It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/7325618094

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Climate Change Awareness Through Gamification: The Role of Mobile Games #124027844894 (2025-01-31)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/7325618094">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Climate Change Awareness Through Gamification: The Role of Mobile Games" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Climate Change Awareness Through Gamification: The Role of Mobile Games #124027844894 (2025-01-31)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/7325618094" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T10:34:27Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Martha Perry" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Climate Change Awareness Through Gamification: The Role of Mobile Games #124027844894 (2025-01-31)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Martha Perry",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/7325618094"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T10:34:27Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/124027844894"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://443473.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "124027844894",
  52.            "abstract": "Climate Change Awareness Through Gamification: The Role of Mobile Games #124027844894 (2025-01-31)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Climate Change Awareness Through Gamification: The Role of Mobile Games",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Martha Perry",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T10:34:27Z",
  58.                "url": "https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/7325618094"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://443473.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/16.jpg" alt="Climate Change Awareness Through Gamification: The Role of Mobile Games" title="Climate Change Awareness Through Gamification: The Role of Mobile Games" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Martha Perry</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-01-31</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Climate Change Awareness Through Gamification: The Role of Mobile Games</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Martha Perry for contributing the article "Climate Change Awareness Through Gamification: The Role of Mobile Games".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg" alt="Climate Change Awareness Through Gamification: The Role of Mobile Games" title="Climate Change Awareness Through Gamification: The Role of Mobile Games" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This paper examines the psychological factors that drive player motivation in mobile games, focusing on how developers can optimize game design to enhance player engagement and ensure long-term retention. The study investigates key motivational theories, such as Self-Determination Theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior, to explore how intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as autonomy, competence, and relatedness, influence player behavior. Drawing on empirical studies and player data, the research analyzes how different game mechanics, such as rewards, achievements, and social interaction, shape players’ emotional investment and commitment to games. The paper also discusses the role of narrative, social comparison, and competition in sustaining player motivation over time.</p>
  100. <p>This paper investigates the role of user-generated content (UGC) in mobile gaming, focusing on how players contribute to game design, content creation, and community-driven innovation. By employing theories of participatory design and collaborative creation, the study examines how game developers empower users to create, modify, and share game content such as levels, skins, and in-game items. The research also evaluates the social dynamics and intellectual property challenges associated with UGC, proposing a model for balancing creative freedom with fair compensation and legal protection in the mobile gaming industry.</p>
  101. <p>This research examines the integration of mixed reality (MR) technologies, combining elements of both augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), into mobile games. The study explores how MR can enhance player immersion by providing interactive, context-aware experiences that blend the virtual and physical worlds. Drawing on immersive media theories and user experience research, the paper investigates how MR technologies can create more engaging and dynamic gameplay experiences, including new forms of storytelling, exploration, and social interaction. The research also addresses the technical challenges of implementing MR in mobile games, such as hardware constraints, spatial mapping, and real-time rendering, and provides recommendations for developers seeking to leverage MR in mobile game design.</p>
  102. <p>This systematic review examines existing literature on the effects of mobile gaming on mental health, identifying both beneficial and detrimental outcomes. It provides evidence-based recommendations for stakeholders in the gaming industry and healthcare sectors.</p>
  103. <p>This paper investigates how different motivational theories, such as self-determination theory (SDT) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB), are applied to mobile health games that aim to promote positive behavioral changes in health-related practices. The study compares various mobile health games and their design elements, including rewards, goal-setting, and social support mechanisms, to evaluate how these elements align with motivational frameworks and influence long-term health behavior change. The paper provides recommendations for designers on how to integrate motivational theory into mobile health games to maximize user engagement, retention, and sustained behavioral modification.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/7325618094" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://842719796054-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://069048010992-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://809508092364-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://233949445450-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://252351532493-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://393629053357-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://291837962198-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://341690030393-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://299534364558-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://254573308578-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://671610040904-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://431986711268-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://609457215376-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/7325618094" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://481481824923-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/7325618094" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://694820780735-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/7325618094" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://456994643781-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/7325618094" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://973376635128-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/7325618094" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://196269815515-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/7325618094" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://079357445882-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/7325618094" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://456068888405-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/7325618094" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?496948455481&amp;url=https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/7325618094" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?126715050667&amp;url=https://naver126715050667-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?545496945640&amp;url=https://naver545496945640-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?495034256928&amp;url=https://naver495034256928-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?424490245795&amp;url=https://naver424490245795-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?399953003616&amp;url=https://naver399953003616-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?031733576925&amp;url=https://naver031733576925-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?040519158054&amp;url=https://naver040519158054-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?455716410593&amp;url=https://naver455716410593-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?840532047008&amp;url=https://naver840532047008-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?914820266747&amp;url=https://naver914820266747-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?489448833887&amp;url=https://naver489448833887-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?181891792274&amp;url=https://naver181891792274-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-201886625679.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-553841560759.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-828146676855.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-418075031316.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-572548430345.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-902688130948.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-541782430784.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-537661152411.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-335329183361.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-505673027783.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-909241484917.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/7325618094" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-836262422989.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/7325618094" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-381060360395.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/7325618094" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-433924717334.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/7325618094" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-586774703900.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/7325618094" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-947986520823.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/7325618094" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-394128576153-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/7325618094" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-624025010718-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/7325618094" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-461443773285-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/7325618094" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/9041635782">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg" alt="Cognitive Models of Decision-Making in High-Stakes Mobile Games" title="Cognitive Models of Decision-Making in High-Stakes Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-9041635782.mit-edu.top/post/9041635782/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/9041635782">Cognitive Models of Decision-Making in High-Stakes Mobile Games</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">Gaming culture has evolved into a vibrant and interconnected community where players from diverse backgrounds and cultures converge. They share strategies, forge lasting alliances, and engage in friendly competition, turning virtual friendships into real-world connections that span continents. This global network of gamers not only celebrates shared interests and passions but also fosters a sense of unity and belonging in a world that can often feel fragmented. From online forums and social media groups to live gaming events and conventions, the camaraderie and mutual respect among gamers continue to strengthen the bonds that unite this dynamic community.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/9041635782" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/16.jpg" alt="Cognitive Models of Decision-Making in High-Stakes Mobile Games" title="Cognitive Models of Decision-Making in High-Stakes Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Ryan Morgan</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/3679852401">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/11.jpg" alt="The Role of Decentralized Oracles in Secure Game Economy Management" title="The Role of Decentralized Oracles in Secure Game Economy Management" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-3679852401.mit-edu.top/post/3679852401/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/3679852401">The Role of Decentralized Oracles in Secure Game Economy Management</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper examines how mobile games can be utilized as platforms for social advocacy and political mobilization, particularly in the context of global social movements. The study explores the potential for mobile games to raise awareness about social justice issues, such as climate change, gender equality, and human rights, by engaging players in interactive, narrative-driven activism. By drawing on theories of participatory media and political communication, the research analyzes how game mechanics can be used to simulate real-world social challenges, promote empathy, and encourage collective action. The paper also discusses the ethical challenges of gamifying serious issues and the risks of oversimplification or exploitation of activism.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/3679852401" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/7.jpg" alt="The Role of Decentralized Oracles in Secure Game Economy Management" title="The Role of Decentralized Oracles in Secure Game Economy Management" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>George Baker</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/8019567234">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/2.jpg" alt="Exploring Neural Interfaces as a Medium for Direct Player-Game Interaction" title="Exploring Neural Interfaces as a Medium for Direct Player-Game Interaction" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-8019567234.mit-edu.top/post/8019567234/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/8019567234">Exploring Neural Interfaces as a Medium for Direct Player-Game Interaction</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">Indie game developers play a vital role in shaping the diverse landscape of gaming, bringing fresh perspectives, innovative gameplay mechanics, and compelling narratives to the forefront. Their creative freedom and entrepreneurial spirit fuel a culture of experimentation and discovery, driving the industry forward with bold ideas and unique gaming experiences that captivate players' imaginations.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://443473.mit-edu.top/post/8019567234" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/8.jpg" alt="Exploring Neural Interfaces as a Medium for Direct Player-Game Interaction" title="Exploring Neural Interfaces as a Medium for Direct Player-Game Interaction" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Mark Wright</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda