It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/9413268075

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Designing Games for Space-Based Applications: Low-Latency Challenges and Solutions #360085581892 (2025-02-06)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/9413268075">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Designing Games for Space-Based Applications: Low-Latency Challenges and Solutions" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Designing Games for Space-Based Applications: Low-Latency Challenges and Solutions #360085581892 (2025-02-06)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/9413268075" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-05T18:54:28Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Larry Sanders" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Designing Games for Space-Based Applications: Low-Latency Challenges and Solutions #360085581892 (2025-02-06)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Larry Sanders",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/9413268075"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-05T18:54:28Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/360085581892"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://253203.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "360085581892",
  52.            "abstract": "Designing Games for Space-Based Applications: Low-Latency Challenges and Solutions #360085581892 (2025-02-06)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Designing Games for Space-Based Applications: Low-Latency Challenges and Solutions",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Larry Sanders",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-05T18:54:28Z",
  58.                "url": "https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/9413268075"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://253203.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/4.jpg" alt="Designing Games for Space-Based Applications: Low-Latency Challenges and Solutions" title="Designing Games for Space-Based Applications: Low-Latency Challenges and Solutions" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Larry Sanders</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-06</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Designing Games for Space-Based Applications: Low-Latency Challenges and Solutions</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Larry Sanders for contributing the article "Designing Games for Space-Based Applications: Low-Latency Challenges and Solutions".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="Designing Games for Space-Based Applications: Low-Latency Challenges and Solutions" title="Designing Games for Space-Based Applications: Low-Latency Challenges and Solutions" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>The storytelling in video games has matured into an art form, offering players complex narratives filled with rich characters, moral dilemmas, and emotionally resonant experiences that rival those found in literature and cinema. Players are no longer passive consumers but active participants in interactive narratives, shaping the outcome of stories through their choices and actions. This interactive storytelling blurs the line between player and protagonist, creating deeply personal and immersive narratives that leave a lasting impact.</p>
  100. <p>Game streaming platforms like Twitch, YouTube Gaming, and Mixer have revolutionized how gamers consume and interact with gaming content, turning everyday players into content creators, influencers, and entertainers. Livestreamed gameplay, interactive chats, and community engagement redefine the gaming experience, transforming passive consumption into dynamic, participatory entertainment.</p>
  101. <p>This research examines how mobile games facilitate the creation and exploration of digital identities through avatars and personalized in-game experiences. The study investigates the psychological and sociocultural effects of avatar customization, including how players express aspects of their personality, race, gender, and social identity in virtual environments. Drawing on theories of identity formation, social psychology, and media studies, the paper explores how mobile games can influence players' self-concept, self-esteem, and social interactions both within and outside of game worlds. The research also addresses the ethical implications of identity representation in games, particularly with regard to inclusivity and the reinforcement of social stereotypes.</p>
  102. <p>This paper explores the increasing integration of social media features in mobile games, such as in-game sharing, leaderboards, and social network connectivity. It examines how these features influence player behavior, community engagement, and the overall gaming experience. The research also discusses the benefits and challenges of incorporating social elements into games, particularly in terms of user privacy, data sharing, and online safety.</p>
  103. <p>Gaming events and conventions serve as epicenters of excitement and celebration, where developers unveil new titles, showcase cutting-edge technology, host competitive tournaments, and connect with fans face-to-face. Events like E3, Gamescom, and PAX are not just gatherings but cultural phenomena that unite gaming enthusiasts in shared anticipation, excitement, and camaraderie.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/9413268075" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://161783229650-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://180175895792-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://880632949027-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://340306424432-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://911591879933-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://137049884814-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://457800192251-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://339223537341-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://329701246937-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://946261404437-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://790525667637-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://752456141878-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://018551230383-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/9413268075" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://859522308643-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/9413268075" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://268355156012-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/9413268075" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://135273559411-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/9413268075" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://751616943878-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/9413268075" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://394095219836-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/9413268075" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://182134209461-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/9413268075" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://065443383793-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/9413268075" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?314397916239&amp;url=https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/9413268075" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?650607704358&amp;url=https://naver650607704358-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?787066398838&amp;url=https://naver787066398838-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?630253229389&amp;url=https://naver630253229389-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?160505473180&amp;url=https://naver160505473180-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?829603576501&amp;url=https://naver829603576501-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?823862789739&amp;url=https://naver823862789739-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?377795777748&amp;url=https://naver377795777748-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?095645738115&amp;url=https://naver095645738115-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?493366304074&amp;url=https://naver493366304074-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?542316115770&amp;url=https://naver542316115770-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?254165605941&amp;url=https://naver254165605941-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?671079533774&amp;url=https://naver671079533774-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-495963098505.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-166650828936.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-980257696292.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-602552068624.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-706609297323.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-093723083239.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-446208789350.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-380112411884.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-192516450081.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-959995023034.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-386565984135.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/9413268075" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-771789985985.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/9413268075" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-488782110877.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/9413268075" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-365879357435.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/9413268075" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-424012560339.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/9413268075" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-551638474052.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/9413268075" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-998641284696-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/9413268075" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-942986941015-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/9413268075" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-853358558312-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/9413268075" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/4206831579">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="The Psychological Impact of Mobile Games on Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study" title="The Psychological Impact of Mobile Games on Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-4206831579.mit-edu.top/post/4206831579/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-06</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/4206831579">The Psychological Impact of Mobile Games on Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This research explores the role of big data and analytics in shaping mobile game development, particularly in optimizing player experience, game mechanics, and monetization strategies. The study examines how game developers collect and analyze data from players, including gameplay behavior, in-app purchases, and social interactions, to make data-driven decisions that improve game design and player engagement. Drawing on data science and game analytics, the paper investigates the ethical considerations of data collection, privacy issues, and the use of player data in decision-making. The research also discusses the potential risks of over-reliance on data-driven design, such as homogenization of game experiences and neglect of creative innovation.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/4206831579" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/4.jpg" alt="The Psychological Impact of Mobile Games on Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study" title="The Psychological Impact of Mobile Games on Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Stephen Hamilton</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-06 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/2386179504">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/6.jpg" alt="The Efficacy of Adaptive Learning Mechanisms in Game-Based Education Systems" title="The Efficacy of Adaptive Learning Mechanisms in Game-Based Education Systems" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-2386179504.mit-edu.top/post/2386179504/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-06</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/2386179504">The Efficacy of Adaptive Learning Mechanisms in Game-Based Education Systems</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This research explores the intersection of mobile gaming and digital citizenship, with a focus on the ethical, social, and political implications of gaming in the digital age. Drawing on sociotechnical theory, the study examines how mobile games contribute to the development of civic behaviors, digital literacy, and ethical engagement in online communities. It also explores the role of mobile games in shaping identity, social responsibility, and participatory culture. The paper critically evaluates the positive and negative impacts of mobile games on digital citizenship, and offers policy recommendations for fostering ethical game design and responsible player behavior in the digital ecosystem.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/2386179504" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="The Efficacy of Adaptive Learning Mechanisms in Game-Based Education Systems" title="The Efficacy of Adaptive Learning Mechanisms in Game-Based Education Systems" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Jacob Murphy</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-06 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/0917832654">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg" alt="Optimizing Blockchain Scalability for Mass Adoption in Mobile Games" title="Optimizing Blockchain Scalability for Mass Adoption in Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-0917832654.mit-edu.top/post/0917832654/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-06</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/0917832654">Optimizing Blockchain Scalability for Mass Adoption in Mobile Games</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research explores the role of reward systems and progression mechanics in mobile games and their impact on long-term player retention. The study examines how rewards such as achievements, virtual goods, and experience points are designed to keep players engaged over extended periods, addressing the challenges of player churn. Drawing on theories of motivation, reinforcement schedules, and behavioral conditioning, the paper investigates how different reward structures, such as intermittent reinforcement and variable rewards, influence player behavior and retention rates. The research also considers how developers can balance reward-driven engagement with the need for game content variety and novelty to sustain player interest.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://253203.mit-edu.top/post/0917832654" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/14.jpg" alt="Optimizing Blockchain Scalability for Mass Adoption in Mobile Games" title="Optimizing Blockchain Scalability for Mass Adoption in Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Cynthia Bailey</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-06 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda