It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/7625138904

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Contrastive Representation Learning for Enhancing AI Adaptability in Open-World Games #910405058771 (2025-02-01)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/7625138904">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Contrastive Representation Learning for Enhancing AI Adaptability in Open-World Games" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Contrastive Representation Learning for Enhancing AI Adaptability in Open-World Games #910405058771 (2025-02-01)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/7625138904" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/18.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-01T06:51:18Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Evelyn Griffin" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Contrastive Representation Learning for Enhancing AI Adaptability in Open-World Games #910405058771 (2025-02-01)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Evelyn Griffin",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/7625138904"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-01T06:51:18Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/18.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/910405058771"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://275037.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "910405058771",
  52.            "abstract": "Contrastive Representation Learning for Enhancing AI Adaptability in Open-World Games #910405058771 (2025-02-01)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Contrastive Representation Learning for Enhancing AI Adaptability in Open-World Games",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Evelyn Griffin",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-01T06:51:18Z",
  58.                "url": "https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/7625138904"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://275037.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/19.jpg" alt="Contrastive Representation Learning for Enhancing AI Adaptability in Open-World Games" title="Contrastive Representation Learning for Enhancing AI Adaptability in Open-World Games" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Evelyn Griffin</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-01</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Contrastive Representation Learning for Enhancing AI Adaptability in Open-World Games</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Evelyn Griffin for contributing the article "Contrastive Representation Learning for Enhancing AI Adaptability in Open-World Games".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/18.jpg" alt="Contrastive Representation Learning for Enhancing AI Adaptability in Open-World Games" title="Contrastive Representation Learning for Enhancing AI Adaptability in Open-World Games" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This research explores the potential of blockchain technology to transform the digital economy of mobile games by enabling secure, transparent ownership of in-game assets. The study examines how blockchain can be used to facilitate the creation, trading, and ownership of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) within mobile games, allowing players to buy, sell, and trade unique digital items. Drawing on blockchain technology, game design, and economic theory, the paper investigates the implications of decentralized ownership for game economies, player rights, and digital scarcity. The research also considers the challenges of implementing blockchain in mobile games, including scalability, transaction costs, and the environmental impact of blockchain mining.</p>
  100. <p>Esports, the competitive gaming phenomenon, has experienced an unprecedented surge in popularity, evolving into a multi-billion-dollar industry with professional players competing for lucrative prize pools in tournaments watched by millions of viewers worldwide. The rise of esports has not only elevated gaming to a mainstream spectacle but has also paved the way for new career opportunities and avenues for aspiring gamers to showcase their skills on a global stage.</p>
  101. <p>This study analyzes the psychological effects of competitive mechanics in mobile games, focusing on how competition influences player motivation, achievement, and social interaction. The research examines how competitive elements, such as leaderboards, tournaments, and player-vs-player (PvP) modes, drive player engagement and foster a sense of accomplishment. Drawing on motivation theory, social comparison theory, and achievement goal theory, the paper explores how different types of competition—intrinsic vs. extrinsic, cooperative vs. adversarial—affect player behavior and satisfaction. The study also investigates the potential negative effects of competitive play, such as stress, frustration, and toxic behavior, offering recommendations for designing healthy, fair, and inclusive competitive environments in mobile games.</p>
  102. <p>This paper examines the rise of cross-platform mobile gaming, where players can access the same game on multiple devices, such as smartphones, tablets, and PCs. It analyzes the technologies that enable seamless cross-platform play, including cloud synchronization and platform-agnostic development tools. The research also evaluates how cross-platform compatibility enhances user experience, providing greater flexibility and reducing barriers to entry for players.</p>
  103. <p>This study examines the psychological effects of mobile game addiction, including its impact on mental health, social relationships, and academic performance. It also explores societal perceptions of gaming addiction and discusses potential interventions and preventive measures.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/7625138904" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://474752553159-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://547382514354-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://286091738203-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://559864728467-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://719254673382-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://465296641628-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://091947729645-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://103532778308-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://972134044239-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://011985596940-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://128058856070-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://474998809097-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://657242355161-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/7625138904" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://046644691191-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/7625138904" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://981981747471-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/7625138904" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://707213418183-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/7625138904" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://552762950049-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/7625138904" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://213061132964-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/7625138904" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://306114479745-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/7625138904" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://931945977273-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/7625138904" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?487784115737&amp;url=https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/7625138904" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?274148742846&amp;url=https://naver274148742846-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?433160519387&amp;url=https://naver433160519387-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?899372190515&amp;url=https://naver899372190515-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?489674217633&amp;url=https://naver489674217633-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?685523302349&amp;url=https://naver685523302349-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?659600159116&amp;url=https://naver659600159116-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?547300669122&amp;url=https://naver547300669122-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?562807862733&amp;url=https://naver562807862733-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?758660324054&amp;url=https://naver758660324054-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?121144391671&amp;url=https://naver121144391671-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?458631006973&amp;url=https://naver458631006973-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?906411934048&amp;url=https://naver906411934048-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-587655891664.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-875562963505.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-698003962727.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-317474861317.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-604054524435.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-731904735573.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-969001871277.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-730274757958.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-321979376376.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-463681364492.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-867663406694.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/7625138904" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-531269805264.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/7625138904" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-300849136992.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/7625138904" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-233893256472.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/7625138904" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-363890220315.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/7625138904" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-329018342622.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/7625138904" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-957605832211-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/7625138904" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-244385918810-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/7625138904" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-744907102962-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/7625138904" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/7015986342">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/18.jpg" alt="Modeling Player Behavior in Decentralized Virtual Economies" title="Modeling Player Behavior in Decentralized Virtual Economies" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-7015986342.mit-edu.top/post/7015986342/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/7015986342">Modeling Player Behavior in Decentralized Virtual Economies</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">The symphony of gaming unfolds in a crescendo of controller clicks, keyboard clacks, and the occasional victorious shout that pierces through the virtual silence, marking triumphs and milestones in the digital realm. Every input, every action taken by players contributes to the immersive experience of gaming, creating a symphony of sights, sounds, and emotions that transport them to fantastical realms and engaging adventures. Whether exploring serene landscapes, engaging in intense combat, or unraveling compelling narratives, the interactive nature of gaming fosters a deep sense of engagement and immersion, making each gaming session a memorable journey.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/7015986342" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/19.jpg" alt="Modeling Player Behavior in Decentralized Virtual Economies" title="Modeling Player Behavior in Decentralized Virtual Economies" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Benjamin Powell</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/9807614325">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/16.jpg" alt="Privacy-Preserving Techniques in Mobile Game Data Analytics Using Federated Learning" title="Privacy-Preserving Techniques in Mobile Game Data Analytics Using Federated Learning" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-9807614325.mit-edu.top/post/9807614325/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/9807614325">Privacy-Preserving Techniques in Mobile Game Data Analytics Using Federated Learning</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This research critically analyzes the representation of diverse cultures, identities, and experiences in mobile games. It explores how game developers approach diversity and inclusion, from character design to narrative themes. The study discusses the challenges of creating culturally sensitive content while ensuring broad market appeal and the potential social impact of inclusive mobile game design.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/9807614325" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/15.jpg" alt="Privacy-Preserving Techniques in Mobile Game Data Analytics Using Federated Learning" title="Privacy-Preserving Techniques in Mobile Game Data Analytics Using Federated Learning" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Edward Roberts</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/8502679143">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg" alt="The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior" title="The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-8502679143.mit-edu.top/post/8502679143/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/8502679143">The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This paper investigates the impact of user-centric design principles in mobile games, focusing on how personalization and customization options influence player satisfaction and engagement. The research analyzes how mobile games employ features such as personalized avatars, dynamic content, and adaptive difficulty settings to cater to individual player preferences. By applying frameworks from human-computer interaction (HCI), motivation theory, and user experience (UX) design, the study explores how these design elements contribute to increased player retention, emotional attachment, and long-term engagement. The paper also considers the challenges of balancing personalization with accessibility, ensuring that customization does not exclude or frustrate diverse player groups.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://275037.mit-edu.top/post/8502679143" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/20.jpg" alt="The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior" title="The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Amanda Evans</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda