It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/5304219876

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Behavioral Economics of Microtransactions in Competitive Gaming #136206477014 (2025-02-01)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/5304219876">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Behavioral Economics of Microtransactions in Competitive Gaming" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Behavioral Economics of Microtransactions in Competitive Gaming #136206477014 (2025-02-01)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/5304219876" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-01T04:07:53Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. James Williams" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Behavioral Economics of Microtransactions in Competitive Gaming #136206477014 (2025-02-01)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. James Williams",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/5304219876"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-01T04:07:53Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/136206477014"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://548413.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "136206477014",
  52.            "abstract": "Behavioral Economics of Microtransactions in Competitive Gaming #136206477014 (2025-02-01)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Behavioral Economics of Microtransactions in Competitive Gaming",
  56.                "author": "Dr. James Williams",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-01T04:07:53Z",
  58.                "url": "https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/5304219876"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://548413.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/10.jpg" alt="Behavioral Economics of Microtransactions in Competitive Gaming" title="Behavioral Economics of Microtransactions in Competitive Gaming" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">James Williams</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-01</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Behavioral Economics of Microtransactions in Competitive Gaming</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to James Williams for contributing the article "Behavioral Economics of Microtransactions in Competitive Gaming".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="Behavioral Economics of Microtransactions in Competitive Gaming" title="Behavioral Economics of Microtransactions in Competitive Gaming" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>Multiplayer platforms foster communities of gamers, forging friendships across continents and creating bonds that transcend virtual boundaries. Through cooperative missions, competitive matches, and shared adventures, players connect on a deeper level, building camaraderie and teamwork skills that extend beyond the digital realm. The social aspect of gaming not only enhances gameplay but also enriches lives, fostering friendships that endure and memories that last a lifetime.</p>
  100. <p>This paper applies Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) to the design and analysis of mobile games, focusing on how game mechanics, narrative structures, and visual stimuli impact players' cognitive load during gameplay. The study investigates how high levels of cognitive load can hinder learning outcomes and gameplay performance, especially in complex puzzle or strategy games. By combining cognitive psychology and game design theory, the paper develops a framework for balancing intrinsic, extraneous, and germane cognitive load in mobile game environments. The research offers guidelines for developers to optimize user experiences by enhancing mental performance and reducing cognitive fatigue.</p>
  101. <p>This research investigates how mobile games contribute to the transhumanist imagination by exploring themes of human enhancement and augmented reality (AR). The study examines how mobile AR games, such as Pokémon Go, offer new forms of interaction between players and their physical environments, effectively blurring the boundaries between the digital and physical worlds. Drawing on transhumanist philosophy and media theory, the paper explores the implications of AR technology for redefining human perception, cognition, and embodiment. It also addresses ethical concerns related to the over-reliance on AR technologies and the potential for social disconnection.</p>
  102. <p>This paper examines the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in the design of mobile games, focusing on how AI enables adaptive game mechanics that adjust to a player’s behavior. The research explores how machine learning algorithms personalize game difficulty, enhance NPC interactions, and create procedurally generated content. It also addresses challenges in ensuring that AI-driven systems maintain fairness and avoid reinforcing harmful stereotypes.</p>
  103. <p>This paper explores the potential of mobile games to serve as therapeutic tools in the treatment of mental health conditions, such as anxiety, depression, and PTSD. It examines how game mechanics and immersive environments can be used to provide psychological relief, improve emotional regulation, and facilitate cognitive-behavioral therapy. The study discusses challenges in integrating therapeutic design with traditional game elements and offers recommendations for the development of clinically effective mobile health games.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/5304219876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://336049409340-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://926069760144-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://628560993607-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://557582584291-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://267282744500-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://590850615364-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://622051178907-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://172532682678-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://740386749945-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://152053861024-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://393651435463-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://137132658963-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://349452881257-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/5304219876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://300956260084-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/5304219876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://259056380335-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/5304219876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://614749470565-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/5304219876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://292200726731-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/5304219876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://379312974359-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/5304219876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://396353973103-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/5304219876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://176849977918-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/5304219876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?206741681326&amp;url=https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/5304219876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?713023440025&amp;url=https://naver713023440025-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?012814635309&amp;url=https://naver012814635309-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?477500171483&amp;url=https://naver477500171483-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?828930442723&amp;url=https://naver828930442723-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?196627674425&amp;url=https://naver196627674425-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?432681074867&amp;url=https://naver432681074867-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?802185495168&amp;url=https://naver802185495168-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?925477911280&amp;url=https://naver925477911280-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?387764555863&amp;url=https://naver387764555863-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?313929712260&amp;url=https://naver313929712260-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?052170218094&amp;url=https://naver052170218094-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?459936377660&amp;url=https://naver459936377660-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-632968963171.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-103002447441.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-178845909195.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-991309429720.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-075829037921.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-412321921052.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-004087085578.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-572264416648.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-840946156654.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-453910867084.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-435090974069.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/5304219876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-674239775076.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/5304219876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-053852205704.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/5304219876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-702208166590.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/5304219876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-568165871157.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/5304219876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-477958438658.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/5304219876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-575135281008-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/5304219876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-695711459244-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/5304219876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-098854711234-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/5304219876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/6842937105">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="A Framework for Explainable AI in Predicting Player Behavior in Multiplayer Games" title="A Framework for Explainable AI in Predicting Player Behavior in Multiplayer Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-6842937105.mit-edu.top/post/6842937105/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/6842937105">A Framework for Explainable AI in Predicting Player Behavior in Multiplayer Games</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study applies neuromarketing techniques to analyze how mobile gaming companies assess and influence player preferences, focusing on cognitive and emotional responses to in-game stimuli. By using neuroimaging, eye-tracking, and biometric sensors, the research provides insights into how game mechanics such as reward systems, narrative engagement, and visual design elements affect players’ neurological responses. The paper explores the implications of these findings for mobile game developers, with a particular emphasis on optimizing player engagement, retention, and monetization strategies through the application of neuroscientific principles.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/6842937105" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/10.jpg" alt="A Framework for Explainable AI in Predicting Player Behavior in Multiplayer Games" title="A Framework for Explainable AI in Predicting Player Behavior in Multiplayer Games" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Jonathan Torres</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/4930617852">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/15.jpg" alt="Virtual Property Rights in Mobile Games: Legal and Economic Perspectives" title="Virtual Property Rights in Mobile Games: Legal and Economic Perspectives" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-4930617852.mit-edu.top/post/4930617852/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/4930617852">Virtual Property Rights in Mobile Games: Legal and Economic Perspectives</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This research explores the role of mobile games in the development of social capital within online multiplayer communities. The study draws on social capital theory to examine how players form bonds, share resources, and collaborate within game environments. By analyzing network structures, social interactions, and community dynamics, the paper investigates how mobile games contribute to the creation of virtual social networks that extend beyond gameplay and influence offline relationships. The research also explores the role of mobile games in fostering a sense of belonging and collective identity, while addressing the potential for social exclusion, toxicity, and exploitation within game communities.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/4930617852" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/6.jpg" alt="Virtual Property Rights in Mobile Games: Legal and Economic Perspectives" title="Virtual Property Rights in Mobile Games: Legal and Economic Perspectives" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Ryan Morgan</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/8160923574">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg" alt="The Influence of Social Comparison Mechanics on In-Game Behavior" title="The Influence of Social Comparison Mechanics on In-Game Behavior" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-8160923574.mit-edu.top/post/8160923574/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/8160923574">The Influence of Social Comparison Mechanics on In-Game Behavior</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research investigates the cognitive benefits of mobile games, focusing on how different types of games can enhance players’ problem-solving abilities, decision-making skills, and critical thinking. The study draws on cognitive psychology, educational theory, and game-based learning research to examine how game mechanics, such as puzzles, strategy, and role-playing, promote higher-order thinking. The paper evaluates the potential for mobile games to be used as tools for educational development and cognitive training, particularly for children, students, and individuals with cognitive impairments. It also considers the limitations of mobile games in fostering cognitive development and the need for a balanced approach to game design.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://548413.mit-edu.top/post/8160923574" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="The Influence of Social Comparison Mechanics on In-Game Behavior" title="The Influence of Social Comparison Mechanics on In-Game Behavior" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Katherine Foster</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda