It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/2349581670

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Mobile Games as Persuasive Technology: Ethical Concerns and Frameworks for Regulation #889296149970 (2025-02-04)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/2349581670">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Mobile Games as Persuasive Technology: Ethical Concerns and Frameworks for Regulation" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Mobile Games as Persuasive Technology: Ethical Concerns and Frameworks for Regulation #889296149970 (2025-02-04)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/2349581670" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-04T15:49:15Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. William Rodriguez" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Mobile Games as Persuasive Technology: Ethical Concerns and Frameworks for Regulation #889296149970 (2025-02-04)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. William Rodriguez",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/2349581670"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-04T15:49:15Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/889296149970"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://492795.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "889296149970",
  52.            "abstract": "Mobile Games as Persuasive Technology: Ethical Concerns and Frameworks for Regulation #889296149970 (2025-02-04)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Mobile Games as Persuasive Technology: Ethical Concerns and Frameworks for Regulation",
  56.                "author": "Dr. William Rodriguez",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-04T15:49:15Z",
  58.                "url": "https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/2349581670"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://492795.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/11.jpg" alt="Mobile Games as Persuasive Technology: Ethical Concerns and Frameworks for Regulation" title="Mobile Games as Persuasive Technology: Ethical Concerns and Frameworks for Regulation" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">William Rodriguez</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-04</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Mobile Games as Persuasive Technology: Ethical Concerns and Frameworks for Regulation</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to William Rodriguez for contributing the article "Mobile Games as Persuasive Technology: Ethical Concerns and Frameworks for Regulation".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg" alt="Mobile Games as Persuasive Technology: Ethical Concerns and Frameworks for Regulation" title="Mobile Games as Persuasive Technology: Ethical Concerns and Frameworks for Regulation" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This research explores the importance of cultural sensitivity and localization in the design of mobile games for global audiences. The study examines how localization practices, including language translation, cultural adaptation, and regional sensitivity, influence the reception and success of mobile games in diverse markets. Drawing on cross-cultural communication theory and international marketing, the paper investigates the challenges and strategies for designing culturally inclusive games that resonate with players from different countries and cultural backgrounds. The research also discusses the ethical responsibility of game developers to avoid cultural appropriation, stereotypes, and misrepresentations, offering guidelines for creating culturally respectful and globally appealing mobile games.</p>
  100. <p>This research examines the role of cultural adaptation in the success of mobile games across different global markets. The study investigates how developers tailor game content, mechanics, and marketing strategies to fit the cultural preferences, values, and expectations of diverse player demographics. Drawing on cross-cultural communication theory and international business strategies, the paper explores how cultural factors such as narrative themes, visual aesthetics, and gameplay styles influence the reception of mobile games in various regions. The research also evaluates the challenges of balancing universal appeal with localized content, and the ethical responsibility of developers to respect cultural norms and avoid misrepresentation or stereotyping.</p>
  101. <p>The gaming industry's commercial landscape is fiercely competitive, with companies employing diverse monetization strategies such as microtransactions, downloadable content (DLC), and subscription models to sustain and grow their player bases. Balancing player engagement with revenue generation is a delicate dance that requires thoughtful design and consideration of player feedback.</p>
  102. <p>A Comparative Analysis This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of various monetization models in mobile gaming, including in-app purchases, advertisements, and subscription services. It compares the effectiveness and ethical considerations of each model, offering recommendations for developers and policymakers.</p>
  103. <p>This study examines how engaging with mobile games affects attention span and cognitive control processes. It investigates both the potential benefits, such as improved focus, and the risks, such as attention deficits.This paper analyzes the development and diversification of mobile game genres over time, highlighting key trends and innovative game mechanics. It discusses how these changes reflect technological advancements and shifting player preferences.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/2349581670" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://414147421207-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://069580808716-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://408234975390-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://032252969917-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://907878429243-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://631270283508-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://894786587264-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://117031405532-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://551911891270-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://928654165879-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://010563829910-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://090127120095-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://511199000057-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/2349581670" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://440331341464-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/2349581670" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://186285736946-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/2349581670" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://856962707731-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/2349581670" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://976112531160-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/2349581670" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://734428114710-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/2349581670" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://081864952564-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/2349581670" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://828934907450-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/2349581670" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?362743842938&amp;url=https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/2349581670" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?424671163956&amp;url=https://naver424671163956-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?357092129303&amp;url=https://naver357092129303-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?688881723191&amp;url=https://naver688881723191-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?207603338048&amp;url=https://naver207603338048-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?351292551449&amp;url=https://naver351292551449-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?522942073733&amp;url=https://naver522942073733-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?166070806035&amp;url=https://naver166070806035-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?291436388672&amp;url=https://naver291436388672-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?989262579276&amp;url=https://naver989262579276-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?367970400643&amp;url=https://naver367970400643-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?282040348265&amp;url=https://naver282040348265-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?522450086883&amp;url=https://naver522450086883-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-823888216511.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-545471924279.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-388966359738.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-569110275722.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-925442370176.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-711685531453.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-581063365800.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-038056727895.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-349585943049.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-476966069874.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-447237771730.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/2349581670" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-224639687283.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/2349581670" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-880878222046.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/2349581670" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-723996029583.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/2349581670" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-441279558635.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/2349581670" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-467762344744.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/2349581670" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-346394749866-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/2349581670" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-822785232009-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/2349581670" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-243717152782-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/2349581670" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/7842531690">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg" alt="The Role of Social Identity in Driving Engagement in Multiplayer Mobile Games" title="The Role of Social Identity in Driving Engagement in Multiplayer Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-7842531690.mit-edu.top/post/7842531690/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/7842531690">The Role of Social Identity in Driving Engagement in Multiplayer Mobile Games</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This meta-analysis synthesizes existing psychometric studies to assess the impact of mobile gaming on cognitive and emotional intelligence. The research systematically reviews empirical evidence regarding the effects of mobile gaming on cognitive abilities, such as memory, attention, and problem-solving, as well as emotional intelligence competencies, such as empathy, emotional regulation, and interpersonal skills. By applying meta-analytic techniques, the study provides robust insights into the cognitive and emotional benefits and drawbacks of mobile gaming, with a particular focus on game genre, duration of gameplay, and individual differences in player characteristics.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/7842531690" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/11.jpg" alt="The Role of Social Identity in Driving Engagement in Multiplayer Mobile Games" title="The Role of Social Identity in Driving Engagement in Multiplayer Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Donald Green</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/3912804675">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/2.jpg" alt="AI-Powered Personalization in Dynamic Game Narratives" title="AI-Powered Personalization in Dynamic Game Narratives" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-3912804675.mit-edu.top/post/3912804675/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/3912804675">AI-Powered Personalization in Dynamic Game Narratives</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">Indie game developers play a vital role in shaping the diverse landscape of gaming, bringing fresh perspectives, innovative gameplay mechanics, and compelling narratives to the forefront. Their creative freedom and entrepreneurial spirit fuel a culture of experimentation and discovery, driving the industry forward with bold ideas and unique gaming experiences that captivate players' imaginations.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/3912804675" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="AI-Powered Personalization in Dynamic Game Narratives" title="AI-Powered Personalization in Dynamic Game Narratives" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Victoria Simmons</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/2359406871">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/8.jpg" alt="AI-Powered Adaptive Augmentation in Mixed Reality Games" title="AI-Powered Adaptive Augmentation in Mixed Reality Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-2359406871.mit-edu.top/post/2359406871/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/2359406871">AI-Powered Adaptive Augmentation in Mixed Reality Games</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the use of data analytics in mobile game design, focusing on how player behavior data can be leveraged to optimize gameplay, enhance personalization, and drive game development decisions. The research investigates the various methods of collecting and analyzing player data, such as clickstreams, session data, and social interactions, and how this data informs design choices regarding difficulty balancing, content delivery, and monetization strategies. The study also examines the ethical considerations of player data collection, particularly regarding informed consent, data privacy, and algorithmic transparency. The paper proposes a framework for integrating data-driven design with ethical considerations to create better player experiences without compromising privacy.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://492795.mit-edu.top/post/2359406871" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/4.jpg" alt="AI-Powered Adaptive Augmentation in Mixed Reality Games" title="AI-Powered Adaptive Augmentation in Mixed Reality Games" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Kathy Peterson</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda