It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/0167283954

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Digital Empathy: Examining the Role of Games in Building Interpersonal Understanding #958809769941 (2025-01-31)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/0167283954">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Digital Empathy: Examining the Role of Games in Building Interpersonal Understanding" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Digital Empathy: Examining the Role of Games in Building Interpersonal Understanding #958809769941 (2025-01-31)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/0167283954" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/11.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T13:53:16Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Timothy Butler" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Digital Empathy: Examining the Role of Games in Building Interpersonal Understanding #958809769941 (2025-01-31)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Timothy Butler",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/0167283954"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T13:53:16Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/11.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/958809769941"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://714999.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "958809769941",
  52.            "abstract": "Digital Empathy: Examining the Role of Games in Building Interpersonal Understanding #958809769941 (2025-01-31)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Digital Empathy: Examining the Role of Games in Building Interpersonal Understanding",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Timothy Butler",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T13:53:16Z",
  58.                "url": "https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/0167283954"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://714999.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/19.jpg" alt="Digital Empathy: Examining the Role of Games in Building Interpersonal Understanding" title="Digital Empathy: Examining the Role of Games in Building Interpersonal Understanding" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Timothy Butler</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-01-31</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Digital Empathy: Examining the Role of Games in Building Interpersonal Understanding</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Timothy Butler for contributing the article "Digital Empathy: Examining the Role of Games in Building Interpersonal Understanding".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/11.jpg" alt="Digital Empathy: Examining the Role of Games in Building Interpersonal Understanding" title="Digital Empathy: Examining the Role of Games in Building Interpersonal Understanding" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This paper explores how mobile games can be used to raise awareness about environmental issues and promote sustainable behaviors. Drawing on environmental psychology and game-based learning, the study investigates how game mechanics such as resource management, ecological simulations, and narrative-driven environmental challenges can educate players about sustainability. The research examines case studies of games that integrate environmental themes, analyzing their impact on players' attitudes toward climate change, waste reduction, and conservation efforts. The paper proposes a framework for designing mobile games that not only entertain but also foster environmental stewardship and collective action.</p>
  100. <p>This paper investigates the dynamics of cooperation and competition in multiplayer mobile games, focusing on how these social dynamics shape player behavior, engagement, and satisfaction. The research examines how mobile games design cooperative gameplay elements, such as team-based challenges, shared objectives, and resource sharing, alongside competitive mechanics like leaderboards, rankings, and player-vs-player modes. The study explores the psychological effects of cooperation and competition, drawing on theories of social interaction, motivation, and group dynamics. It also discusses the implications of collaborative play for building player communities, fostering social connections, and enhancing overall player enjoyment.</p>
  101. <p>This study examines how engaging with mobile games affects attention span and cognitive control processes. It investigates both the potential benefits, such as improved focus, and the risks, such as attention deficits.This paper analyzes the development and diversification of mobile game genres over time, highlighting key trends and innovative game mechanics. It discusses how these changes reflect technological advancements and shifting player preferences.</p>
  102. <p>This research investigates how mobile gaming influences cognitive skills such as problem-solving, attention span, and spatial reasoning. It analyzes both positive and negative effects, providing insights into the potential educational benefits and drawbacks of mobile gaming.</p>
  103. <p>This research examines the integration of mixed reality (MR) technologies, combining elements of both augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), into mobile games. The study explores how MR can enhance player immersion by providing interactive, context-aware experiences that blend the virtual and physical worlds. Drawing on immersive media theories and user experience research, the paper investigates how MR technologies can create more engaging and dynamic gameplay experiences, including new forms of storytelling, exploration, and social interaction. The research also addresses the technical challenges of implementing MR in mobile games, such as hardware constraints, spatial mapping, and real-time rendering, and provides recommendations for developers seeking to leverage MR in mobile game design.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/0167283954" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://341511576605-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://243911510017-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://183618542703-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://850420055446-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://608609418880-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://635815291244-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://349884545315-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://357135199780-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://300434969958-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://312854489103-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://722691721774-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://261157998274-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://712633905274-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/0167283954" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://346524050166-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/0167283954" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://965892274537-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/0167283954" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://838365890552-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/0167283954" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://957974661141-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/0167283954" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://478822506342-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/0167283954" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://921977272070-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/0167283954" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://536741989871-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/0167283954" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?032666869067&amp;url=https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/0167283954" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?784091145810&amp;url=https://naver784091145810-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?918996099366&amp;url=https://naver918996099366-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?052968747256&amp;url=https://naver052968747256-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?460942943832&amp;url=https://naver460942943832-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?432379974170&amp;url=https://naver432379974170-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?045760306300&amp;url=https://naver045760306300-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?694977121458&amp;url=https://naver694977121458-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?345863967444&amp;url=https://naver345863967444-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?475015074462&amp;url=https://naver475015074462-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?284330264751&amp;url=https://naver284330264751-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?048882229720&amp;url=https://naver048882229720-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?238785014447&amp;url=https://naver238785014447-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-564949153941.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-174157280059.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-560015762157.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-072467584099.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-717723789780.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-356572289526.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-284784655438.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-706784710467.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-795648366835.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-200854635204.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-785722501076.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/0167283954" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-903587117293.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/0167283954" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-656186565138.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/0167283954" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-488695285644.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/0167283954" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-355175441059.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/0167283954" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-615239088847.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/0167283954" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-376931366974-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/0167283954" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-418514586109-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/0167283954" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-007992729322-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/0167283954" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/0671325849">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/11.jpg" alt="Automated Testing Pipelines for Cross-Platform Mobile Game Development" title="Automated Testing Pipelines for Cross-Platform Mobile Game Development" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-0671325849.mit-edu.top/post/0671325849/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/0671325849">Automated Testing Pipelines for Cross-Platform Mobile Game Development</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This paper applies semiotic analysis to the narratives and interactive elements within mobile games, focusing on how mobile games act as cultural artifacts that reflect and shape societal values, ideologies, and cultural norms. The study investigates how game developers use signs, symbols, and codes within mobile games to communicate meaning to players and how players interpret these signs in diverse cultural contexts. By analyzing various mobile games across genres, the paper explores the role of games in reinforcing or challenging cultural representations, identity politics, and the formation of global gaming cultures. The research offers a critique of the ways in which mobile games participate in the construction of collective cultural memory.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/0671325849" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/19.jpg" alt="Automated Testing Pipelines for Cross-Platform Mobile Game Development" title="Automated Testing Pipelines for Cross-Platform Mobile Game Development" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Raymond Henderson</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/6109458237">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/20.jpg" alt="The Role of AI in Procedural Content Generation for AR/VR Experiences" title="The Role of AI in Procedural Content Generation for AR/VR Experiences" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-6109458237.mit-edu.top/post/6109458237/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/6109458237">The Role of AI in Procedural Content Generation for AR/VR Experiences</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">Esports, the competitive gaming phenomenon, has experienced an unprecedented surge in popularity, evolving into a multi-billion-dollar industry with professional players competing for lucrative prize pools in tournaments watched by millions of viewers worldwide. The rise of esports has not only elevated gaming to a mainstream spectacle but has also paved the way for new career opportunities and avenues for aspiring gamers to showcase their skills on a global stage.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/6109458237" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/20.jpg" alt="The Role of AI in Procedural Content Generation for AR/VR Experiences" title="The Role of AI in Procedural Content Generation for AR/VR Experiences" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Laura Bell</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/6712895340">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" alt="Ambient Intelligence in Game Ecosystems: A Vision for the Future" title="Ambient Intelligence in Game Ecosystems: A Vision for the Future" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-6712895340.mit-edu.top/post/6712895340/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/6712895340">Ambient Intelligence in Game Ecosystems: A Vision for the Future</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">The storytelling in video games has matured into an art form, offering players complex narratives filled with rich characters, moral dilemmas, and emotionally resonant experiences that rival those found in literature and cinema. Players are no longer passive consumers but active participants in interactive narratives, shaping the outcome of stories through their choices and actions. This interactive storytelling blurs the line between player and protagonist, creating deeply personal and immersive narratives that leave a lasting impact.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://714999.mit-edu.top/post/6712895340" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/10.jpg" alt="Ambient Intelligence in Game Ecosystems: A Vision for the Future" title="Ambient Intelligence in Game Ecosystems: A Vision for the Future" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Carol Campbell</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda