It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/2403917865

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Dynamic Evolution of Enemy AI in Mobile Games Using Meta-Heuristics #850307127473 (2025-02-02)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/2403917865">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Dynamic Evolution of Enemy AI in Mobile Games Using Meta-Heuristics" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Dynamic Evolution of Enemy AI in Mobile Games Using Meta-Heuristics #850307127473 (2025-02-02)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/2403917865" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-01T16:52:18Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Victoria Simmons" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Dynamic Evolution of Enemy AI in Mobile Games Using Meta-Heuristics #850307127473 (2025-02-02)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Victoria Simmons",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/2403917865"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-01T16:52:18Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/850307127473"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "850307127473",
  52.            "abstract": "Dynamic Evolution of Enemy AI in Mobile Games Using Meta-Heuristics #850307127473 (2025-02-02)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Dynamic Evolution of Enemy AI in Mobile Games Using Meta-Heuristics",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Victoria Simmons",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-01T16:52:18Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/2403917865"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/8.jpg" alt="Dynamic Evolution of Enemy AI in Mobile Games Using Meta-Heuristics" title="Dynamic Evolution of Enemy AI in Mobile Games Using Meta-Heuristics" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Victoria Simmons</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-02</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Dynamic Evolution of Enemy AI in Mobile Games Using Meta-Heuristics</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Victoria Simmons for contributing the article "Dynamic Evolution of Enemy AI in Mobile Games Using Meta-Heuristics".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg" alt="Dynamic Evolution of Enemy AI in Mobile Games Using Meta-Heuristics" title="Dynamic Evolution of Enemy AI in Mobile Games Using Meta-Heuristics" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This research explores the potential of integrating cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques into mobile game design to promote mental health and well-being. The study investigates how game mechanics, such as goal-setting, positive reinforcement, and self-reflection, can be used to incorporate CBT principles into mobile games aimed at addressing issues such as anxiety, depression, and stress. Drawing on psychological theories of behavior change, the paper examines the efficacy of mobile games as tools for delivering therapeutic interventions and improving mental health outcomes. The research also discusses the challenges of designing games that balance therapeutic goals with entertainment value, as well as the ethical considerations of using games as therapeutic tools.</p>
  100. <p>This paper applies Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) to the design and analysis of mobile games, focusing on how game mechanics, narrative structures, and visual stimuli impact players' cognitive load during gameplay. The study investigates how high levels of cognitive load can hinder learning outcomes and gameplay performance, especially in complex puzzle or strategy games. By combining cognitive psychology and game design theory, the paper develops a framework for balancing intrinsic, extraneous, and germane cognitive load in mobile game environments. The research offers guidelines for developers to optimize user experiences by enhancing mental performance and reducing cognitive fatigue.</p>
  101. <p>This research explores the relationship between mobile gaming habits and academic performance among students. It examines both positive aspects, such as improved cognitive skills, and negative aspects, such as decreased study time and attention.</p>
  102. <p>This study examines how engaging with mobile games affects attention span and cognitive control processes. It investigates both the potential benefits, such as improved focus, and the risks, such as attention deficits.This paper analyzes the development and diversification of mobile game genres over time, highlighting key trends and innovative game mechanics. It discusses how these changes reflect technological advancements and shifting player preferences.</p>
  103. <p>Gaming culture has transcended borders and languages, emerging as a vibrant global community that unites people from all walks of life under the banner of shared enthusiasm for interactive digital experiences. From casual gamers to hardcore enthusiasts, gaming has become a universal language, fostering connections, friendships, and even rivalries that span continents and time zones.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/2403917865" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://854798684802-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://540632668379-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://262365141610-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://489960124188-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://345282108434-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://059120268155-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://177696520159-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://369113619521-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://647563180950-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://502618554465-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://836799854610-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://928013074336-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://191648221990-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/2403917865" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://886247340151-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/2403917865" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://569002612786-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/2403917865" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://608808886511-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/2403917865" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://356361527427-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/2403917865" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://799978539419-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/2403917865" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://208950095722-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/2403917865" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://874627496493-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/2403917865" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?247198019905&amp;url=https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/2403917865" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?914486674136&amp;url=https://naver914486674136-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?986526941660&amp;url=https://naver986526941660-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?571462954302&amp;url=https://naver571462954302-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?070483172834&amp;url=https://naver070483172834-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?439595552708&amp;url=https://naver439595552708-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?904344641690&amp;url=https://naver904344641690-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?018202745605&amp;url=https://naver018202745605-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?161431231776&amp;url=https://naver161431231776-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?241400412332&amp;url=https://naver241400412332-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?517177693737&amp;url=https://naver517177693737-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?961138752893&amp;url=https://naver961138752893-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?944188349057&amp;url=https://naver944188349057-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-826199995009.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-974154559067.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-802817599119.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-108618606122.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-577573363544.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-204215136007.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-867479737484.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-710165695017.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-620231017764.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-737585957073.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-542144917030.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/2403917865" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-142818292040.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/2403917865" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-646353717022.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/2403917865" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-414217232413.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/2403917865" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-343658613358.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/2403917865" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-729531873295.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/2403917865" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-028260604069-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/2403917865" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-831166949992-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/2403917865" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-079409001928-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/2403917865" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/4783561209">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg" alt="Emergent Gameplay in AI-Driven Open Worlds: A Predictive Analysis" title="Emergent Gameplay in AI-Driven Open Worlds: A Predictive Analysis" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-4783561209.mit-edu.top/post/4783561209/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/4783561209">Emergent Gameplay in AI-Driven Open Worlds: A Predictive Analysis</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This paper explores how mobile games can be used to raise awareness about environmental issues and promote sustainable behaviors. Drawing on environmental psychology and game-based learning, the study investigates how game mechanics such as resource management, ecological simulations, and narrative-driven environmental challenges can educate players about sustainability. The research examines case studies of games that integrate environmental themes, analyzing their impact on players' attitudes toward climate change, waste reduction, and conservation efforts. The paper proposes a framework for designing mobile games that not only entertain but also foster environmental stewardship and collective action.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/4783561209" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/8.jpg" alt="Emergent Gameplay in AI-Driven Open Worlds: A Predictive Analysis" title="Emergent Gameplay in AI-Driven Open Worlds: A Predictive Analysis" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Joyce Stevens</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/7390852146">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/20.jpg" alt="Cultural Preferences in Mobile Games: Insights for Market Localization" title="Cultural Preferences in Mobile Games: Insights for Market Localization" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-7390852146.mit-edu.top/post/7390852146/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/7390852146">Cultural Preferences in Mobile Games: Insights for Market Localization</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">Gaming addiction is a complex issue that warrants attention and understanding, as some individuals struggle to find a healthy balance between their gaming pursuits and other responsibilities. It's important to promote responsible gaming habits, encourage breaks, and offer support to those who may be experiencing challenges in managing their gaming habits and overall well-being.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/7390852146" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/14.jpg" alt="Cultural Preferences in Mobile Games: Insights for Market Localization" title="Cultural Preferences in Mobile Games: Insights for Market Localization" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Nicholas Richardson</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/7294510863">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/16.jpg" alt="Adaptive Game Mechanics for Neurodiverse Players: Challenges and Solutions" title="Adaptive Game Mechanics for Neurodiverse Players: Challenges and Solutions" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-7294510863.mit-edu.top/post/7294510863/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/7294510863">Adaptive Game Mechanics for Neurodiverse Players: Challenges and Solutions</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This study explores the integration of augmented reality (AR) technologies in mobile games, examining how AR enhances user engagement and immersion. It discusses technical challenges, user acceptance, and the future potential of AR in mobile gaming.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-060967797742.mit-edu.top/post/7294510863" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/3.jpg" alt="Adaptive Game Mechanics for Neurodiverse Players: Challenges and Solutions" title="Adaptive Game Mechanics for Neurodiverse Players: Challenges and Solutions" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Patricia Brown</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda