It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/3158472690

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Psychological Effects of Avatars on Player Identity and Decision-Making #614109222508 (2025-02-03)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/3158472690">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Psychological Effects of Avatars on Player Identity and Decision-Making" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Psychological Effects of Avatars on Player Identity and Decision-Making #614109222508 (2025-02-03)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/3158472690" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/19.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-03T03:15:11Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Donald Green" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Psychological Effects of Avatars on Player Identity and Decision-Making #614109222508 (2025-02-03)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Donald Green",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/3158472690"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-03T03:15:11Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/19.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/614109222508"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://955916.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "614109222508",
  52.            "abstract": "Psychological Effects of Avatars on Player Identity and Decision-Making #614109222508 (2025-02-03)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Psychological Effects of Avatars on Player Identity and Decision-Making",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Donald Green",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-03T03:15:11Z",
  58.                "url": "https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/3158472690"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://955916.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/14.jpg" alt="Psychological Effects of Avatars on Player Identity and Decision-Making" title="Psychological Effects of Avatars on Player Identity and Decision-Making" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Donald Green</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-03</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Psychological Effects of Avatars on Player Identity and Decision-Making</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Donald Green for contributing the article "Psychological Effects of Avatars on Player Identity and Decision-Making".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/19.jpg" alt="Psychological Effects of Avatars on Player Identity and Decision-Making" title="Psychological Effects of Avatars on Player Identity and Decision-Making" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>Esports, the competitive gaming phenomenon, has experienced an unprecedented surge in popularity, evolving into a multi-billion-dollar industry with professional players competing for lucrative prize pools in tournaments watched by millions of viewers worldwide. The rise of esports has not only elevated gaming to a mainstream spectacle but has also paved the way for new career opportunities and avenues for aspiring gamers to showcase their skills on a global stage.</p>
  100. <p>This paper investigates the ethical implications of digital addiction in mobile games, specifically focusing on the role of game design in preventing compulsive play and overuse. The research explores how game mechanics such as reward systems, social comparison, and time-limited events may contribute to addictive behavior, particularly in vulnerable populations. Drawing on behavioral addiction theories, the study examines how developers can design games that are both engaging and ethical by avoiding exploitative practices while promoting healthy gaming habits. The paper also discusses strategies for mitigating the negative impacts of digital addiction, such as incorporating breaks, time limits, and player welfare features, to reduce the risk of game-related compulsive behavior.</p>
  101. <p>Game developers are the visionary architects behind the mesmerizing worlds and captivating narratives that define modern gaming experiences. Their tireless innovation and creativity have propelled the industry forward, delivering groundbreaking titles that blur the line between reality and fantasy, leaving players awestruck and eager for the next technological marvel.</p>
  102. <p>This paper investigates the legal and ethical considerations surrounding data collection and user tracking in mobile games. The research examines how mobile game developers collect, store, and utilize player data, including behavioral data, location information, and in-app purchases, to enhance gameplay and monetization strategies. Drawing on data privacy laws such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), the study explores the compliance challenges that mobile game developers face and the ethical implications of player data usage. The paper provides a critical analysis of how developers can balance the need for data with respect for user privacy, offering guidelines for transparent data practices and ethical data management in mobile game development.</p>
  103. <p>This research evaluates the environmental sustainability of the mobile gaming industry, focusing on the environmental footprint of game development, distribution, and consumption. The study examines energy consumption patterns, electronic waste generation, and resource use across the mobile gaming lifecycle, offering a comprehensive assessment of the industry's impact on global sustainability. It also explores innovative approaches to mitigate these effects, such as green game design principles, eco-friendly server technologies, and sustainable mobile device manufacturing practices.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/3158472690" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://954777086029-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://250565333360-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://765851156633-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://341044079026-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://650996072568-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://674347671885-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://382395051050-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://658914872206-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://074162701030-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://536631707508-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://086207904321-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://601705759413-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://583344142873-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/3158472690" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://564006266447-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/3158472690" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://912964223657-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/3158472690" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://072350617028-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/3158472690" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://744488180377-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/3158472690" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://709064872107-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/3158472690" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://269971745283-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/3158472690" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://192239919826-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/3158472690" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?304525342249&amp;url=https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/3158472690" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?313942352576&amp;url=https://naver313942352576-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?567559180632&amp;url=https://naver567559180632-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?177391233627&amp;url=https://naver177391233627-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?962210877522&amp;url=https://naver962210877522-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?541505812652&amp;url=https://naver541505812652-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?775148844166&amp;url=https://naver775148844166-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?243906250410&amp;url=https://naver243906250410-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?992157435940&amp;url=https://naver992157435940-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?834351975376&amp;url=https://naver834351975376-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?991032032358&amp;url=https://naver991032032358-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?192697770206&amp;url=https://naver192697770206-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?303930530734&amp;url=https://naver303930530734-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-047273182351.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-039159799083.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-147210625452.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-861097290106.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-185184508230.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-302847124233.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-063174792201.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-762585515800.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-613046442850.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-330661837085.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-647137299503.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/3158472690" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-248533666623.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/3158472690" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-706515179892.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/3158472690" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-612562987730.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/3158472690" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-107860140792.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/3158472690" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-219208560826.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/3158472690" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-015899909686-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/3158472690" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-690770001931-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/3158472690" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-888970582162-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/3158472690" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/4087162953">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/19.jpg" alt="Energy-Aware Game Engine Optimization for Mobile Platforms" title="Energy-Aware Game Engine Optimization for Mobile Platforms" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-4087162953.mit-edu.top/post/4087162953/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-03</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/4087162953">Energy-Aware Game Engine Optimization for Mobile Platforms</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">The rise of e-sports has elevated gaming to a competitive arena, where skill, strategy, and teamwork converge to create spectacles that rival traditional sports. From epic tournaments with massive prize pools to professional leagues with dedicated fan bases, e-sports has become a global phenomenon, showcasing the talent and dedication of gamers worldwide. The adrenaline-fueled battles and nail-biting finishes not only entertain but also inspire a new generation of aspiring gamers and professional athletes.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/4087162953" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/14.jpg" alt="Energy-Aware Game Engine Optimization for Mobile Platforms" title="Energy-Aware Game Engine Optimization for Mobile Platforms" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Amanda Evans</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-03 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/4028569173">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/4.jpg" alt="Exploring the Role of Neural Interfaces in Enhancing Immersive Gaming Experiences" title="Exploring the Role of Neural Interfaces in Enhancing Immersive Gaming Experiences" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-4028569173.mit-edu.top/post/4028569173/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-03</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/4028569173">Exploring the Role of Neural Interfaces in Enhancing Immersive Gaming Experiences</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">The future of gaming is a tapestry woven with technological innovations, creative visions, and player-driven evolution. Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), cloud gaming, and blockchain technology promise to revolutionize how we play, experience, and interact with games, ushering in an era of unprecedented possibilities and immersive experiences.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/4028569173" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/11.jpg" alt="Exploring the Role of Neural Interfaces in Enhancing Immersive Gaming Experiences" title="Exploring the Role of Neural Interfaces in Enhancing Immersive Gaming Experiences" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>James Williams</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-03 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/2704586319">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg" alt="Accessibility Features in Mobile Games: Bridging the Gap for Disabled Gamers" title="Accessibility Features in Mobile Games: Bridging the Gap for Disabled Gamers" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-2704586319.mit-edu.top/post/2704586319/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-03</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/2704586319">Accessibility Features in Mobile Games: Bridging the Gap for Disabled Gamers</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This study explores how mobile games can be designed to enhance memory retention and recall, investigating the cognitive mechanisms involved in how players remember game events, strategies, and narratives. Drawing on cognitive psychology, the research examines the role of repetition, reinforcement, and narrative structures in improving memory retention. The paper also explores the impact of mobile gaming on the formation of episodic and procedural memory, with particular focus on the implications of gaming for educational settings, rehabilitation programs, and cognitive therapy. It proposes a framework for designing mobile games that optimize memory functions while considering individual differences in memory processing.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://955916.mit-edu.top/post/2704586319" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="Accessibility Features in Mobile Games: Bridging the Gap for Disabled Gamers" title="Accessibility Features in Mobile Games: Bridging the Gap for Disabled Gamers" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Kathy Peterson</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-03 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda