It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/4693750812

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Cultural Sensitivity in AI Personalization for Global Mobile Games #922503885041 (2025-01-31)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/4693750812">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Cultural Sensitivity in AI Personalization for Global Mobile Games" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Cultural Sensitivity in AI Personalization for Global Mobile Games #922503885041 (2025-01-31)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/4693750812" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T07:15:05Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Margaret Allen" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Cultural Sensitivity in AI Personalization for Global Mobile Games #922503885041 (2025-01-31)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Margaret Allen",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/4693750812"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T07:15:05Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/922503885041"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://769537.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "922503885041",
  52.            "abstract": "Cultural Sensitivity in AI Personalization for Global Mobile Games #922503885041 (2025-01-31)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Cultural Sensitivity in AI Personalization for Global Mobile Games",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Margaret Allen",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T07:15:05Z",
  58.                "url": "https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/4693750812"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://769537.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/10.jpg" alt="Cultural Sensitivity in AI Personalization for Global Mobile Games" title="Cultural Sensitivity in AI Personalization for Global Mobile Games" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Margaret Allen</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-01-31</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Cultural Sensitivity in AI Personalization for Global Mobile Games</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Margaret Allen for contributing the article "Cultural Sensitivity in AI Personalization for Global Mobile Games".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" alt="Cultural Sensitivity in AI Personalization for Global Mobile Games" title="Cultural Sensitivity in AI Personalization for Global Mobile Games" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This study examines the political economy of mobile game development, focusing on the labor dynamics, capital flows, and global supply chains that underpin the mobile gaming industry. The research investigates how outsourcing, labor exploitation, and the concentration of power in the hands of large multinational corporations shape the development and distribution of mobile games. Drawing on Marxist economic theory and critical media studies, the paper critiques the economic models that drive the mobile gaming industry and offers a critical analysis of the ethical, social, and political implications of the industry's global production networks.</p>
  100. <p>Virtual reality gaming has unlocked a new dimension of immersion, transporting players into fantastical realms where they can interact with virtual environments and characters in ways previously unimaginable. The sensory richness of VR experiences, coupled with intuitive motion controls, has redefined how players engage with games, blurring the boundaries between the digital realm and the physical world.</p>
  101. <p>This study explores the social and economic implications of microtransactions in mobile gaming, focusing on player behavior, spending patterns, and the potential for addiction. It also investigates the broader effects on the gaming industry, such as the shift in business models, the emergence of virtual economies, and the ethical concerns surrounding "pay-to-win" mechanics. The research offers policy recommendations to address these issues in a balanced manner.</p>
  102. <p>This study examines the ethical implications of data collection practices in mobile games, focusing on how player data is used to personalize experiences, target advertisements, and influence in-game purchases. The research investigates the risks associated with data privacy violations, surveillance, and the exploitation of vulnerable players, particularly minors and those with addictive tendencies. By drawing on ethical frameworks from information technology ethics, the paper discusses the ethical responsibilities of game developers in balancing data-driven business models with player privacy. It also proposes guidelines for designing mobile games that prioritize user consent, transparency, and data protection.</p>
  103. <p>This research applies behavioral economics theories to the analysis of in-game purchasing behavior in mobile games, exploring how psychological factors such as loss aversion, framing effects, and the endowment effect influence players' spending decisions. The study investigates the role of game design in encouraging or discouraging spending behavior, particularly within free-to-play models that rely on microtransactions. The paper examines how developers use pricing strategies, scarcity mechanisms, and rewards to motivate players to make purchases, and how these strategies impact player satisfaction, long-term retention, and overall game profitability. The research also considers the ethical concerns associated with in-game purchases, particularly in relation to vulnerable players.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/4693750812" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://742347832933-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://536805327627-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://617964748082-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://765969213903-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://536209070777-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://242040327923-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://854155509239-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://236313138343-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://475178453978-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://538461485116-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://529363701328-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://164462325162-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://310822475411-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/4693750812" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://882914821278-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/4693750812" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://500127368440-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/4693750812" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://698140328510-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/4693750812" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://093221081094-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/4693750812" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://830675735659-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/4693750812" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://681543553975-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/4693750812" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://074283676733-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/4693750812" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?207873731886&amp;url=https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/4693750812" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?241549147576&amp;url=https://naver241549147576-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?933516947725&amp;url=https://naver933516947725-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?098287801055&amp;url=https://naver098287801055-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?060727311773&amp;url=https://naver060727311773-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?477149649577&amp;url=https://naver477149649577-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?268474071143&amp;url=https://naver268474071143-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?984051499113&amp;url=https://naver984051499113-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?088045861619&amp;url=https://naver088045861619-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?026131520036&amp;url=https://naver026131520036-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?275187496390&amp;url=https://naver275187496390-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?877048951674&amp;url=https://naver877048951674-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?726720347956&amp;url=https://naver726720347956-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-706336424138.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-033190673346.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-380186767301.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-043466279699.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-756091620748.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-415155269606.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-324293169868.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-931905847363.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-889850583902.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-228215108299.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-883619008083.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/4693750812" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-031332655486.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/4693750812" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-097927815286.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/4693750812" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-287085499622.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/4693750812" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-988436146839.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/4693750812" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-520148877586.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/4693750812" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-125198387231-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/4693750812" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-945639591606-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/4693750812" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-483241854463-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/4693750812" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/0753648912">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" alt="Predicting Viral Game Success Through Early Market Trends" title="Predicting Viral Game Success Through Early Market Trends" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-0753648912.mit-edu.top/post/0753648912/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/0753648912">Predicting Viral Game Success Through Early Market Trends</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This research examines the integration of mixed reality (MR) technologies, combining elements of both augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), into mobile games. The study explores how MR can enhance player immersion by providing interactive, context-aware experiences that blend the virtual and physical worlds. Drawing on immersive media theories and user experience research, the paper investigates how MR technologies can create more engaging and dynamic gameplay experiences, including new forms of storytelling, exploration, and social interaction. The research also addresses the technical challenges of implementing MR in mobile games, such as hardware constraints, spatial mapping, and real-time rendering, and provides recommendations for developers seeking to leverage MR in mobile game design.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/0753648912" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/10.jpg" alt="Predicting Viral Game Success Through Early Market Trends" title="Predicting Viral Game Success Through Early Market Trends" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Barbara Garcia</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/5680132974">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="Modeling Player Behavior in Decentralized Virtual Economies" title="Modeling Player Behavior in Decentralized Virtual Economies" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-5680132974.mit-edu.top/post/5680132974/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/5680132974">Modeling Player Behavior in Decentralized Virtual Economies</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This study examines the growing trend of fitness-related mobile games, which use game mechanics to motivate players to engage in physical activities. It evaluates the effectiveness of these games in promoting healthier behaviors and increasing physical activity levels. The paper also investigates the psychological factors behind players’ motivation to exercise through games and explores the future potential of fitness gamification in public health campaigns.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/5680132974" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/7.jpg" alt="Modeling Player Behavior in Decentralized Virtual Economies" title="Modeling Player Behavior in Decentralized Virtual Economies" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Stephanie Rogers</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/9180426735">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="The Dark Side of Gamification: Examining Exploitative Design in Mobile Game Monetization" title="The Dark Side of Gamification: Examining Exploitative Design in Mobile Game Monetization" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-9180426735.mit-edu.top/post/9180426735/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/9180426735">The Dark Side of Gamification: Examining Exploitative Design in Mobile Game Monetization</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research examines the application of Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) in mobile game design, particularly in optimizing the balance between game complexity and player capacity for information processing. The study investigates how mobile game developers can use CLT principles to design games that maximize player learning and engagement by minimizing cognitive overload. Drawing on cognitive psychology and game design theory, the paper explores how different types of cognitive load—intrinsic, extraneous, and germane—affect player performance, frustration, and enjoyment. The research also proposes strategies for using game mechanics, tutorials, and difficulty progression to ensure an optimal balance of cognitive load throughout the gameplay experience.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://769537.mit-edu.top/post/9180426735" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/2.jpg" alt="The Dark Side of Gamification: Examining Exploitative Design in Mobile Game Monetization" title="The Dark Side of Gamification: Examining Exploitative Design in Mobile Game Monetization" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Carol Campbell</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda