It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/8074923156

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Sparse Reward Structures and Their Role in Scaling AI Complexity in Games #331191663381 (2025-02-07)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/8074923156">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Sparse Reward Structures and Their Role in Scaling AI Complexity in Games" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Sparse Reward Structures and Their Role in Scaling AI Complexity in Games #331191663381 (2025-02-07)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/8074923156" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/2.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-07T15:41:07Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Anna Ross" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Sparse Reward Structures and Their Role in Scaling AI Complexity in Games #331191663381 (2025-02-07)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Anna Ross",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/8074923156"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-07T15:41:07Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/2.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/331191663381"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "331191663381",
  52.            "abstract": "Sparse Reward Structures and Their Role in Scaling AI Complexity in Games #331191663381 (2025-02-07)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Sparse Reward Structures and Their Role in Scaling AI Complexity in Games",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Anna Ross",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-07T15:41:07Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/8074923156"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/8.jpg" alt="Sparse Reward Structures and Their Role in Scaling AI Complexity in Games" title="Sparse Reward Structures and Their Role in Scaling AI Complexity in Games" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Anna Ross</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-07</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Sparse Reward Structures and Their Role in Scaling AI Complexity in Games</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Anna Ross for contributing the article "Sparse Reward Structures and Their Role in Scaling AI Complexity in Games".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/2.jpg" alt="Sparse Reward Structures and Their Role in Scaling AI Complexity in Games" title="Sparse Reward Structures and Their Role in Scaling AI Complexity in Games" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>Gamification extends beyond entertainment, infiltrating sectors such as marketing, education, and workplace training with game-inspired elements such as leaderboards, achievements, and rewards systems. By leveraging gamified strategies, businesses enhance user engagement, foster motivation, and drive desired behaviors, harnessing the power of play to achieve tangible goals and outcomes.</p>
  100. <p>Gaming's evolution from the pixelated adventures of classic arcade games to the breathtakingly realistic graphics of contemporary consoles has been nothing short of astounding. Each technological leap has not only enhanced visual fidelity but also deepened immersion, blurring the lines between reality and virtuality. The attention to detail in modern games, from lifelike character animations to dynamic environmental effects, creates an immersive sensory experience that captivates players and transports them to fantastical worlds beyond imagination.</p>
  101. <p>Gaming's impact on education is profound, with gamified learning platforms revolutionizing how students engage with academic content. By incorporating game elements such as rewards, challenges, and progression systems into educational software, educators are able to make learning more interactive, enjoyable, and effective, catering to diverse learning styles and enhancing retention rates.</p>
  102. <p>Esports has risen as a global phenomenon, transforming skilled gamers into celebrated athletes. They compete in electrifying tournaments watched by millions, showcasing their talents, earning recognition, fame, and substantial prize pools that rival those of traditional sports. The professionalization of esports has also led to the development of coaching, training facilities, and esports academies, paving the way for a new generation of esports professionals and cementing gaming as a legitimate career path.</p>
  103. <p>This paper examines how mobile games can be utilized as platforms for social advocacy and political mobilization, particularly in the context of global social movements. The study explores the potential for mobile games to raise awareness about social justice issues, such as climate change, gender equality, and human rights, by engaging players in interactive, narrative-driven activism. By drawing on theories of participatory media and political communication, the research analyzes how game mechanics can be used to simulate real-world social challenges, promote empathy, and encourage collective action. The paper also discusses the ethical challenges of gamifying serious issues and the risks of oversimplification or exploitation of activism.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/8074923156" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://192228748345-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://224852731492-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://926907726049-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://913758271667-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://940080272973-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://655259141526-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://444510304412-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://440737093518-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://533695230792-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://722264518581-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://390642506975-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://508577849176-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://528376415580-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/8074923156" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://831438988745-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/8074923156" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://520437190928-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/8074923156" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://679137211354-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/8074923156" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://243027670723-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/8074923156" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://442535393216-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/8074923156" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://047173608901-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/8074923156" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://778741195449-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/8074923156" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?979390905713&amp;url=https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/8074923156" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?183973041915&amp;url=https://naver183973041915-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?124778665595&amp;url=https://naver124778665595-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?695177485773&amp;url=https://naver695177485773-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?187289702179&amp;url=https://naver187289702179-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?035685255862&amp;url=https://naver035685255862-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?510188407226&amp;url=https://naver510188407226-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?106323236895&amp;url=https://naver106323236895-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?411997258267&amp;url=https://naver411997258267-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?117930541173&amp;url=https://naver117930541173-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?506286827927&amp;url=https://naver506286827927-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?742568380173&amp;url=https://naver742568380173-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?137255605324&amp;url=https://naver137255605324-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-916608373630.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-468576899624.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-185718119880.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-727081037985.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-565527046518.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-439317389198.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-291099646198.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-903554397239.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-078097817926.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-991501401757.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-286000917816.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/8074923156" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-698381080231.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/8074923156" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-371556275976.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/8074923156" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-977758417256.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/8074923156" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-464588726871.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/8074923156" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-599187784459.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/8074923156" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-291026673121-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/8074923156" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-994581641659-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/8074923156" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-338773703905-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/8074923156" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/7403125689">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/2.jpg" alt="Quantum Computing's Role in Optimizing Game AI Decision-Making Processes" title="Quantum Computing's Role in Optimizing Game AI Decision-Making Processes" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-7403125689.mit-edu.top/post/7403125689/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-07</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/7403125689">Quantum Computing's Role in Optimizing Game AI Decision-Making Processes</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study applies social psychology theories to understand how group identity and collective behavior are formed and manifested within multiplayer mobile games. The research investigates the ways in which players form alliances, establish group norms, and engage in cooperative or competitive behaviors. By analyzing case studies of popular multiplayer mobile games, the paper explores the role of ingroups and outgroups, social influence, and group polarization within game environments. It also examines the psychological effects of online social interaction in gaming communities, discussing how mobile games foster both prosocial behavior and toxic interactions within groups.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/7403125689" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/8.jpg" alt="Quantum Computing's Role in Optimizing Game AI Decision-Making Processes" title="Quantum Computing's Role in Optimizing Game AI Decision-Making Processes" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Joshua Gray</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-07 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/1705364982">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/16.jpg" alt="Game-Theoretic Approaches to AI Collaboration in Competitive Game Scenarios" title="Game-Theoretic Approaches to AI Collaboration in Competitive Game Scenarios" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-1705364982.mit-edu.top/post/1705364982/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-07</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/1705364982">Game-Theoretic Approaches to AI Collaboration in Competitive Game Scenarios</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This research explores the intersection of mobile gaming and behavioral economics, focusing on how in-game purchases influence player decision-making. The study analyzes common behavioral biases, such as the “anchoring effect” and “loss aversion,” that developers exploit to encourage spending. It provides insights into how these economic principles affect the design of monetization strategies and the ethical considerations involved in manipulating player behavior.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/1705364982" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/15.jpg" alt="Game-Theoretic Approaches to AI Collaboration in Competitive Game Scenarios" title="Game-Theoretic Approaches to AI Collaboration in Competitive Game Scenarios" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Gregory Jenkins</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-07 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/8426751039">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg" alt="Understanding the Role of Digital Twins in Simulated Game Ecosystems" title="Understanding the Role of Digital Twins in Simulated Game Ecosystems" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-8426751039.mit-edu.top/post/8426751039/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-07</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/8426751039">Understanding the Role of Digital Twins in Simulated Game Ecosystems</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research explores how mobile gaming influences cultural identity and expression across different regions. It examines the role of mobile games in cultural exchange, preservation, and the representation of diverse cultures. This research investigates how mobile gaming affects sleep quality and duration, considering factors such as screen time, game content, and player demographics. It provides insights into the health implications of mobile gaming habits.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-098184535452.mit-edu.top/post/8426751039" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/18.jpg" alt="Understanding the Role of Digital Twins in Simulated Game Ecosystems" title="Understanding the Role of Digital Twins in Simulated Game Ecosystems" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Mark Wright</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-07 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda