It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/4085129763

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Leveraging AR Mechanics to Teach Real-World Skills Through Gamification #869461391225 (2025-01-31)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/4085129763">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Leveraging AR Mechanics to Teach Real-World Skills Through Gamification" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Leveraging AR Mechanics to Teach Real-World Skills Through Gamification #869461391225 (2025-01-31)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/4085129763" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/11.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T08:56:13Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Karen Harris" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Leveraging AR Mechanics to Teach Real-World Skills Through Gamification #869461391225 (2025-01-31)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Karen Harris",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/4085129763"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T08:56:13Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/11.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/869461391225"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://201003.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "869461391225",
  52.            "abstract": "Leveraging AR Mechanics to Teach Real-World Skills Through Gamification #869461391225 (2025-01-31)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Leveraging AR Mechanics to Teach Real-World Skills Through Gamification",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Karen Harris",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T08:56:13Z",
  58.                "url": "https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/4085129763"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://201003.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/16.jpg" alt="Leveraging AR Mechanics to Teach Real-World Skills Through Gamification" title="Leveraging AR Mechanics to Teach Real-World Skills Through Gamification" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Karen Harris</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-01-31</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Leveraging AR Mechanics to Teach Real-World Skills Through Gamification</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Karen Harris for contributing the article "Leveraging AR Mechanics to Teach Real-World Skills Through Gamification".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/11.jpg" alt="Leveraging AR Mechanics to Teach Real-World Skills Through Gamification" title="Leveraging AR Mechanics to Teach Real-World Skills Through Gamification" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This paper focuses on the cybersecurity risks associated with mobile games, specifically exploring how game applications collect, store, and share player data. The study examines the security vulnerabilities inherent in mobile gaming platforms, such as data breaches, unauthorized access, and exploitation of user information. Drawing on frameworks from cybersecurity research and privacy law, the paper investigates the implications of mobile game data collection on user privacy and the broader implications for digital identity protection. The research also provides policy recommendations for improving the security and privacy protocols in the mobile gaming industry, ensuring that players’ data is adequately protected.</p>
  100. <p>The allure of virtual worlds is undeniably powerful, drawing players into immersive realms where they can become anything from heroic warriors wielding enchanted swords to cunning strategists orchestrating grand schemes of conquest and diplomacy. These virtual environments transcend the mundane, offering players a chance to escape into fantastical realms filled with mythical creatures, ancient ruins, and untold mysteries waiting to be uncovered. Whether embarking on epic quests to save the realm from impending doom or engaging in fierce PvP battles against rival factions, the appeal of stepping into a digital persona and shaping their destiny is a driving force behind the gaming phenomenon.</p>
  101. <p>This paper presents a sociocultural analysis of the representation of gender, race, and identity in mobile games. It explores how mobile games construct social identities through character design, narrative framing, and player interaction. The research examines the ways in which game developers can either reinforce or challenge societal stereotypes and cultural norms, with a particular focus on gender dynamics in both player avatars and character roles. Drawing on critical theories of representation, postcolonial studies, and feminist media studies, the study explores the implications of these representations for player self-perception and broader societal trends related to gender equality and diversity.</p>
  102. <p>This research investigates the use of mobile games in health interventions, particularly in promoting positive health behavior changes such as physical activity, nutrition, and mental well-being. The study examines how gamification elements such as progress tracking, rewards, and challenges can be integrated into mobile health apps to increase user motivation and adherence to healthy behaviors. Drawing on behavioral psychology and health promotion theories, the paper explores the effectiveness of mobile games in influencing health-related outcomes and discusses the potential for using game mechanics to target specific health issues, such as obesity, stress management, and smoking cessation. The research also considers the ethical implications of using gaming techniques in health interventions, focusing on privacy concerns, user consent, and data security.</p>
  103. <p>This study examines the growing trend of fitness-related mobile games, which use game mechanics to motivate players to engage in physical activities. It evaluates the effectiveness of these games in promoting healthier behaviors and increasing physical activity levels. The paper also investigates the psychological factors behind players’ motivation to exercise through games and explores the future potential of fitness gamification in public health campaigns.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/4085129763" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://588081129782-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://877556871791-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://688042991809-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://022900288933-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://621890069863-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://163254156457-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://475278640720-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://827714121446-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://962607355883-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://747829902784-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://196341038208-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://034622997689-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://670949368993-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/4085129763" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://197927820293-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/4085129763" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://482251119214-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/4085129763" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://140040350052-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/4085129763" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://735864113438-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/4085129763" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://550471886980-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/4085129763" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://026022205892-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/4085129763" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://303656501659-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/4085129763" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?847446548241&amp;url=https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/4085129763" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?472051291566&amp;url=https://naver472051291566-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?217483368112&amp;url=https://naver217483368112-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?767691839045&amp;url=https://naver767691839045-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?164320052790&amp;url=https://naver164320052790-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?127938215984&amp;url=https://naver127938215984-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?068973599922&amp;url=https://naver068973599922-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?938217220913&amp;url=https://naver938217220913-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?845333840648&amp;url=https://naver845333840648-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?997980283004&amp;url=https://naver997980283004-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?837839213846&amp;url=https://naver837839213846-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?230294193992&amp;url=https://naver230294193992-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?910321705498&amp;url=https://naver910321705498-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-310605328358.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-867257449581.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-652202143113.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-746581377192.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-837785951272.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-496708173832.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-969688971740.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-345563702483.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-201684871740.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-537712746392.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-773021451510.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/4085129763" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-097171125806.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/4085129763" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-181721099301.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/4085129763" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-546707707524.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/4085129763" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-737328936118.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/4085129763" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-318258313083.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/4085129763" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-864626090822-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/4085129763" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-626247179905-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/4085129763" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-736145422984-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/4085129763" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/1735924806">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/11.jpg" alt="Economic Equilibria in Decentralized Player-Driven Marketplaces" title="Economic Equilibria in Decentralized Player-Driven Marketplaces" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-1735924806.mit-edu.top/post/1735924806/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/1735924806">Economic Equilibria in Decentralized Player-Driven Marketplaces</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">Mobile gaming has democratized access to gaming experiences, empowering billions of smartphone users to dive into a vast array of games ranging from casual puzzles to graphically intensive adventures. The portability and convenience of mobile devices have transformed downtime into playtime, allowing gamers to indulge their passion anytime, anywhere, with a tap of their fingertips.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/1735924806" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/16.jpg" alt="Economic Equilibria in Decentralized Player-Driven Marketplaces" title="Economic Equilibria in Decentralized Player-Driven Marketplaces" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Jason Morris</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/9376240518">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/15.jpg" alt="Crowdsourced Environment Mapping for Massively Multiplayer AR Games" title="Crowdsourced Environment Mapping for Massively Multiplayer AR Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-9376240518.mit-edu.top/post/9376240518/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/9376240518">Crowdsourced Environment Mapping for Massively Multiplayer AR Games</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper investigates the role of user-generated content (UGC) in mobile gaming, focusing on how players contribute to game design, content creation, and community-driven innovation. By employing theories of participatory design and collaborative creation, the study examines how game developers empower users to create, modify, and share game content such as levels, skins, and in-game items. The research also evaluates the social dynamics and intellectual property challenges associated with UGC, proposing a model for balancing creative freedom with fair compensation and legal protection in the mobile gaming industry.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/9376240518" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/6.jpg" alt="Crowdsourced Environment Mapping for Massively Multiplayer AR Games" title="Crowdsourced Environment Mapping for Massively Multiplayer AR Games" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Carol Campbell</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/1058679324">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/15.jpg" alt="Digital Storytelling for Social Change: Case Studies in Mobile Gaming" title="Digital Storytelling for Social Change: Case Studies in Mobile Gaming" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-1058679324.mit-edu.top/post/1058679324/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/1058679324">Digital Storytelling for Social Change: Case Studies in Mobile Gaming</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">Game developers are the visionary architects behind the mesmerizing worlds and captivating narratives that define modern gaming experiences. Their tireless innovation and creativity have propelled the industry forward, delivering groundbreaking titles that blur the line between reality and fantasy, leaving players awestruck and eager for the next technological marvel.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://201003.mit-edu.top/post/1058679324" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/1.jpg" alt="Digital Storytelling for Social Change: Case Studies in Mobile Gaming" title="Digital Storytelling for Social Change: Case Studies in Mobile Gaming" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Margaret Allen</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda