It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/2430875691

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Virtual Reality and Mobile Gaming: Convergence or Divergence? #858487331490 (2025-02-04)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/2430875691">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Virtual Reality and Mobile Gaming: Convergence or Divergence?" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Virtual Reality and Mobile Gaming: Convergence or Divergence? #858487331490 (2025-02-04)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/2430875691" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-03T18:24:06Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Stephen Hamilton" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Virtual Reality and Mobile Gaming: Convergence or Divergence? #858487331490 (2025-02-04)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Stephen Hamilton",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/2430875691"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-03T18:24:06Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/858487331490"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://857053.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "858487331490",
  52.            "abstract": "Virtual Reality and Mobile Gaming: Convergence or Divergence? #858487331490 (2025-02-04)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Virtual Reality and Mobile Gaming: Convergence or Divergence?",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Stephen Hamilton",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-03T18:24:06Z",
  58.                "url": "https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/2430875691"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://857053.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="Virtual Reality and Mobile Gaming: Convergence or Divergence?" title="Virtual Reality and Mobile Gaming: Convergence or Divergence?" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Stephen Hamilton</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-04</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Virtual Reality and Mobile Gaming: Convergence or Divergence?</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Stephen Hamilton for contributing the article "Virtual Reality and Mobile Gaming: Convergence or Divergence?".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg" alt="Virtual Reality and Mobile Gaming: Convergence or Divergence?" title="Virtual Reality and Mobile Gaming: Convergence or Divergence?" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This research explores the potential of blockchain technology to transform the digital economy of mobile games by enabling secure, transparent ownership of in-game assets. The study examines how blockchain can be used to facilitate the creation, trading, and ownership of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) within mobile games, allowing players to buy, sell, and trade unique digital items. Drawing on blockchain technology, game design, and economic theory, the paper investigates the implications of decentralized ownership for game economies, player rights, and digital scarcity. The research also considers the challenges of implementing blockchain in mobile games, including scalability, transaction costs, and the environmental impact of blockchain mining.</p>
  100. <p>This paper explores how mobile games can be used to raise awareness about environmental issues and promote sustainable behaviors. Drawing on environmental psychology and game-based learning, the study investigates how game mechanics such as resource management, ecological simulations, and narrative-driven environmental challenges can educate players about sustainability. The research examines case studies of games that integrate environmental themes, analyzing their impact on players' attitudes toward climate change, waste reduction, and conservation efforts. The paper proposes a framework for designing mobile games that not only entertain but also foster environmental stewardship and collective action.</p>
  101. <p>Game developers are the architects of dreams, weaving intricate codes and visual marvels to craft worlds that inspire awe and ignite passion among players. Behind every pixel and line of code lies a creative vision, a dedication to excellence, and a commitment to delivering memorable experiences. The collaboration between artists, programmers, and storytellers gives rise to masterpieces that captivate the imagination and set new standards for innovation in the gaming industry.</p>
  102. <p>This paper explores the potential role of mobile games in the development of digital twin technologies—virtual replicas of real-world entities and environments—focusing on how gaming engines and simulation platforms can contribute to the creation of accurate, real-time digital representations. The study examines the technological infrastructure required for mobile games to act as tools for digital twin creation, as well as the ethical considerations involved in representing real-world data and experiences in virtual spaces. The paper discusses the convergence of mobile gaming, AI, and the Internet of Things (IoT), proposing new avenues for innovation in both gaming and digital twin industries.</p>
  103. <p>This study explores the impact of augmented reality (AR) technology on player immersion and interaction in mobile games. The research examines how AR, which overlays digital content onto the physical environment, enhances gameplay by providing more interactive, immersive, and contextually rich experiences. Drawing on theories of presence, immersion, and user experience, the paper investigates how AR-based games like Pokémon GO and Ingress engage players in real-world exploration, socialization, and competition. The study also considers the challenges of implementing AR in mobile games, including hardware limitations, spatial awareness, and player safety, and provides recommendations for developers seeking to optimize AR experiences for mobile game audiences.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/2430875691" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://395641994647-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://419565985326-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://275075105779-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://879334075031-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://630163791308-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://819487474308-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://715229482499-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://879909891730-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://477918799311-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://260519497397-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://376440498189-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://958980117168-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://018847584229-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/2430875691" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://268187082981-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/2430875691" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://092709510495-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/2430875691" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://153675502411-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/2430875691" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://110418518898-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/2430875691" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://750799304672-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/2430875691" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://222573785736-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/2430875691" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://688567443412-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/2430875691" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?443910133390&amp;url=https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/2430875691" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?669243811768&amp;url=https://naver669243811768-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?502844189480&amp;url=https://naver502844189480-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?594923099924&amp;url=https://naver594923099924-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?315481341526&amp;url=https://naver315481341526-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?035983942335&amp;url=https://naver035983942335-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?735737168617&amp;url=https://naver735737168617-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?741903507106&amp;url=https://naver741903507106-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?400644217780&amp;url=https://naver400644217780-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?597368142233&amp;url=https://naver597368142233-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?694404054118&amp;url=https://naver694404054118-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?649318478114&amp;url=https://naver649318478114-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?929243503054&amp;url=https://naver929243503054-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-469880745776.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-513434927851.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-112517964842.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-926493155499.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-982777899140.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-936311503143.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-559108007274.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-063977971602.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-763178534454.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-355083580978.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-675736012330.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/2430875691" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-193539064673.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/2430875691" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-031029987460.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/2430875691" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-072306315779.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/2430875691" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-676143446648.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/2430875691" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-637384491622.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/2430875691" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-263841708322-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/2430875691" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-777431295034-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/2430875691" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-573636863257-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/2430875691" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/4283095716">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg" alt="Tokenomics of Play-to-Earn Mobile Games: Opportunities and Risks" title="Tokenomics of Play-to-Earn Mobile Games: Opportunities and Risks" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-4283095716.mit-edu.top/post/4283095716/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/4283095716">Tokenomics of Play-to-Earn Mobile Games: Opportunities and Risks</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">Gaming communities thrive in digital spaces, bustling forums, social media hubs, and streaming platforms where players converge to share strategies, discuss game lore, showcase fan art, and forge connections with fellow enthusiasts. These vibrant communities serve as hubs of creativity, camaraderie, and collective celebration of all things gaming-related.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/4283095716" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="Tokenomics of Play-to-Earn Mobile Games: Opportunities and Risks" title="Tokenomics of Play-to-Earn Mobile Games: Opportunities and Risks" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Evelyn Griffin</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/8061527934">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/15.jpg" alt="Impact of Edge Computing on Real-Time Mobile Multiplayer Games" title="Impact of Edge Computing on Real-Time Mobile Multiplayer Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-8061527934.mit-edu.top/post/8061527934/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/8061527934">Impact of Edge Computing on Real-Time Mobile Multiplayer Games</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This research explores the use of adaptive learning algorithms and machine learning techniques in mobile games to personalize player experiences. The study examines how machine learning models can analyze player behavior and dynamically adjust game content, difficulty levels, and in-game rewards to optimize player engagement. By integrating concepts from reinforcement learning and predictive modeling, the paper investigates the potential of personalized game experiences in increasing player retention and satisfaction. The research also considers the ethical implications of data collection and algorithmic bias, emphasizing the importance of transparent data practices and fair personalization mechanisms in ensuring a positive player experience.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/8061527934" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/12.jpg" alt="Impact of Edge Computing on Real-Time Mobile Multiplayer Games" title="Impact of Edge Computing on Real-Time Mobile Multiplayer Games" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Karen Harris</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/7049325816">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg" alt="Holographic Interfaces for AR Mobile Games in Urban Settings" title="Holographic Interfaces for AR Mobile Games in Urban Settings" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-7049325816.mit-edu.top/post/7049325816/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/7049325816">Holographic Interfaces for AR Mobile Games in Urban Settings</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the use of mobile games as educational tools, assessing their effectiveness in teaching various subjects and skills. It discusses the advantages and limitations of game-based learning in mobile contexts.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://857053.mit-edu.top/post/7049325816" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/19.jpg" alt="Holographic Interfaces for AR Mobile Games in Urban Settings" title="Holographic Interfaces for AR Mobile Games in Urban Settings" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Elizabeth Martinez</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda