It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/3481729065

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>The Impact of Real-World Economic Events on Virtual Economies #373498487225 (2025-02-07)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/3481729065">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="The Impact of Real-World Economic Events on Virtual Economies" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="The Impact of Real-World Economic Events on Virtual Economies #373498487225 (2025-02-07)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/3481729065" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-07T02:04:05Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Evelyn Griffin" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "The Impact of Real-World Economic Events on Virtual Economies #373498487225 (2025-02-07)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Evelyn Griffin",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/3481729065"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-07T02:04:05Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/373498487225"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "373498487225",
  52.            "abstract": "The Impact of Real-World Economic Events on Virtual Economies #373498487225 (2025-02-07)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "The Impact of Real-World Economic Events on Virtual Economies",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Evelyn Griffin",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-07T02:04:05Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/3481729065"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="The Impact of Real-World Economic Events on Virtual Economies" title="The Impact of Real-World Economic Events on Virtual Economies" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Evelyn Griffin</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-07</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">The Impact of Real-World Economic Events on Virtual Economies</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Evelyn Griffin for contributing the article "The Impact of Real-World Economic Events on Virtual Economies".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg" alt="The Impact of Real-World Economic Events on Virtual Economies" title="The Impact of Real-World Economic Events on Virtual Economies" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This paper investigates the impact of mobile gaming on attention span and cognitive load, particularly in relation to multitasking behaviors and the consumption of digital media. The research examines how the fast-paced, highly interactive nature of mobile games affects cognitive processes such as sustained attention, task-switching, and mental fatigue. Using experimental methods and cognitive psychology theories, the study analyzes how different types of mobile games, from casual games to action-packed shooters, influence players’ ability to focus on tasks and process information. The paper explores the long-term effects of mobile gaming on attention span and offers recommendations for mitigating negative impacts, especially in the context of educational and professional environments.</p>
  100. <p>This paper investigates the use of mobile games and gamification techniques in areas beyond entertainment, such as education, healthcare, and corporate training. It examines how game mechanics are applied to encourage desired behaviors, improve productivity, and enhance learning outcomes. The study also analyzes the effectiveness and challenges of gamification strategies, highlighting case studies from various industries.</p>
  101. <p>This paper examines how mobile games can enhance players’ psychological empowerment by improving their self-efficacy and confidence through gameplay. The research investigates how game mechanics such as challenges, achievements, and skill development contribute to a player's sense of mastery and competence. Drawing on psychological theories of self-efficacy and motivation, the study explores how mobile games can be designed to provide players with a sense of accomplishment and personal growth, particularly in games that focus on skill-based tasks, puzzles, and strategy. The paper also explores the impact of mobile games on players' overall well-being, particularly in terms of their confidence and ability to overcome challenges in real life.</p>
  102. <p>This research explores the intersection of mobile gaming and behavioral economics, focusing on how in-game purchases influence player decision-making. The study analyzes common behavioral biases, such as the “anchoring effect” and “loss aversion,” that developers exploit to encourage spending. It provides insights into how these economic principles affect the design of monetization strategies and the ethical considerations involved in manipulating player behavior.</p>
  103. <p>The immersive world of gaming beckons players into a realm where fantasy meets reality, where pixels dance to the tune of imagination, and where challenges ignite the spirit of competition. From the sprawling landscapes of open-world adventures to the intricate mazes of puzzle games, every corner of this digital universe invites exploration and discovery. It's a place where players not only seek entertainment but also find solace, inspiration, and a sense of accomplishment as they navigate virtual realms filled with wonder and excitement.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/3481729065" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://438627420734-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://367729222039-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://878097941703-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://556529065737-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://750063951860-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://554725181743-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://749313198195-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://590676731204-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://712896260192-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://402311860938-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://501722204483-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://110220471603-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://889983733815-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/3481729065" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://035484895817-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/3481729065" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://965035324312-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/3481729065" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://686977481939-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/3481729065" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://419901798201-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/3481729065" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://833265533120-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/3481729065" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://978171113004-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/3481729065" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://284004287614-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/3481729065" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?177490597404&amp;url=https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/3481729065" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?616026445845&amp;url=https://naver616026445845-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?274036443292&amp;url=https://naver274036443292-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?251092463065&amp;url=https://naver251092463065-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?700295812325&amp;url=https://naver700295812325-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?970399624824&amp;url=https://naver970399624824-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?070486057086&amp;url=https://naver070486057086-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?578701308337&amp;url=https://naver578701308337-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?300782290238&amp;url=https://naver300782290238-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?933732499379&amp;url=https://naver933732499379-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?409243073052&amp;url=https://naver409243073052-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?371304198572&amp;url=https://naver371304198572-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?711649689614&amp;url=https://naver711649689614-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-912327565705.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-215073254429.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-388349741973.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-730210832449.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-775217155980.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-954052436457.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-540795772203.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-918517513918.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-161717562642.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-119349731693.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-344636553734.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/3481729065" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-581746058992.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/3481729065" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-976135460933.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/3481729065" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-589962410695.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/3481729065" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-291091388091.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/3481729065" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-647631099986.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/3481729065" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-127286816925-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/3481729065" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-053863027881-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/3481729065" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-980989501220-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/3481729065" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/2605971483">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg" alt="Player Retention Metrics and Their Correlation with Monetization Success" title="Player Retention Metrics and Their Correlation with Monetization Success" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-2605971483.mit-edu.top/post/2605971483/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-07</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/2605971483">Player Retention Metrics and Their Correlation with Monetization Success</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This research examines the application of Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) in mobile game design, particularly in optimizing the balance between game complexity and player capacity for information processing. The study investigates how mobile game developers can use CLT principles to design games that maximize player learning and engagement by minimizing cognitive overload. Drawing on cognitive psychology and game design theory, the paper explores how different types of cognitive load—intrinsic, extraneous, and germane—affect player performance, frustration, and enjoyment. The research also proposes strategies for using game mechanics, tutorials, and difficulty progression to ensure an optimal balance of cognitive load throughout the gameplay experience.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/2605971483" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="Player Retention Metrics and Their Correlation with Monetization Success" title="Player Retention Metrics and Their Correlation with Monetization Success" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Ann Gonzales</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-07 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/7941260358">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/4.jpg" alt="Quantifying the Impact of In-Game Advertisements on Player Immersion" title="Quantifying the Impact of In-Game Advertisements on Player Immersion" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-7941260358.mit-edu.top/post/7941260358/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-07</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/7941260358">Quantifying the Impact of In-Game Advertisements on Player Immersion</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper examines the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in the design of mobile games, focusing on how AI enables adaptive game mechanics that adjust to a player’s behavior. The research explores how machine learning algorithms personalize game difficulty, enhance NPC interactions, and create procedurally generated content. It also addresses challenges in ensuring that AI-driven systems maintain fairness and avoid reinforcing harmful stereotypes.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/7941260358" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/19.jpg" alt="Quantifying the Impact of In-Game Advertisements on Player Immersion" title="Quantifying the Impact of In-Game Advertisements on Player Immersion" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Emily Carter</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-07 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/0423876951">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/18.jpg" alt="Dynamic Texture Streaming in Resource-Constrained Mobile Game Engines" title="Dynamic Texture Streaming in Resource-Constrained Mobile Game Engines" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-0423876951.mit-edu.top/post/0423876951/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-07</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/0423876951">Dynamic Texture Streaming in Resource-Constrained Mobile Game Engines</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This study examines the psychological effects of mobile game addiction, including its impact on mental health, social relationships, and academic performance. It also explores societal perceptions of gaming addiction and discusses potential interventions and preventive measures.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-068087423039.mit-edu.top/post/0423876951" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/1.jpg" alt="Dynamic Texture Streaming in Resource-Constrained Mobile Game Engines" title="Dynamic Texture Streaming in Resource-Constrained Mobile Game Engines" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Angela Cooper</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-07 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda