It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/3871650249

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Analyzing the Role of Social Ties in Sustaining Player Communities #734420901716 (2025-02-03)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/3871650249">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Analyzing the Role of Social Ties in Sustaining Player Communities" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Analyzing the Role of Social Ties in Sustaining Player Communities #734420901716 (2025-02-03)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/3871650249" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/20.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-03T15:48:18Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Ashley Adams" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Analyzing the Role of Social Ties in Sustaining Player Communities #734420901716 (2025-02-03)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Ashley Adams",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/3871650249"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-03T15:48:18Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/20.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/734420901716"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://407236.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "734420901716",
  52.            "abstract": "Analyzing the Role of Social Ties in Sustaining Player Communities #734420901716 (2025-02-03)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Analyzing the Role of Social Ties in Sustaining Player Communities",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Ashley Adams",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-03T15:48:18Z",
  58.                "url": "https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/3871650249"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://407236.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/6.jpg" alt="Analyzing the Role of Social Ties in Sustaining Player Communities" title="Analyzing the Role of Social Ties in Sustaining Player Communities" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Ashley Adams</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-03</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Analyzing the Role of Social Ties in Sustaining Player Communities</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Ashley Adams for contributing the article "Analyzing the Role of Social Ties in Sustaining Player Communities".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/20.jpg" alt="Analyzing the Role of Social Ties in Sustaining Player Communities" title="Analyzing the Role of Social Ties in Sustaining Player Communities" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>The gaming industry's commercial landscape is fiercely competitive, with companies employing diverse monetization strategies such as microtransactions, downloadable content (DLC), and subscription models to sustain and grow their player bases. Balancing player engagement with revenue generation is a delicate dance that requires thoughtful design and consideration of player feedback.</p>
  100. <p>This study investigates the economic systems within mobile games, focusing on the development of virtual economies, marketplaces, and the integration of real-world currencies in digital spaces. The research explores how mobile games have created virtual goods markets, where players can buy, sell, and trade in-game assets for real money. By applying economic theories related to virtual currencies, supply and demand, and market regulation, the paper analyzes the implications of these digital economies for the gaming industry and broader digital commerce. The study also addresses the ethical considerations of monetization models, such as microtransactions, loot boxes, and the implications for player welfare.</p>
  101. <p>Virtual reality transports players to alternate dimensions, blurring the lines between reality and fiction, and offering glimpses of futuristic realms yet to be explored. Through immersive simulations and interactive experiences, VR technology revolutionizes gaming, providing unprecedented levels of immersion and engagement. From virtual adventures in space to realistic simulations of historical events, VR opens doors to limitless possibilities, inviting players to step into worlds beyond imagination.</p>
  102. <p>Gaming's evolution from the pixelated adventures of classic arcade games to the breathtakingly realistic graphics of contemporary consoles has been nothing short of astounding. Each technological leap has not only enhanced visual fidelity but also deepened immersion, blurring the lines between reality and virtuality. The attention to detail in modern games, from lifelike character animations to dynamic environmental effects, creates an immersive sensory experience that captivates players and transports them to fantastical worlds beyond imagination.</p>
  103. <p>This study analyzes the growth of mobile game streaming services and their impact on the mobile gaming market. It explores how cloud gaming platforms, such as Google Stadia and Microsoft’s Project xCloud, allow players to access high-quality games on low-powered devices. The paper evaluates the technical challenges of latency, bandwidth, and device compatibility, as well as the potential of mobile game streaming to democratize access to games globally.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/3871650249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://713859260672-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://100485247302-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://299910092477-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://404461782731-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://355095314206-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://216464204651-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://829002238847-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://379899521167-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://598953136047-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://370155982872-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://835942701596-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://900615352477-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://966244527021-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/3871650249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://291351052014-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/3871650249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://649896582217-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/3871650249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://660363493628-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/3871650249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://833044409388-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/3871650249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://047368025152-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/3871650249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://401774657961-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/3871650249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://402440244081-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/3871650249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?983409740827&amp;url=https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/3871650249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?383189329564&amp;url=https://naver383189329564-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?699097296636&amp;url=https://naver699097296636-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?511503332650&amp;url=https://naver511503332650-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?582539998908&amp;url=https://naver582539998908-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?637391042103&amp;url=https://naver637391042103-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?536702750004&amp;url=https://naver536702750004-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?004905878507&amp;url=https://naver004905878507-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?702023377047&amp;url=https://naver702023377047-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?222333744234&amp;url=https://naver222333744234-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?711672452654&amp;url=https://naver711672452654-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?992697420654&amp;url=https://naver992697420654-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?028441923180&amp;url=https://naver028441923180-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-325691190369.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-002177570324.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-517825968528.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-637773784991.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-658681143836.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-432384158825.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-293683748617.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-721015658986.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-391284713171.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-556317099290.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-766555295423.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/3871650249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-804112367908.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/3871650249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-617637714460.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/3871650249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-990432822333.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/3871650249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-570261132905.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/3871650249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-777124213267.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/3871650249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-449683030167-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/3871650249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-280471059771-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/3871650249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-193519264222-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/3871650249" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/6083275149">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/20.jpg" alt="Digital Empathy Through Mobile Game Storytelling: A Psychological Perspective" title="Digital Empathy Through Mobile Game Storytelling: A Psychological Perspective" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-6083275149.mit-edu.top/post/6083275149/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-03</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/6083275149">Digital Empathy Through Mobile Game Storytelling: A Psychological Perspective</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study investigates the environmental impact of mobile game development, focusing on energy consumption, resource usage, and sustainability practices within the mobile gaming industry. The research examines the ecological footprint of mobile games, including the energy demands of game servers, device usage, and the carbon footprint of game downloads and updates. Drawing on sustainability studies and environmental science, the paper evaluates the role of game developers in mitigating environmental harm through energy-efficient coding, sustainable development practices, and eco-friendly server infrastructure. The research also explores the potential for mobile games to raise environmental awareness among players and promote sustainable behaviors through in-game content and narratives.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/6083275149" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/6.jpg" alt="Digital Empathy Through Mobile Game Storytelling: A Psychological Perspective" title="Digital Empathy Through Mobile Game Storytelling: A Psychological Perspective" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Harold Matthews</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-03 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/3162548097">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/18.jpg" alt="Energy Optimization in Mobile Games Through Context-Aware Resource Allocation" title="Energy Optimization in Mobile Games Through Context-Aware Resource Allocation" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-3162548097.mit-edu.top/post/3162548097/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-03</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/3162548097">Energy Optimization in Mobile Games Through Context-Aware Resource Allocation</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This study explores the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and procedural content generation (PCG) in mobile game development, focusing on how these technologies can create dynamic and ever-changing game environments. The paper examines how AI-powered systems can generate game content such as levels, characters, items, and quests in response to player actions, creating highly personalized and unique experiences for each player. Drawing on procedural generation theories, machine learning, and user experience design, the research investigates the benefits and challenges of using AI in game development, including issues related to content coherence, complexity, and player satisfaction. The study also discusses the future potential of AI-driven content creation in shaping the next generation of mobile games.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/3162548097" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/3.jpg" alt="Energy Optimization in Mobile Games Through Context-Aware Resource Allocation" title="Energy Optimization in Mobile Games Through Context-Aware Resource Allocation" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Susan Thomas</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-03 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/7960824315">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg" alt="Meta-Reinforcement Learning for Personalized Gaming Experiences" title="Meta-Reinforcement Learning for Personalized Gaming Experiences" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-7960824315.mit-edu.top/post/7960824315/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-03</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/7960824315">Meta-Reinforcement Learning for Personalized Gaming Experiences</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This study explores the technical and social challenges associated with cross-platform play in mobile gaming, focusing on how interoperability between different devices and platforms (e.g., iOS, Android, PC, and consoles) can enhance or hinder the player experience. The paper investigates the technical requirements for seamless cross-platform play, including data synchronization, server infrastructure, and device compatibility. From a social perspective, the study examines how cross-platform play influences player communities, social relationships, and competitive dynamics. It also addresses the potential barriers to cross-platform integration, such as platform-specific limitations, security concerns, and business model conflicts.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://407236.mit-edu.top/post/7960824315" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/6.jpg" alt="Meta-Reinforcement Learning for Personalized Gaming Experiences" title="Meta-Reinforcement Learning for Personalized Gaming Experiences" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Jacob Murphy</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-03 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda