It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/9258431760

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Understanding the Impact of Player-Driven Economies on Game Longevity #815637513992 (2025-02-03)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/9258431760">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Understanding the Impact of Player-Driven Economies on Game Longevity" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Understanding the Impact of Player-Driven Economies on Game Longevity #815637513992 (2025-02-03)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/9258431760" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/4.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-02T21:01:44Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Brandon Barnes" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Understanding the Impact of Player-Driven Economies on Game Longevity #815637513992 (2025-02-03)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Brandon Barnes",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/9258431760"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-02T21:01:44Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/4.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/815637513992"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://831489.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "815637513992",
  52.            "abstract": "Understanding the Impact of Player-Driven Economies on Game Longevity #815637513992 (2025-02-03)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Understanding the Impact of Player-Driven Economies on Game Longevity",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Brandon Barnes",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-02T21:01:44Z",
  58.                "url": "https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/9258431760"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://831489.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/3.jpg" alt="Understanding the Impact of Player-Driven Economies on Game Longevity" title="Understanding the Impact of Player-Driven Economies on Game Longevity" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Brandon Barnes</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-03</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Understanding the Impact of Player-Driven Economies on Game Longevity</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Brandon Barnes for contributing the article "Understanding the Impact of Player-Driven Economies on Game Longevity".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/4.jpg" alt="Understanding the Impact of Player-Driven Economies on Game Longevity" title="Understanding the Impact of Player-Driven Economies on Game Longevity" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>Esports has risen as a global phenomenon, transforming skilled gamers into celebrated athletes. They compete in electrifying tournaments watched by millions, showcasing their talents, earning recognition, fame, and substantial prize pools that rival those of traditional sports. The professionalization of esports has also led to the development of coaching, training facilities, and esports academies, paving the way for a new generation of esports professionals and cementing gaming as a legitimate career path.</p>
  100. <p>This study examines how mobile games can be used as tools for promoting environmental awareness and sustainability. It investigates game mechanics that encourage players to engage in pro-environmental behaviors, such as resource conservation and eco-friendly practices. The paper highlights examples of games that address climate change, conservation, and environmental education, offering insights into how games can influence attitudes and behaviors related to sustainability.</p>
  101. <p>Gaming culture has evolved into a vibrant and interconnected community where players from diverse backgrounds and cultures converge. They share strategies, forge lasting alliances, and engage in friendly competition, turning virtual friendships into real-world connections that span continents. Beyond gaming itself, this global community often rallies around charitable causes, organizing fundraising events, and using their collective influence for social good, showcasing the positive impact of gaming on society.</p>
  102. <p>This research examines the application of Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) in mobile game design, particularly in optimizing the balance between game complexity and player capacity for information processing. The study investigates how mobile game developers can use CLT principles to design games that maximize player learning and engagement by minimizing cognitive overload. Drawing on cognitive psychology and game design theory, the paper explores how different types of cognitive load—intrinsic, extraneous, and germane—affect player performance, frustration, and enjoyment. The research also proposes strategies for using game mechanics, tutorials, and difficulty progression to ensure an optimal balance of cognitive load throughout the gameplay experience.</p>
  103. <p>This paper investigates the impact of mobile gaming on attention span and cognitive load, particularly in relation to multitasking behaviors and the consumption of digital media. The research examines how the fast-paced, highly interactive nature of mobile games affects cognitive processes such as sustained attention, task-switching, and mental fatigue. Using experimental methods and cognitive psychology theories, the study analyzes how different types of mobile games, from casual games to action-packed shooters, influence players’ ability to focus on tasks and process information. The paper explores the long-term effects of mobile gaming on attention span and offers recommendations for mitigating negative impacts, especially in the context of educational and professional environments.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/9258431760" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://329608355772-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://555130678714-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://066167999959-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://785263518032-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://100071588194-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://994989968485-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://736640860867-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://026835335724-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://710568042706-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://792889681275-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://808380851817-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://711992572850-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://819947528366-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/9258431760" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://442623495694-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/9258431760" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://952137229213-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/9258431760" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://975702456619-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/9258431760" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://069628113337-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/9258431760" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://059971368849-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/9258431760" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://085757663625-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/9258431760" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://437860575563-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/9258431760" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?790684693169&amp;url=https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/9258431760" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?835197741527&amp;url=https://naver835197741527-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?584141411479&amp;url=https://naver584141411479-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?949356249759&amp;url=https://naver949356249759-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?533685344868&amp;url=https://naver533685344868-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?919167151087&amp;url=https://naver919167151087-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?601587531890&amp;url=https://naver601587531890-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?334720621537&amp;url=https://naver334720621537-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?343542302461&amp;url=https://naver343542302461-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?215304338710&amp;url=https://naver215304338710-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?872035870134&amp;url=https://naver872035870134-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?365612834364&amp;url=https://naver365612834364-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?898670768061&amp;url=https://naver898670768061-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-659662009670.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-853289769537.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-503300565522.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-833790775104.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-180033893234.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-291843137406.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-584095403517.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-907320750835.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-258098647156.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-707068858581.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-656740275074.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/9258431760" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-949655325031.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/9258431760" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-916874040615.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/9258431760" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-632149643619.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/9258431760" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-142755857545.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/9258431760" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-049000674898.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/9258431760" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-853124139305-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/9258431760" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-990655159160-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/9258431760" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-127616592814-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/9258431760" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/1254783960">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/4.jpg" alt="Hierarchical Neural Networks for Predictive Analytics in Mobile Game User Behavior" title="Hierarchical Neural Networks for Predictive Analytics in Mobile Game User Behavior" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-1254783960.mit-edu.top/post/1254783960/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-03</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/1254783960">Hierarchical Neural Networks for Predictive Analytics in Mobile Game User Behavior</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study examines how mobile games can be used as tools for promoting environmental awareness and sustainability. It investigates game mechanics that encourage players to engage in pro-environmental behaviors, such as resource conservation and eco-friendly practices. The paper highlights examples of games that address climate change, conservation, and environmental education, offering insights into how games can influence attitudes and behaviors related to sustainability.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/1254783960" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/3.jpg" alt="Hierarchical Neural Networks for Predictive Analytics in Mobile Game User Behavior" title="Hierarchical Neural Networks for Predictive Analytics in Mobile Game User Behavior" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Daniel Hall</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-03 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/9361278450">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="Understanding the Impact of Player-Driven Economies on Game Longevity" title="Understanding the Impact of Player-Driven Economies on Game Longevity" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-9361278450.mit-edu.top/post/9361278450/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-03</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/9361278450">Understanding the Impact of Player-Driven Economies on Game Longevity</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the potential role of mobile games in the development of digital twin technologies—virtual replicas of real-world entities and environments—focusing on how gaming engines and simulation platforms can contribute to the creation of accurate, real-time digital representations. The study examines the technological infrastructure required for mobile games to act as tools for digital twin creation, as well as the ethical considerations involved in representing real-world data and experiences in virtual spaces. The paper discusses the convergence of mobile gaming, AI, and the Internet of Things (IoT), proposing new avenues for innovation in both gaming and digital twin industries.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/9361278450" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/8.jpg" alt="Understanding the Impact of Player-Driven Economies on Game Longevity" title="Understanding the Impact of Player-Driven Economies on Game Longevity" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Timothy Butler</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-03 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/2058794163">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg" alt="Understanding Player Retention in Mobile Games: Behavioral Analytics and Patterns" title="Understanding Player Retention in Mobile Games: Behavioral Analytics and Patterns" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-2058794163.mit-edu.top/post/2058794163/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-03</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/2058794163">Understanding Player Retention in Mobile Games: Behavioral Analytics and Patterns</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This study investigates the potential of blockchain technology to decentralize mobile gaming, offering new opportunities for player empowerment and developer autonomy. By leveraging smart contracts, decentralized finance (DeFi), and non-fungible tokens (NFTs), blockchain could allow players to truly own in-game assets, trade them across platforms, and participate in decentralized governance of games. The paper examines the technological challenges, economic opportunities, and legal implications of blockchain integration in mobile gaming ecosystems. It also considers the ethical concerns regarding virtual asset ownership and the potential for blockchain to disrupt existing monetization models.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://831489.mit-edu.top/post/2058794163" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/7.jpg" alt="Understanding Player Retention in Mobile Games: Behavioral Analytics and Patterns" title="Understanding Player Retention in Mobile Games: Behavioral Analytics and Patterns" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Ruth Wood</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-03 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda