It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/3641852790

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>The Role of Reciprocity in Microtransaction Success Rates #391827481689 (2025-02-02)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/3641852790">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="The Role of Reciprocity in Microtransaction Success Rates" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="The Role of Reciprocity in Microtransaction Success Rates #391827481689 (2025-02-02)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/3641852790" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/9.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-02T10:54:50Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. David Hernandez" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "The Role of Reciprocity in Microtransaction Success Rates #391827481689 (2025-02-02)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. David Hernandez",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/3641852790"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-02T10:54:50Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/9.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/391827481689"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://905599.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "391827481689",
  52.            "abstract": "The Role of Reciprocity in Microtransaction Success Rates #391827481689 (2025-02-02)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "The Role of Reciprocity in Microtransaction Success Rates",
  56.                "author": "Dr. David Hernandez",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-02T10:54:50Z",
  58.                "url": "https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/3641852790"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://905599.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/2.jpg" alt="The Role of Reciprocity in Microtransaction Success Rates" title="The Role of Reciprocity in Microtransaction Success Rates" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">David Hernandez</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-02</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">The Role of Reciprocity in Microtransaction Success Rates</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to David Hernandez for contributing the article "The Role of Reciprocity in Microtransaction Success Rates".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/9.jpg" alt="The Role of Reciprocity in Microtransaction Success Rates" title="The Role of Reciprocity in Microtransaction Success Rates" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This research examines the role of mobile games in fostering virtual empathy, analyzing how game narratives, character design, and player interactions contribute to emotional understanding and compassion. By applying theories of empathy and emotion, the study explores how players engage with in-game characters and scenarios that evoke emotional responses, such as moral dilemmas or relationship-building. The paper investigates the psychological effects of empathetic experiences within mobile games, considering the potential benefits for social learning and emotional intelligence. It also addresses the ethical concerns surrounding the manipulation of emotions in games, particularly in relation to vulnerable populations and sensitive topics.</p>
  100. <p>Esports, the competitive gaming phenomenon, has experienced an unprecedented surge in popularity, evolving into a multi-billion-dollar industry with professional players competing for lucrative prize pools in tournaments watched by millions of viewers worldwide. The rise of esports has not only elevated gaming to a mainstream spectacle but has also paved the way for new career opportunities and avenues for aspiring gamers to showcase their skills on a global stage.</p>
  101. <p>Mobile gaming has democratized access to gaming experiences, empowering billions of smartphone users to dive into a vast array of games ranging from casual puzzles to graphically intensive adventures. The portability and convenience of mobile devices have transformed downtime into playtime, allowing gamers to indulge their passion anytime, anywhere, with a tap of their fingertips.</p>
  102. <p>This research explores the intersection of mobile gaming and digital citizenship, with a focus on the ethical, social, and political implications of gaming in the digital age. Drawing on sociotechnical theory, the study examines how mobile games contribute to the development of civic behaviors, digital literacy, and ethical engagement in online communities. It also explores the role of mobile games in shaping identity, social responsibility, and participatory culture. The paper critically evaluates the positive and negative impacts of mobile games on digital citizenship, and offers policy recommendations for fostering ethical game design and responsible player behavior in the digital ecosystem.</p>
  103. <p>This research examines how mobile games facilitate the creation and exploration of digital identities through avatars and personalized in-game experiences. The study investigates the psychological and sociocultural effects of avatar customization, including how players express aspects of their personality, race, gender, and social identity in virtual environments. Drawing on theories of identity formation, social psychology, and media studies, the paper explores how mobile games can influence players' self-concept, self-esteem, and social interactions both within and outside of game worlds. The research also addresses the ethical implications of identity representation in games, particularly with regard to inclusivity and the reinforcement of social stereotypes.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/3641852790" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://952637172668-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://238395087897-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://431411207570-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://288444377207-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://705595248480-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://510367395140-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://577398079628-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://142081042178-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://808423470210-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://017989803012-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://117424315157-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://405526538237-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://217628830583-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/3641852790" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://014630480933-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/3641852790" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://697520241003-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/3641852790" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://997055366820-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/3641852790" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://968961331093-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/3641852790" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://028229529224-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/3641852790" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://861553540347-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/3641852790" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://581680092815-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/3641852790" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?777690187232&amp;url=https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/3641852790" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?687721579648&amp;url=https://naver687721579648-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?748930517286&amp;url=https://naver748930517286-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?305138496179&amp;url=https://naver305138496179-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?336301276070&amp;url=https://naver336301276070-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?021750490903&amp;url=https://naver021750490903-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?853471414055&amp;url=https://naver853471414055-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?272880892078&amp;url=https://naver272880892078-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?027118404751&amp;url=https://naver027118404751-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?992308825114&amp;url=https://naver992308825114-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?193400312024&amp;url=https://naver193400312024-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?964349538878&amp;url=https://naver964349538878-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?661182502942&amp;url=https://naver661182502942-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-973185682016.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-960858614732.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-092287475894.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-452663350345.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-117690990218.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-966556992158.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-584628240909.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-098110916672.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-361587446808.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-732723733545.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-646314540709.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/3641852790" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-443134917290.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/3641852790" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-663928483114.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/3641852790" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-579649684098.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/3641852790" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-499129285688.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/3641852790" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-437848205269.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/3641852790" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-138638478490-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/3641852790" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-329988731416-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/3641852790" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-346963986749-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/3641852790" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/0865493172">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/9.jpg" alt="Dynamic Texture Streaming in Resource-Constrained Mobile Game Engines" title="Dynamic Texture Streaming in Resource-Constrained Mobile Game Engines" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-0865493172.mit-edu.top/post/0865493172/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/0865493172">Dynamic Texture Streaming in Resource-Constrained Mobile Game Engines</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study examines how mobile games can be used as tools for promoting environmental awareness and sustainability. It investigates game mechanics that encourage players to engage in pro-environmental behaviors, such as resource conservation and eco-friendly practices. The paper highlights examples of games that address climate change, conservation, and environmental education, offering insights into how games can influence attitudes and behaviors related to sustainability.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/0865493172" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/2.jpg" alt="Dynamic Texture Streaming in Resource-Constrained Mobile Game Engines" title="Dynamic Texture Streaming in Resource-Constrained Mobile Game Engines" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Scott Bennett</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/3087265914">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/1.jpg" alt="Automated Testing Frameworks for Large-Scale Mobile Game Deployments" title="Automated Testing Frameworks for Large-Scale Mobile Game Deployments" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-3087265914.mit-edu.top/post/3087265914/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/3087265914">Automated Testing Frameworks for Large-Scale Mobile Game Deployments</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the integration of virtual goods and cryptocurrencies within mobile games, analyzing how these digital assets are reshaping in-game economies and influencing real-world economic practices. The study examines how players engage with virtual currencies and goods, exploring their role in enhancing player agency, fostering virtual economies, and enabling new forms of monetization. The research also explores the potential for blockchain technology to facilitate secure, decentralized in-game transactions, providing insights into the future of digital currencies within the gaming industry and the broader global economy.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/3087265914" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/16.jpg" alt="Automated Testing Frameworks for Large-Scale Mobile Game Deployments" title="Automated Testing Frameworks for Large-Scale Mobile Game Deployments" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Steven Mitchell</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/1204978653">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/6.jpg" alt="Clustering Strategies for Identifying Archetypes of Mobile Gamers in MMO Games" title="Clustering Strategies for Identifying Archetypes of Mobile Gamers in MMO Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-1204978653.mit-edu.top/post/1204978653/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/1204978653">Clustering Strategies for Identifying Archetypes of Mobile Gamers in MMO Games</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This paper examines the psychological factors that drive player motivation in mobile games, focusing on how developers can optimize game design to enhance player engagement and ensure long-term retention. The study investigates key motivational theories, such as Self-Determination Theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior, to explore how intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as autonomy, competence, and relatedness, influence player behavior. Drawing on empirical studies and player data, the research analyzes how different game mechanics, such as rewards, achievements, and social interaction, shape players’ emotional investment and commitment to games. The paper also discusses the role of narrative, social comparison, and competition in sustaining player motivation over time.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://905599.mit-edu.top/post/1204978653" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/20.jpg" alt="Clustering Strategies for Identifying Archetypes of Mobile Gamers in MMO Games" title="Clustering Strategies for Identifying Archetypes of Mobile Gamers in MMO Games" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Samuel Jenkins</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda