It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/6497153280

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Behavioral Economics of Limited-Time Offers in Mobile Game Monetization #216406283172 (2025-02-05)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/6497153280">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Behavioral Economics of Limited-Time Offers in Mobile Game Monetization" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Behavioral Economics of Limited-Time Offers in Mobile Game Monetization #216406283172 (2025-02-05)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/6497153280" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-05T15:50:50Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Shirley Ramirez" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Behavioral Economics of Limited-Time Offers in Mobile Game Monetization #216406283172 (2025-02-05)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Shirley Ramirez",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/6497153280"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-05T15:50:50Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/216406283172"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://371786.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "216406283172",
  52.            "abstract": "Behavioral Economics of Limited-Time Offers in Mobile Game Monetization #216406283172 (2025-02-05)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Behavioral Economics of Limited-Time Offers in Mobile Game Monetization",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Shirley Ramirez",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-05T15:50:50Z",
  58.                "url": "https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/6497153280"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://371786.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/6.jpg" alt="Behavioral Economics of Limited-Time Offers in Mobile Game Monetization" title="Behavioral Economics of Limited-Time Offers in Mobile Game Monetization" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Shirley Ramirez</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-05</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Behavioral Economics of Limited-Time Offers in Mobile Game Monetization</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Shirley Ramirez for contributing the article "Behavioral Economics of Limited-Time Offers in Mobile Game Monetization".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg" alt="Behavioral Economics of Limited-Time Offers in Mobile Game Monetization" title="Behavioral Economics of Limited-Time Offers in Mobile Game Monetization" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This study investigates the privacy and data security issues associated with mobile gaming, focusing on data collection practices, user consent, and potential vulnerabilities. It proposes strategies for enhancing data protection and ensuring user privacy.</p>
  100. <p>This research investigates the environmental footprint of mobile gaming, including energy consumption, electronic waste, and resource usage. It proposes sustainable practices for game development and consumption.This study examines how mobile gaming serves as a platform for social interaction, allowing players to form and maintain relationships. It explores the dynamics of online communities and the social benefits of gaming.</p>
  101. <p>This research explores how mobile gaming influences cultural identity and expression across different regions. It examines the role of mobile games in cultural exchange, preservation, and the representation of diverse cultures. This research investigates how mobile gaming affects sleep quality and duration, considering factors such as screen time, game content, and player demographics. It provides insights into the health implications of mobile gaming habits.</p>
  102. <p>Gaming culture has evolved into a vibrant and interconnected community where players from diverse backgrounds and cultures converge. They share strategies, forge lasting alliances, and engage in friendly competition, turning virtual friendships into real-world connections that span continents. Beyond gaming itself, this global community often rallies around charitable causes, organizing fundraising events, and using their collective influence for social good, showcasing the positive impact of gaming on society.</p>
  103. <p>This research explores the role of ethical AI in mobile game design, focusing on how AI can be used to create fair and inclusive gaming experiences. The study examines the challenges of ensuring that AI-driven game mechanics, such as matchmaking, procedural generation, and player behavior analysis, do not perpetuate bias, discrimination, or exclusion. By applying ethical frameworks from artificial intelligence, the paper investigates how developers can design AI systems that promote fairness, inclusivity, and diversity within mobile games. The research also explores the broader social implications of AI-driven game design, including the potential for AI to empower marginalized groups and provide more equitable gaming opportunities.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/6497153280" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://280856385155-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://696642884439-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://092757876851-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://490015674249-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://537080989265-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://042628877889-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://346871724522-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://521557052315-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://103981826513-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://695148400565-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://371602113512-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://694246615130-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://070026664724-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/6497153280" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://046397667091-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/6497153280" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://753276274386-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/6497153280" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://043415829469-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/6497153280" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://225935100528-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/6497153280" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://155583298530-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/6497153280" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://122168090684-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/6497153280" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://204257072621-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/6497153280" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?950814826033&amp;url=https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/6497153280" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?942011431857&amp;url=https://naver942011431857-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?564826022003&amp;url=https://naver564826022003-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?495199493694&amp;url=https://naver495199493694-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?738923680063&amp;url=https://naver738923680063-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?766076325935&amp;url=https://naver766076325935-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?974344828610&amp;url=https://naver974344828610-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?988095372970&amp;url=https://naver988095372970-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?612206703238&amp;url=https://naver612206703238-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?610571570479&amp;url=https://naver610571570479-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?016213374595&amp;url=https://naver016213374595-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?175508370427&amp;url=https://naver175508370427-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?584632533264&amp;url=https://naver584632533264-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-692152679230.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-167100868331.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-595811381596.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-763786703514.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-501435694176.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-314463149518.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-299541001245.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-704222853200.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-614676495459.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-550685266688.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-864295256713.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/6497153280" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-363908954922.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/6497153280" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-449018995324.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/6497153280" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-850521968259.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/6497153280" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-045537882783.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/6497153280" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-573016501563.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/6497153280" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-750585499943-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/6497153280" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-721009457869-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/6497153280" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-419575941099-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/6497153280" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/8631574290">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg" alt="Balancing Player Retention and Revenue Maximization: A Multi-Objective Optimization Framework" title="Balancing Player Retention and Revenue Maximization: A Multi-Objective Optimization Framework" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-8631574290.mit-edu.top/post/8631574290/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/8631574290">Balancing Player Retention and Revenue Maximization: A Multi-Objective Optimization Framework</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">Multiplayer madness ensues as alliances are forged and tested, betrayals unfold like intricate dramas, and epic battles erupt, painting the virtual sky with a kaleidoscope of chaos, cooperation, and camaraderie. In the vast and dynamic world of online gaming, players from across the globe come together to collaborate, compete, and forge meaningful connections. Whether teaming up with friends to tackle cooperative challenges or engaging in fierce competition against rivals, the social aspect of gaming adds an extra layer of excitement and immersion, creating unforgettable experiences and lasting friendships.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/8631574290" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/6.jpg" alt="Balancing Player Retention and Revenue Maximization: A Multi-Objective Optimization Framework" title="Balancing Player Retention and Revenue Maximization: A Multi-Objective Optimization Framework" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Sandra Scott</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/1475086392">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg" alt="Dynamic Scene Adaptation in AR Mobile Games Using Computer Vision" title="Dynamic Scene Adaptation in AR Mobile Games Using Computer Vision" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-1475086392.mit-edu.top/post/1475086392/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/1475086392">Dynamic Scene Adaptation in AR Mobile Games Using Computer Vision</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This study presents a multidimensional framework for understanding the diverse motivations that drive player engagement across different mobile game genres. By drawing on Self-Determination Theory (SDT), the research examines how intrinsic and extrinsic motivation factors—such as achievement, autonomy, social interaction, and competition—affect player behavior and satisfaction. The paper explores how various game genres (e.g., casual, role-playing, and strategy games) tailor their game mechanics to cater to different motivational drivers. It also evaluates how player motivation impacts retention, in-game purchases, and long-term player loyalty, offering a deeper understanding of game design principles and their role in shaping player experiences.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/1475086392" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/15.jpg" alt="Dynamic Scene Adaptation in AR Mobile Games Using Computer Vision" title="Dynamic Scene Adaptation in AR Mobile Games Using Computer Vision" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Ann Gonzales</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/1802475639">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" alt="Generative AI for Dynamic Level Design in Open-Ended Puzzle Games" title="Generative AI for Dynamic Level Design in Open-Ended Puzzle Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-1802475639.mit-edu.top/post/1802475639/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/1802475639">Generative AI for Dynamic Level Design in Open-Ended Puzzle Games</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research examines the role of geolocation-based augmented reality (AR) games in transforming how urban spaces are perceived and interacted with by players. The study investigates how AR mobile games such as Pokémon Go integrate physical locations into gameplay, creating a hybrid digital-physical experience. The paper explores the implications of geolocation-based games for urban planning, public space use, and social interaction, considering both the positive and negative effects of blending virtual experiences with real-world environments. It also addresses ethical concerns regarding data privacy, surveillance, and the potential for gamifying everyday spaces in ways that affect public life.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://371786.mit-edu.top/post/1802475639" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/3.jpg" alt="Generative AI for Dynamic Level Design in Open-Ended Puzzle Games" title="Generative AI for Dynamic Level Design in Open-Ended Puzzle Games" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Gary Rivera</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda