It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/6812405739

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Player-Centric Subscription Models for Sustainable Game Monetization #811884885921 (2025-02-03)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/6812405739">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Player-Centric Subscription Models for Sustainable Game Monetization" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Player-Centric Subscription Models for Sustainable Game Monetization #811884885921 (2025-02-03)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/6812405739" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/19.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-03T09:05:49Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. James Williams" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Player-Centric Subscription Models for Sustainable Game Monetization #811884885921 (2025-02-03)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. James Williams",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/6812405739"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-03T09:05:49Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/19.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/811884885921"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "811884885921",
  52.            "abstract": "Player-Centric Subscription Models for Sustainable Game Monetization #811884885921 (2025-02-03)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Player-Centric Subscription Models for Sustainable Game Monetization",
  56.                "author": "Dr. James Williams",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-03T09:05:49Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/6812405739"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/20.jpg" alt="Player-Centric Subscription Models for Sustainable Game Monetization" title="Player-Centric Subscription Models for Sustainable Game Monetization" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">James Williams</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-03</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Player-Centric Subscription Models for Sustainable Game Monetization</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to James Williams for contributing the article "Player-Centric Subscription Models for Sustainable Game Monetization".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/19.jpg" alt="Player-Centric Subscription Models for Sustainable Game Monetization" title="Player-Centric Subscription Models for Sustainable Game Monetization" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This study investigates the economic systems within mobile games, focusing on the development of virtual economies, marketplaces, and the integration of real-world currencies in digital spaces. The research explores how mobile games have created virtual goods markets, where players can buy, sell, and trade in-game assets for real money. By applying economic theories related to virtual currencies, supply and demand, and market regulation, the paper analyzes the implications of these digital economies for the gaming industry and broader digital commerce. The study also addresses the ethical considerations of monetization models, such as microtransactions, loot boxes, and the implications for player welfare.</p>
  100. <p>The siren song of RPGs beckons with its immersive narratives, drawing players into worlds so vividly crafted that the boundaries between reality and fantasy blur, leaving gamers spellbound in their pixelated destinies. From epic tales of heroism and adventure to nuanced character-driven dramas, RPGs offer a storytelling experience unlike any other, allowing players to become the protagonists of their own epic sagas. The freedom to make choices, shape the narrative, and explore vast, richly detailed worlds sparks the imagination and fosters a deep emotional connection with the virtual realms they inhabit.</p>
  101. <p>This paper examines the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in the design of mobile games, focusing on how AI enables adaptive game mechanics that adjust to a player’s behavior. The research explores how machine learning algorithms personalize game difficulty, enhance NPC interactions, and create procedurally generated content. It also addresses challenges in ensuring that AI-driven systems maintain fairness and avoid reinforcing harmful stereotypes.</p>
  102. <p>This study explores the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and procedural content generation (PCG) in mobile game development, focusing on how these technologies can create dynamic and ever-changing game environments. The paper examines how AI-powered systems can generate game content such as levels, characters, items, and quests in response to player actions, creating highly personalized and unique experiences for each player. Drawing on procedural generation theories, machine learning, and user experience design, the research investigates the benefits and challenges of using AI in game development, including issues related to content coherence, complexity, and player satisfaction. The study also discusses the future potential of AI-driven content creation in shaping the next generation of mobile games.</p>
  103. <p>This study investigates how mobile games can encourage physical activity among players, focusing on games that incorporate movement and exercise. It evaluates the effectiveness of these games in promoting health and fitness. </p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/6812405739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://280826359941-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://854835174463-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://708874792774-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://410304580973-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://481827208095-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://475743184224-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://773770119292-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://022922579043-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://462895373640-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://761791903296-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://443358794974-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://501875952022-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://212531176511-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/6812405739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://380888239326-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/6812405739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://912224456619-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/6812405739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://837488627705-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/6812405739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://529561253486-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/6812405739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://822483466215-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/6812405739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://187857410367-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/6812405739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://583931623862-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/6812405739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?119840368144&amp;url=https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/6812405739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?895922780073&amp;url=https://naver895922780073-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?236523744629&amp;url=https://naver236523744629-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?765670069662&amp;url=https://naver765670069662-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?830948361914&amp;url=https://naver830948361914-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?298761647105&amp;url=https://naver298761647105-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?111177351345&amp;url=https://naver111177351345-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?181373893660&amp;url=https://naver181373893660-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?824644165272&amp;url=https://naver824644165272-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?018243761908&amp;url=https://naver018243761908-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?388754747102&amp;url=https://naver388754747102-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?618146447362&amp;url=https://naver618146447362-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?649849778544&amp;url=https://naver649849778544-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-028738099814.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-468295469353.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-321276688561.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-461443899619.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-265291633751.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-329175311556.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-835707623243.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-306781823841.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-382538111791.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-464889120798.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-971355493747.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/6812405739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-568637873352.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/6812405739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-274354242388.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/6812405739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-827202958821.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/6812405739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-609045272707.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/6812405739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-222451244074.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/6812405739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-269051212116-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/6812405739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-644924746082-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/6812405739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-116513030945-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/6812405739" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/3027819564">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/19.jpg" alt="The Role of Mobile Games in Promoting Financial Literacy Among Adolescents" title="The Role of Mobile Games in Promoting Financial Literacy Among Adolescents" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-3027819564.mit-edu.top/post/3027819564/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-03</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/3027819564">The Role of Mobile Games in Promoting Financial Literacy Among Adolescents</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This paper analyzes the economic contributions of the mobile gaming industry to local economies, including job creation, revenue generation, and the development of related sectors such as tourism and retail. It provides case studies from various regions to illustrate these impacts.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/3027819564" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/20.jpg" alt="The Role of Mobile Games in Promoting Financial Literacy Among Adolescents" title="The Role of Mobile Games in Promoting Financial Literacy Among Adolescents" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Frank James</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-03 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/8921753046">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/6.jpg" alt="Resilient Architectures for Distributed Game Servers Against DDoS Attacks" title="Resilient Architectures for Distributed Game Servers Against DDoS Attacks" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-8921753046.mit-edu.top/post/8921753046/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-03</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/8921753046">Resilient Architectures for Distributed Game Servers Against DDoS Attacks</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">Puzzles, as enigmatic as they are rewarding, challenge players' intellect and wit, their solutions often hidden in plain sight yet requiring a discerning eye and a strategic mind to unravel their secrets and claim the coveted rewards. Whether deciphering cryptic clues, manipulating intricate mechanisms, or solving complex riddles, the puzzle-solving aspect of gaming exercises the brain and encourages creative problem-solving skills. The satisfaction of finally cracking a difficult puzzle after careful analysis and experimentation is a testament to the mental agility and perseverance of gamers, rewarding them with a sense of accomplishment and progression.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/8921753046" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/11.jpg" alt="Resilient Architectures for Distributed Game Servers Against DDoS Attacks" title="Resilient Architectures for Distributed Game Servers Against DDoS Attacks" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Dennis Torres</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-03 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/6971254380">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/16.jpg" alt="Gamified Learning Frameworks for STEM Education in Mobile Platforms" title="Gamified Learning Frameworks for STEM Education in Mobile Platforms" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-6971254380.mit-edu.top/post/6971254380/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-03</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/6971254380">Gamified Learning Frameworks for STEM Education in Mobile Platforms</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">Gaming culture has evolved into a vibrant and interconnected community where players from diverse backgrounds and cultures converge. They share strategies, forge lasting alliances, and engage in friendly competition, turning virtual friendships into real-world connections that span continents. Beyond gaming itself, this global community often rallies around charitable causes, organizing fundraising events, and using their collective influence for social good, showcasing the positive impact of gaming on society.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-019711555804.mit-edu.top/post/6971254380" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/6.jpg" alt="Gamified Learning Frameworks for STEM Education in Mobile Platforms" title="Gamified Learning Frameworks for STEM Education in Mobile Platforms" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Jeffrey Reed</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-03 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda