It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/4215768930

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Integrating Behavioral Economics into Game Design to Improve Player Retention #113309757532 (2025-02-01)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/4215768930">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Integrating Behavioral Economics into Game Design to Improve Player Retention" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Integrating Behavioral Economics into Game Design to Improve Player Retention #113309757532 (2025-02-01)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/4215768930" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/4.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-01T01:54:41Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Harold Matthews" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Integrating Behavioral Economics into Game Design to Improve Player Retention #113309757532 (2025-02-01)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Harold Matthews",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/4215768930"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-01T01:54:41Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/4.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/113309757532"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://779648.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "113309757532",
  52.            "abstract": "Integrating Behavioral Economics into Game Design to Improve Player Retention #113309757532 (2025-02-01)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Integrating Behavioral Economics into Game Design to Improve Player Retention",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Harold Matthews",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-01T01:54:41Z",
  58.                "url": "https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/4215768930"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://779648.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/6.jpg" alt="Integrating Behavioral Economics into Game Design to Improve Player Retention" title="Integrating Behavioral Economics into Game Design to Improve Player Retention" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Harold Matthews</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-01</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Integrating Behavioral Economics into Game Design to Improve Player Retention</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Harold Matthews for contributing the article "Integrating Behavioral Economics into Game Design to Improve Player Retention".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/4.jpg" alt="Integrating Behavioral Economics into Game Design to Improve Player Retention" title="Integrating Behavioral Economics into Game Design to Improve Player Retention" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This research evaluates the environmental sustainability of the mobile gaming industry, focusing on the environmental footprint of game development, distribution, and consumption. The study examines energy consumption patterns, electronic waste generation, and resource use across the mobile gaming lifecycle, offering a comprehensive assessment of the industry's impact on global sustainability. It also explores innovative approaches to mitigate these effects, such as green game design principles, eco-friendly server technologies, and sustainable mobile device manufacturing practices.</p>
  100. <p>This research delves into the phenomenon of digital addiction within the context of mobile gaming, focusing on the psychological mechanisms that contribute to excessive play. The study draws on addiction psychology, neuroscience, and behavioral science to explore how mobile games utilize reward systems, variable reinforcement schedules, and immersive experiences to keep players engaged. The paper examines the societal impacts of mobile gaming addiction, including its effects on productivity, relationships, and mental health. Additionally, it offers policy recommendations for mitigating the negative effects of mobile game addiction, such as implementing healthier game design practices and promoting responsible gaming habits.</p>
  101. <p>Gaming's evolution from the pixelated adventures of classic arcade games to the breathtakingly realistic graphics of contemporary consoles has been nothing short of astounding. Each technological leap has not only enhanced visual fidelity but also deepened immersion, blurring the lines between reality and virtuality. The attention to detail in modern games, from lifelike character animations to dynamic environmental effects, creates an immersive sensory experience that captivates players and transports them to fantastical worlds beyond imagination.</p>
  102. <p>This paper examines the integration of augmented reality (AR) technologies into mobile games and its implications for cognitive processes and social interaction. The research explores how AR gaming enhances spatial awareness, attention, and multitasking abilities by immersing players in real-world environments through digital overlays. Drawing from cognitive psychology and sociocultural theories, the study also investigates how AR mobile games create new forms of social interaction, such as collaborative play, location-based competitions, and shared virtual experiences. The paper discusses the transformative potential of AR for the mobile gaming industry and the ways in which it alters players' perceptions of space and social behavior.</p>
  103. <p>This research applies behavioral economics theories to the analysis of in-game purchasing behavior in mobile games, exploring how psychological factors such as loss aversion, framing effects, and the endowment effect influence players' spending decisions. The study investigates the role of game design in encouraging or discouraging spending behavior, particularly within free-to-play models that rely on microtransactions. The paper examines how developers use pricing strategies, scarcity mechanisms, and rewards to motivate players to make purchases, and how these strategies impact player satisfaction, long-term retention, and overall game profitability. The research also considers the ethical concerns associated with in-game purchases, particularly in relation to vulnerable players.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/4215768930" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://505121880840-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://147929055458-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://739623484006-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://184269284976-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://972428201164-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://513923541068-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://996494081324-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://255371823115-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://479676475014-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://522655180617-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://809220778735-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://383994347613-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://121293983905-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/4215768930" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://072856484783-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/4215768930" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://227988201320-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/4215768930" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://628018616801-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/4215768930" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://440918231930-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/4215768930" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://850993966868-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/4215768930" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://630310464555-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/4215768930" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://479572558648-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/4215768930" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?044621494426&amp;url=https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/4215768930" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?472938575433&amp;url=https://naver472938575433-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?788643457910&amp;url=https://naver788643457910-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?069512260453&amp;url=https://naver069512260453-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?301854222187&amp;url=https://naver301854222187-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?433224331382&amp;url=https://naver433224331382-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?609654085171&amp;url=https://naver609654085171-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?593812666998&amp;url=https://naver593812666998-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?421650911887&amp;url=https://naver421650911887-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?385903053444&amp;url=https://naver385903053444-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?710319162338&amp;url=https://naver710319162338-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?429518346946&amp;url=https://naver429518346946-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?242687069191&amp;url=https://naver242687069191-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-117351293154.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-089774308667.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-473393504249.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-368784282260.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-690567204643.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-994329366234.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-663989949096.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-826291681123.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-060684140449.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-443453036765.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-934047443411.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/4215768930" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-926070924360.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/4215768930" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-763349932347.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/4215768930" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-081432525232.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/4215768930" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-324850827162.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/4215768930" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-156480198232.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/4215768930" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-595018340736-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/4215768930" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-818624949588-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/4215768930" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-598421670182-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/4215768930" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/9683271504">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/4.jpg" alt="The Role of Virtual Communities in Enhancing Player Loyalty" title="The Role of Virtual Communities in Enhancing Player Loyalty" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-9683271504.mit-edu.top/post/9683271504/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/9683271504">The Role of Virtual Communities in Enhancing Player Loyalty</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">Gaming addiction is a complex issue that warrants attention and understanding, as some individuals struggle to find a healthy balance between their gaming pursuits and other responsibilities. It's important to promote responsible gaming habits, encourage breaks, and offer support to those who may be experiencing challenges in managing their gaming habits and overall well-being.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/9683271504" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/6.jpg" alt="The Role of Virtual Communities in Enhancing Player Loyalty" title="The Role of Virtual Communities in Enhancing Player Loyalty" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Carol Campbell</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/9147682053">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg" alt="Exploring the Potential of Wearable Devices for Mobile Gaming Experiences" title="Exploring the Potential of Wearable Devices for Mobile Gaming Experiences" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-9147682053.mit-edu.top/post/9147682053/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/9147682053">Exploring the Potential of Wearable Devices for Mobile Gaming Experiences</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper investigates how different motivational theories, such as self-determination theory (SDT) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB), are applied to mobile health games that aim to promote positive behavioral changes in health-related practices. The study compares various mobile health games and their design elements, including rewards, goal-setting, and social support mechanisms, to evaluate how these elements align with motivational frameworks and influence long-term health behavior change. The paper provides recommendations for designers on how to integrate motivational theory into mobile health games to maximize user engagement, retention, and sustained behavioral modification.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/9147682053" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/3.jpg" alt="Exploring the Potential of Wearable Devices for Mobile Gaming Experiences" title="Exploring the Potential of Wearable Devices for Mobile Gaming Experiences" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Gregory Jenkins</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/0238596147">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/8.jpg" alt="Self-Supervised Learning for Adversarial AI Models in Multiplayer Games" title="Self-Supervised Learning for Adversarial AI Models in Multiplayer Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-0238596147.mit-edu.top/post/0238596147/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/0238596147">Self-Supervised Learning for Adversarial AI Models in Multiplayer Games</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">The evolution of gaming has been a captivating journey through time, spanning from the rudimentary pixelated graphics of early arcade games to the breathtakingly immersive virtual worlds of today's cutting-edge MMORPGs. Over the decades, we've witnessed a remarkable transformation in gaming technology, with advancements in graphics, sound, storytelling, and gameplay mechanics continuously pushing the boundaries of what's possible in interactive entertainment.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://779648.mit-edu.top/post/0238596147" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/13.jpg" alt="Self-Supervised Learning for Adversarial AI Models in Multiplayer Games" title="Self-Supervised Learning for Adversarial AI Models in Multiplayer Games" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Jacqueline Foster</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda