182099-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://610690335411-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://874781423699-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://908207179238-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://372813000478-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/4023197568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://611080981802-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/4023197568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://620544381562-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/4023197568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://872910872080-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/4023197568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://089269522576-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/4023197568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://914071368650-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/4023197568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://638836944870-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/4023197568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://723970662179-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/4023197568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?305260234118&amp;url=https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/4023197568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?803290372779&amp;url=https://naver803290372779-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?736954984401&amp;url=https://naver736954984401-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?535057838167&amp;url=https://naver535057838167-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?204471455140&amp;url=https://naver204471455140-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?549080244749&amp;url=https://naver549080244749-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?422348079426&amp;url=https://naver422348079426-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?661186130039&amp;url=https://naver661186130039-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?063437480615&amp;url=https://naver063437480615-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?522464121249&amp;url=https://naver522464121249-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?853867873127&amp;url=https://naver853867873127-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?865937499746&amp;url=https://naver865937499746-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?159373369656&amp;url=https://naver159373369656-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-333746432026.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-866830555493.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-829895428802.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-446748435018.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-064614006086.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-539319653238.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-171672489940.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-350059602544.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-500833740908.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-256151296301.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-262526987960.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/4023197568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-245335151866.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/4023197568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-095625842095.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/4023197568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-683380414948.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/4023197568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-463650250812.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/4023197568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-406606275614.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/4023197568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-655149096351-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/4023197568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-486468708479-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/4023197568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-097658024548-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/4023197568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/3870154926">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/16.jpg" alt="Quantum-Safe Cryptography for Future-Proof Mobile Gaming Ecosystems" title="Quantum-Safe Cryptography for Future-Proof Mobile Gaming Ecosystems" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-3870154926.mit-edu.top/post/3870154926/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-07</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/3870154926">Quantum-Safe Cryptography for Future-Proof Mobile Gaming Ecosystems</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This research explores the intersection of mobile gaming and digital citizenship, with a focus on the ethical, social, and political implications of gaming in the digital age. Drawing on sociotechnical theory, the study examines how mobile games contribute to the development of civic behaviors, digital literacy, and ethical engagement in online communities. It also explores the role of mobile games in shaping identity, social responsibility, and participatory culture. The paper critically evaluates the positive and negative impacts of mobile games on digital citizenship, and offers policy recommendations for fostering ethical game design and responsible player behavior in the digital ecosystem.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/3870154926" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/12.jpg" alt="Quantum-Safe Cryptography for Future-Proof Mobile Gaming Ecosystems" title="Quantum-Safe Cryptography for Future-Proof Mobile Gaming Ecosystems" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Benjamin Powell</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-07 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/6809415327">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/20.jpg" alt="Advances in Anti-Cheat Technologies for Competitive Mobile Games" title="Advances in Anti-Cheat Technologies for Competitive Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-6809415327.mit-edu.top/post/6809415327/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-07</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/6809415327">Advances in Anti-Cheat Technologies for Competitive Mobile Games</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">Gaming has become a universal language, transcending geographical boundaries and language barriers. It allows players from all walks of life to connect, communicate, and collaborate through shared experiences, fostering friendships that span the globe. The rise of online multiplayer gaming has further strengthened these connections, enabling players to form communities, join guilds, and participate in global events, creating a sense of camaraderie and belonging in a digital world.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/6809415327" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="Advances in Anti-Cheat Technologies for Competitive Mobile Games" title="Advances in Anti-Cheat Technologies for Competitive Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Stephen Hamilton</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-07 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/8635410972">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" alt="Quantum Computing in Mobile Gaming: Opportunities and Challenges" title="Quantum Computing in Mobile Gaming: Opportunities and Challenges" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-8635410972.mit-edu.top/post/8635410972/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-07</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/8635410972">Quantum Computing in Mobile Gaming: Opportunities and Challenges</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This study applies social psychology theories to understand how group identity and collective behavior are formed and manifested within multiplayer mobile games. The research investigates the ways in which players form alliances, establish group norms, and engage in cooperative or competitive behaviors. By analyzing case studies of popular multiplayer mobile games, the paper explores the role of ingroups and outgroups, social influence, and group polarization within game environments. It also examines the psychological effects of online social interaction in gaming communities, discussing how mobile games foster both prosocial behavior and toxic interactions within groups.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://168687.mit-edu.top/post/8635410972" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="Quantum Computing in Mobile Gaming: Opportunities and Challenges" title="Quantum Computing in Mobile Gaming: Opportunities and Challenges" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Judith Mitchell</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-07 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda