It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/2731584906

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Understanding the Impact of Player-Driven Economies on Game Longevity #964771265136 (2025-02-05)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/2731584906">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Understanding the Impact of Player-Driven Economies on Game Longevity" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Understanding the Impact of Player-Driven Economies on Game Longevity #964771265136 (2025-02-05)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/2731584906" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-05T07:01:54Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Kenneth Nelson" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Understanding the Impact of Player-Driven Economies on Game Longevity #964771265136 (2025-02-05)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Kenneth Nelson",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/2731584906"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-05T07:01:54Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/964771265136"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://770510.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "964771265136",
  52.            "abstract": "Understanding the Impact of Player-Driven Economies on Game Longevity #964771265136 (2025-02-05)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Understanding the Impact of Player-Driven Economies on Game Longevity",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Kenneth Nelson",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-05T07:01:54Z",
  58.                "url": "https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/2731584906"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://770510.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/10.jpg" alt="Understanding the Impact of Player-Driven Economies on Game Longevity" title="Understanding the Impact of Player-Driven Economies on Game Longevity" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Kenneth Nelson</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-05</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Understanding the Impact of Player-Driven Economies on Game Longevity</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Kenneth Nelson for contributing the article "Understanding the Impact of Player-Driven Economies on Game Longevity".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg" alt="Understanding the Impact of Player-Driven Economies on Game Longevity" title="Understanding the Impact of Player-Driven Economies on Game Longevity" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>Puzzles, as enigmatic as they are rewarding, challenge players' intellect and wit, their solutions often hidden in plain sight yet requiring a discerning eye and a strategic mind to unravel their secrets and claim the coveted rewards. Whether deciphering cryptic clues, manipulating intricate mechanisms, or solving complex riddles, the puzzle-solving aspect of gaming exercises the brain and encourages creative problem-solving skills. The satisfaction of finally cracking a difficult puzzle after careful analysis and experimentation is a testament to the mental agility and perseverance of gamers, rewarding them with a sense of accomplishment and progression.</p>
  100. <p>This study explores the integration of augmented reality (AR) technologies in mobile games, examining how AR enhances user engagement and immersion. It discusses technical challenges, user acceptance, and the future potential of AR in mobile gaming.</p>
  101. <p>This study applies social psychology theories to understand how group identity and collective behavior are formed and manifested within multiplayer mobile games. The research investigates the ways in which players form alliances, establish group norms, and engage in cooperative or competitive behaviors. By analyzing case studies of popular multiplayer mobile games, the paper explores the role of ingroups and outgroups, social influence, and group polarization within game environments. It also examines the psychological effects of online social interaction in gaming communities, discussing how mobile games foster both prosocial behavior and toxic interactions within groups.</p>
  102. <p>This study explores the use of mobile games as tools for political activism and social movements, focusing on how game mechanics can raise awareness about social, environmental, and political issues. By analyzing games that tackle topics such as climate change, racial justice, and gender equality, the paper investigates how game designers incorporate messages of activism into gameplay, narrative structures, and player decisions. The research also examines the potential for mobile games to inspire real-world action, fostering solidarity and collective mobilization through interactive digital experiences. The study offers a critical evaluation of the ethical implications of gamifying serious social issues, particularly in relation to authenticity, message dilution, and exploitation.</p>
  103. <p>This research explores how mobile games contribute to the development of digital literacy skills among young players. It looks at how games can teach skills such as problem-solving, critical thinking, and technology literacy, and how these skills transfer to real-world applications. The study also considers the potential risks associated with mobile gaming, including exposure to online predators and the spread of misinformation, and suggests strategies for promoting safe and effective gaming.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/2731584906" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://317076079445-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://925284902062-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://428253685393-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://900945437966-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://457653995720-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://189729019113-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://657453198864-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://154736854826-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://738659924779-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://089966382765-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://341824497263-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://255622631638-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://266442087169-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/2731584906" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://509335761324-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/2731584906" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://698751587222-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/2731584906" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://430146107141-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/2731584906" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://617859219084-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/2731584906" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://143966109124-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/2731584906" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://745559621316-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/2731584906" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://338246760056-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/2731584906" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?677680165611&amp;url=https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/2731584906" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?684815549363&amp;url=https://naver684815549363-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?040045713582&amp;url=https://naver040045713582-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?698150228700&amp;url=https://naver698150228700-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?254191595590&amp;url=https://naver254191595590-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?171439798504&amp;url=https://naver171439798504-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?636507532941&amp;url=https://naver636507532941-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?100660678821&amp;url=https://naver100660678821-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?891752125876&amp;url=https://naver891752125876-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?529824035101&amp;url=https://naver529824035101-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?279151231307&amp;url=https://naver279151231307-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?529116869852&amp;url=https://naver529116869852-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?266886903819&amp;url=https://naver266886903819-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-042283946967.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-644520856434.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-125517422750.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-145741505968.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-943696119761.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-413698713287.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-348944739008.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-729696838107.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-078497232126.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-590400372341.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-925845552402.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/2731584906" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-225437097047.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/2731584906" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-175409602196.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/2731584906" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-751091324878.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/2731584906" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-688492109750.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/2731584906" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-611830506616.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/2731584906" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-848335193932-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/2731584906" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-253228290483-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/2731584906" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-544106790634-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/2731584906" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/2407168593">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg" alt="Machine Vision for Object Recognition in AR Game Interactions" title="Machine Vision for Object Recognition in AR Game Interactions" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-2407168593.mit-edu.top/post/2407168593/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/2407168593">Machine Vision for Object Recognition in AR Game Interactions</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">Virtual reality transports players to alternate dimensions, blurring the lines between reality and fiction, and offering glimpses of futuristic realms yet to be explored. Through immersive simulations and interactive experiences, VR technology revolutionizes gaming, providing unprecedented levels of immersion and engagement. From virtual adventures in space to realistic simulations of historical events, VR opens doors to limitless possibilities, inviting players to step into worlds beyond imagination.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/2407168593" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/10.jpg" alt="Machine Vision for Object Recognition in AR Game Interactions" title="Machine Vision for Object Recognition in AR Game Interactions" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Maria Anderson</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/1458209367">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg" alt="The Rise of Hyper-Casual Games: Design Principles and Market Dynamics" title="The Rise of Hyper-Casual Games: Design Principles and Market Dynamics" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-1458209367.mit-edu.top/post/1458209367/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/1458209367">The Rise of Hyper-Casual Games: Design Principles and Market Dynamics</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper applies Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) to the design and analysis of mobile games, focusing on how game mechanics, narrative structures, and visual stimuli impact players' cognitive load during gameplay. The study investigates how high levels of cognitive load can hinder learning outcomes and gameplay performance, especially in complex puzzle or strategy games. By combining cognitive psychology and game design theory, the paper develops a framework for balancing intrinsic, extraneous, and germane cognitive load in mobile game environments. The research offers guidelines for developers to optimize user experiences by enhancing mental performance and reducing cognitive fatigue.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/1458209367" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/1.jpg" alt="The Rise of Hyper-Casual Games: Design Principles and Market Dynamics" title="The Rise of Hyper-Casual Games: Design Principles and Market Dynamics" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Cynthia Bailey</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/2053948671">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/11.jpg" alt="Haptic Feedback Integration for Enhanced Tactile Immersion in AR Games" title="Haptic Feedback Integration for Enhanced Tactile Immersion in AR Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-2053948671.mit-edu.top/post/2053948671/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/2053948671">Haptic Feedback Integration for Enhanced Tactile Immersion in AR Games</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This study compares the educational efficacy of mobile games designed for learning with those created purely for entertainment purposes, examining their impacts on knowledge retention, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. Drawing from educational theory, cognitive psychology, and game design, the research evaluates how various game mechanics—such as points, challenges, and feedback loops—affect learning outcomes. The paper investigates how mobile games can bridge the gap between fun and education, proposing a framework for creating hybrid games that are both enjoyable and educational. The research also addresses the challenges of assessing learning outcomes in gamified environments and the role of player motivation in educational success.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://770510.mit-edu.top/post/2053948671" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="Haptic Feedback Integration for Enhanced Tactile Immersion in AR Games" title="Haptic Feedback Integration for Enhanced Tactile Immersion in AR Games" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Angela Cooper</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda