It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/3180496572

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Revenue Impact of Dynamic Ad Placements in Mobile Games: An Experimental Study #865120105439 (2025-02-06)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/3180496572">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Revenue Impact of Dynamic Ad Placements in Mobile Games: An Experimental Study" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Revenue Impact of Dynamic Ad Placements in Mobile Games: An Experimental Study #865120105439 (2025-02-06)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/3180496572" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-05T19:58:43Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Sandra Scott" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Revenue Impact of Dynamic Ad Placements in Mobile Games: An Experimental Study #865120105439 (2025-02-06)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Sandra Scott",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/3180496572"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-05T19:58:43Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/865120105439"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://880041.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "865120105439",
  52.            "abstract": "Revenue Impact of Dynamic Ad Placements in Mobile Games: An Experimental Study #865120105439 (2025-02-06)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Revenue Impact of Dynamic Ad Placements in Mobile Games: An Experimental Study",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Sandra Scott",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-05T19:58:43Z",
  58.                "url": "https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/3180496572"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://880041.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/12.jpg" alt="Revenue Impact of Dynamic Ad Placements in Mobile Games: An Experimental Study" title="Revenue Impact of Dynamic Ad Placements in Mobile Games: An Experimental Study" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Sandra Scott</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-06</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Revenue Impact of Dynamic Ad Placements in Mobile Games: An Experimental Study</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Sandra Scott for contributing the article "Revenue Impact of Dynamic Ad Placements in Mobile Games: An Experimental Study".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg" alt="Revenue Impact of Dynamic Ad Placements in Mobile Games: An Experimental Study" title="Revenue Impact of Dynamic Ad Placements in Mobile Games: An Experimental Study" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This research examines the intersection of mobile games and the evolving landscape of media consumption, particularly in the context of journalism and news delivery. The study explores how mobile games are influencing the way users consume information, engage with news stories, and interact with media content. By analyzing game mechanics such as interactive narratives, role-playing elements, and user-driven content creation, the paper investigates how mobile games can be leveraged to deliver news in novel ways that increase engagement and foster critical thinking. The research also addresses the challenges of misinformation, echo chambers, and the ethical implications of gamified news delivery.</p>
  100. <p>This research explores the relationship between mobile gaming habits and academic performance among students. It examines both positive aspects, such as improved cognitive skills, and negative aspects, such as decreased study time and attention.</p>
  101. <p>This study investigates the environmental impact of mobile game development, focusing on energy consumption, resource usage, and sustainability practices within the mobile gaming industry. The research examines the ecological footprint of mobile games, including the energy demands of game servers, device usage, and the carbon footprint of game downloads and updates. Drawing on sustainability studies and environmental science, the paper evaluates the role of game developers in mitigating environmental harm through energy-efficient coding, sustainable development practices, and eco-friendly server infrastructure. The research also explores the potential for mobile games to raise environmental awareness among players and promote sustainable behaviors through in-game content and narratives.</p>
  102. <p>This research investigates how mobile gaming influences cognitive skills such as problem-solving, attention span, and spatial reasoning. It analyzes both positive and negative effects, providing insights into the potential educational benefits and drawbacks of mobile gaming.</p>
  103. <p>This paper examines the psychological factors that drive player motivation in mobile games, focusing on how developers can optimize game design to enhance player engagement and ensure long-term retention. The study investigates key motivational theories, such as Self-Determination Theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior, to explore how intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as autonomy, competence, and relatedness, influence player behavior. Drawing on empirical studies and player data, the research analyzes how different game mechanics, such as rewards, achievements, and social interaction, shape players’ emotional investment and commitment to games. The paper also discusses the role of narrative, social comparison, and competition in sustaining player motivation over time.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/3180496572" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://366120592673-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://899024958267-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://261067194716-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://776033323225-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://620547263469-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://179550237831-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://263596168212-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://939275293148-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://271964081440-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://056877061999-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://518833750856-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://365409405182-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://899988940723-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/3180496572" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://009184820470-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/3180496572" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://310939118117-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/3180496572" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://001083483302-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/3180496572" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://785722864957-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/3180496572" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://878680381599-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/3180496572" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://838278547020-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/3180496572" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://317703480259-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/3180496572" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?398448431268&amp;url=https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/3180496572" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?123826957737&amp;url=https://naver123826957737-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?076102031986&amp;url=https://naver076102031986-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?729946858141&amp;url=https://naver729946858141-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?747410217827&amp;url=https://naver747410217827-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?031239801806&amp;url=https://naver031239801806-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?481306570221&amp;url=https://naver481306570221-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?353136940063&amp;url=https://naver353136940063-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?954144792922&amp;url=https://naver954144792922-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?570603838152&amp;url=https://naver570603838152-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?846843149653&amp;url=https://naver846843149653-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?022314672733&amp;url=https://naver022314672733-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?117932216891&amp;url=https://naver117932216891-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-215270583725.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-292566877571.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-892482513131.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-189561080237.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-825682761010.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-271584703659.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-857981664132.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-409610637895.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-265631516314.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-571995246107.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-170950586049.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/3180496572" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-201832380580.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/3180496572" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-014625343448.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/3180496572" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-497102122205.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/3180496572" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-544693694166.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/3180496572" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-791035984694.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/3180496572" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-907138792152-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/3180496572" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-421847517621-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/3180496572" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-219689179893-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/3180496572" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/5187634902">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg" alt="AI-Augmented Procedural Generation of Complex Quest Structures in Open-World Games" title="AI-Augmented Procedural Generation of Complex Quest Structures in Open-World Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-5187634902.mit-edu.top/post/5187634902/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-06</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/5187634902">AI-Augmented Procedural Generation of Complex Quest Structures in Open-World Games</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">Mobile gaming has democratized access to gaming experiences, empowering billions of smartphone users to dive into a vast array of games ranging from casual puzzles to graphically intensive adventures. The portability and convenience of mobile devices have transformed downtime into playtime, allowing gamers to indulge their passion anytime, anywhere, with a tap of their fingertips.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/5187634902" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/12.jpg" alt="AI-Augmented Procedural Generation of Complex Quest Structures in Open-World Games" title="AI-Augmented Procedural Generation of Complex Quest Structures in Open-World Games" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>James Williams</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-06 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/4713082569">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" alt="Dynamic Pricing Algorithms for In-App Purchases: Insights from Machine Learning Models" title="Dynamic Pricing Algorithms for In-App Purchases: Insights from Machine Learning Models" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-4713082569.mit-edu.top/post/4713082569/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-06</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/4713082569">Dynamic Pricing Algorithms for In-App Purchases: Insights from Machine Learning Models</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">The gaming industry's commercial landscape is fiercely competitive, with companies employing diverse monetization strategies such as microtransactions, downloadable content (DLC), and subscription models to sustain and grow their player bases. Balancing player engagement with revenue generation is a delicate dance that requires thoughtful design and consideration of player feedback.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/4713082569" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/8.jpg" alt="Dynamic Pricing Algorithms for In-App Purchases: Insights from Machine Learning Models" title="Dynamic Pricing Algorithms for In-App Purchases: Insights from Machine Learning Models" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Margaret Allen</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-06 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/4970186235">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg" alt="Generative AI for Dynamic Level Design in Open-Ended Puzzle Games" title="Generative AI for Dynamic Level Design in Open-Ended Puzzle Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-4970186235.mit-edu.top/post/4970186235/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-06</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/4970186235">Generative AI for Dynamic Level Design in Open-Ended Puzzle Games</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research investigates the ethical and psychological implications of microtransaction systems in mobile games, particularly in free-to-play models. The study examines how microtransactions, which allow players to purchase in-game items, cosmetics, or advantages, influence player behavior, spending habits, and overall satisfaction. Drawing on ethical theory and psychological models of consumer decision-making, the paper explores how microtransactions contribute to the phenomenon of “pay-to-win,” exploitation of vulnerable players, and player frustration. The research also evaluates the psychological impact of loot boxes, virtual currency, and in-app purchases, offering recommendations for ethical monetization practices that prioritize player well-being without compromising developer profitability.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://880041.mit-edu.top/post/4970186235" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="Generative AI for Dynamic Level Design in Open-Ended Puzzle Games" title="Generative AI for Dynamic Level Design in Open-Ended Puzzle Games" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Emma Price</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-06 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda