It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/8190743256

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Player Motivation and Spending Habits in Gacha-Based Game Economies #939102831974 (2025-02-07)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/8190743256">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Player Motivation and Spending Habits in Gacha-Based Game Economies" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Player Motivation and Spending Habits in Gacha-Based Game Economies #939102831974 (2025-02-07)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/8190743256" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/16.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-07T02:44:32Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Daniel Hall" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Player Motivation and Spending Habits in Gacha-Based Game Economies #939102831974 (2025-02-07)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Daniel Hall",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/8190743256"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-07T02:44:32Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/16.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/939102831974"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://351313.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "939102831974",
  52.            "abstract": "Player Motivation and Spending Habits in Gacha-Based Game Economies #939102831974 (2025-02-07)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Player Motivation and Spending Habits in Gacha-Based Game Economies",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Daniel Hall",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-07T02:44:32Z",
  58.                "url": "https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/8190743256"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://351313.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/9.jpg" alt="Player Motivation and Spending Habits in Gacha-Based Game Economies" title="Player Motivation and Spending Habits in Gacha-Based Game Economies" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Daniel Hall</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-07</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Player Motivation and Spending Habits in Gacha-Based Game Economies</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Daniel Hall for contributing the article "Player Motivation and Spending Habits in Gacha-Based Game Economies".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/16.jpg" alt="Player Motivation and Spending Habits in Gacha-Based Game Economies" title="Player Motivation and Spending Habits in Gacha-Based Game Economies" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This paper investigates the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for dynamic content generation in mobile games, focusing on how procedural content creation (PCC) techniques enable developers to create expansive, personalized game worlds that evolve based on player actions. The study explores the algorithms and methodologies used in PCC, such as procedural terrain generation, dynamic narrative structures, and adaptive enemy behavior, and how they enhance player experience by providing infinite variability. Drawing on computer science, game design, and machine learning, the paper examines the potential of AI-driven content generation to create more engaging and replayable mobile games, while considering the challenges of maintaining balance, coherence, and quality in procedurally generated content.</p>
  100. <p>This study investigates how mobile games can encourage physical activity among players, focusing on games that incorporate movement and exercise. It evaluates the effectiveness of these games in promoting health and fitness. </p>
  101. <p>This paper presents a sociocultural analysis of the representation of gender, race, and identity in mobile games. It explores how mobile games construct social identities through character design, narrative framing, and player interaction. The research examines the ways in which game developers can either reinforce or challenge societal stereotypes and cultural norms, with a particular focus on gender dynamics in both player avatars and character roles. Drawing on critical theories of representation, postcolonial studies, and feminist media studies, the study explores the implications of these representations for player self-perception and broader societal trends related to gender equality and diversity.</p>
  102. <p>The siren song of RPGs beckons with its immersive narratives, drawing players into worlds so vividly crafted that the boundaries between reality and fantasy blur, leaving gamers spellbound in their pixelated destinies. From epic tales of heroism and adventure to nuanced character-driven dramas, RPGs offer a storytelling experience unlike any other, allowing players to become the protagonists of their own epic sagas. The freedom to make choices, shape the narrative, and explore vast, richly detailed worlds sparks the imagination and fosters a deep emotional connection with the virtual realms they inhabit.</p>
  103. <p>Game soundtracks, with their mesmerizing melodies and epic compositions, serve as the heartbeat of virtual adventures, evoking emotions that amplify the gaming experience. From haunting orchestral scores to adrenaline-pumping electronic beats, music sets the tone for gameplay, enhancing atmosphere, and heightening emotions. The synergy between gameplay and sound creates moments of cinematic grandeur, transforming gaming sessions into epic journeys of the senses.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/8190743256" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://989735139866-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://234983133824-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://177806894778-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://282268892380-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://703096403293-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://973450288405-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://394523594803-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://453883170515-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://543494923476-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://825206551939-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://257309863202-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://704152734355-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://900194129950-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/8190743256" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://846167448953-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/8190743256" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://126652152272-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/8190743256" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://684679653370-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/8190743256" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://024819232898-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/8190743256" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://003330699057-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/8190743256" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://022450552044-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/8190743256" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://068257068401-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/8190743256" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?561466178423&amp;url=https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/8190743256" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?579774271007&amp;url=https://naver579774271007-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?803653809946&amp;url=https://naver803653809946-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?664506953931&amp;url=https://naver664506953931-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?369569250625&amp;url=https://naver369569250625-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?906901677027&amp;url=https://naver906901677027-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?713007243190&amp;url=https://naver713007243190-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?115177778379&amp;url=https://naver115177778379-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?436248920330&amp;url=https://naver436248920330-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?054473485092&amp;url=https://naver054473485092-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?870617551176&amp;url=https://naver870617551176-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?078011026573&amp;url=https://naver078011026573-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?912421709760&amp;url=https://naver912421709760-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-426544142043.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-156703195347.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-518585527281.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-605800215896.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-216750501359.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-812630701391.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-413902624209.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-260396387541.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-621860902203.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-566986903942.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-571236408684.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/8190743256" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-785915361969.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/8190743256" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-659953201334.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/8190743256" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-074833301902.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/8190743256" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-439536592487.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/8190743256" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-817950458841.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/8190743256" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-282373517570-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/8190743256" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-120378050755-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/8190743256" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-890684802040-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/8190743256" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/5017268934">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/16.jpg" alt="The Role of Gamification in Enhancing STEM Education Outcomes" title="The Role of Gamification in Enhancing STEM Education Outcomes" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-5017268934.mit-edu.top/post/5017268934/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-07</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/5017268934">The Role of Gamification in Enhancing STEM Education Outcomes</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">Gaming events and conventions serve as epicenters of excitement and celebration, where developers unveil new titles, showcase cutting-edge technology, host competitive tournaments, and connect with fans face-to-face. Events like E3, Gamescom, and PAX are not just gatherings but cultural phenomena that unite gaming enthusiasts in shared anticipation, excitement, and camaraderie.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/5017268934" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/9.jpg" alt="The Role of Gamification in Enhancing STEM Education Outcomes" title="The Role of Gamification in Enhancing STEM Education Outcomes" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Laura Bell</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-07 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/2385169047">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/1.jpg" alt="Understanding the Role of Competence and Autonomy in Player Retention: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective" title="Understanding the Role of Competence and Autonomy in Player Retention: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-2385169047.mit-edu.top/post/2385169047/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-07</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/2385169047">Understanding the Role of Competence and Autonomy in Player Retention: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper examines the integration of augmented reality (AR) technologies into mobile games and its implications for cognitive processes and social interaction. The research explores how AR gaming enhances spatial awareness, attention, and multitasking abilities by immersing players in real-world environments through digital overlays. Drawing from cognitive psychology and sociocultural theories, the study also investigates how AR mobile games create new forms of social interaction, such as collaborative play, location-based competitions, and shared virtual experiences. The paper discusses the transformative potential of AR for the mobile gaming industry and the ways in which it alters players' perceptions of space and social behavior.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/2385169047" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/11.jpg" alt="Understanding the Role of Competence and Autonomy in Player Retention: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective" title="Understanding the Role of Competence and Autonomy in Player Retention: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Katherine Foster</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-07 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/2510964783">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/18.jpg" alt="Ethical Implications of Biometric Data Use in Mobile Games" title="Ethical Implications of Biometric Data Use in Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-2510964783.mit-edu.top/post/2510964783/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-07</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/2510964783">Ethical Implications of Biometric Data Use in Mobile Games</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research explores the role of ethical AI in mobile game design, focusing on how AI can be used to create fair and inclusive gaming experiences. The study examines the challenges of ensuring that AI-driven game mechanics, such as matchmaking, procedural generation, and player behavior analysis, do not perpetuate bias, discrimination, or exclusion. By applying ethical frameworks from artificial intelligence, the paper investigates how developers can design AI systems that promote fairness, inclusivity, and diversity within mobile games. The research also explores the broader social implications of AI-driven game design, including the potential for AI to empower marginalized groups and provide more equitable gaming opportunities.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://351313.mit-edu.top/post/2510964783" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/15.jpg" alt="Ethical Implications of Biometric Data Use in Mobile Games" title="Ethical Implications of Biometric Data Use in Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Judith Mitchell</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-07 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda