It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/6541329078

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Designing Transparent Virtual Economies Through Distributed Ledger Technology #098064819124 (2025-02-01)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/6541329078">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Designing Transparent Virtual Economies Through Distributed Ledger Technology" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Designing Transparent Virtual Economies Through Distributed Ledger Technology #098064819124 (2025-02-01)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/6541329078" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/6.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-01T13:58:18Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Michelle Turner" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Designing Transparent Virtual Economies Through Distributed Ledger Technology #098064819124 (2025-02-01)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Michelle Turner",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/6541329078"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-01T13:58:18Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/6.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/098064819124"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "098064819124",
  52.            "abstract": "Designing Transparent Virtual Economies Through Distributed Ledger Technology #098064819124 (2025-02-01)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Designing Transparent Virtual Economies Through Distributed Ledger Technology",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Michelle Turner",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-01T13:58:18Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/6541329078"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="Designing Transparent Virtual Economies Through Distributed Ledger Technology" title="Designing Transparent Virtual Economies Through Distributed Ledger Technology" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Michelle Turner</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-01</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Designing Transparent Virtual Economies Through Distributed Ledger Technology</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Michelle Turner for contributing the article "Designing Transparent Virtual Economies Through Distributed Ledger Technology".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/6.jpg" alt="Designing Transparent Virtual Economies Through Distributed Ledger Technology" title="Designing Transparent Virtual Economies Through Distributed Ledger Technology" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This study examines how engaging with mobile games affects attention span and cognitive control processes. It investigates both the potential benefits, such as improved focus, and the risks, such as attention deficits.This paper analyzes the development and diversification of mobile game genres over time, highlighting key trends and innovative game mechanics. It discusses how these changes reflect technological advancements and shifting player preferences.</p>
  100. <p>This paper explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in predicting player behavior in mobile games. It focuses on how AI algorithms can analyze player data to forecast actions such as in-game purchases, playtime, and engagement. The research examines the potential of AI to enhance personalized gaming experiences, improve game design, and increase player retention rates.</p>
  101. <p>This study investigates how mobile games can encourage physical activity among players, focusing on games that incorporate movement and exercise. It evaluates the effectiveness of these games in promoting health and fitness. </p>
  102. <p>Multiplayer madness ensues as alliances are forged and tested, betrayals unfold like intricate dramas, and epic battles erupt, painting the virtual sky with a kaleidoscope of chaos, cooperation, and camaraderie. In the vast and dynamic world of online gaming, players from across the globe come together to collaborate, compete, and forge meaningful connections. Whether teaming up with friends to tackle cooperative challenges or engaging in fierce competition against rivals, the social aspect of gaming adds an extra layer of excitement and immersion, creating unforgettable experiences and lasting friendships.</p>
  103. <p>This paper presents an ethnographic study of online multiplayer mobile gaming communities, exploring how players interact, collaborate, and form social bonds through gameplay. The research draws on theories of social capital, community building, and identity formation to analyze the dynamics of virtual relationships in mobile gaming. The study examines how mobile games facilitate socialization across geographical and cultural boundaries, while also addressing challenges such as online toxicity, harassment, and the commodification of social interaction. The paper offers a sociological perspective on the role of mobile games in shaping contemporary online communities and social practices.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/6541329078" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://400220752759-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://403667690790-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://713597437460-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://536711651027-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://797866838297-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://031887831512-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://688880669345-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://939868561740-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://433585843632-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://699624127014-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://970145198457-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://032395564527-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://940751148253-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/6541329078" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://762618311551-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/6541329078" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://018560354429-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/6541329078" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://544469846107-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/6541329078" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://949105306162-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/6541329078" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://108641605051-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/6541329078" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://035656451361-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/6541329078" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://801518838693-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/6541329078" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?863369573038&amp;url=https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/6541329078" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?783810900161&amp;url=https://naver783810900161-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?044914291628&amp;url=https://naver044914291628-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?575889667049&amp;url=https://naver575889667049-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?049065260751&amp;url=https://naver049065260751-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?181243001680&amp;url=https://naver181243001680-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?556261166172&amp;url=https://naver556261166172-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?799764983018&amp;url=https://naver799764983018-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?418587633269&amp;url=https://naver418587633269-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?475092362248&amp;url=https://naver475092362248-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?736147989738&amp;url=https://naver736147989738-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?591827775385&amp;url=https://naver591827775385-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?612846720434&amp;url=https://naver612846720434-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-122106966149.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-926565037221.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-994037450770.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-477082085631.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-135967066560.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-215293330039.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-237700924411.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-127874805434.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-768872706486.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-589921144832.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-312866343120.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/6541329078" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-301049607600.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/6541329078" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-715208430726.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/6541329078" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-360673713818.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/6541329078" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-888659730250.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/6541329078" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-193176802870.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/6541329078" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-242534412378-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/6541329078" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-251276386603-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/6541329078" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-383570595758-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/6541329078" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/1782630954">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/6.jpg" alt="Context-Aware AR Games for Promoting Sustainable Urban Living" title="Context-Aware AR Games for Promoting Sustainable Urban Living" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-1782630954.mit-edu.top/post/1782630954/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/1782630954">Context-Aware AR Games for Promoting Sustainable Urban Living</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">Virtual avatars, meticulously crafted extensions of the self, embody players' dreams, fears, and aspirations, allowing for a profound level of self-expression and identity exploration within the vast digital landscapes. Whether customizing the appearance, abilities, or personality traits of their avatars, gamers imbue these virtual representations with elements of their own identity, creating a sense of connection and ownership. The ability to inhabit alternate personas, explore diverse roles, and interact with virtual worlds empowers players to express themselves in ways that transcend the limitations of the physical realm, fostering creativity and empathy in the gaming community.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/1782630954" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="Context-Aware AR Games for Promoting Sustainable Urban Living" title="Context-Aware AR Games for Promoting Sustainable Urban Living" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Justin Brooks</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/2065139847">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg" alt="Examining the Sociocultural Impact of Mobile Games in Developing Countries" title="Examining the Sociocultural Impact of Mobile Games in Developing Countries" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-2065139847.mit-edu.top/post/2065139847/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/2065139847">Examining the Sociocultural Impact of Mobile Games in Developing Countries</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">Multiplayer platforms foster communities of gamers, forging friendships across continents and creating bonds that transcend virtual boundaries. Through cooperative missions, competitive matches, and shared adventures, players connect on a deeper level, building camaraderie and teamwork skills that extend beyond the digital realm. The social aspect of gaming not only enhances gameplay but also enriches lives, fostering friendships that endure and memories that last a lifetime.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/2065139847" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/19.jpg" alt="Examining the Sociocultural Impact of Mobile Games in Developing Countries" title="Examining the Sociocultural Impact of Mobile Games in Developing Countries" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Margaret Allen</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/3102756489">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/6.jpg" alt="Post-Quantum Cryptographic Solutions for Securing Virtual Economies" title="Post-Quantum Cryptographic Solutions for Securing Virtual Economies" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-3102756489.mit-edu.top/post/3102756489/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/3102756489">Post-Quantum Cryptographic Solutions for Securing Virtual Economies</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This study explores the role of player customization in mobile games, focusing on how avatar and character customization can influence player identity, self-expression, and engagement. The research examines how customizing characters, outfits, and other in-game features enables players to create personalized experiences that reflect their preferences and identities. Drawing on social identity theory and self-concept research, the paper investigates how customization fosters emotional attachment to the game, as well as its impact on player behavior, such as social interaction and competition. The study also explores the commercial implications of offering customizable in-game items, including microtransactions and virtual economies.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-029358268976.mit-edu.top/post/3102756489" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/11.jpg" alt="Post-Quantum Cryptographic Solutions for Securing Virtual Economies" title="Post-Quantum Cryptographic Solutions for Securing Virtual Economies" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Shirley Ramirez</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda