It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/4907312568

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Cognitive Outcomes of Simulation-Based Learning in Game Environments #073760331147 (2025-02-01)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/4907312568">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Cognitive Outcomes of Simulation-Based Learning in Game Environments" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Cognitive Outcomes of Simulation-Based Learning in Game Environments #073760331147 (2025-02-01)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/4907312568" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-01T09:00:28Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Katherine Foster" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Cognitive Outcomes of Simulation-Based Learning in Game Environments #073760331147 (2025-02-01)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Katherine Foster",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/4907312568"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-01T09:00:28Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/073760331147"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "073760331147",
  52.            "abstract": "Cognitive Outcomes of Simulation-Based Learning in Game Environments #073760331147 (2025-02-01)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Cognitive Outcomes of Simulation-Based Learning in Game Environments",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Katherine Foster",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-01T09:00:28Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/4907312568"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/15.jpg" alt="Cognitive Outcomes of Simulation-Based Learning in Game Environments" title="Cognitive Outcomes of Simulation-Based Learning in Game Environments" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Katherine Foster</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-01</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Cognitive Outcomes of Simulation-Based Learning in Game Environments</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Katherine Foster for contributing the article "Cognitive Outcomes of Simulation-Based Learning in Game Environments".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="Cognitive Outcomes of Simulation-Based Learning in Game Environments" title="Cognitive Outcomes of Simulation-Based Learning in Game Environments" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This research investigates the cognitive benefits of mobile games, focusing on how different types of games can enhance players’ problem-solving abilities, decision-making skills, and critical thinking. The study draws on cognitive psychology, educational theory, and game-based learning research to examine how game mechanics, such as puzzles, strategy, and role-playing, promote higher-order thinking. The paper evaluates the potential for mobile games to be used as tools for educational development and cognitive training, particularly for children, students, and individuals with cognitive impairments. It also considers the limitations of mobile games in fostering cognitive development and the need for a balanced approach to game design.</p>
  100. <p>Gaming addiction is a complex issue that warrants attention and understanding, as some individuals struggle to find a healthy balance between their gaming pursuits and other responsibilities. It's important to promote responsible gaming habits, encourage breaks, and offer support to those who may be experiencing challenges in managing their gaming habits and overall well-being.</p>
  101. <p>The symphony of gaming unfolds in a crescendo of controller clicks, keyboard clacks, and the occasional victorious shout that pierces through the virtual silence, marking triumphs and milestones in the digital realm. Every input, every action taken by players contributes to the immersive experience of gaming, creating a symphony of sights, sounds, and emotions that transport them to fantastical realms and engaging adventures. Whether exploring serene landscapes, engaging in intense combat, or unraveling compelling narratives, the interactive nature of gaming fosters a deep sense of engagement and immersion, making each gaming session a memorable journey.</p>
  102. <p>This research critically analyzes the representation of diverse cultures, identities, and experiences in mobile games. It explores how game developers approach diversity and inclusion, from character design to narrative themes. The study discusses the challenges of creating culturally sensitive content while ensuring broad market appeal and the potential social impact of inclusive mobile game design.</p>
  103. <p>This paper explores the globalization of mobile gaming, focusing on the cultural, economic, and technological dimensions of the mobile game industry. It examines how mobile games transcend national borders, shaping global entertainment trends, cultural exchanges, and consumption patterns. The study analyzes the role of international distribution platforms, such as app stores and online marketplaces, in facilitating cross-border gaming experiences, while also considering the impact of localization strategies on cultural representation and game design. Furthermore, the research investigates the economic implications of mobile game globalization, including market entry strategies, pricing models, and the influence of local regulations.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/4907312568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://219611125787-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://745116021642-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://521107638609-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://711390064676-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://289453705816-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://580450332561-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://678036765700-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://070662311356-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://399656713626-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://292763771837-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://069105845700-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://482744374641-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://028102909929-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/4907312568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://503084122397-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/4907312568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://834208401221-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/4907312568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://522514575973-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/4907312568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://396635319739-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/4907312568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://670802965227-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/4907312568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://674162501164-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/4907312568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://705689657638-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/4907312568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?935457114531&amp;url=https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/4907312568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?791908378946&amp;url=https://naver791908378946-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?902775668103&amp;url=https://naver902775668103-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?825389468658&amp;url=https://naver825389468658-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?596380080257&amp;url=https://naver596380080257-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?814635027655&amp;url=https://naver814635027655-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?501377226855&amp;url=https://naver501377226855-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?863999770144&amp;url=https://naver863999770144-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?746401062299&amp;url=https://naver746401062299-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?921607193593&amp;url=https://naver921607193593-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?470594969500&amp;url=https://naver470594969500-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?617947849900&amp;url=https://naver617947849900-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?719169416565&amp;url=https://naver719169416565-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-051902074768.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-542442424431.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-482039634835.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-132619474619.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-961414652966.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-839312836198.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-045417403554.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-010306999921.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-105825629270.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-911276778718.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-418400611103.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/4907312568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-766683675702.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/4907312568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-470252193943.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/4907312568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-005125491050.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/4907312568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-428098236361.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/4907312568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-571875275787.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/4907312568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-236441493293-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/4907312568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-127754811908-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/4907312568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-426994728363-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/4907312568" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/2517034698">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="Mobile Games as Cognitive Rehabilitation Tools: An Empirical Study" title="Mobile Games as Cognitive Rehabilitation Tools: An Empirical Study" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-2517034698.mit-edu.top/post/2517034698/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/2517034698">Mobile Games as Cognitive Rehabilitation Tools: An Empirical Study</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">Gaming communities thrive in digital spaces, bustling forums, social media hubs, and streaming platforms where players converge to share strategies, discuss game lore, showcase fan art, and forge connections with fellow enthusiasts. These vibrant communities serve as hubs of creativity, camaraderie, and collective celebration of all things gaming-related.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/2517034698" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/15.jpg" alt="Mobile Games as Cognitive Rehabilitation Tools: An Empirical Study" title="Mobile Games as Cognitive Rehabilitation Tools: An Empirical Study" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Dorothy King</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/8136097254">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="Ethical Considerations in Depicting Sensitive Cultural Narratives in Games" title="Ethical Considerations in Depicting Sensitive Cultural Narratives in Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-8136097254.mit-edu.top/post/8136097254/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/8136097254">Ethical Considerations in Depicting Sensitive Cultural Narratives in Games</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This systematic review examines existing literature on the effects of mobile gaming on mental health, identifying both beneficial and detrimental outcomes. It provides evidence-based recommendations for stakeholders in the gaming industry and healthcare sectors.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/8136097254" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/20.jpg" alt="Ethical Considerations in Depicting Sensitive Cultural Narratives in Games" title="Ethical Considerations in Depicting Sensitive Cultural Narratives in Games" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Martha Perry</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/3976148025">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/10.jpg" alt="Designing Stable Virtual Economies Through Dynamic Supply Chain Mechanisms" title="Designing Stable Virtual Economies Through Dynamic Supply Chain Mechanisms" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-3976148025.mit-edu.top/post/3976148025/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-01</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/3976148025">Designing Stable Virtual Economies Through Dynamic Supply Chain Mechanisms</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This paper examines the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in the design of mobile games, focusing on how AI enables adaptive game mechanics that adjust to a player’s behavior. The research explores how machine learning algorithms personalize game difficulty, enhance NPC interactions, and create procedurally generated content. It also addresses challenges in ensuring that AI-driven systems maintain fairness and avoid reinforcing harmful stereotypes.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-098077549125.mit-edu.top/post/3976148025" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/18.jpg" alt="Designing Stable Virtual Economies Through Dynamic Supply Chain Mechanisms" title="Designing Stable Virtual Economies Through Dynamic Supply Chain Mechanisms" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Mark Wright</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-01 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda