It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/1564079382

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Gradient-Based Optimization in Multi-Agent AI for Dynamic Role Allocation #925362818132 (2025-01-31)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/1564079382">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Gradient-Based Optimization in Multi-Agent AI for Dynamic Role Allocation" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Gradient-Based Optimization in Multi-Agent AI for Dynamic Role Allocation #925362818132 (2025-01-31)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/1564079382" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T04:09:28Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Timothy Butler" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Gradient-Based Optimization in Multi-Agent AI for Dynamic Role Allocation #925362818132 (2025-01-31)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Timothy Butler",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/1564079382"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T04:09:28Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/925362818132"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://586611.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "925362818132",
  52.            "abstract": "Gradient-Based Optimization in Multi-Agent AI for Dynamic Role Allocation #925362818132 (2025-01-31)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Gradient-Based Optimization in Multi-Agent AI for Dynamic Role Allocation",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Timothy Butler",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T04:09:28Z",
  58.                "url": "https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/1564079382"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://586611.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/3.jpg" alt="Gradient-Based Optimization in Multi-Agent AI for Dynamic Role Allocation" title="Gradient-Based Optimization in Multi-Agent AI for Dynamic Role Allocation" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Timothy Butler</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-01-31</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Gradient-Based Optimization in Multi-Agent AI for Dynamic Role Allocation</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Timothy Butler for contributing the article "Gradient-Based Optimization in Multi-Agent AI for Dynamic Role Allocation".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg" alt="Gradient-Based Optimization in Multi-Agent AI for Dynamic Role Allocation" title="Gradient-Based Optimization in Multi-Agent AI for Dynamic Role Allocation" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This study explores the role of player customization in mobile games, focusing on how avatar and character customization can influence player identity, self-expression, and engagement. The research examines how customizing characters, outfits, and other in-game features enables players to create personalized experiences that reflect their preferences and identities. Drawing on social identity theory and self-concept research, the paper investigates how customization fosters emotional attachment to the game, as well as its impact on player behavior, such as social interaction and competition. The study also explores the commercial implications of offering customizable in-game items, including microtransactions and virtual economies.</p>
  100. <p>This research investigates the potential of mobile games as tools for political engagement and civic education, focusing on how game mechanics can be used to teach democratic values, political participation, and social activism. The study compares gamified civic education games across different cultures and political systems, analyzing their effectiveness in fostering political literacy, voter participation, and civic responsibility. By applying frameworks from political science and education theory, the paper assesses the impact of mobile games on shaping young people's political beliefs and behaviors, while also examining the ethical implications of using games for political socialization.</p>
  101. <p>This study explores the impact of augmented reality (AR) technology on player immersion and interaction in mobile games. The research examines how AR, which overlays digital content onto the physical environment, enhances gameplay by providing more interactive, immersive, and contextually rich experiences. Drawing on theories of presence, immersion, and user experience, the paper investigates how AR-based games like Pokémon GO and Ingress engage players in real-world exploration, socialization, and competition. The study also considers the challenges of implementing AR in mobile games, including hardware limitations, spatial awareness, and player safety, and provides recommendations for developers seeking to optimize AR experiences for mobile game audiences.</p>
  102. <p>This longitudinal study investigates the effectiveness of gamification elements in mobile fitness games in fostering long-term behavioral changes related to physical activity and health. By tracking player behavior over extended periods, the research assesses the impact of in-game rewards, challenges, and social interactions on players’ motivation and adherence to fitness goals. The paper employs a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, including surveys, biometric data, and in-game analytics, to provide a comprehensive understanding of how game mechanics influence physical activity patterns, health outcomes, and sustained engagement.</p>
  103. <p>This study examines the psychological effects of mobile game addiction, including its impact on mental health, social relationships, and academic performance. It also explores societal perceptions of gaming addiction and discusses potential interventions and preventive measures.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/1564079382" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://570961075713-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://149782773035-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://943305453559-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://657238642621-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://908201896226-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://771027093726-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://591853943873-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://053675253456-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://165538197282-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://687064460728-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://353799315868-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://688416684481-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://937919845114-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/1564079382" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://046532401242-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/1564079382" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://910458542243-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/1564079382" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://227749244807-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/1564079382" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://157282473529-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/1564079382" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://474608931716-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/1564079382" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://731121946764-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/1564079382" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://912264102672-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/1564079382" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?565647210333&amp;url=https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/1564079382" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?527294786912&amp;url=https://naver527294786912-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?333691848412&amp;url=https://naver333691848412-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?144287549369&amp;url=https://naver144287549369-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?737339663033&amp;url=https://naver737339663033-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?117969274602&amp;url=https://naver117969274602-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?357393277000&amp;url=https://naver357393277000-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?977380691498&amp;url=https://naver977380691498-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?315775001741&amp;url=https://naver315775001741-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?168869867595&amp;url=https://naver168869867595-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?654793635112&amp;url=https://naver654793635112-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?723997014990&amp;url=https://naver723997014990-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?886546002582&amp;url=https://naver886546002582-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-945466649049.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-750140239983.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-694852047593.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-258162147161.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-185184443829.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-123882218135.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-349065284792.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-237529542831.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-153066501507.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-135514837690.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-644837053360.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/1564079382" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-010171885346.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/1564079382" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-730590654048.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/1564079382" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-843289281299.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/1564079382" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-477911684744.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/1564079382" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-709113097316.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/1564079382" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-344564412103-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/1564079382" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-371846216237-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/1564079382" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-537378912469-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/1564079382" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/3951604872">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg" alt="Automated Testing Frameworks for Large-Scale Mobile Game Deployments" title="Automated Testing Frameworks for Large-Scale Mobile Game Deployments" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-3951604872.mit-edu.top/post/3951604872/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/3951604872">Automated Testing Frameworks for Large-Scale Mobile Game Deployments</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study investigates the use of gamification techniques in mobile learning applications, focusing on how game-like elements such as scoring, badges, and leaderboards influence user engagement and motivation. It assesses the effectiveness of gamification in enhancing learning outcomes, particularly in educational apps targeting children and young adults. The paper also addresses challenges in designing gamified systems that balance educational value with entertainment.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/3951604872" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/3.jpg" alt="Automated Testing Frameworks for Large-Scale Mobile Game Deployments" title="Automated Testing Frameworks for Large-Scale Mobile Game Deployments" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Rebecca Cook</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/9857423601">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/16.jpg" alt="Differential Privacy Mechanisms for Game User Data in Mobile Ecosystems" title="Differential Privacy Mechanisms for Game User Data in Mobile Ecosystems" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-9857423601.mit-edu.top/post/9857423601/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/9857423601">Differential Privacy Mechanisms for Game User Data in Mobile Ecosystems</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper investigates the use of mobile games and gamification techniques in areas beyond entertainment, such as education, healthcare, and corporate training. It examines how game mechanics are applied to encourage desired behaviors, improve productivity, and enhance learning outcomes. The study also analyzes the effectiveness and challenges of gamification strategies, highlighting case studies from various industries.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/9857423601" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/16.jpg" alt="Differential Privacy Mechanisms for Game User Data in Mobile Ecosystems" title="Differential Privacy Mechanisms for Game User Data in Mobile Ecosystems" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Doris Patterson</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/0495371862">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/20.jpg" alt="Optimizing Reward Systems for Subscription-Based Game Services" title="Optimizing Reward Systems for Subscription-Based Game Services" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-0495371862.mit-edu.top/post/0495371862/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/0495371862">Optimizing Reward Systems for Subscription-Based Game Services</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research examines the application of Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) in mobile game design, particularly in optimizing the balance between game complexity and player capacity for information processing. The study investigates how mobile game developers can use CLT principles to design games that maximize player learning and engagement by minimizing cognitive overload. Drawing on cognitive psychology and game design theory, the paper explores how different types of cognitive load—intrinsic, extraneous, and germane—affect player performance, frustration, and enjoyment. The research also proposes strategies for using game mechanics, tutorials, and difficulty progression to ensure an optimal balance of cognitive load throughout the gameplay experience.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://586611.mit-edu.top/post/0495371862" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/6.jpg" alt="Optimizing Reward Systems for Subscription-Based Game Services" title="Optimizing Reward Systems for Subscription-Based Game Services" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Mary Johnson</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda