It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/8516927034

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Behavioral Drivers of Loyalty in Subscription-Based Mobile Game Models #072228871876 (2025-02-05)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/8516927034">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Behavioral Drivers of Loyalty in Subscription-Based Mobile Game Models" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Behavioral Drivers of Loyalty in Subscription-Based Mobile Game Models #072228871876 (2025-02-05)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/8516927034" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/15.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-04T20:49:21Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Raymond Henderson" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Behavioral Drivers of Loyalty in Subscription-Based Mobile Game Models #072228871876 (2025-02-05)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Raymond Henderson",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/8516927034"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-04T20:49:21Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/15.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/072228871876"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://547248.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "072228871876",
  52.            "abstract": "Behavioral Drivers of Loyalty in Subscription-Based Mobile Game Models #072228871876 (2025-02-05)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Behavioral Drivers of Loyalty in Subscription-Based Mobile Game Models",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Raymond Henderson",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-04T20:49:21Z",
  58.                "url": "https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/8516927034"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://547248.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/15.jpg" alt="Behavioral Drivers of Loyalty in Subscription-Based Mobile Game Models" title="Behavioral Drivers of Loyalty in Subscription-Based Mobile Game Models" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Raymond Henderson</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-05</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Behavioral Drivers of Loyalty in Subscription-Based Mobile Game Models</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Raymond Henderson for contributing the article "Behavioral Drivers of Loyalty in Subscription-Based Mobile Game Models".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/15.jpg" alt="Behavioral Drivers of Loyalty in Subscription-Based Mobile Game Models" title="Behavioral Drivers of Loyalty in Subscription-Based Mobile Game Models" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This research examines the concept of psychological flow in the context of mobile game design, focusing on how game mechanics can be optimized to facilitate flow states in players. Drawing on Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi’s flow theory, the study analyzes the relationship between player skill, game difficulty, and intrinsic motivation in mobile games. The paper explores how factors such as feedback, challenge progression, and control mechanisms can be incorporated into game design to keep players engaged and motivated. It also examines the role of flow in improving long-term player retention and satisfaction, offering design recommendations for developers seeking to create more immersive and rewarding gaming experiences.</p>
  100. <p>This study explores the integration of augmented reality (AR) technologies in mobile games, examining how AR enhances user engagement and immersion. It discusses technical challenges, user acceptance, and the future potential of AR in mobile gaming.</p>
  101. <p>This paper investigates the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for dynamic content generation in mobile games, focusing on how procedural content creation (PCC) techniques enable developers to create expansive, personalized game worlds that evolve based on player actions. The study explores the algorithms and methodologies used in PCC, such as procedural terrain generation, dynamic narrative structures, and adaptive enemy behavior, and how they enhance player experience by providing infinite variability. Drawing on computer science, game design, and machine learning, the paper examines the potential of AI-driven content generation to create more engaging and replayable mobile games, while considering the challenges of maintaining balance, coherence, and quality in procedurally generated content.</p>
  102. <p>This study investigates the privacy and data security issues associated with mobile gaming, focusing on data collection practices, user consent, and potential vulnerabilities. It proposes strategies for enhancing data protection and ensuring user privacy.</p>
  103. <p>This research investigates the potential of mobile games as tools for political engagement and civic education, focusing on how game mechanics can be used to teach democratic values, political participation, and social activism. The study compares gamified civic education games across different cultures and political systems, analyzing their effectiveness in fostering political literacy, voter participation, and civic responsibility. By applying frameworks from political science and education theory, the paper assesses the impact of mobile games on shaping young people's political beliefs and behaviors, while also examining the ethical implications of using games for political socialization.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/8516927034" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://678495704453-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://375371673242-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://507330497237-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://707152599127-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://284619869602-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://642475146961-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://110123852323-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://200270535782-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://306992014127-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://413645076003-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://167645976565-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://876389130405-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://902613929694-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/8516927034" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://281848435063-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/8516927034" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://987927428789-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/8516927034" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://182142571665-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/8516927034" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://409005303106-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/8516927034" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://858737645950-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/8516927034" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://207373823824-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/8516927034" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://454875450333-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/8516927034" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?098593514341&amp;url=https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/8516927034" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?633015451948&amp;url=https://naver633015451948-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?584617917876&amp;url=https://naver584617917876-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?138563627039&amp;url=https://naver138563627039-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?585679537999&amp;url=https://naver585679537999-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?791478182048&amp;url=https://naver791478182048-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?311114062530&amp;url=https://naver311114062530-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?493292261319&amp;url=https://naver493292261319-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?237432273384&amp;url=https://naver237432273384-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?881045084413&amp;url=https://naver881045084413-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?639861794537&amp;url=https://naver639861794537-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?764102581785&amp;url=https://naver764102581785-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?294636909996&amp;url=https://naver294636909996-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-075439206616.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-974143662136.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-737626334977.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-898469167572.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-849152825588.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-221619399145.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-152919193018.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-291849661732.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-662687292484.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-404705625700.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-776940217585.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/8516927034" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-205544984364.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/8516927034" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-937418495190.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/8516927034" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-112870400965.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/8516927034" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-363890293034.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/8516927034" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-884403415702.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/8516927034" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-842849385764-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/8516927034" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-794198686026-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/8516927034" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-378849034318-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/8516927034" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/6853210974">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/15.jpg" alt="Ethical Considerations in Depicting Sensitive Cultural Narratives in Games" title="Ethical Considerations in Depicting Sensitive Cultural Narratives in Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-6853210974.mit-edu.top/post/6853210974/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/6853210974">Ethical Considerations in Depicting Sensitive Cultural Narratives in Games</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This research delves into the phenomenon of digital addiction within the context of mobile gaming, focusing on the psychological mechanisms that contribute to excessive play. The study draws on addiction psychology, neuroscience, and behavioral science to explore how mobile games utilize reward systems, variable reinforcement schedules, and immersive experiences to keep players engaged. The paper examines the societal impacts of mobile gaming addiction, including its effects on productivity, relationships, and mental health. Additionally, it offers policy recommendations for mitigating the negative effects of mobile game addiction, such as implementing healthier game design practices and promoting responsible gaming habits.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/6853210974" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/15.jpg" alt="Ethical Considerations in Depicting Sensitive Cultural Narratives in Games" title="Ethical Considerations in Depicting Sensitive Cultural Narratives in Games" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Kimberly Gonzalez</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/2815073496">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/19.jpg" alt="Unsupervised Transfer Learning in Procedural Game Content Generation" title="Unsupervised Transfer Learning in Procedural Game Content Generation" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-2815073496.mit-edu.top/post/2815073496/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/2815073496">Unsupervised Transfer Learning in Procedural Game Content Generation</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">Virtual reality gaming has unlocked a new dimension of immersion, transporting players into fantastical realms where they can interact with virtual environments and characters in ways previously unimaginable. The sensory richness of VR experiences, coupled with intuitive motion controls, has redefined how players engage with games, blurring the boundaries between the digital realm and the physical world.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/2815073496" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/12.jpg" alt="Unsupervised Transfer Learning in Procedural Game Content Generation" title="Unsupervised Transfer Learning in Procedural Game Content Generation" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Kenneth Nelson</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/4761092583">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/16.jpg" alt="Modeling Addiction Behaviors in Mobile Games Using Recurrent Neural Networks" title="Modeling Addiction Behaviors in Mobile Games Using Recurrent Neural Networks" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-4761092583.mit-edu.top/post/4761092583/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/4761092583">Modeling Addiction Behaviors in Mobile Games Using Recurrent Neural Networks</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research examines the psychological effects of time-limited events in mobile games, which often include special challenges, rewards, and limited-time offers. The study explores how event-based gameplay influences player motivation, urgency, and spending behavior. Drawing on behavioral psychology and concepts such as loss aversion and temporal discounting, the paper investigates how time-limited events create a sense of scarcity and urgency that may lead to increased player engagement, as well as potential negative consequences such as compulsive behavior or gaming addiction. The research also evaluates how well-designed time-limited events can enhance player experiences without exploiting players’ emotional vulnerabilities.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://547248.mit-edu.top/post/4761092583" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/20.jpg" alt="Modeling Addiction Behaviors in Mobile Games Using Recurrent Neural Networks" title="Modeling Addiction Behaviors in Mobile Games Using Recurrent Neural Networks" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>John Smith</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda