It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/7953160482

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Behavioral Biometrics for Fraud Detection in Mobile Game Transactions #137858464278 (2025-02-01)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/7953160482">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Behavioral Biometrics for Fraud Detection in Mobile Game Transactions" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Behavioral Biometrics for Fraud Detection in Mobile Game Transactions #137858464278 (2025-02-01)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/7953160482" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/10.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-01T15:55:23Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Scott Bennett" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Behavioral Biometrics for Fraud Detection in Mobile Game Transactions #137858464278 (2025-02-01)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Scott Bennett",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/7953160482"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-01T15:55:23Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/10.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/137858464278"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "137858464278",
  52.            "abstract": "Behavioral Biometrics for Fraud Detection in Mobile Game Transactions #137858464278 (2025-02-01)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Behavioral Biometrics for Fraud Detection in Mobile Game Transactions",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Scott Bennett",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-01T15:55:23Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/7953160482"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/13.jpg" alt="Behavioral Biometrics for Fraud Detection in Mobile Game Transactions" title="Behavioral Biometrics for Fraud Detection in Mobile Game Transactions" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Scott Bennett</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-01</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Behavioral Biometrics for Fraud Detection in Mobile Game Transactions</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Scott Bennett for contributing the article "Behavioral Biometrics for Fraud Detection in Mobile Game Transactions".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/10.jpg" alt="Behavioral Biometrics for Fraud Detection in Mobile Game Transactions" title="Behavioral Biometrics for Fraud Detection in Mobile Game Transactions" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This study investigates how mobile games can encourage physical activity among players, focusing on games that incorporate movement and exercise. It evaluates the effectiveness of these games in promoting health and fitness. </p>
  100. <p>This research investigates the environmental footprint of mobile gaming, including energy consumption, electronic waste, and resource usage. It proposes sustainable practices for game development and consumption.This study examines how mobile gaming serves as a platform for social interaction, allowing players to form and maintain relationships. It explores the dynamics of online communities and the social benefits of gaming.</p>
  101. <p>This research critically analyzes the representation of diverse cultures, identities, and experiences in mobile games. It explores how game developers approach diversity and inclusion, from character design to narrative themes. The study discusses the challenges of creating culturally sensitive content while ensuring broad market appeal and the potential social impact of inclusive mobile game design.</p>
  102. <p>This research investigates the use of mobile games in health interventions, particularly in promoting positive health behavior changes such as physical activity, nutrition, and mental well-being. The study examines how gamification elements such as progress tracking, rewards, and challenges can be integrated into mobile health apps to increase user motivation and adherence to healthy behaviors. Drawing on behavioral psychology and health promotion theories, the paper explores the effectiveness of mobile games in influencing health-related outcomes and discusses the potential for using game mechanics to target specific health issues, such as obesity, stress management, and smoking cessation. The research also considers the ethical implications of using gaming techniques in health interventions, focusing on privacy concerns, user consent, and data security.</p>
  103. <p>This research investigates how mobile gaming influences cognitive skills such as problem-solving, attention span, and spatial reasoning. It analyzes both positive and negative effects, providing insights into the potential educational benefits and drawbacks of mobile gaming.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/7953160482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://449955795039-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://809162796939-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://440884439334-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://904417397303-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://573176111200-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://753686187528-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://367098456773-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://495616691959-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://678320257066-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://812489738290-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://859954921764-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://880587268417-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://380219205191-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/7953160482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://693869358307-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/7953160482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://034875514645-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/7953160482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://665185354631-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/7953160482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://667408101599-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/7953160482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://151525082600-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/7953160482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://235709866616-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/7953160482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://427587593655-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/7953160482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?263424457027&amp;url=https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/7953160482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?904675318077&amp;url=https://naver904675318077-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?827192618051&amp;url=https://naver827192618051-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?596208009566&amp;url=https://naver596208009566-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?098905687307&amp;url=https://naver098905687307-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?678473633363&amp;url=https://naver678473633363-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?164111820611&amp;url=https://naver164111820611-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?289019776524&amp;url=https://naver289019776524-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?997223640062&amp;url=https://naver997223640062-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?145216334346&amp;url=https://naver145216334346-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?314067557289&amp;url=https://naver314067557289-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?654750075507&amp;url=https://naver654750075507-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?231775306813&amp;url=https://naver231775306813-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-669397252738.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-736386100278.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-718499756785.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-510883667305.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-015033814754.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-730309850939.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-306036638142.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-533919482423.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-319402343947.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-600525778079.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-018360692532.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/7953160482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-876171932984.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/7953160482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-562460472208.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/7953160482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-378522819536.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/7953160482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-620829385622.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/7953160482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-669890737580.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/7953160482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-871725487470-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/7953160482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-408961237216-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/7953160482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-299958935107-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/7953160482" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/4967850321">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/10.jpg" alt="Federated Learning for Privacy-Preserving Player Behavior Analysis in Games" title="Federated Learning for Privacy-Preserving Player Behavior Analysis in Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-4967850321.mit-edu.top/post/4967850321/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/4967850321">Federated Learning for Privacy-Preserving Player Behavior Analysis in Games</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This paper provides a comparative analysis of the various monetization strategies employed in mobile games, focusing on in-app purchases (IAP) and advertising revenue models. The research investigates the economic impact of these models on both developers and players, examining their effectiveness in generating sustainable revenue while maintaining player satisfaction. Drawing on marketing theory, behavioral economics, and user experience research, the study evaluates the trade-offs between IAPs, ad placements, and player retention. The paper also explores the ethical concerns surrounding monetization practices, particularly regarding player exploitation, pay-to-win mechanics, and the impact on children and vulnerable audiences.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/4967850321" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/13.jpg" alt="Federated Learning for Privacy-Preserving Player Behavior Analysis in Games" title="Federated Learning for Privacy-Preserving Player Behavior Analysis in Games" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Emily Carter</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/2463905178">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/16.jpg" alt="Temporal Pattern Recognition in Sequential Decision Making for Game AI" title="Temporal Pattern Recognition in Sequential Decision Making for Game AI" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-2463905178.mit-edu.top/post/2463905178/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/2463905178">Temporal Pattern Recognition in Sequential Decision Making for Game AI</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This research explores the evolution of game monetization models in mobile games, with a focus on player preferences and developer strategies over time. By examining historical data and trends from the mobile gaming industry, the study identifies key shifts in monetization practices, such as the transition from premium models to free-to-play with in-app purchases (IAP), subscription services, and ad-based monetization. The research also investigates how these shifts have impacted player behavior, including spending habits, game retention, and perceptions of value. Drawing on theories of consumer behavior, the paper discusses the relationship between monetization models and player satisfaction, providing insights into how developers can balance profitability with user experience while maintaining ethical standards.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/2463905178" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/19.jpg" alt="Temporal Pattern Recognition in Sequential Decision Making for Game AI" title="Temporal Pattern Recognition in Sequential Decision Making for Game AI" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Stephen Hamilton</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/5786039241">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg" alt="Threat Detection in Real-Time Multiplayer Games Using AI-Based Firewalls" title="Threat Detection in Real-Time Multiplayer Games Using AI-Based Firewalls" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-5786039241.mit-edu.top/post/5786039241/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/5786039241">Threat Detection in Real-Time Multiplayer Games Using AI-Based Firewalls</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">Nostalgia permeates gaming culture, evoking fond memories of classic titles that shaped childhoods and ignited lifelong passions for gaming. The resurgence of remastered versions, reboots, and sequels to beloved franchises taps into this nostalgia, offering players a chance to relive cherished moments while introducing new generations to timeless gaming classics.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-016244458167.mit-edu.top/post/5786039241" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/2.jpg" alt="Threat Detection in Real-Time Multiplayer Games Using AI-Based Firewalls" title="Threat Detection in Real-Time Multiplayer Games Using AI-Based Firewalls" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Ashley Adams</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda