It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/2957834016

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Game-Centric Blockchain Architectures for Low-Latency Interactions #886816808150 (2025-02-01)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/2957834016">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Game-Centric Blockchain Architectures for Low-Latency Interactions" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Game-Centric Blockchain Architectures for Low-Latency Interactions #886816808150 (2025-02-01)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/2957834016" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T21:51:14Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Linda Miller" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Game-Centric Blockchain Architectures for Low-Latency Interactions #886816808150 (2025-02-01)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Linda Miller",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/2957834016"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T21:51:14Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/886816808150"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "886816808150",
  52.            "abstract": "Game-Centric Blockchain Architectures for Low-Latency Interactions #886816808150 (2025-02-01)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Game-Centric Blockchain Architectures for Low-Latency Interactions",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Linda Miller",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T21:51:14Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/2957834016"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/2.jpg" alt="Game-Centric Blockchain Architectures for Low-Latency Interactions" title="Game-Centric Blockchain Architectures for Low-Latency Interactions" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Linda Miller</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-01</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Game-Centric Blockchain Architectures for Low-Latency Interactions</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Linda Miller for contributing the article "Game-Centric Blockchain Architectures for Low-Latency Interactions".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg" alt="Game-Centric Blockchain Architectures for Low-Latency Interactions" title="Game-Centric Blockchain Architectures for Low-Latency Interactions" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This study investigates the use of gamification techniques in mobile learning applications, focusing on how game-like elements such as scoring, badges, and leaderboards influence user engagement and motivation. It assesses the effectiveness of gamification in enhancing learning outcomes, particularly in educational apps targeting children and young adults. The paper also addresses challenges in designing gamified systems that balance educational value with entertainment.</p>
  100. <p>Accessibility initiatives in gaming are essential to ensuring inclusivity and equal opportunities for players of all abilities. Features such as customizable controls, colorblind modes, subtitles, and assistive technologies empower gamers with disabilities to enjoy gaming experiences on par with their peers, fostering a more inclusive and welcoming gaming ecosystem.</p>
  101. <p>This study explores the evolution of virtual economies within mobile games, focusing on the integration of digital currency and blockchain technology. It analyzes how virtual economies are structured in mobile games, including the use of in-game currencies, tradeable assets, and microtransactions. The paper also investigates the potential of blockchain technology to provide decentralized, secure, and transparent virtual economies, examining its impact on player ownership, digital asset exchange, and the creation of new revenue models for developers and players alike.</p>
  102. <p>This study analyzes the growth of mobile game streaming services and their impact on the mobile gaming market. It explores how cloud gaming platforms, such as Google Stadia and Microsoft’s Project xCloud, allow players to access high-quality games on low-powered devices. The paper evaluates the technical challenges of latency, bandwidth, and device compatibility, as well as the potential of mobile game streaming to democratize access to games globally.</p>
  103. <p>This study investigates the environmental impact of mobile game development, focusing on energy consumption, resource usage, and sustainability practices within the mobile gaming industry. The research examines the ecological footprint of mobile games, including the energy demands of game servers, device usage, and the carbon footprint of game downloads and updates. Drawing on sustainability studies and environmental science, the paper evaluates the role of game developers in mitigating environmental harm through energy-efficient coding, sustainable development practices, and eco-friendly server infrastructure. The research also explores the potential for mobile games to raise environmental awareness among players and promote sustainable behaviors through in-game content and narratives.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/2957834016" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://783894529722-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://249507478846-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://429224302792-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://145117442392-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://140925678501-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://941110434946-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://680820135237-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://795646740951-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://004499157249-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://363887666121-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://805901001550-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://466291227605-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://362085165666-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/2957834016" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://766921978697-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/2957834016" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://720480017315-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/2957834016" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://832408085777-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/2957834016" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://875734507555-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/2957834016" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://567299882022-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/2957834016" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://930408295768-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/2957834016" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://219965522352-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/2957834016" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?230543837987&amp;url=https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/2957834016" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?706373204191&amp;url=https://naver706373204191-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?753988102266&amp;url=https://naver753988102266-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?549347018756&amp;url=https://naver549347018756-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?076496661969&amp;url=https://naver076496661969-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?880006661695&amp;url=https://naver880006661695-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?407272889538&amp;url=https://naver407272889538-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?195281260371&amp;url=https://naver195281260371-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?938108648476&amp;url=https://naver938108648476-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?664518437966&amp;url=https://naver664518437966-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?182210313224&amp;url=https://naver182210313224-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?098936602154&amp;url=https://naver098936602154-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?907603222544&amp;url=https://naver907603222544-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-586909319212.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-872188579349.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-772027585186.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-027049236544.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-402447414627.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-375984696490.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-324989430684.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-326898526124.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-584124257746.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-690658190779.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-632245793216.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/2957834016" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-731406075131.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/2957834016" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-941029082216.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/2957834016" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-896217881032.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/2957834016" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-749253447540.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/2957834016" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-548770369980.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/2957834016" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-769862046971-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/2957834016" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-216070025903-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/2957834016" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-939937004981-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/2957834016" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/4871692350">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg" alt="Post-Quantum Cryptographic Solutions for Securing Virtual Economies" title="Post-Quantum Cryptographic Solutions for Securing Virtual Economies" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-4871692350.mit-edu.top/post/4871692350/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/4871692350">Post-Quantum Cryptographic Solutions for Securing Virtual Economies</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study analyzes the growth of mobile game streaming services and their impact on the mobile gaming market. It explores how cloud gaming platforms, such as Google Stadia and Microsoft’s Project xCloud, allow players to access high-quality games on low-powered devices. The paper evaluates the technical challenges of latency, bandwidth, and device compatibility, as well as the potential of mobile game streaming to democratize access to games globally.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/4871692350" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/2.jpg" alt="Post-Quantum Cryptographic Solutions for Securing Virtual Economies" title="Post-Quantum Cryptographic Solutions for Securing Virtual Economies" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Barbara Garcia</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/8904156372">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/8.jpg" alt="Network Effects in Multiplayer Mobile Game Adoption: An Empirical Study" title="Network Effects in Multiplayer Mobile Game Adoption: An Empirical Study" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-8904156372.mit-edu.top/post/8904156372/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/8904156372">Network Effects in Multiplayer Mobile Game Adoption: An Empirical Study</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This research explores how storytelling elements in mobile games influence player engagement and emotional investment. It examines the psychological mechanisms that make narrative-driven games compelling, focusing on immersion, empathy, and character development. The study also assesses how mobile game developers can use narrative structures to enhance long-term player retention and satisfaction.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/8904156372" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="Network Effects in Multiplayer Mobile Game Adoption: An Empirical Study" title="Network Effects in Multiplayer Mobile Game Adoption: An Empirical Study" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Laura Bell</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/7645390812">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg" alt="Cultural Adaptation of Gamification Techniques in Diverse Global Markets" title="Cultural Adaptation of Gamification Techniques in Diverse Global Markets" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-7645390812.mit-edu.top/post/7645390812/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/7645390812">Cultural Adaptation of Gamification Techniques in Diverse Global Markets</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This paper presents an ethnographic study of online multiplayer mobile gaming communities, exploring how players interact, collaborate, and form social bonds through gameplay. The research draws on theories of social capital, community building, and identity formation to analyze the dynamics of virtual relationships in mobile gaming. The study examines how mobile games facilitate socialization across geographical and cultural boundaries, while also addressing challenges such as online toxicity, harassment, and the commodification of social interaction. The paper offers a sociological perspective on the role of mobile games in shaping contemporary online communities and social practices.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-059359959180.mit-edu.top/post/7645390812" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/16.jpg" alt="Cultural Adaptation of Gamification Techniques in Diverse Global Markets" title="Cultural Adaptation of Gamification Techniques in Diverse Global Markets" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Margaret Allen</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda