It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/7598162340

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Designing Empathy-Driven Games for Social and Political Impact #043084540984 (2025-01-31)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/7598162340">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Designing Empathy-Driven Games for Social and Political Impact" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Designing Empathy-Driven Games for Social and Political Impact #043084540984 (2025-01-31)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/7598162340" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T07:58:57Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Justin Brooks" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Designing Empathy-Driven Games for Social and Political Impact #043084540984 (2025-01-31)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Justin Brooks",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/7598162340"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T07:58:57Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/043084540984"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://850961.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "043084540984",
  52.            "abstract": "Designing Empathy-Driven Games for Social and Political Impact #043084540984 (2025-01-31)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Designing Empathy-Driven Games for Social and Political Impact",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Justin Brooks",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T07:58:57Z",
  58.                "url": "https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/7598162340"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://850961.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="Designing Empathy-Driven Games for Social and Political Impact" title="Designing Empathy-Driven Games for Social and Political Impact" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Justin Brooks</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-01-31</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Designing Empathy-Driven Games for Social and Political Impact</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Justin Brooks for contributing the article "Designing Empathy-Driven Games for Social and Political Impact".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg" alt="Designing Empathy-Driven Games for Social and Political Impact" title="Designing Empathy-Driven Games for Social and Political Impact" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This paper examines how mobile games can be utilized as platforms for social advocacy and political mobilization, particularly in the context of global social movements. The study explores the potential for mobile games to raise awareness about social justice issues, such as climate change, gender equality, and human rights, by engaging players in interactive, narrative-driven activism. By drawing on theories of participatory media and political communication, the research analyzes how game mechanics can be used to simulate real-world social challenges, promote empathy, and encourage collective action. The paper also discusses the ethical challenges of gamifying serious issues and the risks of oversimplification or exploitation of activism.</p>
  100. <p>This paper explores the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning algorithms in predicting player behavior and personalizing mobile game experiences. The research investigates how AI techniques such as collaborative filtering, reinforcement learning, and predictive analytics can be used to adapt game difficulty, narrative progression, and in-game rewards based on individual player preferences and past behavior. By drawing on concepts from behavioral science and AI, the study evaluates the effectiveness of AI-powered personalization in enhancing player engagement, retention, and monetization. The paper also considers the ethical challenges of AI-driven personalization, including the potential for manipulation and algorithmic bias.</p>
  101. <p>This study explores the evolution of virtual economies within mobile games, focusing on the integration of digital currency and blockchain technology. It analyzes how virtual economies are structured in mobile games, including the use of in-game currencies, tradeable assets, and microtransactions. The paper also investigates the potential of blockchain technology to provide decentralized, secure, and transparent virtual economies, examining its impact on player ownership, digital asset exchange, and the creation of new revenue models for developers and players alike.</p>
  102. <p>This study explores the role of player customization in mobile games, focusing on how avatar and character customization can influence player identity, self-expression, and engagement. The research examines how customizing characters, outfits, and other in-game features enables players to create personalized experiences that reflect their preferences and identities. Drawing on social identity theory and self-concept research, the paper investigates how customization fosters emotional attachment to the game, as well as its impact on player behavior, such as social interaction and competition. The study also explores the commercial implications of offering customizable in-game items, including microtransactions and virtual economies.</p>
  103. <p>This research explores the intersection of mobile gaming and behavioral economics, focusing on how in-game purchases influence player decision-making. The study analyzes common behavioral biases, such as the “anchoring effect” and “loss aversion,” that developers exploit to encourage spending. It provides insights into how these economic principles affect the design of monetization strategies and the ethical considerations involved in manipulating player behavior.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/7598162340" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://856069882554-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://085417862453-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://293824209916-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://805050568000-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://886131461753-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://174166756262-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://318128107710-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://956131559966-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://641278409222-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://032804800513-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://678675230458-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://298220434615-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://105157424381-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/7598162340" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://904940870692-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/7598162340" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://736107618223-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/7598162340" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://975304504909-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/7598162340" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://086056229849-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/7598162340" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://601533820461-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/7598162340" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://812312321026-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/7598162340" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://648633604757-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/7598162340" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?140196388620&amp;url=https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/7598162340" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?852964639593&amp;url=https://naver852964639593-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?854230944963&amp;url=https://naver854230944963-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?602464559856&amp;url=https://naver602464559856-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?219268644068&amp;url=https://naver219268644068-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?062469829175&amp;url=https://naver062469829175-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?531416147064&amp;url=https://naver531416147064-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?928335232488&amp;url=https://naver928335232488-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?371389932084&amp;url=https://naver371389932084-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?798595988821&amp;url=https://naver798595988821-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?444693530768&amp;url=https://naver444693530768-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?661960339199&amp;url=https://naver661960339199-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?788560615185&amp;url=https://naver788560615185-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-438415371578.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-502521499346.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-417925469310.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-848095845098.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-247171812615.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-161102287096.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-571181905723.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-805177694804.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-122821489508.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-709271662289.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-948329741024.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/7598162340" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-263224094922.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/7598162340" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-199427312255.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/7598162340" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-139341778191.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/7598162340" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-501003223265.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/7598162340" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-907223747671.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/7598162340" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-859669819910-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/7598162340" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-342668168981-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/7598162340" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-255923118084-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/7598162340" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/9140562378">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg" alt="Behavioral Insights Into the Adoption of Emerging Game Monetization Mechanisms" title="Behavioral Insights Into the Adoption of Emerging Game Monetization Mechanisms" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-9140562378.mit-edu.top/post/9140562378/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/9140562378">Behavioral Insights Into the Adoption of Emerging Game Monetization Mechanisms</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This research critically analyzes the representation of diverse cultures, identities, and experiences in mobile games. It explores how game developers approach diversity and inclusion, from character design to narrative themes. The study discusses the challenges of creating culturally sensitive content while ensuring broad market appeal and the potential social impact of inclusive mobile game design.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/9140562378" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="Behavioral Insights Into the Adoption of Emerging Game Monetization Mechanisms" title="Behavioral Insights Into the Adoption of Emerging Game Monetization Mechanisms" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Emily Carter</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/3096751824">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg" alt="Wearable Technology and Mobile Gaming: A Convergence of Innovation" title="Wearable Technology and Mobile Gaming: A Convergence of Innovation" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-3096751824.mit-edu.top/post/3096751824/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/3096751824">Wearable Technology and Mobile Gaming: A Convergence of Innovation</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the influence of cultural differences on mobile game preferences and playstyles, examining how cultural values, social norms, and gaming traditions shape player behavior and engagement. By drawing on cross-cultural psychology and international marketing research, the study compares player preferences across different regions, including East Asia, North America, and Europe. The research investigates how cultural factors influence choices in game genre, design aesthetics, social interaction, and in-game purchasing behavior. The study also discusses how game developers can design culturally sensitive games that appeal to global audiences while maintaining local relevance, offering strategies for localization and cross-cultural adaptation.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/3096751824" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/10.jpg" alt="Wearable Technology and Mobile Gaming: A Convergence of Innovation" title="Wearable Technology and Mobile Gaming: A Convergence of Innovation" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Doris Patterson</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/0182463975">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/2.jpg" alt="Interface Design for Mobile Games: Balancing Simplicity and Functionality" title="Interface Design for Mobile Games: Balancing Simplicity and Functionality" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-0182463975.mit-edu.top/post/0182463975/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/0182463975">Interface Design for Mobile Games: Balancing Simplicity and Functionality</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This paper investigates the legal and ethical considerations surrounding data collection and user tracking in mobile games. The research examines how mobile game developers collect, store, and utilize player data, including behavioral data, location information, and in-app purchases, to enhance gameplay and monetization strategies. Drawing on data privacy laws such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), the study explores the compliance challenges that mobile game developers face and the ethical implications of player data usage. The paper provides a critical analysis of how developers can balance the need for data with respect for user privacy, offering guidelines for transparent data practices and ethical data management in mobile game development.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://850961.mit-edu.top/post/0182463975" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/9.jpg" alt="Interface Design for Mobile Games: Balancing Simplicity and Functionality" title="Interface Design for Mobile Games: Balancing Simplicity and Functionality" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Walter Hughes</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda