It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/3659027481

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Machine Vision for Object Recognition in AR Game Interactions #803626815626 (2025-01-31)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/3659027481">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Machine Vision for Object Recognition in AR Game Interactions" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Machine Vision for Object Recognition in AR Game Interactions #803626815626 (2025-01-31)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/3659027481" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/15.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T06:45:17Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Martha Perry" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Machine Vision for Object Recognition in AR Game Interactions #803626815626 (2025-01-31)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Martha Perry",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/3659027481"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T06:45:17Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/15.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/803626815626"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://295806.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "803626815626",
  52.            "abstract": "Machine Vision for Object Recognition in AR Game Interactions #803626815626 (2025-01-31)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Machine Vision for Object Recognition in AR Game Interactions",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Martha Perry",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T06:45:17Z",
  58.                "url": "https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/3659027481"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://295806.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/14.jpg" alt="Machine Vision for Object Recognition in AR Game Interactions" title="Machine Vision for Object Recognition in AR Game Interactions" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Martha Perry</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-01-31</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Machine Vision for Object Recognition in AR Game Interactions</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Martha Perry for contributing the article "Machine Vision for Object Recognition in AR Game Interactions".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/15.jpg" alt="Machine Vision for Object Recognition in AR Game Interactions" title="Machine Vision for Object Recognition in AR Game Interactions" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This study examines the impact of cognitive load on player performance and enjoyment in mobile games, particularly those with complex gameplay mechanics. The research investigates how different levels of complexity, such as multitasking, resource management, and strategic decision-making, influence players' cognitive processes and emotional responses. Drawing on cognitive load theory and flow theory, the paper explores how game designers can optimize the balance between challenge and skill to enhance player engagement and enjoyment. The study also evaluates how players' cognitive load varies with game genre, such as puzzle games, action games, and role-playing games, providing recommendations for designing games that promote optimal cognitive engagement.</p>
  100. <p>This research applies behavioral economics theories to the analysis of in-game purchasing behavior in mobile games, exploring how psychological factors such as loss aversion, framing effects, and the endowment effect influence players' spending decisions. The study investigates the role of game design in encouraging or discouraging spending behavior, particularly within free-to-play models that rely on microtransactions. The paper examines how developers use pricing strategies, scarcity mechanisms, and rewards to motivate players to make purchases, and how these strategies impact player satisfaction, long-term retention, and overall game profitability. The research also considers the ethical concerns associated with in-game purchases, particularly in relation to vulnerable players.</p>
  101. <p>This paper explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in mobile game design to enhance player experience through adaptive gameplay systems. The study focuses on how AI-driven algorithms adjust game difficulty, narrative progression, and player interaction based on individual player behavior, preferences, and skill levels. Drawing on theories of personalized learning, machine learning, and human-computer interaction, the research investigates the potential for AI to create more immersive and personalized gaming experiences. The paper also examines the ethical considerations of AI in games, particularly concerning data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the manipulation of player behavior.</p>
  102. <p>This study investigates how mobile games can encourage physical activity among players, focusing on games that incorporate movement and exercise. It evaluates the effectiveness of these games in promoting health and fitness. </p>
  103. <p>Esports, the competitive gaming phenomenon, has experienced an unprecedented surge in popularity, evolving into a multi-billion-dollar industry with professional players competing for lucrative prize pools in tournaments watched by millions of viewers worldwide. The rise of esports has not only elevated gaming to a mainstream spectacle but has also paved the way for new career opportunities and avenues for aspiring gamers to showcase their skills on a global stage.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/3659027481" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://877517742814-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://200527178643-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://970774651312-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://187478999951-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://769533821998-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://364506715552-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://342348514468-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://850940887337-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://908554799023-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://874321107291-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://380013714660-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://140042330872-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://983612841952-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/3659027481" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://233609713718-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/3659027481" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://052039338799-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/3659027481" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://984070303673-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/3659027481" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://645916811025-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/3659027481" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://968738736144-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/3659027481" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://274542906508-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/3659027481" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://289382989752-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/3659027481" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?536250778232&amp;url=https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/3659027481" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?433083801840&amp;url=https://naver433083801840-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?138014378993&amp;url=https://naver138014378993-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?070994247546&amp;url=https://naver070994247546-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?936021135036&amp;url=https://naver936021135036-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?563363671760&amp;url=https://naver563363671760-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?185949533245&amp;url=https://naver185949533245-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?369862529856&amp;url=https://naver369862529856-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?223390419903&amp;url=https://naver223390419903-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?967381828814&amp;url=https://naver967381828814-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?166052774114&amp;url=https://naver166052774114-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?156057443172&amp;url=https://naver156057443172-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?365146662367&amp;url=https://naver365146662367-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-545056562177.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-912230577081.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-657984649154.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-801029711045.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-002710986774.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-249164645858.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-730834435606.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-794372896703.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-278853626619.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-153723393821.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-010781118993.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/3659027481" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-366938943225.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/3659027481" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-655047159227.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/3659027481" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-349138565168.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/3659027481" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-963385951465.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/3659027481" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-270103937951.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/3659027481" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-807324120569-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/3659027481" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-064111749759-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/3659027481" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-052858939761-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/3659027481" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/5024693187">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/15.jpg" alt="Self-Determination Theory and Its Implications for Game Design in Educational Contexts" title="Self-Determination Theory and Its Implications for Game Design in Educational Contexts" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-5024693187.mit-edu.top/post/5024693187/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/5024693187">Self-Determination Theory and Its Implications for Game Design in Educational Contexts</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">Nostalgia permeates gaming culture, evoking fond memories of classic titles that shaped childhoods and ignited lifelong passions for gaming. The resurgence of remastered versions, reboots, and sequels to beloved franchises taps into this nostalgia, offering players a chance to relive cherished moments while introducing new generations to timeless gaming classics.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/5024693187" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/14.jpg" alt="Self-Determination Theory and Its Implications for Game Design in Educational Contexts" title="Self-Determination Theory and Its Implications for Game Design in Educational Contexts" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Gary Rivera</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/7215804936">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/11.jpg" alt="Neurocognitive Mechanisms Underpinning Decision Fatigue in Mobile Gaming" title="Neurocognitive Mechanisms Underpinning Decision Fatigue in Mobile Gaming" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-7215804936.mit-edu.top/post/7215804936/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/7215804936">Neurocognitive Mechanisms Underpinning Decision Fatigue in Mobile Gaming</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper presents an ethnographic study of online multiplayer mobile gaming communities, exploring how players interact, collaborate, and form social bonds through gameplay. The research draws on theories of social capital, community building, and identity formation to analyze the dynamics of virtual relationships in mobile gaming. The study examines how mobile games facilitate socialization across geographical and cultural boundaries, while also addressing challenges such as online toxicity, harassment, and the commodification of social interaction. The paper offers a sociological perspective on the role of mobile games in shaping contemporary online communities and social practices.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/7215804936" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="Neurocognitive Mechanisms Underpinning Decision Fatigue in Mobile Gaming" title="Neurocognitive Mechanisms Underpinning Decision Fatigue in Mobile Gaming" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Stephen Hamilton</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/5029736814">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/4.jpg" alt="Blockchain-Based Asset Ownership in Mobile Games: Design and Implementation" title="Blockchain-Based Asset Ownership in Mobile Games: Design and Implementation" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-5029736814.mit-edu.top/post/5029736814/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/5029736814">Blockchain-Based Asset Ownership in Mobile Games: Design and Implementation</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This paper investigates the potential of neurofeedback and biofeedback techniques in mobile games to enhance player performance and overall gaming experience. The research examines how mobile games can integrate real-time brainwave monitoring, heart rate variability, and galvanic skin response to provide players with personalized feedback and guidance to improve focus, relaxation, or emotional regulation. Drawing on neuropsychology and biofeedback research, the study explores the cognitive and emotional benefits of biofeedback-based game mechanics, particularly in improving players' attention, stress management, and learning outcomes. The paper also discusses the ethical concerns related to the use of biofeedback data and the potential risks of manipulating player physiology.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://295806.mit-edu.top/post/5029736814" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/11.jpg" alt="Blockchain-Based Asset Ownership in Mobile Games: Design and Implementation" title="Blockchain-Based Asset Ownership in Mobile Games: Design and Implementation" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>John Smith</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda