It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/4539270861

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>User-Centered Design in Mobile Games: Balancing Fun and Accessibility #867504366908 (2025-02-06)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/4539270861">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="User-Centered Design in Mobile Games: Balancing Fun and Accessibility" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="User-Centered Design in Mobile Games: Balancing Fun and Accessibility #867504366908 (2025-02-06)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/4539270861" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-05T23:06:02Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Margaret Allen" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "User-Centered Design in Mobile Games: Balancing Fun and Accessibility #867504366908 (2025-02-06)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Margaret Allen",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/4539270861"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-05T23:06:02Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/867504366908"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "867504366908",
  52.            "abstract": "User-Centered Design in Mobile Games: Balancing Fun and Accessibility #867504366908 (2025-02-06)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "User-Centered Design in Mobile Games: Balancing Fun and Accessibility",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Margaret Allen",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-05T23:06:02Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/4539270861"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/8.jpg" alt="User-Centered Design in Mobile Games: Balancing Fun and Accessibility" title="User-Centered Design in Mobile Games: Balancing Fun and Accessibility" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Margaret Allen</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-06</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">User-Centered Design in Mobile Games: Balancing Fun and Accessibility</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Margaret Allen for contributing the article "User-Centered Design in Mobile Games: Balancing Fun and Accessibility".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg" alt="User-Centered Design in Mobile Games: Balancing Fun and Accessibility" title="User-Centered Design in Mobile Games: Balancing Fun and Accessibility" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This study delves into the various strategies that mobile game developers use to maximize user retention, including personalized content, rewards systems, and social integration. It explores how data analytics are employed to track player behavior, predict churn, and optimize engagement strategies. The research also discusses the ethical concerns related to user tracking and retention tactics, proposing frameworks for responsible data use.</p>
  100. <p>Game streaming platforms like Twitch, YouTube Gaming, and Mixer have revolutionized how gamers consume and interact with gaming content, turning everyday players into content creators, influencers, and entertainers. Livestreamed gameplay, interactive chats, and community engagement redefine the gaming experience, transforming passive consumption into dynamic, participatory entertainment.</p>
  101. <p>The fusion of gaming and storytelling has birthed narrative-driven masterpieces that transport players on epic journeys filled with rich characters, moral dilemmas, and immersive worlds. Role-playing games (RPGs), interactive dramas, and story-driven adventures weave intricate narratives that resonate with players on emotional, intellectual, and narrative levels, blurring the line between gaming and literature.</p>
  102. <p>This study investigates how mobile games can encourage physical activity among players, focusing on games that incorporate movement and exercise. It evaluates the effectiveness of these games in promoting health and fitness. </p>
  103. <p>This paper offers a post-structuralist analysis of narrative structures in mobile games, emphasizing how game narratives contribute to the construction of player identity and agency. It explores the intersection of game mechanics, storytelling, and player interaction, considering how mobile games as “digital texts” challenge traditional notions of authorship and narrative control. Drawing upon the works of theorists like Michel Foucault and Roland Barthes, the paper examines the decentralized nature of mobile game narratives and how they allow players to engage in a performative process of meaning-making, identity construction, and subversion of preordained narrative trajectories.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/4539270861" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://916976132235-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://971256512614-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://279543445132-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://856180677792-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://444615133197-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://432055331949-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://916786031492-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://006315169364-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://998093984663-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://366405706347-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://954890380289-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://688054491131-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://712356142531-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/4539270861" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://679698657562-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/4539270861" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://012125297532-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/4539270861" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://247400668537-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/4539270861" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://493150451663-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/4539270861" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://293946271911-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/4539270861" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://988831571996-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/4539270861" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://931008427822-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/4539270861" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?540632830613&amp;url=https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/4539270861" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?771861564765&amp;url=https://naver771861564765-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?517390654627&amp;url=https://naver517390654627-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?801873250447&amp;url=https://naver801873250447-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?593060522361&amp;url=https://naver593060522361-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?327799570767&amp;url=https://naver327799570767-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?092037896193&amp;url=https://naver092037896193-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?246482615384&amp;url=https://naver246482615384-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?242219918222&amp;url=https://naver242219918222-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?001721145784&amp;url=https://naver001721145784-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?045673098329&amp;url=https://naver045673098329-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?220152353525&amp;url=https://naver220152353525-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?639217621189&amp;url=https://naver639217621189-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-589321253368.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-604956510431.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-204412361203.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-328765625020.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-672716946388.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-514645087853.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-326928096267.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-952680432906.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-404290622225.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-124750556714.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-758948689108.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/4539270861" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-261493006481.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/4539270861" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-536108683487.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/4539270861" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-346257074224.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/4539270861" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-524273326037.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/4539270861" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-906244089704.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/4539270861" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-412945398815-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/4539270861" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-158862552186-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/4539270861" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-685556007292-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/4539270861" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/6597083421">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg" alt="Energy-Efficient Cryptographic Protocols for Mobile Game Applications" title="Energy-Efficient Cryptographic Protocols for Mobile Game Applications" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-6597083421.mit-edu.top/post/6597083421/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-06</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/6597083421">Energy-Efficient Cryptographic Protocols for Mobile Game Applications</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This paper examines the rise of cross-platform mobile gaming, where players can access the same game on multiple devices, such as smartphones, tablets, and PCs. It analyzes the technologies that enable seamless cross-platform play, including cloud synchronization and platform-agnostic development tools. The research also evaluates how cross-platform compatibility enhances user experience, providing greater flexibility and reducing barriers to entry for players.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/6597083421" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/8.jpg" alt="Energy-Efficient Cryptographic Protocols for Mobile Game Applications" title="Energy-Efficient Cryptographic Protocols for Mobile Game Applications" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Rebecca Cook</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-06 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/7652049813">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/15.jpg" alt="Real-Time Data Streams for Player Behavior Prediction Using Edge AI" title="Real-Time Data Streams for Player Behavior Prediction Using Edge AI" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-7652049813.mit-edu.top/post/7652049813/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-06</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/7652049813">Real-Time Data Streams for Player Behavior Prediction Using Edge AI</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This research examines the role of mobile game developers in promoting social responsibility through ethical practices and inclusivity in game design. The study explores how developers can address social issues such as diversity, representation, and accessibility within mobile games, ensuring that games are accessible to players of all backgrounds, abilities, and identities. Drawing on ethics, cultural studies, and inclusive design principles, the paper evaluates the impact of inclusive game design on player experiences, with particular focus on gender, race, and disability representation. The research also investigates the role of mobile games in fostering positive social change, offering recommendations for developers to create more socially responsible and inclusive gaming experiences.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/7652049813" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/10.jpg" alt="Real-Time Data Streams for Player Behavior Prediction Using Edge AI" title="Real-Time Data Streams for Player Behavior Prediction Using Edge AI" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Amy Ward</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-06 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/5870692134">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/3.jpg" alt="Integrating Behavioral Economics into Game Design to Improve Player Retention" title="Integrating Behavioral Economics into Game Design to Improve Player Retention" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-5870692134.mit-edu.top/post/5870692134/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-06</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/5870692134">Integrating Behavioral Economics into Game Design to Improve Player Retention</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This paper examines the potential of augmented reality (AR) in educational mobile games, focusing on how AR can be used to create interactive learning experiences that enhance knowledge retention and student engagement. The research investigates how AR technology can overlay digital content onto the physical world to provide immersive learning environments that foster experiential learning, critical thinking, and problem-solving. Drawing on educational psychology and AR development, the paper explores the advantages and challenges of incorporating AR into mobile games for educational purposes. The study also evaluates the effectiveness of AR-based learning tools compared to traditional educational methods and provides recommendations for integrating AR into mobile games to promote deeper learning outcomes.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-148815569697.mit-edu.top/post/5870692134" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/1.jpg" alt="Integrating Behavioral Economics into Game Design to Improve Player Retention" title="Integrating Behavioral Economics into Game Design to Improve Player Retention" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Jonathan Torres</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-06 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda