It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/0694187325

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Cognitive Outcomes of Simulation-Based Learning in Game Environments #533758249181 (2025-02-03)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/0694187325">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Cognitive Outcomes of Simulation-Based Learning in Game Environments" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Cognitive Outcomes of Simulation-Based Learning in Game Environments #533758249181 (2025-02-03)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/0694187325" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-03T00:12:21Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Charles Taylor" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Cognitive Outcomes of Simulation-Based Learning in Game Environments #533758249181 (2025-02-03)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Charles Taylor",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/0694187325"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-03T00:12:21Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/533758249181"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://636097.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "533758249181",
  52.            "abstract": "Cognitive Outcomes of Simulation-Based Learning in Game Environments #533758249181 (2025-02-03)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Cognitive Outcomes of Simulation-Based Learning in Game Environments",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Charles Taylor",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-03T00:12:21Z",
  58.                "url": "https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/0694187325"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://636097.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/13.jpg" alt="Cognitive Outcomes of Simulation-Based Learning in Game Environments" title="Cognitive Outcomes of Simulation-Based Learning in Game Environments" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Charles Taylor</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-03</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Cognitive Outcomes of Simulation-Based Learning in Game Environments</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Charles Taylor for contributing the article "Cognitive Outcomes of Simulation-Based Learning in Game Environments".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg" alt="Cognitive Outcomes of Simulation-Based Learning in Game Environments" title="Cognitive Outcomes of Simulation-Based Learning in Game Environments" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>Accessibility initiatives in gaming are essential to ensuring inclusivity and equal opportunities for players of all abilities. Features such as customizable controls, colorblind modes, subtitles, and assistive technologies empower gamers with disabilities to enjoy gaming experiences on par with their peers, fostering a more inclusive and welcoming gaming ecosystem.</p>
  100. <p>This paper investigates the potential of neurofeedback and biofeedback techniques in mobile games to enhance player performance and overall gaming experience. The research examines how mobile games can integrate real-time brainwave monitoring, heart rate variability, and galvanic skin response to provide players with personalized feedback and guidance to improve focus, relaxation, or emotional regulation. Drawing on neuropsychology and biofeedback research, the study explores the cognitive and emotional benefits of biofeedback-based game mechanics, particularly in improving players' attention, stress management, and learning outcomes. The paper also discusses the ethical concerns related to the use of biofeedback data and the potential risks of manipulating player physiology.</p>
  101. <p>This study applies social network analysis (SNA) to investigate the role of social influence and network dynamics in mobile gaming communities. It examines how social relationships, information flow, and peer-to-peer interactions within these communities shape player behavior, preferences, and engagement patterns. The research builds upon social learning theory and network theory to model the spread of gaming behaviors, including game adoption, in-game purchases, and the sharing of strategies and achievements. The study also explores how mobile games leverage social influence mechanisms, such as multiplayer collaboration and social rewards, to enhance player retention and lifetime value.</p>
  102. <p>The social fabric of gaming is woven through online multiplayer experiences, where players collaborate, compete, and form lasting friendships in virtual realms. Whether teaming up in cooperative missions or facing off in intense PvP battles, the camaraderie and sense of community fostered by online gaming platforms transcend geographical distances, creating bonds that extend beyond the digital domain.</p>
  103. <p>Virtual reality transports players to alternate dimensions, blurring the lines between reality and fiction, and offering glimpses of futuristic realms yet to be explored. Through immersive simulations and interactive experiences, VR technology revolutionizes gaming, providing unprecedented levels of immersion and engagement. From virtual adventures in space to realistic simulations of historical events, VR opens doors to limitless possibilities, inviting players to step into worlds beyond imagination.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/0694187325" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://494053153396-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://307476751785-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://228429669074-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://389729360117-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://792861494236-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://192109548511-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://548569238525-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://764198718028-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://073834089846-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://779621108527-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://398100008381-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://880874441404-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://615477107927-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/0694187325" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://937766955032-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/0694187325" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://487627189626-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/0694187325" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://447130933610-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/0694187325" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://316910168921-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/0694187325" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://649612356170-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/0694187325" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://164435566167-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/0694187325" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://173976031002-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/0694187325" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?338045062415&amp;url=https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/0694187325" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?062688496893&amp;url=https://naver062688496893-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?407518841646&amp;url=https://naver407518841646-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?252494000378&amp;url=https://naver252494000378-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?118898248000&amp;url=https://naver118898248000-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?884059684934&amp;url=https://naver884059684934-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?335472393173&amp;url=https://naver335472393173-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?907808987382&amp;url=https://naver907808987382-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?351854398835&amp;url=https://naver351854398835-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?064382782572&amp;url=https://naver064382782572-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?361009335410&amp;url=https://naver361009335410-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?859733230778&amp;url=https://naver859733230778-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?957104430540&amp;url=https://naver957104430540-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-574026111185.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-408476372092.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-536590648051.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-762870321279.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-906116369019.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-183999165353.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-496523513234.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-871872781180.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-097633072634.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-996219706884.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-153361461135.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/0694187325" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-533797286918.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/0694187325" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-898576092328.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/0694187325" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-565789232511.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/0694187325" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-330922811679.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/0694187325" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-379511468047.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/0694187325" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-960222456459-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/0694187325" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-730808736697-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/0694187325" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-834749445568-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/0694187325" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/3645780291">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg" alt="Seasonal Events and Their Effect on In-Game Revenue Streams" title="Seasonal Events and Their Effect on In-Game Revenue Streams" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-3645780291.mit-edu.top/post/3645780291/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-03</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/3645780291">Seasonal Events and Their Effect on In-Game Revenue Streams</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">The fusion of gaming and storytelling has birthed narrative-driven masterpieces that transport players on epic journeys filled with rich characters, moral dilemmas, and immersive worlds. Role-playing games (RPGs), interactive dramas, and story-driven adventures weave intricate narratives that resonate with players on emotional, intellectual, and narrative levels, blurring the line between gaming and literature.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/3645780291" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/13.jpg" alt="Seasonal Events and Their Effect on In-Game Revenue Streams" title="Seasonal Events and Their Effect on In-Game Revenue Streams" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Lisa Walker</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-03 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/3896721045">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/19.jpg" alt="Dynamic Texture Streaming in Open-World Mobile Games Using Graph Neural Networks" title="Dynamic Texture Streaming in Open-World Mobile Games Using Graph Neural Networks" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-3896721045.mit-edu.top/post/3896721045/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-03</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/3896721045">Dynamic Texture Streaming in Open-World Mobile Games Using Graph Neural Networks</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This research investigates the use of mobile games in health interventions, particularly in promoting positive health behavior changes such as physical activity, nutrition, and mental well-being. The study examines how gamification elements such as progress tracking, rewards, and challenges can be integrated into mobile health apps to increase user motivation and adherence to healthy behaviors. Drawing on behavioral psychology and health promotion theories, the paper explores the effectiveness of mobile games in influencing health-related outcomes and discusses the potential for using game mechanics to target specific health issues, such as obesity, stress management, and smoking cessation. The research also considers the ethical implications of using gaming techniques in health interventions, focusing on privacy concerns, user consent, and data security.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/3896721045" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/18.jpg" alt="Dynamic Texture Streaming in Open-World Mobile Games Using Graph Neural Networks" title="Dynamic Texture Streaming in Open-World Mobile Games Using Graph Neural Networks" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Brenda Watson</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-03 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/7634815902">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg" alt="The Role of Dopamine Dynamics in Player Reward Systems" title="The Role of Dopamine Dynamics in Player Reward Systems" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-7634815902.mit-edu.top/post/7634815902/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-03</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/7634815902">The Role of Dopamine Dynamics in Player Reward Systems</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research critically examines the ethical implications of data mining in mobile games, particularly concerning the collection and analysis of player data for monetization, personalization, and behavioral profiling. The paper evaluates how mobile game developers utilize big data, machine learning, and predictive analytics to gain insights into player behavior, highlighting the risks associated with data privacy, consent, and exploitation. Drawing on theories of privacy ethics and consumer protection, the study discusses potential regulatory frameworks and industry standards aimed at safeguarding user rights while maintaining the economic viability of mobile gaming businesses.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://636097.mit-edu.top/post/7634815902" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="The Role of Dopamine Dynamics in Player Reward Systems" title="The Role of Dopamine Dynamics in Player Reward Systems" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Amanda Evans</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-03 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda