It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/9264875301

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Explainable AI for Transparent Decision-Making in Game Systems #604955201484 (2025-02-03)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/9264875301">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Explainable AI for Transparent Decision-Making in Game Systems" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Explainable AI for Transparent Decision-Making in Game Systems #604955201484 (2025-02-03)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/9264875301" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/4.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-03T00:11:32Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Jacqueline Foster" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Explainable AI for Transparent Decision-Making in Game Systems #604955201484 (2025-02-03)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Jacqueline Foster",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/9264875301"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-03T00:11:32Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/4.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/604955201484"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "604955201484",
  52.            "abstract": "Explainable AI for Transparent Decision-Making in Game Systems #604955201484 (2025-02-03)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Explainable AI for Transparent Decision-Making in Game Systems",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Jacqueline Foster",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-03T00:11:32Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/9264875301"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/6.jpg" alt="Explainable AI for Transparent Decision-Making in Game Systems" title="Explainable AI for Transparent Decision-Making in Game Systems" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Jacqueline Foster</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-03</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Explainable AI for Transparent Decision-Making in Game Systems</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Jacqueline Foster for contributing the article "Explainable AI for Transparent Decision-Making in Game Systems".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/4.jpg" alt="Explainable AI for Transparent Decision-Making in Game Systems" title="Explainable AI for Transparent Decision-Making in Game Systems" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>Nostalgia permeates gaming culture, evoking fond memories of classic titles that shaped childhoods and ignited lifelong passions for gaming. The resurgence of remastered versions, reboots, and sequels to beloved franchises taps into this nostalgia, offering players a chance to relive cherished moments while introducing new generations to timeless gaming classics.</p>
  100. <p>This paper investigates the impact of user-centric design principles in mobile games, focusing on how personalization and customization options influence player satisfaction and engagement. The research analyzes how mobile games employ features such as personalized avatars, dynamic content, and adaptive difficulty settings to cater to individual player preferences. By applying frameworks from human-computer interaction (HCI), motivation theory, and user experience (UX) design, the study explores how these design elements contribute to increased player retention, emotional attachment, and long-term engagement. The paper also considers the challenges of balancing personalization with accessibility, ensuring that customization does not exclude or frustrate diverse player groups.</p>
  101. <p>This paper explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in mobile game design to enhance player experience through adaptive gameplay systems. The study focuses on how AI-driven algorithms adjust game difficulty, narrative progression, and player interaction based on individual player behavior, preferences, and skill levels. Drawing on theories of personalized learning, machine learning, and human-computer interaction, the research investigates the potential for AI to create more immersive and personalized gaming experiences. The paper also examines the ethical considerations of AI in games, particularly concerning data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the manipulation of player behavior.</p>
  102. <p>Gaming culture has evolved into a vibrant and interconnected community where players from diverse backgrounds and cultures converge. They share strategies, forge lasting alliances, and engage in friendly competition, turning virtual friendships into real-world connections that span continents. This global network of gamers not only celebrates shared interests and passions but also fosters a sense of unity and belonging in a world that can often feel fragmented. From online forums and social media groups to live gaming events and conventions, the camaraderie and mutual respect among gamers continue to strengthen the bonds that unite this dynamic community.</p>
  103. <p>Virtual reality gaming has unlocked a new dimension of immersion, transporting players into fantastical realms where they can interact with virtual environments and characters in ways previously unimaginable. The sensory richness of VR experiences, coupled with intuitive motion controls, has redefined how players engage with games, blurring the boundaries between the digital realm and the physical world.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/9264875301" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://813562345565-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://445955444628-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://532397488835-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://079635270865-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://310872626866-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://604497005078-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://695672203291-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://554240801251-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://051558428085-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://306635891216-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://396422638794-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://636435065739-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://229450080733-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/9264875301" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://096876339983-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/9264875301" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://490064096941-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/9264875301" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://040123422110-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/9264875301" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://844742192298-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/9264875301" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://607291406419-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/9264875301" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://762083068442-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/9264875301" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://752971842661-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/9264875301" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?812454430639&amp;url=https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/9264875301" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?045899165363&amp;url=https://naver045899165363-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?547704995140&amp;url=https://naver547704995140-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?584647542131&amp;url=https://naver584647542131-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?057684949719&amp;url=https://naver057684949719-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?118722881256&amp;url=https://naver118722881256-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?001224329198&amp;url=https://naver001224329198-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?592464485368&amp;url=https://naver592464485368-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?646762363485&amp;url=https://naver646762363485-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?928937796943&amp;url=https://naver928937796943-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?392828782369&amp;url=https://naver392828782369-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?505944447230&amp;url=https://naver505944447230-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?900604043236&amp;url=https://naver900604043236-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-105441302997.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-431154155226.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-620054664219.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-449638382498.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-913536108214.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-681102046900.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-848187989332.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-943864232442.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-647348432341.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-139073368645.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-078212587322.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/9264875301" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-165390404411.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/9264875301" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-747502009831.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/9264875301" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-199921138777.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/9264875301" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-718169333083.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/9264875301" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-294288407390.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/9264875301" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-514491173099-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/9264875301" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-023322751289-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/9264875301" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-029869920360-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/9264875301" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/8613579204">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/4.jpg" alt="High-Precision Eye Tracking for Adaptive Gameplay in Immersive Environments" title="High-Precision Eye Tracking for Adaptive Gameplay in Immersive Environments" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-8613579204.mit-edu.top/post/8613579204/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-03</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/8613579204">High-Precision Eye Tracking for Adaptive Gameplay in Immersive Environments</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This research examines how mobile gaming facilitates social interactions among players, focusing on community building, communication patterns, and the formation of virtual identities. It also considers the implications of mobile gaming on social behavior and relationships.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/8613579204" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/6.jpg" alt="High-Precision Eye Tracking for Adaptive Gameplay in Immersive Environments" title="High-Precision Eye Tracking for Adaptive Gameplay in Immersive Environments" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Nancy Lewis</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-03 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/1286497503">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/18.jpg" alt="Dynamic Role Allocation in Multiplayer Games Using AI-Driven Insights" title="Dynamic Role Allocation in Multiplayer Games Using AI-Driven Insights" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-1286497503.mit-edu.top/post/1286497503/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-03</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/1286497503">Dynamic Role Allocation in Multiplayer Games Using AI-Driven Insights</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the increasing integration of social media features in mobile games, such as in-game sharing, leaderboards, and social network connectivity. It examines how these features influence player behavior, community engagement, and the overall gaming experience. The research also discusses the benefits and challenges of incorporating social elements into games, particularly in terms of user privacy, data sharing, and online safety.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/1286497503" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/9.jpg" alt="Dynamic Role Allocation in Multiplayer Games Using AI-Driven Insights" title="Dynamic Role Allocation in Multiplayer Games Using AI-Driven Insights" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Jeffrey Reed</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-03 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/5907341862">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg" alt="The Role of Gamification in Enhancing STEM Education Outcomes" title="The Role of Gamification in Enhancing STEM Education Outcomes" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-5907341862.mit-edu.top/post/5907341862/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-03</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/5907341862">The Role of Gamification in Enhancing STEM Education Outcomes</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This paper investigates the role of social influence in mobile games, focusing on how social networks, peer pressure, and social comparison affect player behavior and in-game purchasing decisions. The study examines how features such as leaderboards, friend lists, and social sharing options influence players’ motivations to engage with the game and spend money on in-game items. Drawing on social psychology and behavioral economics, the research explores how players' decisions are shaped by their interactions with others in the game environment. The paper also discusses the ethical implications of using social influence to drive in-game purchases, particularly in relation to vulnerable players and addiction risk.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-032633922202.mit-edu.top/post/5907341862" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/16.jpg" alt="The Role of Gamification in Enhancing STEM Education Outcomes" title="The Role of Gamification in Enhancing STEM Education Outcomes" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Frances Long</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-03 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda