It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/4052387961

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Combatting Fake News Through Educational Mobile Games #277424719389 (2025-02-08)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/4052387961">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Combatting Fake News Through Educational Mobile Games" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Combatting Fake News Through Educational Mobile Games #277424719389 (2025-02-08)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/4052387961" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/8.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-07T20:11:50Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Kimberly Gonzalez" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Combatting Fake News Through Educational Mobile Games #277424719389 (2025-02-08)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Kimberly Gonzalez",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/4052387961"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-07T20:11:50Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/8.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/277424719389"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "277424719389",
  52.            "abstract": "Combatting Fake News Through Educational Mobile Games #277424719389 (2025-02-08)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Combatting Fake News Through Educational Mobile Games",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Kimberly Gonzalez",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-07T20:11:50Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/4052387961"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/10.jpg" alt="Combatting Fake News Through Educational Mobile Games" title="Combatting Fake News Through Educational Mobile Games" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Kimberly Gonzalez</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-08</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Combatting Fake News Through Educational Mobile Games</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Kimberly Gonzalez for contributing the article "Combatting Fake News Through Educational Mobile Games".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/8.jpg" alt="Combatting Fake News Through Educational Mobile Games" title="Combatting Fake News Through Educational Mobile Games" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This study examines the ethical implications of loot boxes in mobile games, with a particular focus on their psychological impact and potential to foster gambling behavior. It provides a legal analysis of how various jurisdictions have approached the regulation of loot boxes and explores the implications of their inclusion in games targeted at minors. The paper discusses potential reforms and alternatives to loot boxes in the mobile gaming industry.</p>
  100. <p>This research investigates the ethical, psychological, and economic impacts of virtual item purchases in free-to-play mobile games. The study explores how microtransactions and virtual goods, such as skins, power-ups, and loot boxes, influence player behavior, spending habits, and overall satisfaction. Drawing on consumer behavior theory, economic models, and psychological studies of behavior change, the paper examines the role of virtual goods in creating addictive spending patterns, particularly among vulnerable populations such as minors or players with compulsive tendencies. The research also discusses the ethical implications of monetizing gameplay through virtual goods and provides recommendations for developers to create fairer and more transparent in-game purchase systems.</p>
  101. <p>This paper investigates the use of mobile games and gamification techniques in areas beyond entertainment, such as education, healthcare, and corporate training. It examines how game mechanics are applied to encourage desired behaviors, improve productivity, and enhance learning outcomes. The study also analyzes the effectiveness and challenges of gamification strategies, highlighting case studies from various industries.</p>
  102. <p>This study evaluates the efficacy of mobile games as gamified interventions for promoting physical and mental well-being. The research examines how health-related mobile games, such as fitness games, mindfulness apps, and therapeutic games, can improve players’ physical health, mental health, and overall quality of life. By drawing on health psychology and behavioral medicine, the paper investigates how mobile games use motivational mechanics, feedback systems, and social support to encourage healthy behaviors, such as exercise, stress reduction, and dietary changes. The study also reviews the effectiveness of gamified health interventions in clinical settings, offering a critical evaluation of their potential and limitations.</p>
  103. <p>This paper examines the intersection of mobile games and behavioral economics, exploring how game mechanics can be used to influence economic decision-making and consumer behavior. Drawing on insights from psychology, game theory, and economics, the study analyzes how mobile games employ reward systems, uncertainty, risk-taking, and resource management to simulate real-world economic decisions. The research explores the potential for mobile games to be used as tools for teaching economic principles, as well as their role in shaping financial behavior in the digital economy. The paper also discusses the ethical considerations of using gamified elements in influencing players’ financial choices.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/4052387961" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://633396552971-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://729219263846-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://683584747086-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://741939112044-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://061355923272-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://647455029223-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://235430937062-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://654082257992-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://504537950503-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://596203569067-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://283983233786-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://482433792413-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://879775504902-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/4052387961" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://236505243596-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/4052387961" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://875127405382-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/4052387961" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://933324657207-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/4052387961" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://732181768381-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/4052387961" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://121669953396-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/4052387961" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://751482266474-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/4052387961" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://651590602779-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/4052387961" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?764104879928&amp;url=https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/4052387961" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?244991456605&amp;url=https://naver244991456605-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?666843720230&amp;url=https://naver666843720230-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?617619444833&amp;url=https://naver617619444833-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?078739206980&amp;url=https://naver078739206980-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?262296368120&amp;url=https://naver262296368120-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?074458866639&amp;url=https://naver074458866639-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?569158275505&amp;url=https://naver569158275505-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?141053051406&amp;url=https://naver141053051406-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?383956912837&amp;url=https://naver383956912837-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?755316820035&amp;url=https://naver755316820035-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?431582211506&amp;url=https://naver431582211506-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?198381167698&amp;url=https://naver198381167698-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-281294837985.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-116267976714.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-931691429558.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-032731342078.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-776458951011.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-163128022205.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-330548425061.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-966068184506.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-309639173237.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-079686773489.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-208658399252.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/4052387961" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-269592290259.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/4052387961" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-936275205170.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/4052387961" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-909834151010.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/4052387961" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-340475369097.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/4052387961" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-527034035919.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/4052387961" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-435636670617-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/4052387961" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-254154806609-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/4052387961" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-002604547001-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/4052387961" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/8390721645">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/8.jpg" alt="The Psychology of Scarcity in Time-Limited Game Events" title="The Psychology of Scarcity in Time-Limited Game Events" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-8390721645.mit-edu.top/post/8390721645/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-08</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/8390721645">The Psychology of Scarcity in Time-Limited Game Events</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the role of mobile games in advancing the development of artificial general intelligence (AGI) by simulating aspects of human cognition, such as decision-making, problem-solving, and emotional response. The study investigates how mobile games can serve as testbeds for AGI research, offering a controlled environment in which AI systems can interact with human players and adapt to dynamic, unpredictable scenarios. By integrating cognitive science, AI theory, and game design principles, the research explores how mobile games might contribute to the creation of AGI systems that exhibit human-like intelligence across a wide range of tasks. The study also addresses the ethical concerns of AI in gaming, such as fairness, transparency, and accountability.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/8390721645" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/10.jpg" alt="The Psychology of Scarcity in Time-Limited Game Events" title="The Psychology of Scarcity in Time-Limited Game Events" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Barbara Garcia</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-08 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/9672543108">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/11.jpg" alt="Privacy by Design in Location-Based Augmented Reality Games" title="Privacy by Design in Location-Based Augmented Reality Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-9672543108.mit-edu.top/post/9672543108/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-08</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/9672543108">Privacy by Design in Location-Based Augmented Reality Games</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This research examines how mobile gaming facilitates social interactions among players, focusing on community building, communication patterns, and the formation of virtual identities. It also considers the implications of mobile gaming on social behavior and relationships.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/9672543108" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="Privacy by Design in Location-Based Augmented Reality Games" title="Privacy by Design in Location-Based Augmented Reality Games" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Emma Price</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-08 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/7239406851">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/8.jpg" alt="Exploring the Impact of Game Localization on Global Market Penetration" title="Exploring the Impact of Game Localization on Global Market Penetration" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-7239406851.mit-edu.top/post/7239406851/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-08</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/7239406851">Exploring the Impact of Game Localization on Global Market Penetration</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This study explores the role of user-generated content (UGC) in mobile games, focusing on how player-created game elements, such as levels, skins, and mods, contribute to game longevity and community engagement. The research examines how allowing players to create and share content within a game environment enhances player investment, creativity, and social interaction. Drawing on community-building theories and participatory culture, the paper investigates the challenges and benefits of incorporating UGC features into mobile games, including the technical, social, and legal considerations. The study also evaluates the potential for UGC to drive game evolution and extend the lifespan of mobile games by continually introducing fresh content.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-043761550838.mit-edu.top/post/7239406851" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/11.jpg" alt="Exploring the Impact of Game Localization on Global Market Penetration" title="Exploring the Impact of Game Localization on Global Market Penetration" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Cynthia Bailey</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-08 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda